A cooling system for cooling high-temperature gases in a vacuum environment

Abstract

The present invention relates to a condenser and a cooling system, specifically to a condenser and a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment, and solves the technical problems that the heat exchange efficiency among the existing condenser, high-temperature steam, cooling water and load gas is relatively low, which causes a significant decrease in the ejecting capacity of the steam ejector, and the load gas cannot be normally sucked into the atmosphere, resulting in the inability to ensure the vacuum degree required for engine ignition. The condenser includes a condenser body, a gas distribution component and a plurality of cooling water spray heads; a water inlet is arranged on the condenser body, a drain outlet is arranged at the bottom, an exhaust port is arranged on the upper side wall, and an air inlet is arranged on the lower side wall; the gas distribution component is located between the air inlet and the exhaust port and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the condenser body; the cooling water spray heads are arranged on the spray head water supply pipeline. The cooling system of the present invention can effectively determine the heat exchange time of the condenser and improve the heat exchange effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a cooling system, and particularly to a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment. Background Art

[0002] As the meeting place of high-temperature steam, cooling water, and load gas in a steam ejector system, the heat transfer effect of the condenser directly affects the ejecting performance and operating efficiency of the steam ejector.

[0003] Existing condensers mostly use the direct water spraying method to cool high-temperature steam, with low heat transfer efficiency, poor cooling effect, and the temperature rise of cooling water and the temperature drop of high-temperature steam unable to reach the design values. Moreover, the height of the condenser is determined according to 4 to 6 times the diameter, lacking quantitative theoretical support.

[0004] Due to the low heat transfer efficiency of the condenser, the steam ejector is highly sensitive to the temperature of cooling water. When the ambient temperature is high in summer and the temperature of cooling water exceeds a certain value, the ejecting capacity of the steam ejector drops significantly, and the load gas cannot be normally sucked into the atmosphere, resulting in the inability to guarantee the vacuum degree required for engine ignition. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem that the existing condenser has low heat transfer efficiency among high-temperature steam, cooling water, and load gas, resulting in a significant drop in the ejecting capacity of the steam ejector, the inability to normally suck the load gas into the atmosphere, and the inability to guarantee the vacuum degree required for engine ignition, and to provide a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment, characterized in that: it includes a multi-stage condensation unit connected in sequence along the gas flow direction, as well as a water distributor and a water seal pool;

[0008] The water distributor is used to connect with an external cooling water source, and a cooling water flowmeter and an inlet main valve are sequentially arranged on the cooling water supply pipeline between the inlet of the water distributor and the external cooling water source along the water flow direction; an inlet bypass valve is arranged in parallel at both ends of the inlet main valve to balance the water pressure at both ends of the inlet main valve;

[0009] Each stage of the condensation unit includes an ejector and a condenser arranged in sequence along the gas flow direction; the condenser includes a condenser body, a gas distribution component, and multiple cooling water spray heads; an inlet for water is provided on the condenser body, a drain outlet is provided at the bottom, an exhaust port is provided on the upper side wall, and an air inlet is provided on the lower side wall; the gas distribution component is located between the air inlet and the exhaust port and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the condenser body; a spray head water supply pipeline is arranged inside the condenser body, and the spray head water supply pipeline is connected to an external cooling water device through the water inlet; the cooling water spray heads are arranged on the spray head water supply pipeline;

[0010] The outlet of the ejector is communicated with the air inlet of the corresponding condenser, and the exhaust port of the condenser is connected to the ejector inlet of the next stage of the condensation unit; the ejector of the first stage of the condensation unit is used to receive the motive steam of the generator and the load gas of the engine and form a steam-gas mixture; the exhaust port of the condenser of the last stage of the condensation unit is communicated with the atmosphere through an exhaust pipeline; the condenser is used to cool down and decelerate the steam-gas mixture and discharge the condensable part in the steam-gas mixture into the water seal pit;

[0011] The water inlet of the condenser is communicated with the outlet of the water distributor through a cooling water inlet pipeline, and a water supply valve and a water volume regulating valve are arranged on the cooling water inlet pipeline; the drain outlet of the condenser is connected to the water seal pit through a drain pipeline.

