Hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method, hydrogen internal combustion engine and vehicle

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel hydrogen internal combustion engines, and more particularly to a safety control method for hydrogen internal combustion engines. The safety control method for a hydrogen internal combustion engine comprises the following steps: obtaining a first hydrogen concentration value in a crankcase, and executing a preset control logic based on whether the first hydrogen concentration value is within a preset range. According to the safety control method for a hydrogen internal combustion engine of the present invention, by obtaining a first hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase in real time and executing corresponding control logic based on whether the concentration value is within a preset safety range, safety hazards caused by cylinder scuffing are effectively prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel hydrogen internal combustion engines, and in particular to a safety control method for hydrogen internal combustion engines. Background Art

[0002] As a zero-carbon emission power system, hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines have broad development prospects in the future transportation sector, especially in road vehicles and off-road applications. However, compared with traditional fuel-fired internal combustion engines, hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines face some unique challenges in operation. Because hydrogen has a wide range of explosive limits (4.0% to 75.6%), hydrogen leakage and accumulation in hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines may pose serious safety hazards.

[0003] In particular, in the crankcase of a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine, if the first hydrogen concentration increases due to problems such as piston ring wear, deformation, or cylinder scuffing, there is a risk of explosion. Traditional internal combustion engines typically rely on an oil-gas separator to control the gas concentration in the crankcase, but in hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines, conventional control methods may not be sufficient to cope with sudden hydrogen leaks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least solve the problem of how to deal with an excessively high first hydrogen concentration in the crankcase during operation of a hydrogen internal combustion engine. This objective is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A first aspect of the present invention provides a safety control method for a hydrogen internal combustion engine, comprising the following steps:

[0006] obtaining a first hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase;

[0007] According to the first hydrogen concentration value being within a preset range, a preset control logic is executed.

[0008] According to the hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method of the present invention, by obtaining the first hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase in real time and executing the corresponding control logic according to whether the concentration value is within a preset safety range, the safety hazards caused by cylinder scuffing failures are effectively prevented. Specifically, through the hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method of the present invention, the first hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase can be continuously monitored during the operation of the hydrogen internal combustion engine, and hydrogen leaks caused by failures such as cylinder scuffing due to piston ring wear or deformation can be detected in time. When the first hydrogen concentration value exceeds the safety range, the hydrogen internal combustion engine can automatically take appropriate protective measures, such as adjusting the working state of the oil-gas separator, reducing or stopping the injection of hydrogen, or even shutting down for maintenance, thereby avoiding safety accidents such as explosions caused by excessively high first hydrogen concentration values. The hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method not only improves the operating safety of hydrogen fuel internal combustion engines, but also can extend the service life of hydrogen internal combustion engines, reduce economic losses caused by mechanical failures, and has significant industrial application value.

[0009] In addition, the hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method according to the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, executing a preset control logic according to the first hydrogen concentration value being within a preset range includes:

[0011] The preset range of the first hydrogen concentration value is less than or equal to a first preset value, and the preset control logic is that the hydrogen internal combustion engine maintains an original working state.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, executing a preset control logic according to the first hydrogen concentration value being within a preset range includes:

[0013] The preset range of the first hydrogen concentration value is greater than a first preset value and less than or equal to a second preset value, and the preset control logic is to increase the rotation speed of the oil-gas separator.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the preset range of the first hydrogen concentration value is greater than the first preset value and less than or equal to the second preset value, the preset control logic further includes the following steps after the step of increasing the speed of the oil-gas separator:

[0015] If the first hydrogen concentration value continues to rise to within a preset range greater than the second preset value and less than or equal to the third preset value, the preset control logic is to cut off the hydrogen injection and shut down the machine for maintenance.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the preset range of the first hydrogen concentration value is greater than the first preset value and less than or equal to the second preset value, the preset control logic further includes the following steps after the step of increasing the speed of the oil-gas separator:

