Speed measurement method and system for train wheel defect detection

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a speed measurement method and system for train wheel defect detection, and relates to the technical field of speed detection. The speed measurement method for train wheel defect detection comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring a first moment and a second moment; step 2, calculating a difference value between the second moment and the first moment to obtain first time; thirdly, the distance between the first measuring point and the second measuring point is a first distance, and the average speed of the train is obtained according to the ratio of the first distance to first time; the first measuring point and the second measuring point are respectively provided with a laser sensor and a wheel sensor, and a trigger point of the wheel sensor corresponds to the laser light speed of the laser sensor up and down. According to the method, the false triggering problem possibly occurring in a traditional speed measurement method is effectively avoided, and the speed measurement accuracy and reliability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of speed detection, and in particular to a speed measurement method and system for detecting defects in train wheels. Background Art

[0002] During the long-term operation of the train, the contact between the wheels and the track, as well as the bumps generated during the operation, will cause the train wheels to deform. This deformation will not only affect the comfort and safety of the train, but may also cause other mechanical failures. Therefore, in order to ensure the stable operation and driving safety of the train, the train wheels must be inspected regularly to detect and repair wheel defects in a timely manner.

[0003] At present, the existing technology generally uses multiple sensors and high frame rate cameras to realize the defect detection of train wheels. It is generally used to set multiple laser sensors at equal intervals to detect the time when the train wheels pass by. The speed of the train is calculated by the distance between the sensors and the time taken by the wheels to pass through multiple laser sensors, and then the shooting time of the high frame rate camera is calculated. The high frame rate camera samples the contact points between the train wheels and the track, and uses the image frame difference processing technology to extract the intersection of the wheel rim and the track as the key detection point, so as to analyze whether there are defects in the wheel.

[0004] However, there are other components on the train chassis, such as oil pipes, which may interfere with the signal of the laser sensor, causing the sensor to be triggered incorrectly, resulting in measurement errors, which in turn affects the camera's shooting time and even causes the camera to fail to correctly capture the wheels, affecting the accuracy of the detection results. Summary of the invention

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a speed measurement method for train wheel defect detection is provided to solve the problems raised by the above background technology.

[0006] In a first aspect of the present invention, a speed measurement method for train wheel defect detection is provided.

[0007] The speed measurement method for train wheel defect detection comprises the following steps: Step 1. Obtain a first moment and a second moment, wherein the first moment is the moment when the wheel reaches the first measuring point, and the second moment is the moment when the wheel reaches the second measuring point; Step 2. Calculate the difference between the second moment and the first moment to obtain the first time; Step 3. The distance between the first measuring point and the second measuring point is a first distance, and the average speed of the train is obtained by comparing the first distance with the first time; Wherein, the first measuring point and the second measuring point are both provided with a laser sensor and a wheel sensor, and the trigger point of the wheel sensor corresponds to the laser light speed of the laser sensor; When the wheel passes through the first measuring point, the laser sensor detects that the wheel passes through its laser beam area, and the wheel sensor is triggered during the period when the wheel passes through the laser beam, determines that the wheel passes, and records the moment as the first moment; When the wheel passes the second measuring point, the laser sensor detects that the wheel passes through its laser beam area, and the wheel sensor is triggered during the period when the wheel passes through the laser beam, determines that the wheel passes, and records the moment as the second moment.

[0008] Preferably, the first step further includes obtaining a third moment, the third moment being the moment when the wheel reaches a third measuring point, the first measuring point, the second measuring point and the third measuring point are arranged equidistantly in sequence, the third measuring point is provided with a laser sensor and a wheel sensor, and the trigger point of the wheel sensor corresponds to the laser light speed of the laser sensor; The second step also includes calculating the difference between the third moment and the second moment to obtain a second time; The third step also includes calculating the acceleration of the train from the first measuring point to the third measuring point and the instantaneous speed of the train when it reaches the third measuring point.

