Method, device and equipment for remote sensing identification of new particle generation events

Abstract

The application provides a new particle generation event remote sensing identification method, device and equipment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: obtaining remote sensing observation data based on ground remote sensing observation of a spectrophotometer and a sun-sky radiometer; determining a regional nucleation index based on ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration and aerosol optical depth; determining a first new particle generation day when the regional nucleation index is greater than a preset observation initial threshold value; obtaining a second new particle generation day obtained through online measurement and a third new particle generation day used for reference; iteratively updating the observation initial threshold value to obtain an observation target threshold value; obtaining the regional nucleation index of a target date; when the regional nucleation index of the target date is greater than the observation target threshold value and the duration is greater than a preset duration threshold value, the target date is taken as a new particle generation date; and the application can effectively identify the occurrence of a new particle generation event.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of atmospheric monitoring technology, and in particular to a remote sensing identification method, device and equipment for new particle generation events. Background Art

[0002] New Particle Formation (NPF) refers to the process in which low-volatility gases in the atmospheric environment nucleate and grow into nano-sized particles through condensation.

[0003] While related technologies calculate remote sensing indicators of new particle formation, they lack specific criteria for identification. Specifically, they can only analyze the levels and distribution of these indicators, but cannot determine whether a new particle formation event has actually occurred. This is primarily because remote sensing parameters of gaseous precursors and aerosols can be readily retrieved, while new particle formation events only occur when the combined indicators reach a certain threshold.

[0004] It can be seen from this that the new particle generation event identification method in the related art has the defect that the remote sensing identification method cannot be used in practice due to the lack of a threshold. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method, device and equipment for remote sensing identification of new particle generation events, which are used to solve the defect of existing methods for identifying new particle generation events in the art, that is, the remote sensing identification methods cannot be practically applied due to the lack of a threshold value, and realize the identification and time-continuous observation of new particle generation events based on remote sensing technology.

[0006] The present invention provides a remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events, comprising the following steps: performing ground-based remote sensing observations based on a spectrophotometer and a solar sky radiometer to obtain remote sensing observation data, wherein the remote sensing observation data include ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical thickness; determining a regional nucleation index based on the ultraviolet irradiance, the gaseous precursor concentration, and the aerosol optical thickness; determining a first new particle generation day when the regional nucleation index is greater than a preset observation initial threshold; obtaining a second new particle generation day obtained by online measurement and a third new particle generation day for reference; iteratively updating the observation initial threshold based on the first new particle generation day, the second new particle generation day, and the third new particle generation day to obtain an observation target threshold; obtaining a regional nucleation index on a target date, and when the regional nucleation index on the target date is greater than the observation target threshold and the duration is greater than a preset duration threshold, using the target date as the new particle generation date.

[0007] According to a remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events provided by the present invention, the gaseous precursor concentration includes a sulfur dioxide column concentration, a nitrogen dioxide column concentration, and a formaldehyde column concentration. The method of determining a regional nucleation index based on the ultraviolet irradiance, the gaseous precursor concentration, and the aerosol optical thickness includes: determining a first product of the ultraviolet irradiance at a target wavelength and the sulfur dioxide column concentration; determining a ratio of the first product to the square value of the aerosol optical thickness as a sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index; determining a second product of the ultraviolet irradiance at the target wavelength and the formaldehyde column concentration; determining a ratio of the second product to the square value of the aerosol optical thickness as a formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index; and using the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index and the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index as regional nucleation indicators.

[0008] According to a remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events provided by the present invention, the method also includes: using the ratio of the sulfur dioxide column concentration to the aerosol optical thickness as a sulfur dioxide priority index; using the ratio of the nitrogen dioxide column concentration to the aerosol optical thickness as a nitrogen dioxide priority index; and using the sulfur dioxide priority index and the nitrogen dioxide priority index as primary nucleation indicators.

[0009] According to a remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events provided by the present invention, the observation target thresholds include: a sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring indicator threshold and a formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring indicator threshold; the observation target thresholds are used to minimize the overall difference between the first new particle generation day, the second new particle generation day, and the third new particle generation day.

[0010] According to a remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events provided by the present invention, obtaining a regional nucleation index on a target date and using the target date as the new particle generation date when the regional nucleation index on the target date is greater than the observation target threshold and the duration is greater than a preset duration threshold, includes: obtaining a sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index on the target date; and using the target date as the new particle generation date when the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index is greater than the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index threshold in the observation target threshold and a first duration exceeds the preset duration threshold, wherein the first duration is the cumulative duration that the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index is greater than the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index threshold.

