Dynamic routing method and system for concentrator

Abstract

The invention discloses a concentrator dynamic routing method and system. The method comprises the following steps: storing an equipment code of each collector to a remote monitoring terminal; the concentrator obtains the equipment coding information of all collectors in the jurisdiction of the concentrator from the remote monitoring terminal; constructing a hierarchical routing network according to the broadcast response condition between the concentrator and the collector; and dynamically selecting a relay node for a lower-layer collector according to the communication quality evaluation score. According to the invention, all collector nodes can be automatically identified and layered, and a flexible and adjustable network topology is constructed; dynamically selecting an optimal relay node by adopting a comprehensive calculation method of multi-dimensional communication quality parameters; when a communication environment or an equipment state changes, automatic reconstruction of a hierarchical routing network and dynamic optimization of a relay node are supported. The method can effectively improve the communication efficiency and network stability between the concentrator and the collector, and is widely applied to the fields of intelligent meter reading, industrial control, environment monitoring and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent meter reading, and in particular relates to a concentrator dynamic routing method and system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and smart grid technologies, the communication needs of large-scale distributed devices are growing. In application scenarios such as smart meter reading systems, industrial automation, and environmental monitoring, efficient communication between concentrators and collectors is an important link in realizing data collection, transmission, and processing. However, the current communication network faces the following technical challenges in actual deployment: the number and distribution of collectors vary greatly in different application scenarios, and collector devices may be added, moved, or removed at any time. Due to environmental interference (such as building barriers, signal attenuation) and changes in device status (such as power outages or failures), the communication path and topology of the network need to be adjusted frequently. Traditional fixed routing methods are difficult to cope with dynamically changing network topologies. Once the communication path is interrupted due to equipment failure or interference, restoring communication requires manual intervention, which is inefficient. Fixed relays or relay selection methods based only on a single parameter (such as signal strength) cannot guarantee the optimal communication path, which may cause single-point overload or reduced network efficiency.

[0003] In response to the above problems, existing studies have proposed some dynamic routing methods, but there are still many limitations: the use of a predefined hierarchical structure cannot adapt to the dynamic changes in the number and location of collectors; the minimum hop path or maximum signal strength is used as the optimization goal, ignoring key factors such as communication delay and bit error rate; most existing methods require manual reconstruction when the network topology changes, making it difficult to achieve fully automated dynamic adjustment.

[0004] In applications such as smart meter reading, industrial control, and environmental monitoring, efficient communication between concentrators and collectors is the core to ensure stable operation of the system. However, with the dynamic changes in the number and distribution of devices, the problems exposed by traditional routing methods are becoming more and more obvious. These problems directly affect the accuracy of data collection, the real-time nature of communication, and the overall efficiency of the system. Summary of the invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a concentrator dynamic routing method and system, which realizes efficient and stable communication between the concentrator and the collector through dynamic construction of a hierarchical routing network and adaptive selection of relay nodes.

[0006] The technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: A concentrator dynamic routing method comprises the steps of: S1. Store the device code of each collector in the remote monitoring terminal; S2, the concentrator obtains the equipment code information of all collectors within its jurisdiction from the remote monitoring terminal; S3, the concentrator builds a hierarchical routing network by broadcasting messages and based on the responses of the collectors; S4. Dynamically select a relay node for the lower-layer collector based on the communication quality evaluation score with the upper-layer collector.

[0007] Further, step S3 includes: S301, the concentrator sends a broadcast message containing a device code to all collectors, identifies the collectors that can communicate directly based on the response information of the collectors, and defines them as the first-layer nodes; S302, for the collectors that cannot communicate directly, send broadcast messages through the first-layer nodes to identify the collectors that can communicate with the concentrator through the first-layer nodes and define them as second-layer nodes; S303: The concentrator uses the identified hierarchical nodes to send broadcast messages to unconnected collectors layer by layer until all collectors are included in the hierarchical network.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S4, for the lower layer collector in the hierarchical network, the best relay node is selected according to the communication quality between the lower layer collector and the upper layer node: S401, the lower layer collector broadcasts a heartbeat packet to communicate with the upper layer node; S402, the upper node returns a response message according to the received heartbeat packet and feeds back the communication parameters; S403: The lower-layer collector calculates the communication quality score according to the communication parameters, and selects the upper-layer node with the highest score as the relay node.

