Method and device for rapidly detecting microcystis in lake and reservoir water sources

Abstract

The invention provides a lake and reservoir water source microcystis rapid detection method and device, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: carrying a sampling detection module and an underwater camera assembly to enter a lake and reservoir water source by using an unmanned aerial vehicle; the sampling detection module is used for collecting microcystis at different depths in a lake and reservoir water source through a plurality of sampling boxes which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the sampling detection module is used for immediately filtering and enriching microcystic toxins; taking out the sampling piece, horizontally placing, washing with clean water, and placing under a microscope for observation; the water sample in the sampling box is filtered, impurities and residual microcystis in the water sample are filtered, and a concentrated microcystin solution is obtained; the pH value of the microcystin solution is adjusted, purification treatment is conducted, and then a liquid chromatograph and a mass spectrometer are combined for analysis and determination. According to the method and the device for rapidly detecting the microcystis in the lake and reservoir water source, the microcystis can be rapidly, efficiently and conveniently sampled, and rapid and efficient enrichment of microcystis toxins is also realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and in particular relates to a method and a device for rapid detection of Microcystis in a lake water source. Background Art

[0002] Eutrophication of water quality leads to an increase in the frequency of blue algae blooms and red tides. When blue algae blooms and red tides occur, they not only reduce the dissolved oxygen content in the water, but also produce microcystins. Microcystins are very harmful to human health. Skin contact can cause allergies in sensitive parts (eyes) and skin, and drinking a small amount can cause acute gastroenteritis. At present, there are the following technical problems in the detection of microcystins:

[0003] (1) When an algal bloom occurs, environmental monitoring departments have dual requirements for timeliness and accuracy in the detection of microcystins. Generally, during an algal bloom, continuous sampling will be carried out within a few hours to monitor the continuous changes in the content of microcystins. Therefore, the monitoring of microcystins is best completed within 1 hour, but the existing detection efficiency is too low;

[0004] Specifically, for areas with shallow water depths, during the sampling period, professional equipment can be worn to safely reach the river and lake shores where samples are collected on foot; in areas with deep water depths and high flow rates, during the sampling period, boats are needed to enter the rivers and lakes (reservoirs) where samples are collected at monitoring points. In either case, it will take too long and is not convenient for rapid detection and response to Microcystis.

[0005] (2) Currently, high-fold enrichment is required before analyzing microcystins, but this takes too long, requiring 4-6 hours to test a batch of samples. The concentration of microcystins in water changes rapidly, and it is usually required to report within 1 hour, which cannot meet the needs of rapid and timely analysis of algal bloom monitoring.

[0006] Therefore, how to quickly, efficiently and conveniently sample Microcystis and enrich Microcystin toxins has become a key technical problem to be solved in this technical solution. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for rapid detection of Microcystis in lake water sources, which solves the technical problem of how to quickly, efficiently and conveniently sample Microcystis, while also achieving rapid and efficient enrichment of Microcystin toxins, has good application prospects, and greatly facilitates people's detection work.

[0008] A method for rapid detection of Microcystis in lake water sources, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step S1: using a drone, carrying a sampling and detection module and an underwater camera assembly, to enter a lake or reservoir water source where a Microcystis outbreak occurs;

[0010] Step S2: The sampling and detection module works, and the Microcystis at different depths in the lake water source area is collected simultaneously through a plurality of sampling boxes arranged sequentially from top to bottom;

[0011] At the same time, the underwater camera assembly is remotely controlled to observe the conditions at different depths in the lake and reservoir water source through a waterproof camera;

[0012] Step S3: After the sampling of the sampling and detection module is completed, the microcystin is immediately filtered and enriched through the ultrafiltration membrane plate provided therein;

[0013] Step S4: quickly move the sampling and detection module out of the water surface to a specific location, take out the sampling box and let it stand for a period of time t;

[0014] Step S5: Take out the sampling piece and place it horizontally. The sampling piece with Microcystis is washed with clean water and then placed under a microscope for observation;

[0015] Step S6: filtering the water sample in the sampling box to remove impurities and remaining Microcystis to obtain a concentrated Microcystis toxin solution;

[0016] Step S7: adjusting the pH value of the microcystin solution and purifying it, and then analyzing and measuring it by combining a liquid chromatograph and a mass spectrometer.