[0011] According to a remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events provided by the present invention, the method includes obtaining a regional nucleation index on a target date, and using the target date as the new particle generation date when the regional nucleation index on the target date is greater than the observation target threshold and the duration is greater than a preset duration threshold. The method includes: obtaining a formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index on the target date; and using the target date as the new particle generation date when the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index is greater than the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index threshold in the observation target threshold and a second duration exceeds the preset duration threshold, wherein the second duration is the cumulative duration that the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index is greater than the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index threshold.

[0012] The present invention also provides a remote sensing identification device for new particle generation events, comprising the following modules: an observation module, configured to perform ground-based remote sensing observations based on a spectrophotometer and a solar sky radiometer to obtain remote sensing observation data, wherein the remote sensing observation data includes ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth; a first determination module, configured to determine a regional nucleation index based on the ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth; a second determination module, configured to determine a first new particle generation day when the regional nucleation index is greater than a preset observation initial threshold; an acquisition module, configured to obtain a second new particle generation day obtained by online measurement and a third new particle generation day for reference; an update module, configured to iteratively update the observation initial threshold based on the first new particle generation day, the second new particle generation day, and the third new particle generation day to obtain an observation target threshold; and an output module, configured to obtain the regional nucleation index of a target date, and to use the target date as the new particle generation date when the regional nucleation index of the target date is greater than the observation target threshold and the duration thereof is greater than a preset duration threshold.

[0013] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the remote sensing identification method for a new particle generation event as described above is implemented.

[0014] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the remote sensing identification method for a new particle generation event as described above is implemented.

[0015] The present invention also provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements any of the above-mentioned methods for remote sensing identification of new particle generation events.

[0016] The new particle generation event remote sensing identification method, device and equipment provided by the present invention conducts ground-based remote sensing observations through wind photometers and solar sky radiometers to obtain remote sensing observation data such as ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration and aerosol optical thickness, thereby realizing the conversion of observed radiation into parameters with physical meaning; based on ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration and aerosol optical thickness, regional nucleation index is determined, thereby realizing the conversion of parameters with physical meaning into nucleation remote sensing index; it is determined that the regional nucleation index is greater than a preset observation initial threshold The first new particle generation day is used as the first new particle generation day, and the threshold is optimized using external data that can accurately identify the days of new particle generation events (i.e., the second new particle generation day obtained by online measurement and the third new particle generation day used for reference) to obtain the optimal observation target threshold; and based on the nucleation remote sensing index and the observation target threshold, the new particle generation event is identified, and its duration is calculated at the same time, so as to realize the conversion of the nucleation remote sensing index into the parameter for quantitatively evaluating the new particle generation event; thereby solving the problem of the conversion of the nucleation remote sensing index into the parameter for quantitatively evaluating the new particle generation event in the related technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced one by one below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the remote sensing identification method of the new particle generation event provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a data matching flow chart provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of updating the initial observation threshold provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is the occurrence date and duration of the new particle generation event obtained by the remote sensing method provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the remote sensing identification device for new particle generation events provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of the electronic device provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Related technologies for observing new particle generation events using polar-orbiting satellites cannot achieve continuous monitoring over time, nor can they calculate the duration of new particle generation. Therefore, insufficient observation frequency is a major problem with polar-orbiting satellite observations.

[0026] While related technologies calculate remote sensing indicators of new particle formation, they lack specific criteria for identification. Specifically, they can only analyze the level and distribution of these indicators, but cannot determine whether a new particle formation event has actually occurred. This is primarily because remote sensing parameters for gaseous precursors and aerosols can be readily retrieved, while new particle formation events only occur when the combined indicators reach a certain threshold. Therefore, the lack of a threshold is a key issue hindering the practical application of remote sensing methods.

[0027] In terms of nucleation gaseous precursors, related technologies have only considered a single gaseous precursor (sulfur dioxide) for regional nucleation, failing to characterize the key chemical reaction mechanism underlying the new particle formation event. Therefore, considering a single gaseous precursor is a shortcoming of related technologies.

[0028] These techniques are only meaningful when averaged over long periods (e.g., monthly or even annual averages), and are less representative of instantaneous events. This is primarily due to the large uncertainties in satellite observations, particularly the limited ability to retrieve gaseous precursors (sulfur dioxide), which are widely recognized to have a significant influence on the formation of new particles. These low-precision products introduce significant uncertainty into the results, resulting in usable accuracy only achieved by averaging over a specific time period, which contradicts the principle of instantaneous new particle formation. This is a key reason why satellite remote sensing methods for identifying new particle formation events have limited widespread application.

