Array microtube premix staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of gas turbine technology, and provides an array micro-tube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber, which comprises micro-tubes, a first feeding pipe, a second feeding pipe, a premixing cavity outer casing and a flame tube outer casing; the premixing cavity outer casing is sleeved on the outer side of the flame tube outer casing, a gap is left between the premixing cavity outer casing and the flame tube outer casing, a premixing cavity is arranged in the premixing cavity outer casing, and a plurality of micro-tubes are arranged side by side in the premixing cavity and extend into the flame tube outer casing; the micro-tube has oppositely arranged first air inlets and air outlets, and the outer side of the micro-tube is provided with a second air inlet; the first feeding pipe and the first air inlet are communicated, and the second feeding pipe and the gap are both communicated with the second air inlet. The array micro-tube form is adopted for combustion, the inlets of fuel, oxygen and working medium are independent of each other, high-efficiency combustion is realized through synchronous staging of oxygen and fuel, the mixing efficiency of working medium and hydrogen is improved through transverse injection of the working medium in the micro-tube, and the NOx emission of the combustion chamber is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas turbine technology, and more particularly to an array microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber. Background Technology

[0002] There are various design approaches for hydrogen fuel combustors in existing gas turbines, including micro-premixed combustion, micro-diffusion combustion, and dilution combustion. Among these, micro-diffusion combustion and dilution combustion struggle to control the hydrogen-oxygen mixing ratio. While they reduce NOx emissions to a certain extent, they fail to meet future low-emission requirements. Currently, mainstream gas turbine manufacturers employ micro-premixed combustion technology for hydrogen fuel combustors. This technology improves combustion efficiency and further reduces NOx emissions through thorough mixing of hydrogen and oxygen. However, it increases the risk of combustion instability and backfire, and the working fluid is limited to air, with no design considerations for inert gas working fluids. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides an arrayed microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber to solve the problem of incomplete combustion in existing hydrogen fuel combustion chambers.

[0004] The present invention provides an array microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber, comprising: microtubes, a first feed pipe, a second feed pipe, a premixing chamber outer casing, and a flame tube outer casing;

[0005] The premixing chamber outer casing is fitted onto the outer side of the flame tube outer casing, and a gap suitable for the entry of the working medium is left between the premixing chamber outer casing and the flame tube outer casing. A premixing chamber is provided inside the premixing chamber outer casing, and multiple microtubes are arranged side by side in the premixing chamber and extend into the flame tube outer casing. Each microtube has a first air inlet and an air outlet arranged opposite to each other, and a second air inlet is provided on the outer side of the microtube. The first feed pipe is connected to the first air inlet, and the second feed pipe and the gap are both connected to the second air inlet.

[0006] According to the present invention, an array microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber is provided, wherein multiple microtubes are divided into multiple isolated microtube groups by a separator. The first feed pipe includes multiple first branch feed pipes, each first branch feed pipe corresponding to each microtube group. The second feed pipe includes multiple second branch feed pipes, each second branch feed pipe corresponding to each microtube group.

[0007] According to the present invention, an array microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber is provided, wherein the partition includes a shell and a partition plate. The shell is disposed in the premixing chamber and includes a top wall and a side wall. One side of the partition plate is connected to the top wall, and the extension direction of the partition plate is the same as the extension direction of the side wall. The partition plate divides the interior of the shell into a plurality of isolated mounting cavities, and each mounting cavity is provided with a set of microtubes.

[0008] According to the present invention, an array microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber is provided, wherein the partition further includes a mounting plate, the mounting plate is disposed on the side wall and spaced apart from the top wall, the partition plate is disposed through the mounting plate, the mounting plate divides each mounting cavity into a first air inlet cavity and a mixing cavity, the mounting plate is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, each microtube in each microtube group is disposed in a corresponding mounting hole, and each first air inlet is connected to a corresponding first air inlet cavity; wherein each first branch feed pipe is connected to a corresponding first air inlet cavity, and each second branch feed pipe is connected to a corresponding mixing cavity.