[0017] If the first hydrogen concentration value drops to less than or equal to a first preset value, the preset control logic is to reduce the rotation speed of the oil-gas separator.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, before the step of executing a preset control logic according to the first hydrogen concentration value being within a preset range, the method further includes:

[0019] After a preset time, obtaining a second hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase again;

[0020] determining whether a difference between the second hydrogen concentration value and the first hydrogen concentration value is greater than a preset threshold;

[0021] According to the difference being greater than the preset threshold, the hydrogen injection is cut off and the machine is shut down for maintenance.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, the preset time is within 2s-3s, and the preset threshold is 5000ppm.

[0023] A second aspect of the present invention provides a hydrogen internal combustion engine for implementing the above-mentioned hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method, comprising:

[0024] combustion chamber;

[0025] a crankcase, the crankcase being arranged below the combustion chamber;

[0026] a hydrogen concentration sensor, the hydrogen concentration sensor being disposed in the crankcase;

[0027] an oil-gas separator, the oil-gas separator being in communication with an outlet of the crankcase;

[0028] a fuel injection device, the fuel injection device comprising at least one injector, an injection port of the injector being in communication with the combustion chamber, for injecting hydrogen into the combustion chamber;

[0029] A control device is electrically connected to the hydrogen concentration sensor, the oil-gas separator and the injector respectively.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, the control device is an ECU (on-board control unit).

[0031] A third aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle comprising the above-mentioned hydrogen internal combustion engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. The same reference numerals are used throughout the accompanying drawings to denote the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 A first flow chart of a hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown;

[0034] Figure 2 A second flow chart schematically illustrates a method for safety control of a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 The figure schematically shows the structure of a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0037] 10. Combustion chamber; 20. Crankcase; 30. Hydrogen concentration sensor; 40. Oil-gas separator; 50. Fuel injection device; 60. Control device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0039] It should be understood that the terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific example embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "one", "an" and "said" as used herein may also be meant to include plural forms. The terms "comprise", "include", "contain" and "have" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements and / or parts, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, parts, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring them to be performed in the specific order described or illustrated, unless the order of execution is clearly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0040] Although the terms first, second, third, etc. can be used in the text to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms can only be used to distinguish an element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, terms such as "first", "second" and other numerical terms do not imply order or sequence when used in the text. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below can be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teaching of the example embodiments.

[0041] For ease of description, spatially relative terms may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to another element or feature as shown in the figures, such as "inside," "outside," "inside," "outside," "below," "beneath," "above," and the like. Such spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is flipped over, an element described as "below" or "beneath" another element or feature would then be oriented "above" or "above" the other element or feature. Thus, the example term "below" can encompass both above and below orientations.