[0029] Based on highly accurate ground-based remote sensing instruments, this method establishes a comprehensive threshold optimization scheme, expands the variety of regional nucleation precursors, and enables remote sensing-based identification and duration calculation of new particle generation events. Furthermore, the two instruments used in this method are standard instruments from two publicly available networks (AERONET and PANDONIA), making the method potentially applicable to a wide range of applications.

[0030] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a new particle generation event remote sensing identification method provided by the present invention, as shown in FIG. Figure 1As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0031] Step 101 : performing ground-based remote sensing observations based on a spectrophotometer and a solar sky radiometer to obtain remote sensing observation data, wherein the remote sensing observation data includes ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth.

[0032] In this embodiment of the present invention, new particle generation events are identified with high precision and temporal continuity based on observations from two ground-based remote sensing instruments. The primary instruments are the CE318 sun-sky radiometer and the Pandora spectrophotometer. For a comparison of the observations and principles, see Table 1, which provides a comparison of the observation data and quality control techniques used in the new particle generation remote sensing identification method provided by the present invention.

[0033] Table 1

[0034]

[0035] In this embodiment of the present invention, PANDONIA (a ground-based network for providing specific monitoring data) provides data on ultraviolet irradiance at 310 nm, total sulfur dioxide (SO2) column volume, total nitrogen dioxide (NO2) column volume, and total formaldehyde (HCHO) column volume, which are the primary sources of new particle generation events. Ultraviolet irradiance comes from Level 1 products (typically raw observational data or data that has undergone preliminary processing but not in-depth analysis and interpretation), with observations obtained every 1-2 minutes. Trace gas products are Level 2 products (which include not only raw trace gas observational data but also information after in-depth analysis and interpretation). Due to the varying technical difficulties of observing different gases, the completeness and resolution of the data time series vary. The CE318 sun-sky radiometer provides aerosol optical depth (AOD) products, which are the primary sink.

[0036] Ultraviolet irradiance is a physical quantity that describes the intensity of ultraviolet radiation. It refers to the radiation capacity received by a specific surface per unit area. Specifically, ultraviolet irradiance can be defined as the amount of ultraviolet radiation energy projected onto a unit area per unit time.

[0037] Gaseous precursor concentrations refer to the concentration of substances in the atmosphere that exist in gaseous form and can participate in chemical reactions and transform into other forms of pollutants. These gaseous precursors typically include sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx, primarily NO and NO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Through photochemical reactions and oxidation reactions in the atmosphere, these can be transformed into secondary pollutants such as sulfate, nitrate, ozone (O3), and particulate matter (such as PM2.5), significantly impacting air quality.

[0038] Aerosol optical depth describes the optical thickness of aerosol components due to extinction, reflecting the degree of light attenuation by aerosols and is also known as atmospheric turbidity.

[0039] Under clear sky conditions, solar radiation is relatively strong, penetrating the atmosphere and directly striking the Earth's surface. Remote sensing instruments can capture light signals reflected or scattered in the atmosphere. Clear skies offer a higher signal-to-noise ratio than cloudy or overcast conditions, making them crucial for detecting and analyzing trace gas absorption signatures. Furthermore, NPF events occur only under clear sky conditions, making remote sensing data highly feasible for characterizing and determining NPF. Remote sensing of aerosol particles primarily relies on ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelengths, limiting the detectable size of aerosol particles to those with a diameter greater than approximately 100 nm. Therefore, ultrafine particles in the nuclear mode cannot be directly detected using aerosol detectors. However, in simplified models for NPF parameterization, several important source and sink parameters, or related surrogate parameters, can be calculated using remote sensing data. For example, trace gas precursors of NPF (SO₂, NO₂, NH₃, HCHO) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol spectral distribution, used as surrogate for condensation sinks, can be included in the calculation.

[0040] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 The data matching flow chart provided by the present invention includes two types of public networks (AERONET and PANDONIA), wherein AERONET is used to provide aerosol optical depth (AOD), and PANDONIA is used to provide 310nm ultraviolet irradiance (UV 310nm ), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO).