[0009] Furthermore, the communication parameters include bandwidth, delay, bit error rate, and signal strength, and the calculation formula of the communication quality score is: , In the formula, For the i The communication quality score of each upper-layer collector; is the bandwidth, which refers to the bandwidth between the lower layer collector and the i The maximum amount of data transmitted per second between upper-layer collectors; The delay refers to the transmission time from the lower node to the i The average time of the upper collector; is the bit error rate, which refers to the bit error rate between the lower node and the i The proportion of errors in data transmission between upper-layer collectors; is the signal strength, which means the lower layer collector receives the i The signal strength of the upper collector; , , , Get the maximum value of the corresponding parameters for the lower-level collector respectively. , , , is the weight coefficient.

[0010] Furthermore, when a new collector is added, the device code of the newly added collector is first stored in the remote monitoring terminal, and then the newly added collector broadcasts a heartbeat packet containing its own device code. If the collector or concentrator in the hierarchical routing network receives the heartbeat packet, it replies with a response message containing its own device code. The newly added collector obtains the communication parameters between each collector or concentrator according to the response message, calculates the communication quality score, and uses the collector with the highest communication quality score as a relay node. If the communication quality score between the collector and the concentrator is the highest, communication is established directly with the concentrator; the newly added collector determines its own level in the hierarchical routing network according to the selected relay node and synchronizes the information to the hierarchical routing network.

[0011] Preferably, for the lower layer collector, if the score deviation between the multiple upper layer collectors with the highest communication quality scores is less than a set allowable threshold, the upper layer collector with the least number of connected lower layer collectors is preferentially selected as the relay node from the multiple upper layer collectors.

[0012] Furthermore, if the maximum value of the communication quality score between a lower-layer collector and an upper-layer collector is less than the set reconstruction threshold, the hierarchical routing network is triggered to be reconstructed, and steps S3 to S4 are executed again. During the reconstruction process, the hierarchical structure of the hierarchical routing network and the selection of relay nodes are re-determined.

[0013] Furthermore, when an existing collector is abandoned, the device code of the abandoned collector is first deleted in the remote monitoring terminal and synchronized to the concentrator; at the same time, if the abandoned collector is an intermediate layer node, it will trigger the dynamic selection of relay nodes or the reconstruction of the hierarchical routing network.

[0014] Furthermore, when a collector fails, the concentrator will actively alarm and synchronize to the remote monitoring terminal because it cannot receive data from the faulty collector for a long time; at the same time, if the faulty collector is an intermediate layer node, it will trigger dynamic selection of relay nodes or reconstruction of the hierarchical routing network.