[0009] Preferably, the wheel sensor is an inductive sensor, and the wheel rim is detected by the wheel sensor.

[0010] Preferably, the method further comprises adjusting the height of the laser sensor so that the light beam emitted by the laser sensor is 20-25 mm higher than the rail surface.

[0011] Preferably, the method further comprises adjusting the position of the wheel sensor along the track so that the trigger point of the wheel sensor corresponds to the light beam emitted by the laser sensor in the upper and lower directions.

[0012] In a second aspect of the present invention, a speed measurement system for train wheel defect detection is provided.

[0013] The speed measurement system for train wheel defect detection includes: at least two laser sensors, at least two wheel sensors and a track; the track includes a first steel rail and a second steel rail arranged in parallel; the laser beam of the laser sensor is perpendicular to the track and passes through the track; the wheel sensor is arranged on the inner side of the first steel rail; the trigger point of the wheel sensor is located on the lower side of the laser beam of the laser sensor.

[0014] Preferably, the number of the laser sensors and the wheel sensors is the same, and the number of the laser sensors and the wheel sensors is at least three; the laser sensor includes a laser emitting module and a laser receiving module, and the laser emitting module and the laser receiving module are respectively arranged on both sides of the track.

[0015] Preferably, it further comprises two mounting bases, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the track and parallel to the track, and the laser emitting module and the laser receiving module are respectively arranged on the two mounting bases.

[0016] Preferably, the laser emission module comprises a shell, a lifting mechanism, a first laser emitter and a second laser emitter; the lifting mechanism is arranged inside the shell, the first laser emitter and the second laser emitter are arranged in an up-and-down arrangement, and the height difference between the first laser emitter and the second laser emitter is 20-25 mm, the first laser emitter and the second laser emitter are both connected to the lifting mechanism, and the upper wall of the shell is provided with a notch for the first laser emitter and the second laser emitter to extend out; The laser receiving module includes two mounting plates, a first motor, a driving shaft, a flip plate, a first laser receiver and a second laser receiver; the driving shaft is rotatably mounted between the two mounting plates, the first motor is mounted on the mounting plate, and the output end of the first motor is connected to the driving shaft for driving the driving shaft to rotate, the flip plate is fixedly connected to the driving shaft, and the first laser receiver and the second laser receiver are both mounted on the flip plate.

[0017] Preferably, the method also includes an adjustment component, which includes a guide rail, a slider, a bending plate, a third laser receiver and an electric push rod; the guide rail is connected to the waist of the first steel rail, the slider is slidably connected to the guide rail, the bending plate is fixedly connected to the slider, the wheel sensor is installed on the bending plate, one end of the electric push rod is rotatably connected to the bottom of the first steel rail, the other end of the electric push rod is rotatably connected to the bending plate, the third laser receiver is connected to the bending plate, and a detection hole is opened on the second steel rail for the laser beam emitted by the first laser emitter to pass through.

[0018] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: The present invention provides a speed measurement method for train wheel defect detection, which can accurately obtain a first moment and a second moment, and use the time difference between the two moments (i.e., the first time) and the known distance between a first measuring point and a second measuring point (the first distance) to calculate the average speed of the train, thereby providing accurate vehicle speed data for subsequent wheel defect detection.

[0019] This method effectively avoids the false triggering problem that may occur in traditional speed measurement methods, improves the accuracy and reliability of speed measurement, and thus provides more precise support for wheel defect detection.

[0020] The upper and lower corresponding design of the laser sensor and the wheel sensor makes the relationship between the laser beam and the wheel sensor trigger point clearer. When the wheel passes by, the laser sensor can detect the existence of the wheel before the wheel sensor, and the wheel sensor accurately triggers the signal when the wheel rim passes through its detection area. This upper and lower corresponding layout effectively avoids possible time overlap or signal interference between the laser sensor and the wheel sensor, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the trigger signal and avoiding speed measurement errors caused by false triggering.