[0017] A rapid detection device for microcystis in a lake water source area comprises a horizontally placed support shaft, a connecting frame respectively fixed at both ends of the support shaft, and a drone positioned and connected to the upper end of the connecting frame, wherein a plurality of sampling and detection modules are respectively arranged on the support shaft from one end to the other end, and an underwater camera assembly is arranged between two adjacent sampling and detection modules;

[0018] The sampling detection module includes a plurality of sampling boxes arranged in sequence from top to bottom, a push-pull structure for isolating two adjacent sampling boxes, an air pipe assembly connected to the push-pull structure, and a protective structure fitted on the outside of the sampling boxes. The plurality of sampling boxes are connected to the guide positioning assembly for sliding up and down, the wire positioning assembly is connected to the support shaft, and the protective structure is fixedly connected to the guide positioning assembly.

[0019] The sampling box includes a sampling barrel, a baffle plate slidably arranged at the lower end of the sampling barrel, a push plate vertically arranged at one end of the baffle plate, and a threaded column with one end vertically passing through the outer side of the push plate. The upper and lower end surfaces of the sampling barrel are provided with a second through hole and a guide hole, and a plurality of the guide holes are respectively arranged on the outer side of the second through hole. A through hole and a blind hole are arranged on one side of the sampling barrel, and a limiting hole is arranged on the other side thereof. A magnet block is arranged at the inner end of the blind hole, and the magnet block is connected to one end of the threaded column by suction. The other end of the threaded column is connected to a push-pull structure, and the limiting hole is connected to the protective structure.

[0020] An open groove is formed on the upper end surface of the baffle, the top of the open groove is covered with an ultrafiltration membrane plate, the open groove is communicated with one end of the insertion tube, and the other end of the insertion tube is connected to the trachea assembly.

[0021] A sampling piece is vertically arranged at the other end of the baffle, an embedded column is fixed at the bottom end of the sampling piece, and the embedded column is movably inserted on the baffle up and down;

[0022] A groove is arranged on the outer side of the sampling piece, a plurality of baffles are arranged in sequence from top to bottom inside the groove, a chamfer is arranged on the outer edge of the sampling piece, and a wave pattern is arranged on the other end of the baffle.

[0023] The function of the chamfer and the wave pattern is to ensure the sealing between the baffle and the inner side of the sampling box.

[0024] The push-pull structure includes a telescopic column, a nut threadedly connected to one end of the telescopic column, an air cylinder connected to the other end of the telescopic column, an air pipe with one end connected to the air cylinder, the other end of the air pipe is connected to an air pump, the air pump is fixed on the support shaft, and the nut is detachably connected to the other end of the threaded column.

[0025] The air pipe assembly includes a suction branch pipe, an air pipe joint connected to one end of the suction branch pipe, and a suction main pipe connected to the other end of the suction branch pipe. The air pipe joint is detachably connected to the other end of the insertion pipe. The side of the suction branch pipe is connected to the air pipe through a connecting pipe, and the suction main pipe is connected to the water pump.

[0026] The protective structure includes a vertically placed limiting plate, side plates vertically connected to both sides of the limiting plate, an airbag sheet arranged on the inner side of the side plate, a plurality of limiting studs passing through the limiting plate, and an adjusting column with one end fixedly connected to the top end of the limiting plate, the other end of the adjusting column is provided with a threaded portion, and the threaded portion is connected to a rotating nut.

[0027] The guide positioning assembly includes a positioning column, a top plate arranged at the top of the positioning column, and multiple guide columns with one end vertically fixed to the top plate. A through hole is arranged at the center of the positioning column. The other end of the guide column vertically passes through the positioning column and passes through multiple guide holes in sequence. The positioning column is fixedly connected to the support shaft by a fixing bolt.