[0015] A dynamic routing system based on the above method includes a remote monitoring terminal and a concentrator connected in communication, and a plurality of collectors, and also includes: The collector registration module is used to register the collector with the remote monitoring terminal and synchronize the registration information to the concentrator, the registration information includes the device code; A hierarchical network construction module is used to construct a hierarchical routing network according to the communication between the concentrator and the collector, and divide the collectors under the jurisdiction of the concentrator into multiple layers of nodes by building them layer by layer; The relay node dynamic selection module is used to traverse the lower-layer collectors in real time, calculate the communication quality score by collecting communication parameters, and dynamically select the best upper-layer relay node for the lower-layer collectors; The network reconstruction module is used to monitor the communication status between the lower-layer collector and the upper-layer collector in real time. If the maximum value of the communication quality score between a lower-layer collector and an upper-layer collector is less than the set reconstruction threshold, the hierarchical network construction module is triggered to perform network reconstruction. The abandoned / fault adaptive module is used to delete the device code of the abandoned collector at the remote monitoring terminal and synchronize it to the concentrator when the existing collector is abandoned. At the same time, if the abandoned collector is an intermediate node, it will trigger the relay node dynamic selection module to perform dynamic selection of relay nodes or trigger the hierarchical network construction module to reconstruct the network; it is also used to actively alarm and synchronize to the remote monitoring terminal when a collector fails. At the same time, if the faulty collector is an intermediate node, it will trigger the relay node dynamic selection module to perform dynamic selection of relay nodes or trigger the hierarchical network construction module to reconstruct the network.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: Dynamic hierarchical routing network: Automatically identify and hierarchize all collector nodes to build a flexible and adjustable network topology. Multi-parameter comprehensive evaluation: Adopt a comprehensive calculation method of multi-dimensional communication quality parameters (bandwidth, delay, bit error rate, signal strength, etc.) to dynamically select the best relay node. Real-time adjustment and maintenance: Support automatic reconstruction of the hierarchical routing network and dynamic optimization of relay nodes when the communication environment or device status changes. Efficient scalability: Supports rapid deployment and flexible expansion of large-scale collector networks. The implementation of this solution will effectively improve the communication efficiency and network stability between the concentrator and the collector, and is widely used in fields such as smart meter reading, industrial control, and environmental monitoring, providing reliable technical support for distributed Internet of Things networks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a dynamic routing method flow chart provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the composition of dynamic routing system modules provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Embodiment 1 The existing intelligent meter reading system generally consists of four parts, including base meter, collector, concentrator and remote monitoring terminal. Among them, the collector is mainly responsible for the collection, processing and storage of information, such as the collection, processing and storage of electric energy from the electric energy meter, and reports the collected data to the concentrator. The concentrator is connected to multiple collectors, which are mainly responsible for automatically collecting the accumulated electric energy of each customer's electric energy meter according to the set reading interval. Efficient communication between the concentrator and the collector is the core to ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0021] This embodiment provides a concentrator dynamic routing method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method mainly includes the following steps: Step 1: Register the collector Collector registration is the basic step for dynamic routing of the concentrator, which aims to build a complete collector information base for the concentrator. Each collector is identified by its unique device code (such as MAC address, device ID or serial number), and these codes are stored in the remote monitoring terminal. The device code is used as the unique identifier of the collector to distinguish the identities of different collectors, and at the same time provides necessary support for the establishment and management of subsequent communications. Through this registration process, the concentrator can accurately grasp the complete information of the collectors under its jurisdiction, laying the foundation for dynamic routing and network maintenance.

[0022] Step 2: The concentrator obtains the collector registration information After the collector is registered, the concentrator obtains the registration information of all collectors under its jurisdiction through communication with the remote monitoring terminal. This process includes synchronizing the device code list and storing the identification data of the collector in the routing management module of the concentrator. With this information, the concentrator can build a complete view of the collector, which not only ensures the pertinence and efficiency of communication, but also provides a solid data foundation for the construction of a dynamic hierarchical network.

[0023] Step 3: Build a hierarchical routing network The construction of a hierarchical routing network is a key link to achieve efficient communication between the concentrator and the collectors. The concentrator first sends a broadcast message containing the device codes to all collectors. The collectors that receive the device codes and successfully reply are defined as the first-layer nodes, and these nodes can communicate directly with the concentrator. For the collectors that cannot communicate directly, the concentrator sends a relay broadcast to them through the first-layer nodes. The collectors that successfully reply are classified as the second-layer nodes. Next, the concentrator uses the identified hierarchical nodes to send broadcasts layer by layer to the unconnected collectors to ensure that all collectors are included in the network. Finally, each collector is assigned to an appropriate layer according to the number of hops and stability of the communication path with the concentrator.