[0012] Furthermore, a vacuum compensation pipeline is also included and is arranged between the drain pipeline and the water seal pit.

[0013] Furthermore, the cooling water spray head includes a water supply cover plate, a fastener, a sealing gasket, and a cooling water injection head; the upper end of the water supply cover plate is communicated with the spray head water supply pipeline, the lower end is connected to the cooling water injection head through the fastener, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the lower end of the water supply cover plate and the cooling water injection head; a plurality of spray holes are arranged on the cooling water injection head.

[0014] Furthermore, the gas distribution component includes a first gas distribution component and a second gas distribution component; the ratio A1 / A of the flow area A1 of the first gas distribution component and the second gas distribution component to the cross-sectional area A of the condenser is greater than or equal to 0.7; the second gas distribution component has the same structure as the first gas distribution component, and both are grid structures or flat plate perforated structures.

[0015] Furthermore, the first gas distribution component includes a baffle and air flow holes uniformly arranged on the baffle; the cooling water spray head adopts an impact type water spray head; a plurality of cooling water spray heads are circumferentially and uniformly distributed in a Y shape along the central axis of the condenser body.

[0016] Furthermore, the diameter of the condenser body satisfies the following conditions:

[0017] D = (4 × Qz × Rg × T / P / v / π) 1 / 2

[0018] Where: D represents the diameter of the condenser body, in m; v represents the flow velocity of the steam-gas mixture, in m / s; Qz represents the flow rate of the steam-gas mixture inside the condenser body, in kg / s; Rg represents the gas constant of the steam-gas mixture inside the condenser body, in J / (kg·K); T represents the temperature of the steam-gas mixture inside the condenser body, in K; P represents the internal pressure of the condenser body, in Pa.

[0019] Further, the height of the condenser body satisfies the following conditions:

[0020] H = v × t

[0021] Where: H represents the height of the condenser body, in m; t represents the residence time of the steam-gas mixture inside the condenser body, in s.

[0022] Further, the number of cooling water spray nozzles and the diameter of the upper spray holes thereof are calculated by the following method:

[0023] 1.1. Calculate the cooling water quantity q by the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] Where: i represents the heat released per kilogram of motive steam, in kJ / kg; Q represents the flow rate of motive steam, in kg / h; G represents the flow rate of condensable steam in the sucked steam-gas mixture, in kg / h; Q' z4 represents the flow rate of condensable steam discharged from the condenser, in kg / h; k represents the correction coefficient for cooling water heat transfer; c p represents the specific heat capacity of cooling water, in kJ / kg / °C; Δt represents the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of cooling water, in °C;

[0026] 1.2. Determine the number n of cooling water spray nozzles in each layer of the condenser body through the following relationship:

[0027] 2 ≤ n / D ≤ 4;

[0028] 1.3. Determine the number m of layers of cooling water spray nozzles through the following relationship:

[0029] 0.05 ≤ m / H ≤ 0.2;

[0030] 1.4. Calculate the cooling water quantity q1 of a single cooling water spray nozzle in each layer by the following formula:

[0031] q1 = q / m / n;

[0032] 1.5. Calculate the cooling water volume q11 of each cooling water spray head according to the following formula:

[0033] q11 = q1 / z

[0034] Where: z is the number of spray holes on the cooling water spray head;

[0035] 1.6. Calculate the spray hole diameter d of the cooling water spray head according to the following formula:

[0036]

[0037] Where: C is the spray hole flow coefficient, a dimensionless number; △p is the spray hole pressure drop; ρ is the density of the cooling water.

[0038] Furthermore, the condensation unit is three - stage;

[0039] The water supply valve is a remotely controlled butterfly valve;

[0040] The inlet bypass valve is a butterfly valve or a ball valve;

[0041] The cooling water flowmeter is an electromagnetic flowmeter or an ultrasonic flowmeter;

[0042] The water volume regulating valve is a manual butterfly valve.