[0028] The underwater camera assembly comprises two positioning blocks arranged below the support shaft, and an opening arranged inside the positioning blocks, wherein a pressure sensor is arranged inside the opening;

[0029] A video line is passed between the two pressure sensors, a waterproof camera is arranged on the outside of the video line, the top end of the video line is connected to a reel, and a micro motor is arranged at the end of the reel.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0031] (1) The sampling box is set in this scheme to achieve the following technical effects:

[0032] First, multiple sampling boxes cooperate with each other and are arranged in sequence up and down, so as to realize the sampling and collection of Microcystis at different heights, and judge the thickness of Microcystis in the water body according to the distribution of Microcystis in multiple sampling boxes;

[0033] Secondly, a push plate and a baffle are provided, and an opening slot and an ultrafiltration membrane plate are provided on the baffle, and instant filtration is achieved through the ultrafiltration membrane plate, so that the microcystin stays in the sampling box, achieving the enrichment effect of the microcystin;

[0034] Third, a sampling piece is vertically arranged at the other end of the baffle. Driven by the baffle, the sampling piece moves and contacts the inner side of the sampling box, so that part of the microcystis enters the sampling piece and remains on the two adjacent baffles above and below, so that the microcystis at different heights can be fixed in position.

[0035] (2) A push-pull structure is provided, and in combination with the air pipe structure, the following technical effects are achieved:

[0036] First, under the action of the push-pull structure, the baffle separates the water in the sampling box to achieve the effect of segmented sampling;

[0037] Secondly, under the action of the air pipe, the air pressure in the air cylinder increases or decreases, so as to realize the movement of the telescopic column. At the same time, the air pipe is connected to the suction branch pipe through the connecting pipe, so that the suction branch pipe can not only suck the water in the open groove below the ultrafiltration membrane plate, but also serve as an air inlet pipe. Under the action of the air pump, the air is sprayed into the suction branch pipe, through the ultrafiltration membrane plate, so that the gas in the sampling box bubbles, thereby avoiding the blockage of the ultrafiltration membrane plate.

[0038] (3) A protective structure is provided, and in combination with a sampling box, the following technical effects are achieved:

[0039] First, under the action of the limiting stud, the sampling box is limited to ensure the stability of the positions of multiple sampling boxes;

[0040] Secondly, an airbag sheet is arranged on the inner side of the side plate. Under the action of the air pump, the airbag sheet is inflated, and the airbag sheet is attached to the outer side of the sampling box to further limit the sampling box;

[0041] Third, under the covering of the side plates, limit plates and push plates, multiple sampling boxes are sealed to prevent the influence of sunlight on the Microcystis in the sampling boxes, so that people can detect the real data in the original water body;

[0042] (4) A guide and positioning component is provided, which, in conjunction with the sampling box, achieves the following technical effects:

[0043] First, a guide column is provided, so that multiple sampling boxes can be slid up and down and connected to the guide column, which is convenient for installation, positioning and disassembly;

[0044] Secondly, a vertical through hole is provided, which is connected with the sampling box and cooperates with the work of the ultrafiltration membrane plate to help maintain the balance of internal and external air pressure;

[0045] Third, by adjusting the column and rotating the nut, the limit plate can be fine-tuned up and down, which helps to stabilize the upper and lower positions of multiple sampling boxes;

[0046] (5) Through rapid and efficient sampling and early enrichment of microcystins, time is greatly saved and the rapid and timely analysis of algal bloom monitoring is met. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rapid detection device in the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sampling detection module in the present invention.

[0049] Figure 3 It is a partial structural diagram of the sampling detection module in the present invention.

[0050] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guiding and positioning component in the present invention.

[0051] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the sampling box, the push-pull structure and the trachea assembly in the present invention.

[0052] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the sampling box, push-pull structure and air pipe assembly in the present invention.

[0053] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sampling box in the present invention.

[0054] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the protective structure in the present invention.

[0055] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the underwater camera assembly in the present invention.