[0042] Before explaining the safety control method of hydrogen internal combustion engine, Figure 3As shown, let's first talk about a hydrogen internal combustion engine provided by this embodiment, which is used to implement a hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method. The hydrogen internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber 10, a crankcase 20, a hydrogen concentration sensor 30, an oil-gas separator 40, a fuel injection device 50 and a control device 60, wherein the crankcase 20 is arranged below the combustion chamber 10 (for accommodating the crankshaft and providing lubricating oil for the moving parts of the hydrogen internal combustion engine. At the same time, hydrogen leakage may occur inside the crankcase 20 due to wear or failure of the piston ring), the hydrogen concentration sensor 30 is arranged in the crankcase 20, the oil-gas separator 40 is connected to the outlet of the crankcase 20, the fuel injection device 50 includes at least one injector, and the injection port of the injector is connected to the combustion chamber 10, for injecting hydrogen into the combustion chamber 10, and the control device 60 is electrically connected to the hydrogen concentration sensor 30, the oil-gas separator 40 and the injector, respectively. Specifically, the combustion chamber 10 is the core area where hydrogen fuel and air mix and undergo a combustion reaction, providing the internal combustion engine's power output. A hydrogen concentration sensor 30 is installed in the crankcase 20 and is used to monitor the hydrogen concentration in the crankcase 20 in real time. The hydrogen concentration sensor 30 transmits the detected hydrogen concentration data to the control device 60 to determine whether there is an abnormal hydrogen leak. The oil-gas separator 40 is connected to the outlet of the crankcase 20 and is responsible for separating the gas and oil mist in the crankcase 20. The separated hydrogen is discharged from the crankcase 20, reducing hydrogen accumulation in the crankcase 20 and avoiding safety hazards. The fuel injection device 50 includes at least one injector, the injection port of which is connected to the combustion chamber 10 and is used to accurately inject hydrogen into the combustion chamber 10 for combustion reaction. The injector controls the amount and timing of hydrogen injection via a control device 60 to ensure combustion efficiency under various engine operating conditions. The control device 60 is electrically connected to the hydrogen concentration sensor 30, the oil-gas separator 40, and the injector. Based on data from the hydrogen concentration sensor 30, it controls the operating status of the oil-gas separator 40 and the fuel injection device 50 in real time. If the hydrogen concentration in the crankcase 20 exceeds a preset range, the control device 60 automatically adjusts the speed of the oil-gas separator 40 or, if necessary, cuts off hydrogen injection and shuts down the engine to ensure safe engine operation.

[0043] Specifically, the control device 60 is an ECU.

[0044] Specifically, the control device 60 includes a storage medium for storing the hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method. The storage medium can be a solid state drive, flash memory, or other suitable storage device for long-term storage and access to the control logic and data of the hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0045] It should be noted that the hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method of this embodiment is a safety control method for a running hydrogen internal combustion engine. Therefore, before running the hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method, it is necessary to ensure that the hydrogen internal combustion engine is in operation.

[0046] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method is proposed, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Obtaining a first hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase 20;

[0048] According to the first hydrogen concentration value being within the preset range, the preset control logic is executed.

[0049] According to the hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method of the present invention, by obtaining the first hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase 20 in real time and executing the corresponding control logic according to whether the concentration value is within a preset safety range, the safety hazards caused by cylinder scuffing failures are effectively prevented. Specifically, through the hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method of the present invention, the first hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase 20 can be continuously monitored during the operation of the hydrogen internal combustion engine, and hydrogen leaks caused by failures such as cylinder scuffing due to piston ring wear or deformation can be detected in a timely manner. When the first hydrogen concentration value exceeds the safety range, the hydrogen internal combustion engine can automatically take appropriate protective measures, such as adjusting the working state of the oil-gas separator 40, reducing or stopping the injection of hydrogen, or even shutting down for maintenance, thereby avoiding safety accidents such as explosions caused by excessively high first hydrogen concentration values. This hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method not only improves the operating safety of hydrogen fuel internal combustion engines, but also can extend the service life of hydrogen internal combustion engines, reduce economic losses caused by mechanical failures, and has significant industrial application value.

[0050] In the safety control method for a hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine provided in some embodiments, the corresponding preset control logic is executed according to whether the first hydrogen concentration value is within a preset range. Specifically, when the detected first hydrogen concentration value is less than or equal to the first preset value (generally 20000ppm, i.e. 2%), the control device 60 determines that the first hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase 20 is within a safe range. At this time, the preset control logic is to maintain the original working state of the hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine without making any adjustments or interventions. Furthermore, when the first hydrogen concentration value is maintained below 20000ppm, the control device 60 will continue to monitor the first hydrogen concentration value to ensure that it is stable within a safe range. If the first hydrogen concentration value remains stable, the hydrogen internal combustion engine will continue to operate with the set parameters, ensuring power output while avoiding unnecessary shutdowns or adjustment operations. This can effectively improve the operating efficiency of the hydrogen internal combustion engine and reduce fuel consumption and operational instability caused by unnecessary intervention operations. This embodiment achieves precise control of the hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine by setting a preset safety range (≤20000ppm) for the first hydrogen concentration value and maintaining the original working state of the engine when the first hydrogen concentration value is within this range. When the concentration is at a safe level, the control device 60 does not intervene, effectively avoiding fluctuations in engine performance caused by frequent adjustments and ensuring the smooth operation of the engine. In addition, this embodiment can significantly reduce fuel consumption and mechanical wear caused by unnecessary control operations, thereby improving the economy and reliability of the engine. At the same time, by continuously monitoring the first hydrogen concentration value, it is possible to quickly respond to any potential concentration exceeding the standard, ensuring that the safe operation of the hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine can be maintained at any time, thereby greatly improving the safety and service life of the entire machine.

