Hydrogen fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell combined cooling heating and power system and a control method thereof. The system comprises a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a heat supply branch and a cooling branch, the first heat supply branch in the heat supply branches is composed of a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a heat exchanger and a hydrogen fuel cell and used for starting preheating of the hydrogen fuel cell. The second heat supply branch is used for recycling heat; a first cooling branch in the cooling branches consists of a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a cold exchanger, a heat exchanger and a hydrogen fuel cell, and is used for cooling the hydrogen fuel cell when the heat dissipation system fails; the second cooling branch consists of a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a cold exchanger, an inlet air compression device and a hydrogen fuel cell and is used for cooling inlet air of the hydrogen fuel cell; the third cooling branch is used for recycling cold energy; and the power supply branch is used for providing electric energy input for the hydrogen fuel cell. A complex inlet air cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell is removed, the refrigerating and heating response speed is high, and safe operation of the hydrogen fuel cell system is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy utilization, and in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] During the use of hydrogen fuel cells, poor heat dissipation will lead to reduced efficiency or membrane perforation. At the same time, the fuel intake pressure needs to reach 0.2MPa, and the compression process generates a lot of heat, which needs to be cooled to about 80°C. Therefore, effective thermal management, ensuring the appropriate temperature and recycling waste heat are key issues in the commercialization of hydrogen fuel cells.

[0003] The disadvantages of existing hydrogen fuel cell thermal management systems are complex processes, slow response speeds, and low reliability. It is difficult to quickly adjust the heat dissipation performance according to changes in the actual operating power of the hydrogen fuel cell. In the event of failure of components such as the cooling fan or the gas-liquid heat exchanger, it is very easy for the hydrogen fuel cell to accumulate a large amount of heat in a short period of time, causing the hydrogen fuel cell to overheat and be damaged. Therefore, in order to ensure the safe operation of hydrogen fuel cells and increase the efficiency of hydrogen energy use, it is necessary to find more reliable and efficient hydrogen fuel cell thermal management and cogeneration methods.

[0004] Thermoelectric refrigeration technology can directly convert electrical energy into cold energy / heat energy without using refrigerant as a circulating working fluid. It has the characteristics of fast response, reliability, environmental protection, and long life. It has special technical advantages in the active thermal management of heat sources. However, the inventors found that the prior art, such as the invention application with application number 2022115809992, entitled Multi-generation System and Method for Coupled Fuel Cell-Thermoelectric Refrigeration-Membrane Distillation, although it discloses the use of thermoelectric refrigerators to achieve preheating and cooling, involves the deployment of multiple thermoelectric refrigerators, each of which only provides heat or cold, and does not achieve cooling of the hydrogen fuel cell intake system, resulting in a complex system, low utilization of thermoelectric refrigerators, and difficulty in efficiently ensuring the safe operation of hydrogen fuel cells. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a hydrogen fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system and its control method, which applies thermoelectric refrigeration technology to hydrogen fuel cell thermal management, uses the cooling capacity generated by the thermoelectric refrigeration device to cool the hydrogen fuel cell intake, and quickly inputs the cooling capacity into the hydrogen fuel cell for cooling under conditions such as failure of the hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system, which can effectively ensure the safe operation of the hydrogen fuel cell. At the same time, during normal operation, the heat and cooling capacity generated by the thermoelectric refrigeration device can meet the heat / cold needs of the target users, realize the cooling, heating and power cogeneration of the hydrogen fuel cell, and improve energy efficiency.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system, including a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a heating branch and a cooling branch;

[0008] The heating branch includes a first heating branch and a second heating branch; the first heating branch is composed of a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a heat exchanger and a hydrogen fuel cell, and is used to preheat the hydrogen fuel cell at the start; the second heating branch is composed of a thermoelectric refrigeration device and a heat storage device, and is used to recover heat;

[0009] The cooling branch includes a first cooling branch, a second cooling branch and a third cooling branch; the first cooling branch is composed of a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a cold exchanger, a heat exchanger and a hydrogen fuel cell, and is used to cool the hydrogen fuel cell when the heat dissipation system fails; the second cooling branch is composed of a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a cold exchanger, an intake compression device, and a hydrogen fuel cell, and is used to cool the intake of the hydrogen fuel cell; the third cooling branch is composed of a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a cold exchanger and a cold storage device, and is used to recover cold energy.