[0043] Advantages of the present invention:

[0044] 1. For the cooling system for high - temperature gas cooling in a vacuum environment of the present invention, by arranging a gas distribution component and a plurality of cooling water spray heads inside the condenser body, the heat - transfer contact surface between the steam - gas mixture and the cooling water is increased, and the heat - transfer efficiency is greatly improved.

[0045] 2. For the cooling system for high - temperature gas cooling in a vacuum environment of the present invention, a gas distribution component is arranged inside the condenser, and the gas flow of the steam - gas mixture passes through the gas distribution component and then mixes with the cooling water upward, so that the distribution uniformity of the steam - gas mixture entering the condenser in the cross - section of the condenser is greatly improved.

[0046] 3. For the cooling system for high - temperature gas cooling in a vacuum environment of the present invention, the cooling water spray heads are sprayed by the impact atomization method, which can reduce the droplet diameter of the cooling water, improve the heat - transfer coefficient, and reduce the energy consumption of the condenser.

[0047] 4. For the cooling system for high - temperature gas cooling in a vacuum environment of the present invention, the height of the condenser is calculated according to the residence time of the steam - gas mixture in the condenser. Compared with the traditional method for calculating the height of the condenser, it can effectively determine the heat - transfer time of the condenser and improve the heat - transfer effect.

[0048] 5. A cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to the present invention uses a condensation unit (i.e., an ejector and a condenser) to generate and maintain a vacuum environment and cool steam in the vacuum environment. During the cooling process, the high-temperature steam is cooled step by step, improving the energy efficiency of the ejector and reducing the size of the ejector. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a gas distribution component in an embodiment of a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling water spray head in an embodiment of a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of the bottom of a cooling water spray head in an embodiment of a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to the present invention;

[0054] Figure 6 FIG. is a schematic layout diagram of cooling water spray heads in an embodiment of a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to the present invention.

[0055] DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS:

[0056] 1 - water distributor, 2 - water supply valve, 3 - inlet main valve, 4 - inlet bypass valve, 5 - cooling water flowmeter, 6 - cooling water supply pipe, 7 - water volume regulating valve, 8 - condenser, 80 - condenser body, 81 - cooling water inlet pipe, 82 - exhaust port, 83 - gas distribution component, 831 - first gas distribution component, 8311 - air flow through hole, 8312 - baffle, 832 - second gas distribution component, 84 - cooling water spray head, 841 - water supply cover plate, 842 - fastener, 843 - sealing gasket, 844 - cooling water injection head, 85 - drainage pipe, 86 - vacuum compensation pipe, 87 - spray head water supply pipeline, 88 - air inlet, 9 - water seal pool, 10 - generator, 11 - ejector, 12 - engine, 13 - exhaust pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0057] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment includes a condenser body 80, a gas distribution component 83, and a plurality of cooling water spray nozzles 84; the condenser body 80 is provided with a water inlet, a drain port at the bottom, an exhaust port 82 on the upper side wall, and an air inlet 88 on the lower side wall; the gas distribution component 83 is located between the air inlet 88 and the exhaust port 82 and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the condenser body 80; a spray nozzle water supply pipeline 87 is arranged in the condenser body 80, and the spray nozzle water supply pipeline 87 is connected to an external cooling water device through the water inlet; the cooling water spray nozzles 84 are arranged on the spray nozzle water supply pipeline 87.

[0058] As Figure 2 shown in the figure, the gas distribution component 83 includes a first gas distribution component 8311 and a second gas distribution component 832; the first gas distribution component 8311 and the second gas distribution component 832 are fixedly connected to the inner wall surface of the condenser body 80, and the first gas distribution component 831 and the second gas distribution component 832 are used to distribute the airflow rising through the air inlet 88 to ensure the uniformity of the distribution of the load gas on the cross-section of the condenser 8.