[0056] Among them, the figure marks are: 1, connecting frame; 2, supporting shaft; 3, trachea assembly; 31, suction main pipe; 32, suction branch pipe; 33, trachea; 34, connecting pipe; 35, air cylinder; 36, fixing plate; 37, telescopic column; 38, trachea joint; 39, nut; 4, sampling box; 41, pushing plate; 411, baffle; 4111, wave pattern; 412, ultrafiltration membrane plate; 413, sampling sheet; 4131, baffle; 42, threaded column; 43, insertion tube; 44, positioning column; 441, fixing bolt; 442, vertical through hole; 45, top plate; 451, guide column; 452, positioning seat; 46, adjusting column; 47, rotating nut; 48, sampling tube; 481, through hole one; 482, through hole two; 483, guide hole; 484, blind hole; 485, limit hole; 5, protective structure; 50, limit plate; 51, side plate; 52, fastening bolt; 53, turning handle; 531, limit stud; 54, airbag piece; 6, positioning block; 7, video cable; 8, waterproof camera; 9, water pump; 11, air pump; 12, reel; 13, micro motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, this solution is described below through specific implementation methods.

[0058] A method for rapid detection of Microcystis in lake water sources, comprising the following steps:

[0059] Step S1: using a drone, carrying a sampling and detection module and an underwater camera assembly, to enter a lake or reservoir water source where a Microcystis outbreak occurs;

[0060] Step S2: the sampling and detection module works, and the Microcystis at different depths in the lake water source area is collected simultaneously through a plurality of sampling boxes 4 arranged sequentially from top to bottom;

[0061] At the same time, the underwater camera assembly is remotely controlled to observe the conditions at different depths in the lake water source through the waterproof camera 8;

[0062] Step S3: After the sampling of the sampling and detection module is completed, the microcystin is immediately filtered and enriched through the ultrafiltration membrane plate provided therein;

[0063] Step S4: quickly move the sampling and detection module out of the water surface to a specific location, take out the sampling box 4 and let it stand for a period of time t;

[0064] Step S5: Take out the sampling piece 413 and place it horizontally. The sampling piece 413 with Microcystis is washed with clean water and then placed under a microscope for observation;

[0065] Step S6: filtering the water sample in the sampling box 4, filtering out the impurities and the remaining microcystis therein, obtaining a concentrated microcystin solution, and then performing subsequent treatment, such as further concentrating or diluting as needed, or dissolving in methanol, etc.;

[0066] Step S7: adjusting the pH value of the microcystin solution and purifying it, and then analyzing and measuring it by combining a liquid chromatograph and a mass spectrometer.

[0067] In order to simplify the design, the drone is not marked in the attached drawings in this solution. Please note this.

[0068] See also Figure 1-Figure 9 A rapid detection device for microcystis in a lake water source area comprises a horizontally placed support shaft 2, a connecting frame 1 respectively fixed at both ends of the support shaft 2, and a drone positioned and connected to the upper end of the connecting frame 1, wherein a plurality of sampling and detection modules are respectively arranged on the support shaft 2 from one end to the other end, and an underwater camera assembly is arranged between two adjacent sampling and detection modules;

[0069] The sampling detection module includes a plurality of sampling boxes 4 arranged in sequence from top to bottom, a push-pull structure for isolating two adjacent sampling boxes 4, a trachea assembly 3 connected to the push-pull structure, and a protective structure 5 fitted on the outside of the sampling box 4. The plurality of sampling boxes 4 are connected to the guide positioning assembly by sliding up and down, the wire positioning assembly is connected to the support shaft 2, and the protective structure 5 is fixedly connected to the guide positioning assembly.

[0070] The sampling box 4 includes a sampling tube 48, a baffle 411 slidably arranged at the lower end of the sampling tube 48, a push plate 41 vertically arranged at one end of the baffle 411, and a threaded column 42 with one end vertically passing through the outside of the push plate 41. The upper and lower end surfaces of the sampling tube 48 are provided with a second through hole 482 and a guide hole 483, and a plurality of guide holes 483 are respectively arranged on the outside of the second through hole 482. A through hole 1 481 and a blind hole 484 are arranged on one side of the sampling tube 48, and a limiting hole 485 is arranged on the other side. A magnet block is arranged at the inner end of the blind hole 484, and the magnet block is connected to one end of the threaded column 42 by suction. The other end of the threaded column 42 is connected to the push-pull structure, and the limiting hole 485 is connected to the protective structure 5.