[0009] According to the present invention, an array microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber is provided, wherein the partition further includes a flow equalization plate, the flow equalization plate is disposed on the side wall and spaced apart from the mounting plate, the partition plate is disposed through the flow equalization plate, the flow equalization plate divides each mixing chamber into a second air inlet chamber and a third air inlet chamber, the flow equalization plate is provided with a vent hole, the second air inlet chamber is connected to the third air inlet chamber through the vent hole, each second branch feed pipe is connected to the corresponding second air inlet chamber, each microtube in each microtube group is disposed through the flow equalization plate, and the second air inlet corresponds to the third air inlet chamber.

[0010] According to the present invention, an array of microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber is provided, wherein multiple microtubes are arranged in multiple rows in the circumferential direction, each row of microtubes is spirally arranged, and the number of microtubes in each row is different.

[0011] According to the present invention, an array microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber further includes a plurality of guide vanes, which are disposed between the premixed chamber outer casing and the flame tube outer casing, and the plurality of guide vanes are arranged sequentially along the circumferential direction of the flame tube outer casing.

[0012] According to the present invention, an array microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber is provided, wherein the microtube includes a first tube body and a second tube body, the first tube body is provided with a first air inlet and an injection port opposite to each other, one end of the first tube body provided with the injection port is inserted into the second tube body, the outer side of the second tube body is provided with a second air inlet, and the end of the second tube body away from the injection port is provided with an air outlet.

[0013] According to the present invention, an arrayed microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber has a second air inlet with a diameter of 0.2~1.0D, where D is the inner diameter of the microtube; and / or,

[0014] The sum of the geometric areas of the plurality of second air inlets is 0.5 to 1.5 times the area of ​​the microtube; and / or,

[0015] Multiple rows of second air inlets are provided along the length of the second pipe body, with 2 to 6 second air inlets in each row.

[0016] According to the present invention, an arrayed microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber is provided, wherein the diameter of the injection port is 0.5~2mm; and / or,

[0017] The air outlet is a contracted air outlet.

[0018] The array microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber provided by this invention uses an array of microtubes for combustion. The fuel, oxygen and working fluid inlets are independent. High-efficiency combustion is achieved over a wide operating range through synchronous staged oxygen and fuel. Furthermore, the lateral injection of the working fluid into the microtubes improves the mixing efficiency of the working fluid and hydrogen, thereby effectively reducing NOx emissions from the combustion chamber. As a result, the NOx emissions of this staged combustion chamber are less than or equal to 15 ppm. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the array microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A sectional view along the AA direction.

[0022] Figure 3This is the second schematic diagram of the array microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 BB-direction sectional view.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the microtube arrangement provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the microtube structure provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 CC-direction sectional view.

[0027] Figure label:

[0028] 1. Premixing chamber outer casing; 101. First premixing chamber outer casing; 102. Second premixing chamber outer casing; 111. Premixing chamber; 2. Flame tube outer casing; 3. Microtube; 31. First tube body; 311. Injector; 32. Second tube body; 321. Second air inlet; 322. Air outlet; 4. First feed pipe; 5. Second feed pipe; 6. Igniter; 7. Swirl; 8. Divider plate; 9. First combustion zone; 10. Second combustion zone; 11. Third combustion zone; 12. Fourth combustion zone; 13. Combustion stage; 14. Guide vane; 15. Gap. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0030] Gas turbines have a wide actual operating range. Existing staged combustors only stage the fuel, while combustion chambers with inert gas working fluids require simultaneous staged combustion of oxygen and fuel; otherwise, incomplete combustion may occur. Next-generation, more advanced gas turbines propose a recirculation method using inert gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc.) as the working fluid, offering higher recirculation efficiency. However, this necessitates ternary combustion in the combustion chamber within an inert gas environment, with fuel, oxygen, and working fluid entering the combustion chamber separately.

[0031] To solve the above problems, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the array microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of this embodiment includes: microtube 3, first feed pipe 4, second feed pipe 5, premixed chamber outer casing 1, and flame tube outer casing 2.

[0032] The premixing chamber outer casing 1 is fitted onto the outer side of the flame tube outer casing 2. A gap 15 is provided between the premixing chamber outer casing 1 and the flame tube outer casing 2 to facilitate the entry of the working fluid. Exemplarily, the premixing chamber outer casing 1 includes a first premixing chamber outer casing 101 and a second premixing chamber outer casing 102. The second premixing chamber outer casing 102 is fitted onto the outer side of the flame tube outer casing 2, and a portion of the flame tube outer casing 2 extends beyond the exterior of the second premixing chamber outer casing 102. That is, the length of the flame tube outer casing 2 is greater than the length of the second premixing chamber outer casing 102.