[0041] For ground-based remote sensing products, the time resolution of aerosol optical depth products is about 8 to 9 minutes, and the ultraviolet irradiance data at 310nm provided by PANDONIA obtains an observation value every 1 to 2 minutes. Due to the differences in the difficulty of observation technology for different gases, the integrity and resolution of the trace gas product (SO2, NO2, HCHO) data time series have different gaps. Under good observation conditions, NO2 can obtain multiple data within 1 minute, but there are not observation values ​​at all times. HCHO and SO2 obtain observation values ​​approximately every 7 minutes. Given the complexity of the data types, technicians need to use the observation time with the least data volume and the lowest resolution as the standard when matching different data times. For example, the average of other data matched with a time window of ±15 minutes during 7:00 to 17:00 every day is used as the input parameter for remote sensing indicators for calculating new particle generation events. For specific procedures, please refer to Figure 2 .

[0042] Here, the extraction time of the aerosol optical thickness is T AOD After the required trace gas product is extracted, one or more quality factors (QA) are further calculated, which are used to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the data, and then the quality factors (QA) are input into the subsequent new particle formation event remote sensing model (NPFRS model).

[0043] Step 102, determining the regional nucleation index based on the ultraviolet irradiance, the concentration of gaseous precursor, and the aerosol optical thickness.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present application, a first product of the ultraviolet irradiance at the target wavelength and the sulfur dioxide column concentration is determined; a ratio of the first product to the square value of the aerosol optical thickness is determined as a sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index;

[0045] A second product of the ultraviolet irradiance at the target wavelength and the formaldehyde column concentration is determined; a ratio of the second product to the square value of the aerosol optical thickness is determined as a formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index; and the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index and the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index are taken as the regional nucleation index.

[0046] Step 103, determining the first new particle formation day when the regional nucleation index is greater than a preset observation initial threshold value.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present application, if the obtained regional nucleation index exceeds the preset observation initial threshold value, it is considered that a new particle formation event occurs, and here, the observation initial threshold value can be set relatively high to reduce the iteration number.

[0048] Step 104, obtaining the second new particle formation day obtained by online measurement and the third new particle formation day used for reference.

[0049] In the embodiment of the present application, the consistency of the observed new particle formation event day and the day obtained by the remote sensing method is compared, and the observation can include the second new particle formation day (NPFObs) obtained by online measurement of the ground scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS, Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) and the third new particle formation day (NPFRef) obtained from the data of the reference.

[0050] Step 105, based on the first new particle formation day, the second new particle formation day, and the third new particle formation day, the observation initial threshold value is iteratively updated to obtain an observation target threshold value.

[0051] In this embodiment of the present invention, the first number of new particle generation days, the second number of new particle generation days (measured online via a ground-based SMPS), and the third number of new particle generation days (data from relevant references) are compared to iteratively update the threshold. This iterative process is used to obtain the observation target threshold with the smallest overall difference (i.e., the final optimal threshold).

[0052] Among them, the observation target thresholds include the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index threshold and the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index threshold.

[0053] Step 106 , obtaining a regional nucleation index of a target date, and when the regional nucleation index of the target date is greater than an observation target threshold and the duration is greater than a preset duration threshold, using the target date as a new particle generation date.

[0054] In this embodiment of the present invention, the optimized thresholds for SO2 and HCHO (i.e., the aforementioned observation target thresholds) are compared with the daily calculated new particle generation remote sensing indicators (i.e., the aforementioned regional nucleation indicators, including the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring indicator and the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring indicator). If either of the two indicators exceeds the threshold and persists for more than half an hour, then the day is determined to be a new particle generation day.

[0055] Through the above steps of the embodiment of the present invention, ground-based remote sensing observations are performed based on a spectrophotometer and a solar sky radiometer to obtain remote sensing observation data, wherein the remote sensing observation data includes ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth; a regional nucleation index is determined based on the ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth; a first new particle generation day is determined when the regional nucleation index is greater than a preset observation initial threshold; a second new particle generation day obtained by online measurement and a third new particle generation day for reference are obtained; the observation initial threshold is iteratively updated based on the first new particle generation day, the second new particle generation day, and the third new particle generation day to obtain an observation target threshold; a regional nucleation index is obtained on a target date, and when the regional nucleation index on the target date is greater than the observation target threshold and the duration is greater than the preset duration threshold, the target date is used as the new particle generation date. This solves the problem of converting nucleation remote sensing indicators into parameters for quantitatively evaluating new particle generation events in the related art.