[0059] As Figure 3 、 Figure 4 shown in the figure, the cooling water spray nozzle 84 includes a water supply cover plate 841, a fastener 842, a sealing gasket 843, and a cooling water injection head 844; the upper end of the water supply cover plate 841 is communicated with the spray nozzle water supply pipeline 87, the lower end is connected to the cooling water injection head 844 through the fastener 842, and a sealing gasket 843 is arranged between the lower end of the water supply cover plate 841 and the cooling water injection head 844; for better atomization, the cooling water injection head 844 is a convex surface structure, and a plurality of spray holes are arranged thereon, and the central axes of adjacent spray holes form an included angle.

[0060] The condenser 8 involved in the present invention is a direct contact condenser, which is used for direct contact heat exchange between a steam-gas mixture and cooling water to achieve the purpose of liquefying the gaseous water in the steam-gas mixture. The parameters (flow rate, temperature, composition, enthalpy, specific heat capacity, etc.) of the cooling object of the condenser 8 are clear. The cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment of the present invention is designed by the following method:

[0061] 1. Calculate the diameter D of the condenser by the following formula:

[0062] D = (4 × Qz × Rg × T / P / v / π) 1 / 2

[0063] In the formula:

[0064] D represents the diameter of the condenser body (80), and the unit is m;

[0065] v represents the flow velocity of the steam-gas mixture, and the unit is m / s;

[0066] $Q_z$ represents the flow rate of the internal steam-gas mixture in the condenser body 80, with the unit of kg / s;

[0067] $R_g$ represents the gas constant of the internal steam-gas mixture in the condenser body 80, with the unit of J / (kg·K);

[0068] $T$ represents the temperature of the internal steam-gas mixture in the condenser body 80, with the unit of K;

[0069] $P$ represents the internal pressure of the condenser body 80, with the unit of Pa.

[0070] 2. Calculate the height $H$ of the condenser through the following formula:

[0071] $H = v×t$

[0072] In the formula: $H$ represents the height of the column section of the condenser body 80, with the unit of m; $t$ represents the residence time of the steam-gas mixture in the condenser body 80, which is 2 s to 4 s; during the calculation of the height of the condenser body 80, to enhance the heat exchange effect, the residence time $t$ of the steam-gas mixture in the condenser body 80 is required to be greater than or equal to 1.5 s. Considering the construction difficulty and investment scale of the condenser 8, the residence time should not be greater than 4 s.

[0073] 3. Calculate the number of cooling water nozzles 84 and the diameter of their upper spray holes according to the diameter, height of the condenser body 80 and the cooling water flow rate, and complete the design of the cooling system 8 for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment. Specifically:

[0074] 3.1. The present invention modifies the cooling water calculation formula and adds a cooling water heat transfer correction coefficient $k$, rather than assuming that all the heat of the steam-gas mixture is absorbed by the cooling water. The modified calculation formula is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] In the formula: $i$ represents the heat released per kilogram of steam, which is obtained by referring to the steam property table according to the steam temperature, with the unit of kJ / kg;

[0077] $Q$ represents the motive steam flow rate, which is a known quantity for a specific ejector pump, with the unit of kg / h;

[0078] $G$ represents the flow rate of condensable steam in the suctioned steam-gas mixture, which is a known quantity for a specific ejector pump, with the unit of kg / h;

[0079] $Q'$ z4 represents the flow rate of condensable steam discharged from the condenser 8, which is obtained through calculation, with the unit of kg / h;

[0080] k represents the correction coefficient for heat exchange of cooling water, and is taken as 0.7 - 0.9 according to experience;

[0081] c p represents the specific heat capacity of cooling water, and is taken as 4190 kJ / kg / °C;

[0082] △t represents the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of cooling water, and the unit is °C;

[0083] Among them, the flow rate Q' of the condensable steam discharged from the condenser 8 is calculated according to the following formula z4 :

[0084]

[0085] Q k represents the content of non-condensable gas at the inlet 88 of the condenser 8, which is a known quantity, and the unit is kg / h;