[0010] Preferably, the thermoelectric cooling device comprises a hot end and a cold end. When current is applied, the hot end generates heat and the cold end generates cold. The hot end and the cold end of the thermoelectric cooling device respectively use coolant to bring heat and cold out of the thermoelectric cooling device.

[0011] Preferably, the cold exchanger includes a gas channel and a coolant channel inside;

[0012] The inlet of the gas channel is connected to the outlet of the air intake compression device, and the outlet of the gas channel is connected to the fuel inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell;

[0013] The inlet and outlet of the cooling liquid channel are both connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric cooling device, so as to realize the circulation flow of the cooling liquid between the thermoelectric cooling device and the cold exchanger.

[0014] Preferably, the heat exchanger is used for heat exchange between the coolant at the hot end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device, the coolant at the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device and the cooling water of the hydrogen fuel cell; it includes two coolant channels and a hydrogen fuel cell cooling water channel, the two coolant channels are respectively connected to the hot end and the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device, and the hydrogen fuel cell cooling water channel is connected to the bipolar plate of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0015] Preferably, the heat storage device is also connected to a hydrogen fuel cell for recovering waste heat.

[0016] Preferably, the heat storage device is used to provide heat to the target user; and the cold storage device is used to provide cold to the target user.

[0017] Preferably, it also includes a power supply branch, which is composed of a thermoelectric cooling device, a power storage device and a hydrogen fuel cell, and is used to provide power input for the hydrogen fuel cell startup process; the power storage device is used to provide electricity to the target user.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a control method for a hydrogen fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system, comprising:

[0019] Obtaining a hydrogen fuel cell start-up signal, increasing the hot-end coolant flow of the thermoelectric refrigeration device to preheat the hydrogen fuel cell, and increasing the cold-end coolant flow of the thermoelectric refrigeration device to cool down the gas compressed by the intake compression device;

[0020] During the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell, the cooling water temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell is collected. If the cooling water temperature exceeds the preset alarm threshold, the coolant flow rate of the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device is increased, and the coolant flows through the cold exchanger to cool down the hydrogen fuel cell body and its intake air temperature;

[0021] The average temperature of the cold storage device and the heat storage device is collected. If the average temperature of the cold storage device is higher than the first preset temperature or the average temperature of the heat storage device is lower than the second preset temperature, the input power of the thermoelectric refrigeration device is increased, and the generated cold and heat are input into the cold storage and heat storage devices respectively.

[0022] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the control method of a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system described in the second aspect.

[0023] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the steps in the control method of a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system described in the second aspect are implemented.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The present invention only requires one thermoelectric refrigeration device to realize the simultaneous supply of heat and cold, realize the preheating, cooling, power supply and waste heat recovery of the fuel cell, improve resource utilization on the basis of reducing system complexity, and use the recovered heat, cold and electricity to meet the needs of target users.

[0026] (2) The present invention uses electric energy to directly generate heat and cold, without the need to use refrigerant as a circulating working fluid, and is safe, environmentally friendly, and easy to operate.

[0027] (3) The present invention has a fast cooling speed and high efficiency. When the heat dissipation system of the hydrogen fuel cell fails, the cold energy can be quickly input into the hydrogen fuel cell to ensure the safe operation of the hydrogen fuel cell. At the same time, the risk of failure is reduced and the operation interruption caused by system failure is reduced, thereby providing a continuous supply of heat and cold energy and improving user satisfaction.

[0028] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their description are used to explain the present invention but do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Among them, 1-thermoelectric refrigeration device; 2-cold exchanger; 3-intake air compression device; 4-hydrogen fuel cell; 5-heat storage device; 6-heat exchanger; 7-cold storage device; 8-electricity storage device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] Embodiment 1

[0034] This embodiment combines thermoelectric refrigeration with hydrogen fuel cells to solve the thermal management problem of hydrogen fuel cells and proposes a hydrogen fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system. Figure 1 shown.