[0024] Specifically, the concentrator sends a broadcast message containing the device codes of all collectors within its jurisdiction, or sequentially sends broadcast messages containing the device codes of the collectors to poll the collectors within its jurisdiction. If a collector receives a broadcast message containing its device code, it replies with an acknowledgment message to the concentrator. The concentrator records the received responses to find N collectors that can communicate directly with the concentrator and are within its jurisdiction, and takes these N collectors as the first-layer nodes. Suppose there are S collectors within the jurisdiction of the concentrator. At this time, if N = S, it means that all collectors within the jurisdiction of the concentrator can communicate directly with the concentrator without relay.

[0025] If N < S, then: The concentrator initiates broadcast polling through each collector in the first-layer nodes in turn. The broadcast polling contains the device codes of the remaining S - N collectors. Similarly, if a collector receives a broadcast message containing its device code, it replies with an acknowledgment message to the concentrator through the first-layer nodes. The concentrator records the received responses to find M collectors that can communicate with the concentrator through the first-layer nodes and are within its jurisdiction, and takes these M collectors as the second-layer nodes. At this time, if M = S - N, it means that the remaining collectors all belong to the second layer.

[0026] If M < S - N, then: The concentrator initiates broadcast polling through the collectors in the second-layer nodes in turn. The broadcast polling contains the device codes of the remaining S - N - M collectors. Similarly, if a collector receives a broadcast message containing its device code, it replies with an acknowledgment message to the concentrator through the second-layer nodes. The concentrator records the received responses to find P collectors that can communicate with the concentrator through the second-layer nodes and are within its jurisdiction, and takes these P collectors as the third-layer nodes. At this time, if P = S - N - M, it means that the remaining collectors all belong to the third layer.

[0027] If P < S - N - M, refer to the above steps and continue with broadcast polling and layering until all the collectors to be used are found. Ensure that the constructed hierarchical routing network includes all the collectors that the concentrator should manage, so that each collector can communicate with the concentrator directly or indirectly.

[0028] Step 4: Dynamic Selection and Optimization of Relay Nodes From the construction process of the hierarchical routing network, it can be seen that an upper-layer collector can usually communicate with multiple lower-layer collectors, and a lower-layer collector can also often communicate with the concentrator through the relay of multiple upper-layer collectors. To improve communication quality and balance network load, it is necessary to select an optimal relay node for the lower-layer collector. Therefore, this step introduces a dynamic relay node optimization mechanism. In this process, the lower-layer collector communicates with the upper-layer nodes by broadcasting heartbeat packets, calculates the communication quality scores with each upper-layer node based on the obtained communication parameters, and the node with the highest score is preferentially selected as the relay node. If the scores of multiple nodes are similar, the node load is further considered, and the node with lower load is selected to ensure network load balance. This optimization mechanism runs in real time or at set time intervals, dynamically adjusting the selection of relay nodes, which maximally guarantees communication quality and system stability. Specifically: S401. For the lower-layer collector, obtain the communication quality information with the upper-layer collectors through broadcasting respectively: The lower-layer collector broadcasts a heartbeat packet containing its own device code. After each upper-layer collector receives this heartbeat packet, it replies with an acknowledgment message containing its own device code. The lower-layer collector obtains and records the communication parameters with each upper-layer collector according to the acknowledgment message, including bandwidth, delay, bit error rate, signal strength, and load, etc.

[0029] S402. The lower-layer collector calculates the communication quality scores with each upper-layer collector according to the communication parameters: , In the formula, represents the communication quality score with the i th upper-layer collector; represents the bandwidth, which refers to the maximum amount of data transmitted per second (in Mbps) between the lower-layer collector and the i th upper-layer collector; represents the delay, which refers to the average time (in ms) for a packet to be transmitted from the lower-layer node to the i th upper-layer collector; represents the bit error rate, which refers to the proportion of data transmission errors between the lower-layer node and the i th upper-layer collector; represents the signal strength, which refers to the signal strength (in dBm) received by the lower-layer collector from the i th upper-layer collector; , , , The maximum values ​​of the corresponding parameters are obtained for the lower-level collectors, which are used for normalization. , , , are weight coefficients used to adjust the importance of different parameters. In this embodiment, they are set to 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1 respectively.