[0086] p'4 represents the total pressure of the steam-gas mixture at the exhaust port 82 of the condenser 8, and is taken as the working pressure of the condenser 8, which is a known quantity, and the unit is kPa;

[0087] p' z4 represents the partial pressure of steam at the exhaust port 82 of the condenser 8, which is the saturated steam pressure obtained by looking up the temperature of the steam-gas mixture at the exhaust port 82 of the condenser 8, and is a known quantity, and the unit is kPa;

[0088] M K represents the relative molecular weight of the non-condensable gas at the exhaust port 82 of the condenser 8, which is a known quantity.

[0089] 3.2. Determine the number n of each layer of cooling water nozzles 84 in the condenser 8 according to the diameter D of the condenser 8 and the following relationship:

[0090] 2 ≤ n / D ≤ 4;

[0091] 3.3. Determine the number of layers m of the cooling water nozzles 84 in the condenser 8 through the following relationship:

[0092] 0.05 ≤ m / H ≤ 0.2

[0093] In the formula: m is the number of layers of the cooling water nozzles 84; H is the height of the condenser 8;

[0094] 3.4. Calculate the cooling water volume q1 of each cooling water nozzle 84 through the following formula:

[0095] q1 = q / m / n

[0096] In the formula: q1 is the cooling water volume of a single cooling water nozzle 84, and the unit is kg / s;

[0097] 3.5. Calculate the cooling water volume of each cooling water nozzle 84 through the following formula:

[0098] q11 = q1 / z

[0099] Where: q11 is the cooling water flow rate of each cooling water spray head 84, with the unit of kg / s; z is the number of spray holes on the cooling water spray head 84;

[0100] 3.6. Calculate the diameter d of the spray hole according to the following formula:

[0101]

[0102] Where: C is the spray hole flow coefficient, a dimensionless number, with a value range of 0.6 - 0.7; d is the diameter of the spray hole, with the unit of m; △p is the pressure drop across the spray hole, with the unit of MPa; ρ is the density of the cooling water, with a value of 1000 kg / m 3 。

[0103] As Figure 5 shown, a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment includes a multi-stage condensation unit connected in sequence along the gas flow direction, as well as a water distributor 1 and a water seal pool 9;

[0104] The water distributor 1 is used to connect to an external cooling water source, and a cooling water flow meter 5 and an inlet main valve 3 are sequentially arranged on the cooling water supply pipeline 6 between the inlet of the water distributor 1 and the external cooling water source along the water flow direction; an inlet bypass valve 4 is arranged in parallel at both ends of the inlet main valve 3 to balance the water pressure at both ends of the inlet main valve 3;

[0105] Each stage of the condensation unit includes an ejector 11 and the above-mentioned cooling system 8 for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment arranged in sequence along the gas flow direction; the outlet of the ejector 11 is communicated with the air inlet 88 of the corresponding condenser 8, and the exhaust port 82 of the condenser 8 is connected to the inlet of the ejector 11 of the next-stage condensation unit; the ejector 11 of the first-stage condensation unit is used to receive the motive steam of the generator 10 and the load gas of the engine 12 and form a steam-gas mixture; the exhaust port 82 of the condenser 8 of the last-stage condensation unit is communicated with the atmosphere through an exhaust pipeline 13; the condenser 8 is used to cool down and decelerate the steam-gas mixture and discharge the condensable part in the steam-gas mixture into the water seal pool;

[0106] The water inlet of the condenser 8 is connected to the outlet of the water distributor 1 through a cooling water inlet pipe 81. A water supply valve 2 and a water flow regulating valve 7 are provided on the cooling water inlet pipe 81. The drain outlet of the condenser 8 is connected to the water seal tank 9 through a drain pipe 85. A vacuum compensation pipe 86 is also provided between the drain pipe 85 and the water seal tank 9, where the total length L of the drain pipe 85 and the vacuum compensation pipe 86 is the distance between the drain outlet and the water surface of the water seal tank 9. The gas distribution component 83 is located between the air inlet 88 and the exhaust outlet 82 of the condenser 8 and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the condenser body 80. The cooling water spray head 84 is arranged on the spray head water supply pipeline 87 of the condenser body 80.