[0035] The system combines thermoelectric refrigeration with hydrogen fuel cells, and includes a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a cold exchanger, a heat exchanger, an intake air compression device, a hydrogen fuel cell, a heat storage device, a cold storage device, and an electricity storage device.

[0036] The thermoelectric refrigeration device generates heat and cold after inputting electrical energy. The cold energy generated by the thermoelectric refrigeration device is not only used to cool the hydrogen fuel cell intake air, but also used to exchange heat with the hydrogen fuel cell cooling water under the condition of failure of the hydrogen fuel cell body heat dissipation system to control the hydrogen fuel cell body from overheating. During the startup period of the hydrogen fuel cell, the heat generated by the thermoelectric refrigeration device is used to preheat the hydrogen fuel cell body to the required temperature.

[0037] The thermoelectric cooling device includes a hot end and a cold end. When current is applied, the hot end (P end) generates heat and the cold end (N end) generates cold. The hot end and the cold end of the thermoelectric cooling device use coolant to take the heat and cold out of the thermoelectric cooling device respectively.

[0038] The coolant used in this embodiment is a liquid with good insulation, high thermal conductivity and good fluidity. The types of coolant include but are not limited to fluorinated liquid, ethanol, methanol and other liquids.

[0039] The heat generated by the thermoelectric refrigeration device is used in two aspects: one part is used to provide the required heat for preheating the hydrogen fuel cell during the startup period, and the other part directly enters the heat storage device.

[0040] This embodiment preheats the hydrogen fuel cell by adjusting the hot end coolant of the thermoelectric refrigeration device, which can ensure that the fuel cell can reach the optimal operating temperature more quickly when starting, thereby improving efficiency and extending service life. At the same time, using the hot end coolant of the thermoelectric refrigeration device inside the system for preheating can reduce the need for additional preheating equipment, thereby simplifying the system structure and reducing system complexity and cost.

[0041] In addition, the waste heat generated during the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell and part of the heat generated by the thermoelectric refrigeration device enter the heat storage device together to provide heat to the target user when there is a need for heat.

[0042] The cooling capacity generated by the thermoelectric refrigeration device is used in three aspects. The first part directly enters the cold storage device to meet the cooling needs of the target users. The second part is used to cool the hydrogen fuel cell fuel gas after passing through the air intake compression device. The third part is used to enter the heat exchanger to cool the hydrogen fuel cell in the event of a failure in the heat dissipation system of the hydrogen fuel cell body, thereby fully ensuring the safety of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0043] In this embodiment, the system directly generates cold and heat through a thermoelectric refrigeration device, thereby achieving precise control of the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell. During the startup phase of the hydrogen fuel cell, the heat generated by the thermoelectric refrigeration device is used for preheating to ensure that the battery quickly reaches the optimal operating temperature; during normal operation or when the heat dissipation system fails, the cold is used for cooling to effectively prevent the battery from overheating and ensure its safe operation. The generated cold is not only used for fuel cell intake cooling and body emergency cooling, but is also stored in a cold storage device to meet cooling needs. This immediate thermal management strategy significantly improves the reliability and service life of hydrogen fuel cells.

[0044] The system realizes the cogeneration and comprehensive utilization of cooling, heating and electricity. The heat generated by the thermoelectric refrigeration device is not only used to preheat the hydrogen fuel cell, but also stored in the heat storage device and provided to the target user when there is a heat demand, thus realizing the cascade utilization of energy.

[0045] The electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell, in addition to supplying power to the user, also enters the power storage device to provide stable electric energy input for the thermoelectric refrigeration device.

[0046] In this embodiment, the electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell is not only directly supplied to the user, but also used to provide a stable electric energy input for the thermoelectric refrigeration device, forming a closed-loop energy cycle and improving the overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0047] The cold exchanger includes but is not limited to a shell and tube heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger, and a sleeve heat exchanger, the interior of which is divided into a gas channel and a coolant channel. The inlet of the gas channel is connected to the outlet of the intake compression device, and the outlet of the gas channel is connected to the fuel gas inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell; the inlet and outlet of the coolant channel are both connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device, so as to realize the circulation of the coolant between the thermoelectric refrigeration device and the cold exchanger.