[0056] According to a new particle generation event remote sensing identification method provided by the present invention, the concentration of gaseous precursors includes sulfur dioxide column concentration, nitrogen dioxide column concentration, and formaldehyde column concentration. The regional nucleation index is determined based on ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth, including:

[0057] determining a first product of the ultraviolet irradiance at the target wavelength and the sulfur dioxide column concentration;

[0058] Determine the ratio of the first product and the square value of the aerosol optical depth as a sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index;

[0059] Determine the second product of the ultraviolet irradiance at the target wavelength and the formaldehyde column concentration;

[0060] Determine the ratio of the second product and the square value of the aerosol optical depth as a formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index;

[0061] Take the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index and the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index as the regional nucleation index.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index can be determined by the following formula (1):

[0063] (1)

[0064] Wherein, The sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index is represented by S, The ultraviolet irradiance at 310 nm is represented by I, The sulfur dioxide column concentration is represented by C, The square value of the aerosol optical depth is represented by D.

[0065] In the embodiment of the present application, the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index can be determined by the following formula (2):

[0066] (2)

[0067] Wherein, The formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index is represented by F, The ultraviolet irradiance at 310 nm is represented by I, The formaldehyde column concentration is represented by C, The square value of the aerosol optical depth is represented by D.

[0068] According to the new particle generation event remote sensing identification method provided by the present application, the above method further comprises:

[0069] Take the ratio of the sulfur dioxide column concentration and the aerosol optical depth as a sulfur dioxide priority index;

[0070] Take the ratio of the nitrogen dioxide column concentration and the aerosol optical depth as a nitrogen dioxide priority index;

[0071] Take the sulfur dioxide priority index and the nitrogen dioxide priority index as a primary nucleation index.

[0072] In the embodiment of the present application, the sulfur dioxide priority index can be represented by the following formula (3):

[0073] (3)

[0074] in, Indicates the sulfur dioxide priority index, represents the column concentration of sulfur dioxide, represents the aerosol optical depth.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present invention, the nitrogen dioxide priority index can be expressed by the following formula (4):

[0076] (4)

[0077] in, represents the nitrogen dioxide priority index, represents the column concentration of nitrogen dioxide, represents the aerosol optical depth.

[0078] According to a remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events provided by the present invention, observation target thresholds include: a sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring indicator threshold and a formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring indicator threshold; the observation target thresholds are used to minimize the overall difference between the first new particle generation day, the second new particle generation day, and the third new particle generation day.

[0079] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a flowchart of updating the initial observation threshold provided by the present invention.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present invention, the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index in the regional nucleation index is obtained ( ) and formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring indicators ( ), as well as the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring indicator threshold and formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring indicator threshold in the observation target threshold.

[0081] When the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index is greater than the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index threshold in the observation target threshold, or when the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index is greater than the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index threshold in the observation target threshold, the first new particle formation day (NPF) obtained by the remote sensing method is RS );

[0082] The second number of new particle formation days (NPFObs) was obtained by online measurement, and the third number of new particle formation days (NPFRef) was obtained for reference.

[0083] Based on the first number of new particle generation days, the second number of new particle generation days, and the third number of new particle generation days, the initial observation threshold is iteratively updated, and an observation target threshold (as the optimal threshold) that minimizes the overall difference (Min) of the above parameters is obtained through an iterative process.

[0084] According to a remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events provided by the present invention, a regional nucleation index on a target date is obtained. When the regional nucleation index on the target date is greater than an observation target threshold and the duration is greater than a preset duration threshold, the target date is used as the new particle generation date, including:

[0085] Obtain sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring indicators on the target date;

[0086] When the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index is greater than the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index threshold in the observation target threshold and the first duration exceeds the preset duration threshold, the target date is used as the new particle generation date, wherein the first duration is the cumulative duration that the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index is greater than the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index threshold.

[0087] According to a remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events provided by the present invention, a regional nucleation index on a target date is obtained. When the regional nucleation index on the target date is greater than an observation target threshold and the duration is greater than a preset duration threshold, the target date is used as the new particle generation date, including:

[0088] Obtain formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring indicators on the target date;

[0089] When the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index is greater than the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index threshold in the observation target threshold and the second duration exceeds the preset duration threshold, the target date is used as the new particle generation date, wherein the second duration is the cumulative duration that the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index is greater than the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index threshold.

[0090] In an embodiment of the present invention, the optimized thresholds of SO2 and HCHO are respectively compared with the new particle generation remote sensing indicators calculated for a single day. If one of the two indicators meets the requirement greater than its threshold and lasts for more than half an hour, then the day is determined to be a new particle generation day.