[0033] The first premixing chamber outer casing 101 contains a premixing chamber 111, and multiple microtubes 3 are arranged side by side in the premixing chamber 111 and extend into the flame tube outer casing 2. In practical applications, a fixing plate is provided inside the flame tube outer casing 2, and the ends of the multiple microtubes 3 can be inserted into the fixing plate.

[0034] Specifically, the microtube 3 has a first air inlet and an air outlet 322 arranged opposite to each other, and a second air inlet 321 is provided on the outer side of the microtube 3. The first feed pipe 4 is connected to the first air inlet, and the second feed pipe 5 and the gap 15 are both connected to the second air inlet 321. The first feed pipe 4 can be used to transport hydrogen fuel, and the second feed pipe 5 can be used to transport oxygen. The working fluid can enter the premixing chamber 111 through the gap 15, and then enter the second air inlet 321. That is to say, oxygen can be premixed with the working fluid. The premixed oxygen and working fluid are injected laterally into the microtube 3 from the second air inlet 321 on the microtube 3 for efficient mixing with hydrogen.

[0035] It should be noted that the array microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of the present invention can operate in an inert gas working environment (three components: fuel, oxygen, and inert gas working fluid) or a conventional air environment (two components: fuel and air).

[0036] It is particularly noteworthy that the arrayed microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber also includes an igniter 6 and a swirler 7, which are disposed within the arrayed microtubes 3, thus enabling the formation of a combustion stage 13 at the outlet 322.

[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, combustion is carried out in the form of an array of microtubes 3. The fuel, oxygen and working fluid are introduced independently. High-efficiency combustion is achieved in a wide range of operating conditions by synchronously staged oxygen and fuel. The lateral injection of working fluid into the microtubes 3 can improve the mixing efficiency of working fluid and hydrogen, thereby effectively reducing NOx emissions from the combustion chamber, so that the NOx emissions of the staged combustion chamber are less than or equal to 15 ppm.

[0038] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, multiple microtubes 3 are divided into several isolated microtube groups by separators. The first feed tube 4 includes multiple first branch feed tubes, each corresponding to one microtube group. The second feed tube 5 includes multiple second branch feed tubes, each corresponding to one microtube group. It should be noted that each microtube group may include 10 to 60 microtubes 3.

[0039] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, multiple microtubes 3 are divided into four isolated microtube groups by separators, thus forming a first combustion zone 9, a second combustion zone 10, a third combustion zone 11, and a fourth combustion zone 12. The first combustion zone 9 is located in the center, the second combustion zone 10 is located around the first combustion zone 9, and the third and fourth combustion zones 11 and 12 are located around the second combustion zone 10. The first feed pipe 4 includes four first branch feed pipes, each corresponding to one of the four microtube groups forming the four combustion zones. The second feed pipe 5 includes four second branch feed pipes, each corresponding to one of the four microtube groups forming the four combustion zones.

[0040] In other words, each microtube assembly is equipped with a corresponding first branch feed tube and a second branch feed tube. The first branch feed tube can be a one-to-two or one-to-three tube, etc., and there is no specific limitation here. The structure of the second branch feed tube is the same as that of the first branch feed tube, and will not be described in detail here.

[0041] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the separator includes a housing and a separator plate 8. The housing is disposed in the premixing chamber 111. The housing includes a top wall and a side wall. One side of the separator plate 8 is connected to the top wall. The extension direction of the separator plate 8 is the same as the extension direction of the side wall. The separator plate 8 divides the interior of the housing into multiple isolated mounting cavities. Each mounting cavity is provided with a set of microtubes.

[0042] It should be noted that the shell is open at one end, which ensures that the working fluid entering the premixing chamber 111 through the gap 15 can enter each mounting chamber and finally enter the second air inlet 321 of the corresponding microtube 3.

[0043] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the separator also includes a mounting plate, which is disposed on the side wall and spaced apart from the top wall. The separator 8 penetrates the mounting plate, dividing each mounting cavity into a first air inlet cavity and a mixing cavity. The mounting plate has multiple mounting holes, and each microtube 3 in each microtube group is disposed in a corresponding mounting hole, with each first air inlet communicating with its corresponding first air inlet cavity. Each first branch feed pipe communicates with its corresponding first air inlet cavity, and each second branch feed pipe communicates with its corresponding mixing cavity. It should be noted that the second air inlet 321 corresponds to the mixing cavity.