[0107] In this embodiment, the water distributor 1 is a columnar container with an elliptical head, and its volume is determined according to the water volume required by all condensers 8. The water supply valve 2 is a remotely controlled butterfly valve. The inlet main valve 3 is a butterfly valve used for opening and closing the water supply of the water distributor 1 and adjusting the total flow rate of all condensers 8. The inlet bypass valve 4 can be a butterfly valve and can also be a ball valve or other types of valves in other embodiments, and is used for balancing the pressure of the pipelines before and after the inlet main valve 3 of the condenser 8 before use. The cooling water flowmeter 5 is used to measure the total flow rate of all condensers 8, generally an electromagnetic flowmeter or an ultrasonic flowmeter. The cooling water supply pipeline 6 is used to supply cooling water to the water distributor 1, and its pipe diameter is determined by calculation based on the total cooling water volume. The water flow regulating valve 7 is a manual butterfly valve, and the water flow rate entering each condenser 8 is adjusted by the opening of the butterfly valve. Since the condenser 8 is in a vacuum environment during operation, a water seal tank 9 is provided to block the drain pipe 86 of the condenser 8. The generator 10 is used to supply motive steam that meets the usage requirements to the ejector 11.

[0108] The condensation unit consists of three-stage ejectors 11 + three-stage condensers 8. In the ejector 11, the motive steam and the load gas are entrained, pressurized, and decelerated. The outlet of the first-stage ejector is connected to the first-stage condenser, the outlet of the second-stage ejector is connected to the second-stage condenser, and the outlet of the third-stage ejector is connected to the third-stage condenser. The ejector 11 is used to suck in the load gas, and the load gas can be air, engine gas, or other gases. The ejector 11 has a relatively high vacuum degree, and is pressurized step by step through the ejector 11, and is pressurized to atmospheric pressure in the exhaust pipe 13 and discharged from the ejector 11 through the exhaust pipe 13.

[0109] Cooling water flows through two cooling water inlet pipes 81 on the condenser 8 and enters the condenser body 80. The cooling water enters from the top and exits from the bottom. The air inlet 88 of the condenser 8 is located at the lower end of the condenser 8. The load gas mixed with motive steam enters the air inlet 88 of the condenser 8. The load gas enters from the bottom and exits from the top. The drain pipe 86 of the condenser 8 is arranged at the bottom of the condenser 8. The cooling water entering the condenser 8 is discharged through the drain pipe 86. Since the condenser 8 is in a vacuum environment during the working process, a vacuum compensation pipe 7 and a water seal pool 9 are provided to block the drain pipe 86 of the condenser 8. The height of the vacuum compensation pipe 7 is determined by the pressure difference between the local atmospheric pressure and the inside of the condenser 8.

[0110] Both the first gas distribution component 8311 and the second gas distribution component 832 can adopt a large-gap grid structure or a flat plate with holes structure. The first gas distribution component 8311 and the second gas distribution component 832 arranged inside the condenser 8 can achieve the following purposes: First, reduce the velocity of the steam-gas mixture and extend the heat exchange time; Second, force the steam-gas mixture to be more evenly distributed on the cross-section of the condenser 8, ensuring the uniformity of the cooling water temperature rise on the cross-section of the condenser 8, so as to avoid the situation that some cooling water has reached the saturation steam temperature under the vacuum pressure of the condenser 8 and cannot continue to achieve the cooling effect, while the cooling water temperature on another part of the cross-section is still at a relatively low level. The ratio A1 / A of the flow area A1 of the first gas distribution component 8311 and the second gas distribution component 832 to the cross-sectional area A of the condenser 8 should be greater than or equal to 0.7.