[0091] The duration is calculated from the moment immediately preceding the first observation that exceeds the threshold, until the last observation. Given the persistence of new particle generation events, observational instability may result in a small number of moments below the threshold among consecutive points above the threshold. In these cases, these moments are considered deviations due to inaccurate observations and are still counted as new particle generation events.

[0092] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a remote sensing identification method for a new particle generation event is provided, which mainly includes the following steps:

[0093] Step 1: Ground-based remote sensing observations using a Pandora spectrophotometer and a CE318 sun-sky radiometer were performed to obtain inversion products such as 310nm UV irradiance, gaseous precursor concentrations, and aerosol optical depth. This step converts the observed radiation into physically meaningful parameters.

[0094] Step 2: Calculate four remote sensing indicators of regional and primary nucleation using the products of 310nm UV irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth (see Formulas 1-4 above for details). This step converts physically meaningful parameters into remote sensing indicators of nucleation.

[0095] In step 3, based on the four remote sensing indicators obtained by calculation, the threshold is optimized using external data that can accurately identify new particle generation events (for example, in-situ SMPS measurements, data recorded in literature, etc.) to obtain the optimal threshold.

[0096] It should be noted that the above-mentioned optimal threshold may be predetermined, and after the optimal threshold is determined, this step may be omitted.

[0097] In step 4, using the nucleation remote sensing index calculated in step 2 and the optimal threshold obtained in step 3, we identify new particle generation events and calculate their duration. This step transforms the nucleation remote sensing index into a parameter for quantitatively evaluating new particle generation events.

[0098] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 is the date and duration of the new particle generation event obtained by the remote sensing method provided by the present invention, where the horizontal axis is the date, Figure 4 (a) The vertical axes are the new particle generation events (NPF) obtained by remote sensing methods. RS ), new particle generation events (NPF) obtained by online measurement of ground SMPS Obs ), new particle generation events (NPF) obtained based on the data of references Ref ); Figure 4 (b) The vertical axis is the maximum sulfur dioxide index obtained by remote sensing monitoring; Figure 4 (c) The vertical axis is the maximum formaldehyde index obtained by remote sensing monitoring.

[0099] Through the above steps of the embodiment of the present invention, ground-based remote sensing instruments are used to achieve time-continuous monitoring of new particle generation events. By integrating ground-based remote sensing and in-situ measurements, a self-consistent threshold iteration optimization method is established, and the occurrence of new particle generation events is successfully identified. Compared with in-situ high-precision measurements, the effectiveness is as high as 84%. The particle composition information (HCHO) of regional nucleation is expanded, which to a certain extent indicates the key chemical reaction mechanism of new particle generation events.

[0100] Related technologies rely on polar-orbiting satellite observations, which are unable to achieve continuous time monitoring or calculate the duration of new particle generation. This invention, for the first time, uses ground-based remote sensing instruments with continuous time observation, effectively solving this problem. Not only can it obtain parameters with superior accuracy to satellite inversion, but it can also achieve continuous time observation and effectively estimate the duration of new particle generation events.

[0101] While related technologies calculate remote sensing indicators of new particle formation, they lack specific identification criteria. Specifically, they can only analyze the level and distribution of these indicators, but cannot determine whether a new particle formation event has actually occurred. This is primarily because remote sensing parameters for gaseous precursors and aerosols can always be inverted, while new particle formation events only occur when the combined indicators exceed a certain threshold. Therefore, this invention, for the first time, integrates ground-based remote sensing and in-situ measurements to establish a self-consistent threshold iteration optimization method, successfully identifying the occurrence of new particle formation events with an effectiveness of up to 84% compared to high-precision in-situ measurements.

[0102] From the perspective of nucleation gaseous precursors, the related art only considers one gaseous precursor SO2 for regional nucleation, while the present invention considers two gaseous precursors (SO2 and HCHO) in detail, which can indicate the key reaction mechanism of new particle generation events to a certain extent.

[0103] Related techniques are only meaningful on long-term averages (e.g., monthly or even annual averages), and are less representative of instantaneous measurements. This is primarily due to the large uncertainties in satellite observations, particularly the limited ability to retrieve SO₂, the gaseous precursor known to have a significant influence on the formation of new particles. Therefore, ground-based remote sensing can effectively reduce the uncertainty of remote sensing parameters, making remote sensing indicators of new particle formation obtained through instantaneous observations more reliable and comparable.