[0048] Furthermore, the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device is connected to the heat exchanger through a cold exchanger, so that when the heat dissipation system of the hydrogen fuel cell body fails, the coolant at the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device is used to exchange heat with the cooling water of the hydrogen fuel cell to quickly cool the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0049] The heat exchanger includes but is not limited to shell and tube heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, and sleeve heat exchangers, which are used for heat exchange between the hot end coolant of the thermoelectric refrigeration device, the cold end coolant of the thermoelectric refrigeration device and the cooling water of the hydrogen fuel cell. There are two coolant channels and hydrogen fuel cell cooling water channels inside the heat exchanger. The two coolant channels are connected to the hot end and the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device respectively, and the hydrogen fuel cell cooling water channel is connected to the bipolar plate of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0050] The coolant at the hot end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device exchanges heat with the heat storage medium in the heat storage device to achieve efficient heat storage. The heat storage medium in the heat storage device mainly adopts a liquid heat storage medium with high thermal conductivity and large specific heat capacity.

[0051] This specific embodiment integrates the thermoelectric refrigeration device, the heating branch and the cooling branch into a whole through an integrated design, and constructs a cogeneration system that can not only provide preheating and stable heat supply for the hydrogen fuel cell, but also can perform emergency cooling and effectively recover heat and cold when the heat dissipation system fails. This structural design not only improves the energy utilization efficiency and flexibility of the system, but also significantly enhances the stability and reliability of the system. At the same time, this embodiment only requires one thermoelectric refrigeration device to achieve the simultaneous supply of heat, cold and electricity, which greatly simplifies the system structure and reduces complexity and maintenance costs. In addition, the system is easy to operate, and users can flexibly adjust the temperature and energy output according to actual needs, which improves the user experience.

[0052] Embodiment 2

[0053] This embodiment provides a control method for a hydrogen fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system, including:

[0054] S1: Obtain a hydrogen fuel cell start-up signal, increase the hot-end coolant flow of the thermoelectric refrigeration device to preheat the hydrogen fuel cell, and increase the cold-end coolant flow of the thermoelectric refrigeration device to cool down the gas compressed by the intake compression device;

[0055] S2: During the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell, the cooling water temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell is collected. If the cooling water temperature exceeds the preset alarm threshold, the cold end coolant flow of the thermoelectric refrigeration device is increased to flow through the cold exchanger to cool down the hydrogen fuel cell body and its intake air temperature;

[0056] S3: collecting the average temperature of the cold storage device and the heat storage device. If the average temperature of the cold storage device is higher than the first preset temperature or the average temperature of the heat storage device is lower than the second preset temperature, increasing the input power of the thermoelectric refrigeration device, and inputting the generated cold and heat into the cold storage device and the heat storage device respectively.

[0057] In S1, when a hydrogen fuel cell start-up signal is received, the hydrogen fuel cell is first preheated by increasing the coolant flow rate at the hot end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device. The preheating process is to ensure that the battery can reach the optimal operating temperature at the beginning of startup, thereby improving its working efficiency and stability.

[0058] At the same time, the system will also increase the coolant flow rate of the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device to cool down the hydrogen compressed by the intake compression device. The temperature of the compressed hydrogen is relatively high. If it is not cooled, it may cause the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell to rise, thereby generating an unsafe factor of overheating of the hydrogen fuel cell. By cooling, it can be ensured to the greatest extent that hydrogen participates in the reaction under the best condition and improves the performance of the hydrogen fuel cell. In S2, during the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell, the system will continue to collect the temperature of the cooling water. If the cooling water temperature exceeds the preset alarm threshold, it means that the battery body will fail or be abnormal, resulting in an abnormal increase in temperature. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can use the temperature when the battery body is about to fail or be abnormal as the temperature alarm threshold according to actual conditions, based on historical data experiments or calculations.