[0030] In step S401, if a certain upper layer collector does not respond to the lower layer collector within a limited time, the communication quality score of the upper layer collector is set to zero or the upper layer collector is directly ignored when selecting a relay node.

[0031] S403, use the upper collector with the highest communication quality score as the relay node of the lower collector. In some embodiments, considering the load problem of the relay node, if the score deviation between multiple upper collectors with higher scores is less than the set allowable threshold, the upper collector with fewer connected lower collectors is preferentially selected from the multiple upper collectors as the relay node, thereby ensuring the stability of the relay node.

[0032] The above is the main content of a dynamic routing method for a concentrator provided by this embodiment. Through the dynamic selection of hierarchical networks and relay nodes, stable communication between each collector and the concentrator is achieved. However, in a complex and changeable communication environment, the initial network layering is not always reliable. For example, changes in the communication environment may cause the communication between a collector that originally belonged to the first layer and the concentrator to become unreliable, while a collector that originally belonged to the second layer may be more suitable as a first-layer node at this time. Therefore, in order to cope with changes in the communication environment or fluctuations in the collector status, it is necessary to solve the problem of upgrading and degrading the collector in the hierarchical routing network and build a dynamic hierarchical routing network.

[0033] Because in the above-mentioned dynamic relay node optimization mechanism, the lower-layer collector can obtain the communication quality score between itself and each upper-layer collector. If the maximum value of the communication quality score between a lower-layer collector and an upper-layer collector is less than the set reconstruction threshold, the hierarchical routing network is triggered to be reconstructed, that is, steps three and four are executed again. During the reconstruction process, the hierarchical structure of the routing network and the selection of relay nodes will be re-determined.

[0034] When adding a new collector, it is first necessary to register and store the device code of the newly added collector in the remote monitoring terminal. Then the newly added collector broadcasts a heartbeat packet containing its own device code. If the collector or concentrator in the hierarchical routing network receives the heartbeat packet, it will reply with a response message containing its own device code. The newly added collector obtains the communication parameters between each collector or concentrator based on the response message, calculates the communication quality score, and uses the collector with the highest communication quality score as the relay node. If the communication quality score with the concentrator is the highest, it will directly establish communication with the concentrator. The newly added collector determines its own level in the hierarchical routing network based on the selected relay node and synchronizes the information to the hierarchical routing network. For example: if the selected relay node is a first-layer node, the newly added collector is a second-layer node; if it is directly connected to the concentrator, the newly added collector is a first-layer node.

[0035] When an existing collector is abandoned, it is necessary to first log out, delete the device code of the abandoned collector on the remote monitoring terminal and synchronize it to the concentrator. At the same time, if the abandoned collector is the bottom node in the hierarchical routing network, it will not affect the existing network. If the abandoned collector is an intermediate node, the above-mentioned node adaptive selection process or reconstruction process will be triggered.

[0036] When a collector fails, the concentrator will actively alarm and synchronize to the remote monitoring terminal because it cannot receive data from the faulty collector for a long time. At the same time, if the faulty collector is the lowest node in the hierarchical routing network, it will not affect the existing network. If the faulty collector is an intermediate node, the above node adaptive selection process or reconstruction process will also be triggered.

[0037] The dynamic routing method for concentrators provided in this embodiment realizes efficient and stable communication between the concentrator and the collector through the dynamic construction of a hierarchical network and the optimal selection of relay nodes. The system gives priority to high-quality paths with high bandwidth, low latency, and low bit error rate in path selection, reduces invalid broadcast communications, and effectively reduces network communication overhead. At the same time, through real-time dynamic adjustment, relay nodes can adapt to changes in the communication environment and always provide optimal support for lower-level collectors. In the event of high interference or node failure, the network can quickly recover and re-establish communication links, ensuring the continuity and stability of data transmission. The overall solution fully reflects efficiency, reliability, and flexibility, and provides a solid technical guarantee for complex IoT application scenarios.