[0051] In some embodiments, in the safety control method for a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine of the present invention, when a first hydrogen concentration value within the crankcase 20 is detected to be within a preset range greater than 20,000 ppm and less than or equal to a second preset value (typically 35,000 ppm), the control device 60 executes corresponding preset control logic. Specifically, when the first hydrogen concentration value exceeds 20,000 ppm but remains within 35,000 ppm, the control device 60 determines that the first hydrogen concentration value has exceeded the normal safety range but has not yet reached a dangerous level. To this end, the control device 60 automatically increases the speed of the oil-gas separator 40 to accelerate the discharge of hydrogen from the crankcase 20, reduce the first hydrogen concentration value, and thus prevent further increase in concentration. In this embodiment, the speed adjustment of the oil-gas separator 40 is performed by the engine control unit 60 (ECU). Based on the real-time monitored first hydrogen concentration value data, the control device 60 precisely controls the speed of the oil-gas separator 40 to ensure that the first hydrogen concentration value is reduced to a safe range (≤20,000 ppm) in the shortest possible time. At the same time, the control device 60 will continue to monitor the first hydrogen concentration value to ensure the effectiveness of the adjustment measures. If the first hydrogen concentration value continues to decrease and returns to a safe range, the control device 60 will restore the original speed of the oil-gas separator 40 to maintain normal engine operation.

[0052] It is understood that in the safety control method for a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine, when a first hydrogen concentration value is detected to be greater than 20,000 ppm and less than or equal to 35,000 ppm, the control device 60 first reduces the first hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase 20 by increasing the speed of the oil-gas separator 40. However, if, after this measure is implemented, the first hydrogen concentration value continues to rise and enters a higher preset range, that is, greater than 35,000 ppm and less than or equal to a third preset value (generally 50,000 ppm), to prevent further hydrogen from entering the crankcase 20, the control device 60 will immediately cut off hydrogen injection and trigger the shutdown procedure of the hydrogen internal combustion engine, forcibly stopping the engine operation to avoid any further danger. By introducing this embodiment, when the first hydrogen concentration value continues to rise and enters the higher preset range of 35,000 ppm to 50,000 ppm, the system can quickly take more stringent countermeasures to ensure that the engine is safely shut down before the first hydrogen concentration value reaches a dangerous critical point. This measure greatly improves the response speed and safety of the system, and effectively prevents the risk of explosion or other major accidents caused by the first hydrogen concentration value being too high. In addition, this embodiment also ensures that when the first hydrogen concentration value exceeds the controllable range, the system can immediately take measures to cut off hydrogen injection and shut down to avoid any further hydrogen accumulation and combustion. This not only protects the safe operation of the hydrogen internal combustion engine, but also provides the necessary time for fault detection and repair, reducing equipment damage and downtime caused by faults. Ultimately, this embodiment significantly improves the safety and reliability of hydrogen internal combustion engines in high-risk situations, while extending the service life of the equipment.