[0071] An open groove is formed on the upper end surface of the baffle 411 , and the top of the open groove is covered with an ultrafiltration membrane plate 412 . The open groove is communicated with one end of the insertion tube 43 , and the other end of the insertion tube 43 is connected to the trachea assembly 3 .

[0072] A magnet block is provided to tightly attract the threaded column 42 to ensure that the baffle 411 is in close contact with the inner side of the sampling tube 48 to achieve a good seal.

[0073] A sampling piece 413 is vertically arranged at the other end of the baffle 411, and an embedded column is fixed at the bottom end of the sampling piece 413, and the embedded column is movably inserted on the baffle 411 up and down;

[0074] A groove is arranged on the outer side of the sampling piece 413 , and a plurality of baffles 4131 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom inside the groove. A chamfer is arranged on the outer edge of the sampling piece 413 , and a wave pattern 4111 is arranged on the other end of the baffle 411 .

[0075] The sampling piece 413 designed in this solution is provided with a baffle 4131, which can obtain the initial state of Microcystis in the water body, and fix the initial state in the sampling piece 413, which greatly improves the detection accuracy; and the sampling piece 413 is directly pulled out through the embedded column, which is convenient for installation and disassembly.

[0076] The push-pull structure includes a telescopic column 37, a nut 39 threadedly connected to one end of the telescopic column 37, an air cylinder 35 connected to the other end of the telescopic column 37, and an air pipe 33 whose one end is connected to the air cylinder 35. The other end of the air pipe 33 is connected to the air pump 11, and the air pump 11 is fixed on the support shaft 2. The nut 39 is detachably connected to the other end of the threaded column 42.

[0077] More preferably, the plurality of gas cylinders 35 are fixedly connected to a fixing plate 36 , and the fixing plate 36 is positioned and connected to the supporting shaft 2 .

[0078] The air pipe assembly 3 includes a suction branch pipe 32, an air pipe joint 38 connected to one end of the suction branch pipe 32, and a suction main pipe 31 connected to the other end of the suction branch pipe 32. The air pipe joint 38 is detachably connected to the other end of the insertion pipe 43; the side of the suction branch pipe 32 is connected to the air pipe 33 through a connecting pipe 34, and the suction main pipe 31 is connected to the water pump 9.

[0079] It should be noted that in this solution, solenoid valves are provided on the suction branch pipe 32, the suction main pipe 31, the connecting pipe 34, and the air pipe 33. In order to simplify the design, they are no longer marked in the drawings, and are hereby explained; the opening and closing of each solenoid valve is also adjusted according to the actual application situation.

[0080] The protective structure 5 includes a vertically placed limit plate 50, side plates 51 vertically connected to both sides of the limit plate 50, an airbag sheet 54 arranged on the inner side of the side plate 51, a plurality of limit studs 531 passing through the limit plate 50, and an adjustment column 46 with one end fixedly connected to the top of the limit plate 50, and the other end of the adjustment column 46 is provided with a threaded portion, which is connected to a rotating nut 47.

[0081] Preferably, the airbag sheet 54 can be connected to the air pump 11 .

[0082] More preferably, the limiting plate 50 is fixedly connected to the side plate 51 by means of a fastening bolt 52 , and the outer end of the limiting stud 531 is connected to the turning handle 53 .

[0083] The guide positioning assembly includes a positioning column 44, a top plate 45 arranged at the top of the positioning column 44, and multiple guide columns 451 with one end vertically fixed to the top plate 45. A through hole is arranged at the center of the positioning column 44, and the other end of the guide column 451 vertically passes through the positioning column 44 and passes through multiple guide holes 483 in sequence. The positioning column 44 is fixedly connected to the support shaft 2 by a fixing bolt 441.

[0084] More preferably, a positioning seat 452 is provided on the outer side of the top plate 45 , a threaded portion provided at one end of the adjusting column 46 passes through the positioning seat 452 , a rotating nut 47 is connected to the threaded portion, and the rotating nut 47 is adjusted to adjust the height of the adjusting column 46 .

[0085] The electrical components in this solution are all equipped with waterproof function; the power system and related electrical components are connected through the controller control, please note.