[0059] At this time, in order to ensure the safe operation of the battery, the coolant flow rate at the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device is increased, so that the coolant flows through the cold exchanger and the heat exchanger to cool the hydrogen fuel cell body; at the same time, because the hydrogen temperature may be higher than usual at the beginning of a failure, the hydrogen will be further cooled, so as to avoid the aggravation of the battery failure at the beginning of the failure or when the failure is about to occur, and ensure that the hydrogen reaction activity is not affected, thereby reducing the danger of the failure, maintaining the normal operation of the hydrogen fuel cell, and reducing operation interruptions caused by system failures.

[0060] This embodiment can reduce the temperature in time by increasing the coolant flow rate at the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device, thereby effectively preventing the battery from overheating, avoiding potential failures and damages, or weakening the strength of the failure to maintain the normal working time of the hydrogen fuel cell as long as possible.

[0061] As a specific implementation, the temperature alarm threshold value of S2 is preferably 50°C. Specifically, the cooling water temperature in the hydrogen fuel cell is collected, and according to whether the cooling water temperature level in the hydrogen fuel cell exceeds 50°C, the cold end coolant flow of the thermoelectric refrigeration device is increased to cool the fuel cell.

[0062] In S3, in addition to temperature control of the hydrogen fuel cell and its intake air, the average temperature of the cold storage device and the heat storage device is also collected.

[0063] If the average temperature of the cold storage device is higher than the first preset temperature, it means that the cold capacity in the cold storage device may be insufficient and needs to be replenished. At this time, the input power of the thermoelectric refrigeration device is increased to input the generated cold capacity into the cold storage device to maintain its appropriate temperature range.

[0064] Similarly, if the average temperature of the heat storage device is lower than the second preset temperature, it means that the heat in the heat storage device may be insufficient and needs to be replenished. The input power of the thermoelectric refrigeration device is also increased to input the generated heat into the heat storage device to maintain its appropriate temperature range.

[0065] As a specific implementation, the first preset temperature in S3 is preferably 15°C, and the second preset temperature is preferably 40°C. Specifically, the input power of the thermoelectric refrigeration device is adjusted according to the cold capacity of the cold storage device and the heat capacity of the heat storage device; the average temperatures of the cold storage device and the heat storage device are collected respectively, and when the average temperature of the cold storage device is higher than 15°C or the average temperature of the heat storage device is lower than 40°C, the input power of the thermoelectric refrigeration device is increased, and the generated cold capacity and heat are respectively input into the cold storage device and the heat storage device.

[0066] In this embodiment, by setting the average temperature thresholds of the cold storage device and the heat storage device, and dynamically adjusting the input power of the thermoelectric refrigeration device according to these thresholds, the cold and hot energy of the system is effectively balanced, ensuring that the cold storage device can release cold energy in time when the temperature is too high, and the heat storage device can replenish heat when the temperature is too low. This sophisticated energy management not only improves the energy efficiency of the system, but also enhances the flexibility and stability of the system, providing a strong guarantee for the long-term and efficient operation of the hydrogen energy system.

[0067] As a specific implementation method, the adjustment of the input power of the thermoelectric cooling device also includes: when the demand for electrical energy and thermal energy increases, the air intake of the hydrogen fuel cell is increased, and at the same time, the input power of the thermoelectric cooling device is adjusted to cool down the air intake and body of the hydrogen fuel cell in advance.

[0068] In this embodiment, by cooling the air intake and body of the hydrogen fuel cell in advance, the response speed and energy efficiency of the system are significantly improved, ensuring the stable operation of the fuel cell under high load demand, while optimizing energy distribution and utilization, providing strong support for the flexibility and reliability of the hydrogen energy system.

[0069] The timely cooling and preheating measures of this embodiment can prevent the equipment from overheating or overcooling, thereby extending the service life of the hydrogen fuel cell and its related components. At the same time, through precise temperature control, it is possible to ensure that the hydrogen fuel cell operates within the optimal operating temperature range, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the system. By optimizing the temperature control strategy, the energy utilization efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell can be maximized and energy waste can be reduced. In addition, the temperature monitoring of the cold and heat storage devices enables the system to flexibly adjust the distribution and utilization of cold and heat under different working conditions, thereby improving the adaptability and flexibility of the system.

[0070] Embodiment 3

[0071] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the steps in the control method of a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system as described in the above-mentioned embodiment 2 are implemented.