[0053] It is understood that in another scenario, in the safety control method for a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine, when a first hydrogen concentration is detected to be greater than 20,000 ppm and less than or equal to 35,000 ppm, the control device 60 first reduces the first hydrogen concentration in the crankcase 20 by increasing the speed of the oil-gas separator 40. If, after a period of time, the first hydrogen concentration successfully decreases and returns to less than or equal to 20,000 ppm, it indicates that the first hydrogen concentration has returned to a safe range. At this point, the control device 60 gradually reduces the speed of the oil-gas separator 40, for example, to a normal operating speed of 1,000 RPM, to maintain normal operation of the hydrogen internal combustion engine, while continuing to monitor changes in the first hydrogen concentration. After the first hydrogen concentration drops below 20,000 ppm, the control device 60 will continue to monitor the first hydrogen concentration in the crankcase 20 to ensure that it remains within the safe range. If the first hydrogen concentration increases again, the control device 60 will re-implement the corresponding adjustment measures. Through this embodiment, the control device 60 can promptly reduce the speed of the oil-gas separator 40 and restore it to normal operation after the first hydrogen concentration value returns to a safe range (≤20000ppm). This design not only effectively saves energy, but also reduces mechanical wear of the equipment and extends the service life of the oil-gas separator 40. At the same time, this flexible speed adjustment mechanism ensures that after the first hydrogen concentration value drops to a safe level, the control device 60 will not continue to perform unnecessary high-intensity exhaust operations, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency of the hydrogen internal combustion engine. In addition, continuous concentration monitoring and timely response control measures further enhance the safety and reliability of the hydrogen internal combustion engine, ensuring that it can operate smoothly under various operating conditions and reducing fuel waste and operational instability caused by excessive intervention.

[0054] Specifically, in the hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method, determining a reasonable detection time interval is crucial to ensure real-time monitoring of changes in the first hydrogen concentration value. This detection time interval should be short enough to respond to changes in the first hydrogen concentration value in a timely manner, but not too frequent, resulting in unnecessary system load and resource consumption. In practical applications, the detection time interval of the first hydrogen concentration value is usually set to once per second, that is, a time interval of 1 second. First, a detection frequency of once per second can quickly capture any abnormal changes in the first hydrogen concentration value, especially when the first hydrogen concentration value rises or falls rapidly, which can ensure that the system responds in time and executes the corresponding control logic. Secondly, a detection time interval of 1 second is a reasonable balance point for the control device 60, which can provide sufficient detection accuracy without placing a significant burden on the performance of the control device 60.

[0055] Specifically, the rotation speed of the oil-gas separator 40 is a key parameter to ensure that the first hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase 20 can be maintained within a safe range. Among them, when the first hydrogen concentration value is less than or equal to 20,000 ppm, the rotation speed of the oil-gas separator 40 is 1,000 RPM (normal rotation speed). At this time, the first hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase 20 is within the safe range, and the oil-gas separator 40 maintains a normal operating state and does not require additional adjustment; when the first hydrogen concentration value is greater than 20,000 ppm and less than or equal to 25,000 ppm, the rotation speed of the oil-gas separator 40 is 1,500 RPM. At this time, it means that the first hydrogen concentration value slightly exceeds the safe range. The control device 60 begins to increase the rotation speed of the oil-gas separator 40 to accelerate the discharge of hydrogen in the crankcase 20 to prevent the concentration from further increasing. When the first hydrogen concentration value is greater than 25,000 ppm and less than or equal to 30,000 ppm, the rotation speed of the oil-gas separator 40 is 2,000 RPM. As the hydrogen concentration value further increases, the control device 60 needs to significantly increase the rotation speed of the oil-gas separator 40 to more quickly reduce the first hydrogen concentration value; when the first hydrogen concentration value is greater than 30,000 ppm and less than or equal to 35,000 ppm, the rotation speed of the oil-gas separator 40 is 2,500 RPM, which indicates that the first hydrogen concentration value is close to a dangerous level. The oil-gas separator 40 runs at a high speed to discharge the hydrogen in the crankcase 20 to the maximum extent to prevent the concentration from reaching a dangerous critical point; when the first hydrogen concentration value is greater than 35,000 ppm, the rotation speed of the oil-gas separator 40 is 3,000 RPM and the hydrogen injection is immediately stopped, which indicates that the first hydrogen concentration value has exceeded the safety range. The control device 60 immediately stops the hydrogen injection and shuts down the engine while adjusting the oil-gas separator 40 to the maximum speed to avoid serious accidents.