[0086] The specific working process of the present invention is as follows:

[0087] When in use, the connecting frame 1 is lifted by a drone so that the supporting shaft 2 is in a horizontal state, and the supporting shaft 2 drives multiple sampling detection modules into the water body. At this time, multiple sampling boxes 4 are connected from top to bottom, and multiple sampling boxes 4 vertically enter the water body, and the microcystis enters the multiple sampling boxes 4. At this time, the telescopic column 37 pushes the threaded column 42 to move through the nut 39, thereby moving the push plate 41 and the baffle 411. The two sides of the baffle 411 can be covered with a rubber layer, similar to the piston principle and moved to the inner side of the sampling box 4, so as to close the lower end of the sampling box 4, and complete the simultaneous sampling of multiple sampling boxes 4;

[0088] Specifically, the multiple sampling boxes 4 cooperate with each other and are arranged in sequence up and down, so as to realize the sampling and collection of Microcystis at different heights, and according to the distribution of Microcystis in the multiple sampling boxes 4, the thickness of Microcystis in the water body can also be determined;

[0089] Then, a filtering process is performed. An opening groove and an ultrafiltration membrane plate 412 are provided on the baffle plate 411. The ultrafiltration membrane plate 412 is used to achieve instant filtering. The ultrafiltration filtering effect on microcystin can reach 98%. The sodium filter membrane can completely intercept the algae toxins in the water. However, due to the high cost, the ultrafiltration membrane plate 412 is used in this scheme to make the microcystin stay in the sampling box 4 to achieve the enrichment effect of the microcystin. At this time, the insertion tube 43, under the action of the suction branch pipe 32, sucks the permeate below the ultrafiltration membrane plate 412, so that the microcystin is enriched above the ultrafiltration membrane plate 412.

[0090] A sampling piece 413 is vertically arranged at the other end of the baffle 411. Driven by the baffle 411, the sampling piece 413 moves and contacts the inner side of the sampling box 4, so that part of the microcystis enters the sampling piece 413 and remains on the two adjacent baffle bars 4131 above and below, so that the microcystis at different heights are fixed in position.

[0091] A push-pull structure is provided, and cooperates with the air pipe 33 to work. Under the action of the push-pull structure, the baffle 411 separates the water in the sampling box 4, thereby achieving the effect of segmented sampling.

[0092] Under the action of the air pipe 33, the air pressure in the air cylinder 35 is increased or reduced, so that the telescopic column 37 can be moved. At the same time, the air pipe 33 is connected to the suction branch pipe 32 through the connecting pipe 34, so that the suction branch pipe 32 can not only suck the water in the open groove below the ultrafiltration membrane plate 412, but also the suction branch pipe 32 can be used as an air inlet pipe 33. Under the action of the air pump 11, the air is sprayed into the suction branch pipe 32, through the ultrafiltration membrane plate 412, so that the gas in the sampling box 4 is bubbled, thereby avoiding the blockage of the ultrafiltration membrane plate 412.

[0093] The design of the nut 39 and the air pipe connector 38 allows the threaded column 42 and the telescopic column 37 to be detachably connected, and the insertion tube 43 and the suction branch pipe 32 to be detachably connected;

[0094] Therefore, the sampling process in this scheme actually divides the original Microcystis water into three parts: the filtered aspirated liquid, the Microcystis in the sampling sheet 413, and the Microcystis toxins above the ultrafiltration membrane plate 412, so as to facilitate the analysis of the components of the three parts respectively;

[0095] A protective structure 5 is provided to cooperate with the sampling box 4. Under the action of the limiting stud 531, the sampling box 4 is limited to ensure the stability of the positions of multiple sampling boxes 4; an airbag sheet 54 is provided on the inner side of the side plate 51. Under the action of the air pump 11, the airbag sheet 54 is inflated, and the airbag sheet 54 is attached to the outer side of the sampling box 4 to further limit the sampling box 4; under the covering of the side plate 51, the limiting plate 50, and the pushing plate 41, the sealing of multiple sampling boxes 4 is achieved to prevent the influence of sunlight on the microcystis in the sampling box 4, so that people can detect the real data in the original water body;