[0038] Embodiment 2 Based on the above dynamic routing method, this embodiment provides a concentrator dynamic routing system, which aims to achieve efficient and stable communication between the concentrator and the collector, and improve the reliability and flexibility of the system through the construction of a hierarchical routing network and the dynamic selection of relay nodes.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the dynamic routing system mainly includes the following core functional modules: 1. Collector registration module The collector is registered through a unique device code (such as MAC address, device ID or serial number), and the registration information is stored in the remote monitoring terminal and synchronized to the concentrator. The device code provides identification information for the collector, which facilitates the concentrator to manage the collector in the future.

[0040] 2. Hierarchical Network Building Blocks The hierarchical network construction module constructs a hierarchical network according to the communication between the concentrator and the collector, divides the collector into multiple layers of nodes (such as the first layer, the second layer, etc.), and covers all collectors by building layer by layer.

[0041] 3. Relay node dynamic selection module It traverses the lower-layer collectors, dynamically calculates the communication quality score by collecting communication parameters (such as bandwidth, delay, bit error rate, and signal strength), and selects the best upper-layer relay node for the lower-layer collectors.

[0042] 4. Network reconstruction module The communication status between the lower-layer collector and the upper-layer collector is monitored in real time. If the maximum value of the communication quality score between a lower-layer collector and an upper-layer collector is less than the set reconstruction threshold, the hierarchical network construction module is triggered to perform network reconstruction.

[0043] 5. Deprecated / Faulty Adaptive Module When an existing collector is abandoned, the device code of the abandoned collector is deleted in the remote monitoring terminal and synchronized to the concentrator. At the same time, if the abandoned collector is an intermediate node, it will trigger the relay node dynamic selection module to dynamically select relay nodes or trigger the hierarchical network construction module to reconstruct the network. When a collector fails, it will actively alarm and synchronize to the remote monitoring terminal. At the same time, if the faulty collector is an intermediate node, it will trigger the relay node dynamic selection module to dynamically select relay nodes or trigger the hierarchical network construction module to reconstruct the network.

[0044] The above-mentioned product can execute the concentrator dynamic routing method described in Example 1, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the method. For technical details not described in detail in this embodiment, please refer to the detailed content of a concentrator dynamic routing method provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. Under the concept of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may also be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other changes in different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A concentrator dynamic routing method, characterized in that: Includes steps: S1. Store the device code of each collector in the remote monitoring terminal; S2, the concentrator obtains the equipment code information of all collectors within its jurisdiction from the remote monitoring terminal; S3, the concentrator builds a hierarchical routing network by broadcasting messages and based on the responses of the collectors; S4. Dynamically select a relay node for the lower-layer collector based on the communication quality evaluation score with the upper-layer collector.

2. A concentrator dynamic routing method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3 includes: S301, the concentrator sends a broadcast message containing a device code to all collectors, identifies the collectors that can communicate directly based on the response information of the collectors, and defines them as the first-layer nodes; S302, for the collectors that cannot communicate directly, send broadcast messages through the first-layer nodes to identify the collectors that can communicate with the concentrator through the first-layer nodes and define them as second-layer nodes; S303: The concentrator uses the identified hierarchical nodes to send broadcast messages to unconnected collectors layer by layer until all collectors are included in the hierarchical network.

3. A concentrator dynamic routing method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, for the lower layer collector in the hierarchical network, the best relay node is selected according to the communication quality between the lower layer collector and the upper layer node: S401, the lower layer collector broadcasts a heartbeat packet to communicate with the upper layer node; S402, the upper node returns a response message according to the received heartbeat packet and feeds back the communication parameters; S403: The lower-layer collector calculates the communication quality score according to the communication parameters, and selects the upper-layer node with the highest score as the relay node.