[0056] Furthermore, when the first hydrogen concentration in the crankcase 20 exceeds 35,000 ppm, the hydrogen internal combustion engine immediately stops hydrogen injection and executes a shutdown operation. In the initial stage after shutdown, the oil-gas separator 40 will continue to operate at 3,000 RPM to ensure rapid discharge of residual hydrogen in the crankcase 20. The duration of operation of the oil-gas separator 40 at maximum speed can be set to 3-5 minutes, the specific time being determined based on actual test results, to ensure that the first hydrogen concentration in the crankcase 20 falls below a safe range (≤ 20,000 ppm). During operation at maximum speed, the system continuously monitors the first hydrogen concentration in the crankcase 20. When the first hydrogen concentration drops below 20,000 ppm, the control device 60 gradually reduces the speed of the oil-gas separator 40, for example, by 500 RPM per minute until the speed drops to 1,000 RPM, and then maintains this speed for an additional 1-2 minutes to ensure that the concentration remains within a safe range. This embodiment ensures that hydrogen within the hydrogen internal combustion engine is completely exhausted by continuing to operate the oil-gas separator 40 after the engine is shut down, significantly reducing the safety risks caused by residual hydrogen. This control method maintains the oil-gas separator 40 at a high speed after hydrogen injection is stopped, and gradually reduces the speed until the first hydrogen concentration value stabilizes within a safe range, further improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0057] In some embodiments, before executing the preset control logic based on the first hydrogen concentration value being within a preset range, the step further includes: obtaining a second hydrogen concentration value within the crankcase 20 again after a preset time, determining whether the difference between the second hydrogen concentration value and the first hydrogen concentration value is greater than a preset threshold, and if the difference is greater than the preset threshold, cutting off hydrogen injection and shutting down the engine for maintenance. The control logic of this embodiment is that the control device 60 calculates the difference between the second hydrogen concentration value and the first hydrogen concentration value and determines whether this difference exceeds a preset threshold. If the difference is greater than the preset threshold, it means that the hydrogen concentration has increased rapidly in a short period of time, which indicates that there may be a rapid and large-scale hydrogen leakage. Even if the first hydrogen concentration value may be within a safe range (e.g., less than 20,000 ppm), this sudden change still indicates that a serious fault may have occurred in the hydrogen internal combustion engine. In this case, the control device 60 will immediately cut off hydrogen injection and execute a shutdown operation to prevent further hydrogen leakage or combustion. The control device 60 also issues an alarm, indicating that emergency maintenance is required to find and repair the fault that caused the rapid increase in hydrogen concentration. This embodiment enhances the safety control capability of the system during the operation of the hydrogen internal combustion engine by introducing secondary monitoring of the trend of changes in hydrogen concentration. Specifically, this embodiment not only focuses on whether the first hydrogen concentration value is within the safe range, but also pays attention to the rate of change of the concentration value in a short period of time. Even if the hydrogen concentration is within the safe range during the initial detection, if the concentration value rises rapidly in a short period of time, this usually indicates that there may be a more serious fault inside the system, such as piston ring damage or other problems that cause large-scale hydrogen leakage. By implementing this more rigorous detection and response mechanism, the control device 60 can promptly identify and process abnormal changes in hydrogen concentration, and effectively avoid explosions or other safety accidents caused by rapid accumulation of hydrogen. This solution significantly improves the safety and reliability of hydrogen internal combustion engines, especially when responding to sudden leakage incidents, it can ensure that the engine is shut down quickly and safely, prevent the fault from further deteriorating, and protect the safety of equipment and personnel.