[0021] The wheel sensor triggers a signal only when the wheel rim passes, rather than relying on the friction between the wheel and the track, which greatly reduces the impact of wheel idling or slipping on the measurement results. In traditional speed measurement methods, wheel diameter wear may affect the calculation of train speed, especially the measurement method based on the friction between the track and the wheel. However, by relying on the wheel sensor to detect the wheel rim, the system can directly obtain the actual size change of the wheel, thereby reducing the impact of wheel diameter wear on speed measurement accuracy. The combination of laser sensors and wheel sensors can reduce false triggering by verifying the passing event of the wheel. The laser sensor is used to detect whether the wheel enters the laser beam area, while the wheel sensor relies on the physical contact signal of the wheel rim. Only when both sensors are triggered will the system consider that the wheel has passed, effectively eliminating the interference of non-wheel objects.

[0022] It should be understood that the contents described in the summary of the invention are not intended to limit the key or important features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Other features of the present invention will become easily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The above and other features, advantages and aspects of the embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent with reference to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements, wherein: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a speed measuring system for detecting defects in train wheels according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 2Show Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram at A in the middle; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a laser sensor of a speed measurement system for detecting defects in train wheels according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a laser emission module of a speed measurement system for train wheel defect detection according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a laser receiving module of a speed measurement system for detecting defects in train wheels according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a laser receiving module of a speed measuring system for detecting defects in train wheels according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram showing the connection between the adjustment component and the first rail of the speed measurement system for train wheel defect detection according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an exploded structure of an adjustment component of a speed measuring system for detecting defects in train wheels according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Fig. 9 A schematic side view of the structure of a speed measurement system for train wheel defect detection according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0024] Description of Reference Numerals 1-laser sensor, 11-laser emission module, 111-housing, 112-lifting mechanism, 1121-second motor, 1122-guide shaft, 1123-screw, 1124-lifting plate, 113-first laser emitter, 114-second laser emitter, 12-laser receiving module, 121-mounting plate, 1211-arc notch, 127-mounting rod, 128-protective plate, 122-first motor, 123-drive shaft, 124-flip plate, 125-first laser receiver, 126-second laser receiver, 2-wheel sensor, 3-track, 31-first rail, 32-second rail, 321-detection hole, 4-mounting base, 5-adjustment component, 51-guide rail, 52-slider, 53-bending plate, 54-third laser receiver, 55-electric push rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In addition, the term "and / or" in this article is only a description of the association relationship between the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Fig. 9 As shown, in a first aspect of the present invention, a speed measurement method for train wheel defect detection is provided.

[0028] The present invention provides a speed measurement method for train wheel defect detection, which accurately measures the time difference between train wheels passing through two measuring points and then calculates the average speed of the train, so as to provide accurate speed information for subsequent defect detection. The following is a specific implementation of the speed measurement method: Step 1: Obtain a first moment and a second moment, wherein the first moment is the moment when the train wheels arrive at the first measuring point; the second moment is the moment when the train wheels arrive at the second measuring point.

[0029] Step 2: Calculate the difference between the second moment and the first moment to obtain the first time, where the first time represents the time taken by the same wheel to pass through the first measuring point and the second measuring point; Step 3: Calculate the average speed of the train from the first measuring point to the second measuring point based on the known distance between the first measuring point and the second measuring point (i.e., the first distance) and the first time. The specific calculation formula is: in, Indicates the average speed of the train from the first measuring point to the second measuring point; s 1 Indicates the distance from the first measuring point to the second measuring point; t 1 Indicates the first time.

[0030] The first measuring point and the second measuring point are both provided with a laser sensor 1 and a wheel sensor 2, wherein: The laser sensor 1 is used to emit a laser beam and detect whether a wheel passes by; The wheel sensor 2 is used to detect the wheel rim and determine whether the wheel has passed.