[0096] A guide positioning component is provided to cooperate with the sampling box 4, and a guide column 451 is provided, so that multiple sampling boxes 4 can be slid up and down and connected to the guide column 451, which is convenient for installation, limiting and disassembly; a vertical through hole 442 is provided, which is connected to the sampling box 4 and cooperates with the work of the ultrafiltration membrane plate 412 to help maintain the balance of internal and external air pressure; through the action of the adjustment column 46 and the rotating nut 47, the limit plate 50 can be fine-tuned up and down, which helps to stabilize the upper and lower positions of multiple sampling boxes 4;

[0097] An underwater camera assembly is provided, and through a waterproof camera 8 and a display screen (the display screen is placed on the shore for observation), the underwater situation can be observed, the depth and water flow speed of the corresponding detection points in rivers and lakes can be judged, and a reference for subsequent data analysis can be provided; specifically, two positioning blocks 6 are provided below the support shaft 2, an opening is provided on the inner side of the positioning block 6, a pressure sensor is provided in the opening, and the video line 7 passes through the two pressure sensors, a waterproof camera 8 is provided at the bottom end of the video line 7, the outer side of the video line 7 is connected to the reel 12, a micro motor 13 is provided at the end of the reel 12, the micro motor 13 drives the reel 12 to rotate, so as to realize the storage of the video line 7, and the other end of the video line 7 is connected to the display screen through a wireless transmission module.

[0098] When the water flow is large, the video line 7 is driven to swing, and the video line 7 applies pressure to the pressure sensor, and the water flow velocity is determined from the reading of the pressure sensor.

[0099] Technical features not described in the present invention can be achieved through or by adopting existing technologies and will not be described in detail here. Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by ordinary technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid detection of Microcystis in lake water sources, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step S1: using a drone, carrying a sampling and detection module and an underwater camera assembly, to enter a lake or reservoir water source where a Microcystis outbreak occurs; Step S2: the sampling and detection module works to simultaneously collect Microcystis at different depths in the water source of the lake or reservoir through a plurality of sampling boxes (4) arranged sequentially from top to bottom; At the same time, the underwater camera assembly is remotely controlled to observe the conditions at different depths in the lake and reservoir water source through a waterproof camera; Step S3: After the sampling of the sampling and detection module is completed, the microcystin is immediately filtered and enriched through the ultrafiltration membrane plate provided therein; Step S4: quickly move the sampling and detection module out of the water surface to a specific location, take out the sampling box (4) and let it stand for a period of time t; Step S5: taking out the sampling piece (413) and placing it horizontally, the sampling piece (413) having Microcystis on it is rinsed with clean water and then placed under a microscope for observation; Step S6: filtering the water sample in the sampling box (4) to remove impurities and remaining Microcystis therein, thereby obtaining a concentrated Microcystis toxin solution; Step S7: adjusting the pH value of the microcystin solution and purifying it, and then analyzing and measuring it by combining a liquid chromatograph and a mass spectrometer.

2. A rapid detection device for Microcystis in a lake or reservoir water source, using a rapid detection method for Microcystis in a lake or reservoir water source as claimed in claim 1, comprising a horizontally placed support shaft (2), a connecting frame (1) respectively fixed at both ends of the support shaft (2), and a drone positioned and connected to the upper end of the connecting frame (1), characterized in that: A plurality of sampling and detection modules are respectively arranged on the support shaft (2) from one end to the other end, and an underwater camera assembly is arranged between two adjacent sampling and detection modules; The sampling detection module comprises a plurality of sampling boxes (4) arranged in sequence from top to bottom, a push-pull structure for isolating two adjacent sampling boxes (4), a trachea assembly (3) connected to the push-pull structure, and a protective structure (5) arranged in close contact with the outside of the sampling boxes (4), wherein the plurality of sampling boxes (4) are slidably connected to the guide positioning assembly up and down, the wire positioning assembly is connected to the support shaft (2), and the protective structure (5) is fixedly connected to the guide positioning assembly.