[0111] As Figure 6 shown, in this embodiment, the cooling water nozzles 84 are arranged circumferentially along the central axis of the condenser body 80 in a Y shape. After the cooling water is atomized by the cooling water nozzles 84, it exchanges heat with the gas entering the condenser 8. The traditional cooling water nozzles 84 are in the form of straight-hole direct injection, and the sprayed cooling water is in the form of a liquid column. The mixing effect of the high-temperature steam-gas mixture and the cooling water is poor. Therefore, the theoretically calculated cooling water temperature rise cannot reach the preset value, and the steam temperature drop cannot reach the preset value, resulting in a low heat exchange efficiency. In this embodiment, the cooling water nozzles 84 adopt impact water nozzles, and their impact method realizes the forced atomization of the cooling water, making the sprayed cooling water disperse in the form of liquid droplets, greatly increasing the contact area between the cooling water and the steam-gas mixture, and improving the heat transfer coefficient.

[0112] The specific working process of opening the condenser 8 is as follows: First, adjust the opening degree of the water flow regulating valve 7 to adjust the amount of water entering the three-stage condenser 8 through the water flow regulating valve 7. Keep the water supply valve 2 closed and open the inlet bypass valve 4. When the pressures before and after the inlet main valve 3 are balanced, open the inlet main valve 3. At this time, the cooling water is supplied to the water distributor 1. Open the water flow regulating valve 7 of the first-stage condenser to an angle and record the opening degree. When adjusting, open the water supply valve 2 one by one to ensure that the amount of water entering each stage of the condenser meets the preset value.

Claims

1. A cooling system for cooling high-temperature gases in a vacuum environment, characterized in that: It includes multiple-stage condensation units connected in sequence along the gas flow direction, as well as a water distributor (1) and a water seal pool (9); The water distributor (1) is used to connect to an external cooling water source, and a cooling water flowmeter (5) and an inlet main valve (3) are sequentially arranged on the cooling water supply pipeline (6) between the inlet of the water distributor (1) and the external cooling water source along the water flow direction; an inlet bypass valve (4) is arranged in parallel at both ends of the inlet main valve (3) to balance the water pressure at both ends of the inlet main valve (3); Each stage of the condensation unit includes an ejector (11) and a condenser (8) arranged in sequence along the gas flow direction; the condenser (8) includes a condenser body (80), a gas distribution component (83), and multiple cooling water spray heads (84); a water inlet is arranged on the condenser body (80), a drain outlet is arranged at the bottom, an exhaust port (82) is arranged on the upper side wall at the upper end, and an air inlet (88) is arranged on the lower side wall at the lower end; the gas distribution component (83) is located between the air inlet (88) and the exhaust port (82) and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the condenser body (80); a spray head water supply pipeline (87) is arranged in the condenser body (80), and the spray head water supply pipeline (87) is connected to an external cooling water device through the water inlet; the cooling water spray heads (84) are arranged on the spray head water supply pipeline (87); The outlet of the ejector (11) is communicated with the air inlet (88) of the corresponding condenser (8), and the exhaust port (82) of the condenser (8) is connected to the inlet of the ejector (11) of the next-stage condensation unit; the ejector (11) of the first-stage condensation unit is used to receive the motive steam of the generator (10) and the load gas of the engine (12) and form a steam-gas mixture; the exhaust port (82) of the condenser (8) of the last-stage condensation unit is communicated with the atmosphere through an exhaust pipeline (13); the condenser (8) is used to cool down and decelerate the steam-gas mixture and discharge the condensable part in the steam-gas mixture into the water seal pool (9); The water inlet of the condenser (8) is communicated with the outlet of the water distributor (1) through a cooling water inlet pipeline (81), and a water supply valve (2) and a water volume regulating valve (7) are arranged on the cooling water inlet pipeline (81); the drain outlet of the condenser (8) is connected to the water seal pool (9) through a drain pipeline (85).

2. The cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a vacuum compensation pipeline (86) arranged between the drain pipeline (85) and the water seal pool (9).