4. A concentrator dynamic routing method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The communication parameters include bandwidth, delay, bit error rate, and signal strength. The calculation formula for the communication quality score is: ， In the formula, For the i The communication quality score of each upper-layer collector; is the bandwidth, which refers to the bandwidth between the lower layer collector and the i The maximum amount of data transmitted per second between upper-layer collectors; The delay refers to the transmission time from the lower node to the i The average time of the upper collector; is the bit error rate, which refers to the bit error rate between the lower node and the i The proportion of errors in data transmission between upper-layer collectors; is the signal strength, which means the lower layer collector receives the i The signal strength of the upper collector; , , , Get the maximum value of the corresponding parameters for the lower-level collector respectively. , , , is the weight coefficient.

5. A concentrator dynamic routing method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: When a new collector is added, the device code of the newly added collector is first stored in the remote monitoring terminal, and then the newly added collector broadcasts a heartbeat packet containing its own device code. If the collector or concentrator in the hierarchical routing network receives the heartbeat packet, it replies with a response message containing its own device code. The newly added collector obtains the communication parameters with each collector or concentrator according to the response message, calculates the communication quality score, and uses the collector with the highest communication quality score as a relay node. If the communication quality score with the concentrator is the highest, it directly establishes communication with the concentrator; The newly added collector determines its own level in the hierarchical routing network according to the selected relay node and synchronizes information to the hierarchical routing network.

6. A concentrator dynamic routing method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: For the lower layer collector, if the score deviation between the multiple upper layer collectors with the highest communication quality scores is less than the set allowable threshold, the upper layer collector with the least number of connected lower layer collectors is preferentially selected as the relay node from the multiple upper layer collectors.

7. A concentrator dynamic routing method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: If the maximum value of the communication quality score between a lower-layer collector and an upper-layer collector is less than the set reconstruction threshold, the hierarchical routing network is triggered to be reconstructed, and steps S3 to S4 are executed again. During the reconstruction process, the hierarchical structure of the hierarchical routing network and the selection of relay nodes are re-determined.

8. A concentrator dynamic routing method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: When an existing collector is abandoned, the device code of the abandoned collector is first deleted in the remote monitoring terminal and synchronized to the concentrator; at the same time, if the abandoned collector is an intermediate layer node, it will trigger the dynamic selection of relay nodes or the reconstruction of the hierarchical routing network.

9. A concentrator dynamic routing method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: When a collector fails, the concentrator will actively alarm and synchronize to the remote monitoring terminal because it cannot receive data from the faulty collector for a long time; at the same time, if the faulty collector is an intermediate layer node, it will trigger the dynamic selection of relay nodes or the reconstruction of the hierarchical routing network.

10. A dynamic routing system based on the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a remote monitoring terminal and a concentrator connected in communication, and a plurality of collectors, characterized in that: Also includes: The collector registration module is used to register the collector with the remote monitoring terminal and synchronize the registration information to the concentrator, the registration information includes the device code; A hierarchical network construction module is used to construct a hierarchical routing network according to the communication between the concentrator and the collector, and divide the collectors under the jurisdiction of the concentrator into multiple layers of nodes by building them layer by layer; The relay node dynamic selection module is used to traverse the lower-layer collectors in real time, calculate the communication quality score by collecting communication parameters, and dynamically select the best upper-layer relay node for the lower-layer collectors; The network reconstruction module is used to monitor the communication status between the lower-layer collector and the upper-layer collector in real time. If the maximum value of the communication quality score between a lower-layer collector and an upper-layer collector is less than the set reconstruction threshold, the hierarchical network construction module is triggered to perform network reconstruction. The abandoned / fault adaptive module is used to delete the device code of the abandoned collector at the remote monitoring terminal and synchronize it to the concentrator when the existing collector is abandoned. At the same time, if the abandoned collector is an intermediate node, it will trigger the relay node dynamic selection module to perform dynamic selection of relay nodes or trigger the hierarchical network construction module to reconstruct the network; it is also used to actively alarm and synchronize to the remote monitoring terminal when a collector fails. At the same time, if the faulty collector is an intermediate node, it will trigger the relay node dynamic selection module to perform dynamic selection of relay nodes or trigger the hierarchical network construction module to reconstruct the network.

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