[0104] The following describes a new particle generation event remote sensing identification device provided by the present invention. The new particle generation event remote sensing identification device described below and the new particle generation event remote sensing identification method described above can be referenced to each other.

[0105] refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a remote sensing identification device for a new particle generation event provided by the present invention, which includes an observation module 501, a first determination module 502, a second determination module 503, an acquisition module 504, an update module 505 and an output module 506.

[0106] Observation module 501, configured to perform ground-based remote sensing observations based on a spectrophotometer and a solar sky radiometer to obtain remote sensing observation data, wherein the remote sensing observation data includes ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth;

[0107] A first determining module 502 is configured to determine a regional nucleation index based on ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth;

[0108] The second determining module 503 is used to determine the number of days for the first new particle to be generated when the regional nucleation index is greater than a preset observation initial threshold;

[0109] An acquisition module 504 is configured to acquire a second new particle generation day obtained through online measurement and a third new particle generation day used for reference;

[0110] An updating module 505 is configured to iteratively update the initial observation threshold based on the first new particle generation day, the second new particle generation day, and the third new particle generation day to obtain an observation target threshold;

[0111] The output module 506 is used to obtain the regional nucleation index of the target date, and when the regional nucleation index of the target date is greater than the observation target threshold and the duration is greater than the preset duration threshold, the target date is used as the new particle generation date.

[0112] Specifically, the above-mentioned new particle generation event remote sensing identification device provided by the present invention can implement all the method steps implemented in the above-mentioned new particle generation event remote sensing identification method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effects. The parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment that are the same as those of the method embodiment will not be specifically described here.

[0113] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of the electronic device provided by the present invention, such as Figure 6As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 610 , a communications interface 620 , a memory 630 and a communication bus 640 , wherein the processor 610 , the communications interface 620 and the memory 630 communicate with each other via the communication bus 640 . The processor 610 can call the logic instructions in the memory 630 to execute the remote sensing identification method of new particle generation events, which includes: performing ground-based remote sensing observations based on a spectrophotometer and a solar sky radiometer to obtain remote sensing observation data, wherein the remote sensing observation data includes ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth; determining a regional nucleation index based on the ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth; determining a first new particle generation day when the regional nucleation index is greater than a preset observation initial threshold; obtaining a second new particle generation day obtained by online measurement and a third new particle generation day for reference; iteratively updating the observation initial threshold based on the first new particle generation day, the second new particle generation day, and the third new particle generation day to obtain an observation target threshold; obtaining the regional nucleation index of a target date, and when the regional nucleation index on the target date is greater than the observation target threshold and the duration is greater than the preset duration threshold, using the target date as the new particle generation date.

[0114] Furthermore, the logic instructions in the aforementioned memory 630 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0115] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. The computer program can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events provided by the above methods. The method includes: performing ground-based remote sensing observations based on a spectrophotometer and a solar sky radiometer to obtain remote sensing observation data, wherein the remote sensing observation data includes ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration and aerosol optical thickness; based on ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration and aerosol optical thickness, The method comprises the following steps: determining a regional nucleation index based on the thickness of the particle; determining the first new particle generation day when the regional nucleation index is greater than a preset observation initial threshold; obtaining a second new particle generation day obtained by online measurement and a third new particle generation day for reference; iteratively updating the observation initial threshold based on the first new particle generation day, the second new particle generation day, and the third new particle generation day to obtain an observation target threshold; obtaining the regional nucleation index of the target date, and taking the target date as the new particle generation date when the regional nucleation index of the target date is greater than the observation target threshold and the duration is greater than the preset duration threshold.

[0116] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events provided by the above-mentioned methods, the method comprising: conducting ground-based remote sensing observations based on a spectrophotometer and a solar sky radiometer to obtain remote sensing observation data, wherein the remote sensing observation data includes ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth; determining a regional nucleation index based on the ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth; determining a first new particle generation day on which the regional nucleation index is greater than a preset observation initial threshold; obtaining a second new particle generation day obtained by online measurement and a third new particle generation day for reference; iteratively updating the observation initial threshold based on the first new particle generation day, the second new particle generation day, and the third new particle generation day to obtain an observation target threshold; obtaining a regional nucleation index for a target date, and when the regional nucleation index on the target date is greater than the observation target threshold and the duration is greater than a preset duration threshold, using the target date as the new particle generation date.

[0117] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., they may be located in one location or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected based on actual needs to achieve the objectives of the present embodiment. Persons of ordinary skill in the art will be able to understand and implement the present invention without inventive effort.