[0031] When the train wheel passes the first measuring point, laser sensor 1 first detects that the wheel enters its laser beam area, and wheel sensor 2 is also triggered during the wheel passing through the laser beam. When the wheel rim passes wheel sensor 2, wheel sensor 2 sends a trigger signal, and this moment is recorded as the first moment.

[0032] When the train wheel passes the second measuring point, the laser sensor 1 detects again that the wheel enters its laser beam area, and the wheel sensor 2 is also triggered again during the wheel passing through the laser beam, and this moment is recorded as the second moment.

[0033] The laser beam emitted by the laser sensor 1 is located above the rail surface to ensure that the passing wheels can be effectively detected; Wheel sensor 2 is located below the rail surface and uses an inductive sensor. The inductive sensor works on the principle of electromagnetic induction and is mainly composed of an excitation coil, a magnetic field sensing area, and a receiving circuit. When a metal object (such as a wheel) approaches the sensor, it will cause a change in the sensor's magnetic field, thereby generating an induced current (eddy current) and causing a change in the inductance value. Wheel sensor 2 is installed below the rail surface and determines whether a wheel has passed by by detecting the metal material on the wheel rim.

[0034] Through the above method, the first moment and the second moment can be accurately obtained, and the average speed of the train can be calculated using the time difference between the two moments (i.e., the first time) and the known distance between the first measuring point and the second measuring point (the first distance), thereby providing accurate vehicle speed data for subsequent wheel defect detection.

[0035] When a train wheel passes, laser sensor 1 first detects that the wheel has entered its laser beam area. When the laser beam reaches the wheel surface, laser sensor 1 starts to trigger and record preliminary information about the wheel passing. As the wheel continues to roll along track 3, its wheel rim passes through the sensing area of ​​wheel sensor 2 in sequence. Since the wheel rim is circular, when the wheel rim passes wheel sensor 2, wheel sensor 2 is triggered and records the exact moment when the wheel rim passes. Subsequently, the wheel continues to roll until it completely passes laser sensor 1, and laser sensor 1 stops triggering again, indicating that the wheel has completely passed through the laser beam area.

[0036] Only when the laser sensor 1 and the wheel sensor 2 are triggered successively, the object is confirmed to be a train wheel. This judgment method effectively avoids the false triggering that may occur in the traditional speed measurement method, such as false triggering when other non-wheel objects (such as oil pipes, debris, etc.) pass through the sensor, ensuring that the system only responds to the passage of train wheels. Therefore, through the linkage triggering of the laser sensor 1 and the wheel sensor 2, not only the accuracy of speed measurement is improved, but also the reliability of the speed measurement system is greatly improved, providing accurate support for subsequent wheel defect detection.

[0037] The upper and lower corresponding design of laser sensor 1 and wheel sensor 2 makes the relationship between the laser beam and the trigger point of wheel sensor 2 clearer. When the wheel passes by, laser sensor 1 can detect the existence of the wheel before wheel sensor 2, and wheel sensor 2 accurately triggers the signal when the wheel rim contacts. This upper and lower corresponding layout effectively avoids possible time overlap or signal interference between laser sensor 1 and wheel sensor 2, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the trigger signal and avoiding speed measurement errors caused by false triggering.

[0038] Wheel sensor 2 triggers a signal only when the wheel rim contacts the sensor, rather than relying on the friction between the wheel and the track 3, which greatly reduces the impact of wheel idling or slipping on the measurement results. In traditional speed measurement methods, wheel diameter wear may affect the calculation of train speed, especially the measurement method based on the friction between the track 3 and the wheel. However, by relying on the detection of the wheel rim by wheel sensor 2, the system can directly obtain the actual size change of the wheel, thereby reducing the impact of wheel diameter wear on speed measurement accuracy. The combination of laser sensor 1 and wheel sensor 2 can reduce false triggering by verifying the passing event of the wheel. Laser sensor 1 is used to detect whether the wheel enters the laser beam area, while wheel sensor 2 relies on the change in the electromagnetic field caused by the passing of the wheel rim to trigger the signal output. Only when both sensors are triggered will the system consider that the wheel has passed, thereby effectively eliminating the interference of non-wheel objects.