[0044] For example, the microtube assembly constituting the first combustion zone 9 includes ten microtubes 3, which are located in the same mounting cavity. Each of the ten microtubes 3 corresponds to one of the ten mounting holes, and the first air inlet of each of the ten microtubes 3 is connected to its corresponding first air intake chamber. Thus, a first branch feed pipe is connected to the first air intake chamber, and a second branch feed pipe is connected to the corresponding mixing chamber. It should be noted that the second branch feed pipe can sequentially penetrate the top wall and the mounting plate to extend into the corresponding mixing chamber.

[0045] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the separator also includes a flow equalizer, which is disposed on the side wall and spaced apart from the mounting plate. The separator 8 passes through the flow equalizer, which divides each mixing chamber into a second air inlet chamber and a third air inlet chamber. The flow equalizer is provided with a vent hole, and the second air inlet chamber is connected to the third air inlet chamber through the vent hole. Each second branch feed pipe is connected to the corresponding second air inlet chamber. Each microtube 3 in each microtube group passes through the flow equalizer, and the second air inlet 321 corresponds to the third air inlet chamber.

[0046] It should be noted that the second branch feed pipe can be sequentially installed through the top wall and the mounting plate to extend into the corresponding second air inlet chamber. Thus, oxygen can enter the third air inlet chamber through the vent hole and premix with the working fluid entering the third air inlet chamber. The premixed working fluid and oxygen then enter the microtube 3 through the second air inlet 321.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, multiple microtubes 3 are arranged in multiple rows in the circumferential direction, with each row of microtubes 3 arranged spirally, and the number of microtubes 3 in each row is different. The length of each microtube 3 can be different and can be selected according to actual needs.

[0048] It should be noted that the spacing between two adjacent microtubes 3 is 1.4~2.5D, and the outer diameter of the cyclone separator 7 of the pre-combustion stage in the first combustion zone 9 is 2~6D, where D is the inner diameter of the microtube 3.

[0049] In this embodiment of the invention, the array microtubes 3 suppress high-frequency combustion oscillations through a non-orthogonal spiral arrangement, thereby avoiding combustion instability.

[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, it also includes multiple guide vanes 14, which are disposed between the premixing chamber outer casing 1 and the flame tube outer casing 2, and are arranged sequentially along the circumferential direction of the flame tube outer casing 2.

[0051] It should be noted that multiple guide vanes 14 are provided between the second premixing chamber outer casing 102 and the flame tube outer casing 2. Thus, under the isolation effect of the guide vanes 14, the aforementioned gap 15 can be formed between the second premixing chamber outer casing 102 and the flame tube outer casing 2.

[0052] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the microtube 3 includes a first tube body 31 and a second tube body 32. The first tube body 31 is provided with a first air inlet and an injection port 311. One end of the first tube body 31 with the injection port 311 is inserted into the second tube body 32. The outer side of the second tube body 32 is provided with a second air inlet 321. The end of the second tube body 32 away from the injection port 311 is provided with an air outlet 322.

[0053] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the diameter of the second air inlet 321 is 0.2~1.0D, and the cross-sectional shape of the second air inlet 321 can be circular, where D is the inner diameter of the microtube 3, for example, D is the inner diameter of the second tube body 32 or the average of the sum of the inner diameters of the first tube body 31 and the second tube body 32.

[0054] In addition, when there are multiple second air inlets 321, the sum of the geometric areas of the multiple second air inlets 321 is 0.5 to 1.5 times the area of ​​the microtube 3 channel.

[0055] In addition, multiple rows of second air inlets 321 are provided along the length of the second pipe body 32, with 2 to 6 second air inlets 321 in each row. For example, 1 to 4 rows of second air inlets 321 are provided along the length of the second pipe body 32.

[0056] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the diameter of the injection port 311 is 0.5~2mm. For example, the diameter of the injection port 311 is 0.5mm, 1mm or 2mm.

[0057] Among them, the air outlet 322 is a contracted air outlet 322. That is to say, the contracted design at the outlet of the microtube 3 can avoid backfire.