[0058] It is understood that the preset time can be within 2-3 seconds, and the preset threshold is 5000 ppm. First, setting a 2-3 second interval enables the system to detect changes in hydrogen concentration in near real time. Hydrogen is a highly flammable and dangerous gas, especially in hydrogen internal combustion engines, where its explosive limits range widely. Therefore, performing secondary detection within a short period of time (2-3 seconds) can promptly detect a sharp increase in concentration due to leaks or other malfunctions, allowing for rapid response and preventing accidents. Second, selecting 5000 ppm as the preset threshold for concentration changes ensures sufficient detection accuracy for the system's sensitive response to changes in hydrogen concentration. The 5000 ppm threshold takes into account the potential hazards of hydrogen and the range of concentration fluctuations during normal engine operation. This value is sensitive enough to promptly issue an alarm and initiate a safety shutdown if hydrogen concentration begins to rise significantly. In summary, detecting a hydrogen concentration increase exceeding 5000 ppm within 2-3 seconds indicates a significant hydrogen leak within the hydrogen internal combustion engine. Such rapid and significant concentration changes are often a precursor to a major malfunction. By setting this time and threshold, the control device 60 can quickly make a judgment, cut off the hydrogen injection and shut down the machine to prevent explosions or other major safety accidents caused by excessive concentration.

[0059] It is understandable that in addition to the method of observing the preset threshold value, it also includes observing the slope of the hydrogen concentration curve. Under normal circumstances, the hydrogen concentration curve should be relatively stable, with a slope close to zero, that is, the rate of change of the hydrogen concentration is low. If the hydrogen concentration fluctuates significantly in a short period of time, the slope of the curve will increase significantly, showing a sharp rise or fall. The control device 60 sets a reasonable slope threshold to determine whether the change in hydrogen concentration is abnormal. If the slope of the curve is detected to exceed the threshold within a preset time (for example, within 2-3 seconds), the control device 60 will determine that the hydrogen concentration fluctuates greatly, and there may be a large amount of hydrogen leakage or other faults.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] In Example 1, when the first hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase 20 is detected to be less than or equal to 20,000 ppm, the system determines that the hydrogen concentration is within a safe range. The preset control logic at this time is:

[0062] Maintain the existing state: the hydrogen internal combustion engine will maintain the normal speed of the oil-gas separator 40 without performing additional adjustment operations, and the fuel injection device 50 and other engine components will remain in normal working state.

[0063] Continue monitoring: The control device 60 continues to monitor the hydrogen concentration in real time to ensure that it remains within a safe range. If there are any changes, the control device 60 will take further control measures based on the changes.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] In Example 2, when the first hydrogen concentration value detected in the crankcase 20 is greater than 20,000 ppm but less than or equal to 35,000 ppm, the control device 60 determines that the hydrogen concentration exceeds the normal safety range but has not yet reached a dangerous level. The preset control logic at this time is:

[0066] Increase the speed of the oil-gas separator 40: The system will increase the speed of the oil-gas separator 40 to accelerate the discharge of hydrogen in the crankcase 20, striving to reduce the hydrogen concentration to a safe range.

[0067] Continue monitoring: The control device 60 will continue to monitor the hydrogen concentration after adjusting the speed of the oil-gas separator 40 to ensure that it drops to a safe range. If the hydrogen concentration continues to rise, more stringent control measures will be implemented.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] Based on Example 2, after increasing the speed of the oil-gas separator 40, if the hydrogen concentration continues to rise to greater than 35,000 ppm but less than or equal to 50,000 ppm, the system will determine that the hydrogen concentration has reached a dangerous level. The preset control logic at this time is:

[0070] Cut off hydrogen injection: The control device 60 will immediately stop the hydrogen injection to prevent more hydrogen from entering the combustion chamber 10.

[0071] Shutdown operation: The control device 60 will trigger the engine shutdown, forcing it to stop running to avoid further safety risks.