[0039] There are multiple cameras CAM, which are set along the rails. The train first passes the first measuring point, then the second measuring point, and finally the camera CAM. The distance between the camera CAM and the second measuring point is known. By calculating the train speed, the time when the train wheels reach the camera CAM can be further calculated, thereby accurately determining the shooting time of the camera CAM. In a specific implementation, multiple cameras can be set at equal distances, and the shooting time of the cameras can be confirmed in turn to ensure that the camera CAM takes photos of the wheels, and then the wheels are inspected based on the wheel photos to determine whether there are defects.

[0040] Since the train may be moving at a certain acceleration during its movement, it is necessary to calculate the acceleration of the train in order to further improve the accuracy of the camera's shooting time.

[0041] To solve this problem, the train acceleration needs to be calculated. In this embodiment, Fig. 9 As shown, 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5# correspond to the first measuring point, the second measuring point, the third measuring point, the fourth measuring point and the fifth measuring point respectively. The first step also includes obtaining a third moment, the third moment is the moment when the wheel reaches the third measuring point, the first measuring point, the second measuring point and the third measuring point are arranged equidistantly in sequence, the third measuring point is provided with a laser sensor 1 and a wheel sensor 2, the trigger point of the wheel sensor 2 corresponds to the laser light speed of the laser sensor 1; The second step also includes calculating the difference between the third moment and the second moment to obtain a second time; The third step also includes calculating the acceleration of the train from the first measuring point to the third measuring point and the instantaneous speed of the train when it reaches the third measuring point.

[0042] Set the parameters as follows: The distance between the first measuring point and the second measuring point is S1, and the time it takes for the wheel to reach the second measuring point from the first measuring point is t 1 ; The distance between the second measuring point and the third measuring point is S2, and the time it takes for the wheel to reach the third measuring point from the second measuring point is t 2 ; The time when the wheel reaches the first measuring point is T 1 , instantaneous speed V 1 ; The time when the wheel reaches the second measuring point is T 2 , instantaneous speed V 2 ; The time when the wheel reaches the second measuring point is T 3 , instantaneous speed V 3 .

[0043] The distance between the third measuring point and the first camera CAM photo point is L, where L is known data based on actual layout, and the time it takes for the train to reach the first camera CAM photo point from the third measuring point is t.

[0044] The calculation formula for the wheel acceleration from the first measuring point to the third measuring point is: The calculation formula for the instantaneous speed of the wheel passing the third measuring point is: If the current position of the wheel is known, then the formula can be used: The time when the wheel reaches the first camera CAM shooting point from the third measuring point is obtained as t. The moment when the wheel reaches the third measuring point is the triggering moment of the wheel sensor 2. Therefore, according to the moment and the time when the wheel reaches the first camera CAM shooting point from the third measuring point, the shooting moment of the first camera CAM can be calculated. Through this method, the accuracy of camera shooting can be significantly improved, ensuring that the camera captures the wheel image at the correct moment, thereby effectively avoiding the situation where the camera fails to shoot the wheel due to the moment calculation error.

[0045] In this embodiment, the method further includes adjusting the height of the laser sensor 1 so that the laser beam emitted by the sensor is 20 to 25 mm higher than the rail surface to ensure an effective detection distance between the laser beam and the wheel.

[0046] In addition, the present embodiment also includes adjusting the position of the wheel sensor 2 along the track 3 so that the trigger point of the wheel sensor 2 corresponds to the laser beam emitted by the laser sensor 1, thereby achieving accurate wheel detection. When the wheel passes, the laser sensor 1 and the wheel sensor 2 can work together to ensure the accuracy of the trigger signal.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, in a second aspect of the present invention, a speed measurement system for train wheel defect detection is provided.