3. A rapid detection device for Microcystis in lake water sources according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sampling box (4) comprises a sampling tube (48), a baffle (411) slidably arranged horizontally at the lower end of the sampling tube (48), a push plate (41) vertically arranged at one end of the baffle (411), and a threaded column (42) with one end vertically passing through the outside of the push plate (41); the upper and lower end surfaces of the sampling tube (48) are provided with a second through hole and a guide hole, and a plurality of the guide holes are respectively arranged on the outside of the second through hole; a through hole and a blind hole are arranged on one side of the sampling tube (48), and a limiting hole is arranged on the other side; a magnet block is arranged at the inner end of the blind hole, and the magnet block is attracted and connected to one end of the threaded column (42); the other end of the threaded column (42) is connected to a push-pull structure, and the limiting hole is connected to the protective structure (5); An open groove is formed on the upper end surface of the baffle (411), the top end of the open groove is covered with an ultrafiltration membrane plate (412), the open groove is communicated with one end of the insertion tube (43), and the other end of the insertion tube (43) is connected to the air pipe assembly (3).

4. A rapid detection device for Microcystis in lake water sources according to claim 3, characterized in that: A sampling piece (413) is vertically arranged at the other end of the baffle (411), an embedded column is fixed at the bottom end of the sampling piece (413), and the embedded column is movably inserted on the baffle (411) up and down; The sampling piece (413) is provided with a groove on the outside, a plurality of baffles (4131) are provided in sequence from top to bottom inside the groove, the outer edge of the sampling piece (413) is provided with a chamfer, and the other end of the baffle (411) is provided with a wavy pattern (4111).

5. The device for rapid detection of Microcystis in lake water sources according to claim 3, characterized in that: The push-pull structure comprises a telescopic column (37), a nut (39) threadedly connected to one end of the telescopic column (37), an air cylinder (35) connected to the other end of the telescopic column (37), and an air pipe (33) one end of which is connected to the air cylinder (35); the other end of the air pipe (33) is connected to an air pump (11); the air pump (11) is fixed on the support shaft (2); and the nut (39) is detachably connected to the other end of the threaded column (42).

6. The device for rapid detection of Microcystis in lake water sources according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air pipe assembly (3) comprises a suction branch pipe (32), an air pipe joint (38) connected to one end of the suction branch pipe (32), and a suction main pipe (31) connected to the other end of the suction branch pipe (32); the air pipe joint (38) is detachably connected to the other end of the insertion pipe (43); the side of the suction branch pipe (32) is connected to the air pipe (33) via a connecting pipe (34); and the suction main pipe (31) is connected to a water pump (9).

7. The device for rapid detection of Microcystis in lake water sources according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protective structure (5) comprises a vertically placed limiting plate (50), side plates (51) respectively vertically connected to both sides of the limiting plate (50), an airbag sheet (54) arranged to fit the inner side of the side plate (51), a plurality of limiting studs (531) passing through the limiting plate (50), and an adjusting column (46) having one end fixedly connected to the top end of the limiting plate (50), the other end of the adjusting column (46) being provided with a threaded portion, and the threaded portion being connected to a rotating nut (47).

8. The device for rapid detection of Microcystis in lake water sources according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide positioning assembly comprises a positioning column (44), a top plate (45) arranged at the top of the positioning column (44), and a plurality of guide columns (451) one end of which is vertically fixedly connected to the top plate (45); a vertical through hole (442) is arranged at the center of the positioning column (44); the other end of the guide column (451) vertically passes through the positioning column (44) and passes through a plurality of guide holes in sequence; the positioning column (44) is fixedly connected to the support shaft (2) by a fixing bolt (441); and a positioning seat (452) is arranged on the outer side of the top plate (45).

9. The device for rapid detection of Microcystis in lake water sources according to claim 2, characterized in that: The underwater camera assembly comprises two positioning blocks (6) arranged below the support shaft (2), and an opening arranged inside the positioning block (6), wherein a pressure sensor is arranged inside the opening; A video cable (7) is passed between the two pressure sensors, a waterproof camera (8) is arranged at the bottom end of the video cable (7), the outer side of the video cable (7) is connected to a reel (12), and a micromotor (13) is arranged at the end of the reel (12).

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