[0072] Embodiment 4

[0073] This embodiment provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the steps in the control method of a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system as described in the above-mentioned embodiment 2 are implemented.

[0074] The steps or modules involved in the above embodiments 2 to 4 correspond to those in embodiment 1. For the specific implementation, please refer to the relevant description of embodiment 1. The term "computer-readable storage medium" should be understood as a single medium or multiple media including one or more instruction sets; it should also be understood to include any medium that can store, encode or carry an instruction set for execution by a processor and enable the processor to execute any method in the present invention.

[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system, characterized in that: It includes a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a heating branch and a cooling branch; The heating branch includes a first heating branch and a second heating branch; the first heating branch is composed of a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a heat exchanger and a hydrogen fuel cell, and is used to preheat the hydrogen fuel cell at the start; the second heating branch is composed of a thermoelectric refrigeration device and a heat storage device, and is used to recover heat; The cooling branch includes a first cooling branch, a second cooling branch and a third cooling branch; The first cooling branch is composed of a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a cold exchanger, a heat exchanger and a hydrogen fuel cell, and is used to cool the hydrogen fuel cell when the heat dissipation system fails; The second cooling branch is composed of a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a cold exchanger, an intake air compression device, and a hydrogen fuel cell, and is used to cool the intake air of the hydrogen fuel cell; The third cooling branch is composed of a thermoelectric refrigeration device, a cold exchanger and a cold storage device, and is used to recover cold energy.

2. A hydrogen fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoelectric refrigeration device comprises a hot end and a cold end. When current is passed through the hot end, heat is generated, while the cold end generates cold. The hot end and the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device respectively use coolant to take heat and cold out of the thermoelectric refrigeration device.

3. A hydrogen fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The cold exchanger includes a gas channel and a coolant channel; The inlet of the gas channel is connected to the outlet of the air intake compression device, and the outlet of the gas channel is connected to the fuel inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell; The inlet and outlet of the cooling liquid channel are both connected to the cold end of the thermoelectric cooling device, so as to realize the circulation flow of the cooling liquid between the thermoelectric cooling device and the cold exchanger.

4. A hydrogen fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger is used for heat exchange between the hot end coolant of the thermoelectric refrigeration device, the cold end coolant of the thermoelectric refrigeration device and the cooling water of the hydrogen fuel cell; It includes two coolant channels and a hydrogen fuel cell cooling water channel. The two coolant channels are connected to the hot end and the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device respectively, and the hydrogen fuel cell cooling water channel is connected to the bipolar plate of the hydrogen fuel cell.

5. A hydrogen fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The heat storage device is also connected to a hydrogen fuel cell for recovering waste heat.

6. A hydrogen fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The heat storage device is used to provide heat to the target user; the cold storage device is used to provide cold to the target user.

7. A hydrogen fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a power supply branch, which is composed of a thermoelectric cooling device, a power storage device and a hydrogen fuel cell, and is used to provide power input for the hydrogen fuel cell startup process; the power storage device is used to provide electricity to the target user.

8. A control method for a hydrogen fuel cell cooling, heating and power cogeneration system, characterized in that: include: Obtaining a hydrogen fuel cell start-up signal, increasing the hot-end coolant flow of the thermoelectric refrigeration device to preheat the hydrogen fuel cell, and increasing the cold-end coolant flow of the thermoelectric refrigeration device to cool down the gas compressed by the intake compression device; During the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell, the cooling water temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell is collected. If the cooling water temperature exceeds the preset alarm threshold, the coolant flow rate of the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration device is increased, and the coolant flows through the cold exchanger to cool down the hydrogen fuel cell body and its intake air temperature; The average temperature of the cold storage device and the heat storage device is collected. If the average temperature of the cold storage device is higher than the first preset temperature or the average temperature of the heat storage device is lower than the second preset temperature, the input power of the thermoelectric refrigeration device is increased, and the generated cold and heat are input into the cold storage and heat storage devices respectively.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by the processor, the steps of the control method of a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system as claimed in claim 8 are implemented.

10. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the steps in the control method of a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system as claimed in claim 8 are implemented.

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