3. The cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling water spray head (84) includes a water supply cover plate (841), a fastener (842), a sealing gasket (843), and a cooling water injection head (844); The upper end of the water supply cover plate (841) is communicated with the spray head water supply pipeline (87), the lower end is connected to the cooling water injection head (844) through the fastener (842), and a sealing gasket (843) is arranged between the lower end of the water supply cover plate (841) and the cooling water injection head (844); A plurality of spray holes are provided on the cooling water injection head (844).

4. The cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 3, wherein: The gas distribution component (83) includes a first gas distribution component (831) and a second gas distribution component (832); The ratio A1 / A of the flow area A1 of the first gas distribution component (831) and the second gas distribution component (832) to the cross-sectional area A of the condenser (8) is greater than or equal to 0.7; The second gas distribution component (832) has the same structure as the first gas distribution component (831), and both are grid structures or flat plate perforated structures.

5. The cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 4, wherein: The first gas distribution component (831) includes a baffle (8312) and air flow holes (8311) uniformly arranged on the baffle (8312); The cooling water spray head (84) adopts an impact type water spray head; a plurality of cooling water spray heads (84) are circumferentially and uniformly distributed in a Y shape along the central axis of the condenser body (80).

6. The cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 5, wherein The diameter of the condenser body (80) satisfies the following conditions: D = (4 × Qz × Rg × T / P / v / π) 1 / 2 In the formula: D represents the diameter of the condenser body (80), in m; v represents the flow velocity of the steam-gas mixture, in m / s; Qz represents the flow rate of the internal steam-gas mixture of the condenser body (80), in kg / s; Rg represents the gas constant of the internal steam-gas mixture of the condenser body (80), in J / (kg·K); T represents the temperature of the internal steam-gas mixture of the condenser body (80), in K; P represents the internal pressure of the condenser body (80), in Pa.

7. The cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 6, wherein, The height of the condenser body (80) satisfies the following conditions: H = v×t In the formula: H represents the height of the condenser body (80), in m; t represents the residence time of the steam-gas mixture inside the condenser body (80), in s.

8. The cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 7, wherein The number of the cooling water spray heads (84) and the diameter of the spray holes thereon are calculated by the following method: 1.

1. Calculate the cooling water quantity q by the following formula: Where: i represents the heat released per unit kilogram of motive steam, with the unit of kJ / kg; Q represents the flow rate of motive steam, with the unit of kg / h; G represents the flow rate of condensable steam in the sucked steam-gas mixture, with the unit of kg / h; Q′ z4 represents the flow rate of condensable steam discharged from the condenser (8), with the unit of kg / h; k represents the correction coefficient for heat exchange of cooling water; c p represents the specific heat capacity of cooling water, with the unit of kJ / kg / °C; Δt represents the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of cooling water, with the unit of °C; 1.

2. Determine the number n of the cooling water spray heads (84) on each layer of the condenser body (80) through the following relationship: 2 ≤ n / D ≤ 4; 1.

3. Determine the number of layers m of the cooling water spray heads (84) through the following relationship: 0.05 ≤ m / H ≤ 0.2; 1.

4. Calculate the cooling water quantity q1 of a single cooling water spray head (84) on each layer by the following formula: q1 = q / m / n; 1.

5. Calculate the cooling water quantity q11 of each cooling water spray head (84) by the following formula: q11 = q1 / z In the formula: z is the number of spray holes on the cooling water spray head (84); 1.

6. Calculate the spray hole diameter d of the cooling water spray head (84) according to the following formula: In the formula: C is the spray hole flow coefficient, a dimensionless number; △p is the spray hole pressure drop; ρ is the density of the cooling water.

9. The cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 8, wherein: The condensation unit is three-stage; The water supply valve (2) is a remotely controlled butterfly valve; The inlet bypass valve (4) is a butterfly valve or a ball valve; The cooling water flowmeter (5) is an electromagnetic flowmeter or an ultrasonic flowmeter; The water volume regulating valve (7) is a manual butterfly valve.

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