[0058] As can be seen from the above, the array microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of this embodiment adopts a spiral arrangement structure of array microtubes 3, with hydrogen and oxygen being staged simultaneously. Furthermore, it can be divided into multiple working zones according to actual operating range requirements, achieving high combustion efficiency over a wide range and reducing NOx emissions from the combustion chamber. The effective area of ​​the pre-combustion stage is approximately 2-5 times that of a single microtube 3, satisfying the flow field characteristics required for ignition at lower hydrogen fuel flow rates and widening the ignition range. The outlet of each single microtube 3 adopts a contraction design to avoid backfire under the premise of complete combustion. The overall array microtubes 3 adopt a circumferentially non-uniform spiral arrangement, avoiding flame collision while suppressing the combustion instability of hydrogen fuel.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An arrayed microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber, characterized in that, include: Microtube, first feed tube, second feed tube, premix chamber outer casing, and flame tube outer casing; The premixing chamber outer casing is fitted onto the outer side of the flame tube outer casing, and a gap suitable for the entry of the working fluid is left between the premixing chamber outer casing and the flame tube outer casing. A premixing chamber is provided inside the premixing chamber outer casing, and multiple microtubes are arranged side by side in the premixing chamber and extend into the flame tube outer casing. Each microtube has a first air inlet and an air outlet arranged opposite to each other, and a second air inlet is provided on the outer side of the microtube. The first feed pipe is connected to the first air inlet, and the second feed pipe and the gap are both connected to the second air inlet. The multiple microtubes are divided into multiple isolated microtube groups by a separator. The first feed tube includes multiple first branch feed tubes, each of which corresponds to one of the microtube groups. The second feed tube includes multiple second branch feed tubes, each of which corresponds to one of the microtube groups. The separator includes a housing and a separator plate. The housing is disposed in the premixing chamber. The housing includes a top wall and a side wall. One side of the separator plate is connected to the top wall. The extension direction of the separator plate is the same as the extension direction of the side wall. The separator plate divides the interior of the housing into multiple isolated mounting cavities. Each mounting cavity is provided with a set of microtubes. The separator further includes a mounting plate, which is disposed on the side wall and spaced apart from the top wall. The separator extends through the mounting plate and divides each mounting cavity into a first air inlet cavity and a mixing cavity. The mounting plate has multiple mounting holes, and each microtube in each microtube group is disposed in a corresponding mounting hole. Each first air inlet is connected to a corresponding first air inlet cavity. Each first branch feed pipe is connected to a corresponding first air inlet cavity, and each second branch feed pipe is connected to a corresponding mixing cavity. The separator also includes a flow equalization plate, which is disposed on the side wall and spaced apart from the mounting plate. The separator penetrates the flow equalization plate and divides each mixing chamber into a second air inlet chamber and a third air inlet chamber. The flow equalization plate is provided with a vent hole. The second air inlet chamber is connected to the third air inlet chamber through the vent hole. Each second branch feed pipe is connected to the corresponding second air inlet chamber. Each microtube in each microtube group penetrates the flow equalization plate, and the second air inlet corresponds to the third air inlet chamber.

2. The arrayed microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microtubes are arranged in multiple rows in the circumferential direction, with each row of microtubes arranged in a spiral, and the number of microtubes in each row is different.

3. The arrayed microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes multiple guide vanes, which are disposed between the premixing chamber outer casing and the flame tube outer casing, and the multiple guide vanes are arranged sequentially along the circumferential direction of the flame tube outer casing.

4. The arrayed microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microtube includes a first tube body and a second tube body. The first tube body is provided with a first air inlet and an injection port. One end of the first tube body with the injection port is inserted into the second tube body. The outer side of the second tube body is provided with a second air inlet. The end of the second tube body away from the injection port is provided with an air outlet.

5. The arrayed microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber according to claim 4, characterized in that, The diameter of the second air inlet is 0.2–1.0D, where D is the inner diameter of the microtube; and / or, The sum of the geometric areas of the plurality of second air inlets is 0.5 to 1.5 times the area of ​​the microtube; and / or, Multiple rows of second air inlets are provided along the length of the second pipe body, with 2 to 6 second air inlets in each row.

6. The arrayed microtube premixed staged hydrogen fuel combustion chamber according to claim 4, characterized in that, The diameter of the injection nozzle is 0.5–2 mm; and / or, The air outlet is a contracted air outlet.

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