[0118] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented using software plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or of course, hardware. Based on this understanding, the essence of the above technical solution, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and includes a number of instructions for causing a computer device (such as a personal computer, server, or network device) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or certain portions of the embodiments.

[0119] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events, characterized in that: include: Conducting ground-based remote sensing observations using a spectrophotometer and a solar sky radiometer to obtain remote sensing observation data, wherein the remote sensing observation data includes ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth; determining a regional nucleation index based on the ultraviolet irradiance, the gaseous precursor concentration, and the aerosol optical depth; Determining the number of days for the first new particle generation when the regional nucleation index is greater than a preset observation initial threshold; Obtaining a second new particle generation day obtained by online measurement and a third new particle generation day used for reference; Iteratively updating the initial observation threshold based on the first new particle generation day, the second new particle generation day, and the third new particle generation day to obtain an observation target threshold; A regional nucleation index of a target date is obtained, and when the regional nucleation index of the target date is greater than the observation target threshold and the duration is greater than a preset duration threshold, the target date is used as a new particle generation date.

2. The remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gaseous precursor concentration includes a sulfur dioxide column concentration, a nitrogen dioxide column concentration, and a formaldehyde column concentration. The determining of the regional nucleation index based on the ultraviolet irradiance, the gaseous precursor concentration, and the aerosol optical thickness includes: determining a first product of the ultraviolet irradiance at the target wavelength and the sulfur dioxide column concentration; Determining a ratio of the first product to the square of the aerosol optical depth as a sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring indicator; determining a second product of the ultraviolet irradiance at the target wavelength and the formaldehyde column concentration; determining a ratio of the second product to the square of the aerosol optical depth as a formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring indicator; The sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index and the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index are used as regional nucleation indicators.

3. The remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method further comprises: using the ratio of the sulfur dioxide column concentration to the aerosol optical thickness as a sulfur dioxide priority indicator; using the ratio of the nitrogen dioxide column concentration to the aerosol optical depth as a nitrogen dioxide priority indicator; The sulfur dioxide priority index and the nitrogen dioxide priority index are used as primary nucleation indexes.

4. The remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events according to claim 1, characterized in that: The observation target threshold includes: a sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index threshold and a formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index threshold; the observation target threshold is used to minimize the overall difference between the first new particle generation days, the second new particle generation days, and the third new particle generation days.

5. The remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquiring of the regional nucleation index of the target date, and taking the target date as the new particle generation date when the regional nucleation index of the target date is greater than the observation target threshold and the duration is greater than a preset duration threshold, includes: Obtain sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring indicators on the target date; When the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index is greater than the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index threshold in the observation target threshold and a first duration exceeds a preset duration threshold, the target date is used as a new particle generation date, wherein the first duration is the cumulative duration that the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index is greater than the sulfur dioxide remote sensing monitoring index threshold.

6. The remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquiring of the regional nucleation index of the target date, and taking the target date as the new particle generation date when the regional nucleation index of the target date is greater than the observation target threshold and the duration is greater than a preset duration threshold, includes: Obtain formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring indicators on the target date; When the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index is greater than the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index threshold in the observation target threshold and the second duration exceeds the preset duration threshold, the target date is used as the new particle generation date, wherein the second duration is the cumulative duration that the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index is greater than the formaldehyde remote sensing monitoring index threshold.

7. A remote sensing device for identifying new particle generation events, characterized in that: include: An observation module, configured to perform ground-based remote sensing observations based on a spectrophotometer and a solar sky radiometer to obtain remote sensing observation data, wherein the remote sensing observation data includes ultraviolet irradiance, gaseous precursor concentration, and aerosol optical depth; a first determining module, configured to determine a regional nucleation index based on the ultraviolet irradiance, the gaseous precursor concentration, and the aerosol optical depth; A second determining module is used to determine the number of days for the first new particle generation when the regional nucleation index is greater than a preset observation initial threshold; an acquisition module, configured to acquire a second new particle generation day obtained by online measurement and a third new particle generation day for reference; an updating module, configured to iteratively update the initial observation threshold based on the first new particle generation day, the second new particle generation day, and the third new particle generation day to obtain an observation target threshold; The output module is used to obtain a regional nucleation index on a target date, and when the regional nucleation index on the target date is greater than the observation target threshold and the duration is greater than a preset duration threshold, the target date is used as a new particle generation date.

8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the remote sensing identification method for new particle generation events according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

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