[0072] Notify maintenance: The control device 60 issues an alarm to notify the operator to perform emergency maintenance to find and repair the fault that causes the abnormal increase in hydrogen concentration.

[0073] Example 4

[0074] Based on Example 2, when the hydrogen concentration is detected to be greater than 20,000 ppm and less than or equal to 35,000 ppm, the control device 60 reduces the hydrogen concentration to below 20,000 ppm by increasing the speed of the oil-gas separator 40. The preset control logic at this time is:

[0075] Lowering the rotation speed of the oil-gas separator 40: The control device 60 will gradually lower the rotation speed of the oil-gas separator 40 to restore it to a normal working state.

[0076] Continue monitoring: During the process of reducing the speed, the control device 60 continues to monitor the hydrogen concentration to ensure that it is stable within a safe range. If there is any change, the control device 60 will adjust it again.

[0077] Example 5

[0078] In Example 5, the control device 60 not only monitors the first hydrogen concentration value, but also obtains a second hydrogen concentration value at a set interval of 2-3 seconds and calculates the difference in concentration change between the two measurements. If the difference exceeds 5000 ppm, the control device 60 will execute the following preset control logic regardless of the range of the first hydrogen concentration value:

[0079] Cut off hydrogen injection: Control to stop hydrogen injection immediately to prevent further leakage of hydrogen.

[0080] Shutdown operation: The control device will trigger the engine shutdown to prevent the hydrogen concentration from continuing to rise rapidly and avoid safety accidents.

[0081] Notify maintenance: The control device 60 issues an alarm to prompt the operator to perform an emergency inspection to determine and repair the possible source of the fault.

[0082] This embodiment also provides a vehicle including the above-mentioned hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0083] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method, characterized in that: The steps include: obtaining a first hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase; According to the first hydrogen concentration value being within a preset range, a preset control logic is executed, wherein the preset control logic includes: The preset range of the first hydrogen concentration value is greater than the first preset value and less than or equal to the second preset value, and the preset control logic is to increase the speed of the oil-gas separator; If the first hydrogen concentration value continues to rise to a preset range greater than the second preset value and less than or equal to the third preset value, the preset control logic is to cut off the hydrogen injection and shut down for maintenance; Before the step of executing the preset control logic according to the first hydrogen concentration value being within the preset range, the method further includes: After a preset time, obtaining a second hydrogen concentration value in the crankcase again; determining whether a difference between the second hydrogen concentration value and the first hydrogen concentration value is greater than a preset threshold; According to the difference being greater than the preset threshold, the hydrogen injection is cut off and the machine is shut down for maintenance.

2. The hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the first hydrogen concentration value being within a preset range, executing the preset control logic further includes: The preset range of the first hydrogen concentration value is less than or equal to a first preset value, and the preset control logic is that the hydrogen internal combustion engine maintains an original working state.

3. The hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the preset range of the first hydrogen concentration value is greater than the first preset value and less than or equal to the second preset value, the preset control logic further includes the following steps after the step of increasing the rotation speed of the oil-gas separator: If the first hydrogen concentration value drops to less than or equal to a first preset value, the preset control logic is to reduce the rotation speed of the oil-gas separator.

4. The hydrogen internal combustion engine safety control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset time is within 2s-3s, and the preset threshold is 5000ppm.

5. A hydrogen internal combustion engine, characterized in that: A method for implementing the safety control method of a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: combustion chamber; a crankcase, the crankcase being arranged below the combustion chamber; a hydrogen concentration sensor, the hydrogen concentration sensor being disposed in the crankcase; an oil-gas separator, the oil-gas separator being in communication with an outlet of the crankcase; a fuel injection device, the fuel injection device comprising at least one injector, an injection port of the injector being in communication with the combustion chamber, for injecting hydrogen into the combustion chamber; A control device is electrically connected to the hydrogen concentration sensor, the oil-gas separator and the injector respectively.

6. A hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The control device is an ECU.

7. A vehicle, characterized in that: Comprising the hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 5 or 6.

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