[0048] At least two laser sensors 1, at least two wheel sensors 2 and a track 3; the track 3 includes a first steel rail 31 and a second steel rail 32 arranged in parallel; the laser beam of the laser sensor 1 is perpendicular to the track 3 and passes through the track 3; the wheel sensor 2 is arranged on the inner side of the first steel rail 31; the trigger point of the wheel sensor 2 is located on the lower side of the laser beam of the laser sensor 1.

[0049] When the train wheel passes, the outer edge of the wheel will block the laser beam, and the laser sensor 1 will immediately detect the interruption of the beam and generate a trigger signal. The wheel sensor 2 is installed on the inner side of the first rail 31, close to the contact surface of the track 3. The trigger point of the wheel sensor 2 is located on the lower side of the laser beam of the laser sensor 1 to ensure that the wheel rim triggers the wheel sensor 2 when the wheel passes. The wheel sensor 2 uses an inductive sensor or other non-contact sensor. When the wheel passes, the wheel rim will press the wheel sensor 2, triggering the sensor to generate a signal. Used in conjunction with the trigger signal of the laser sensor 1, the wheel sensor 2 can provide more accurate wheel passing information to ensure the accuracy of the system's speed measurement and defect detection. When the train wheel passes through the laser sensor 1, the laser beam is blocked by the outer edge of the wheel, and the laser sensor 1 immediately generates a trigger signal. At the same time, the wheel sensor 2 generates a signal by detecting the wheel rim passing. By recording the triggering time of the two sensors, the time difference is calculated based on the triggering time of the first measuring point and the second measuring point, and then the speed of the train wheel can be calculated. The cooperation of the laser sensor 1 and the wheel sensor 2 ensures the synchronization of signals and the accuracy of speed measurement, and effectively avoids the problem of false triggering caused by interference from other components.

[0050] In this embodiment, the number of the laser sensors 1 and the wheel sensors 2 is the same, and the number of the laser sensors 1 and the wheel sensors 2 is at least three; the laser sensor 1 includes a laser emitting module 11 and a laser receiving module 12, and the laser emitting module 11 and the laser receiving module 12 are respectively arranged on both sides of the track 3.

[0051] The number of laser sensors 1 is at least three, wherein each pair of laser emitting module 11 and laser receiving module 12 is respectively arranged on both sides of track 3. The laser beam emitted by laser emitting module 11 is perpendicular to track 3 and passes through the track 3 area; while laser receiving module 12 receives the reflected signal of the laser beam passing through the wheel. When the outer edge of the wheel passes through the laser beam, the beam will be blocked by the wheel, thereby triggering the laser receiving module 12 to send a signal (the laser receiving module 12 cannot receive the laser beam).

[0052] The number of the wheel sensors 2 is the same as the number of the laser sensors 1, and the number is at least three. The wheel sensor 2 is arranged on the inner side of the track 3, specifically on the inner side of the first steel rail 31, so that when the outer edge of the wheel passes, the wheel sensor 2 can detect the wheel rim and trigger a signal. The trigger point of each wheel sensor 2 is located below the laser beam, and can be accurately triggered when the outer edge of the wheel passes. When the wheel rim passes through the wheel sensor 2, the sensor generates a signal, thereby ensuring that the moment when the wheel passes can be synchronously recorded to avoid speed measurement errors caused by false triggering or missed triggering.

[0053] Since the train may experience changes in acceleration during travel, the system dynamically calculates the instantaneous speed of the train through multiple measuring points (for example, the first measuring point, the second measuring point, and the third measuring point), and compensates according to the acceleration of the train. By calculating the time difference and distance between the train wheels at different measuring points, the acceleration value of the train can be obtained, thereby more accurately predicting the time when the train arrives at the camera's photo point. This information can be used to accurately control the camera's shooting moment, ensuring that the camera can shoot when the wheels pass by, avoiding shooting errors caused by changes in acceleration. Among them, the specific calculation methods of the wheel acceleration, average speed, and instantaneous speed refer to the above-mentioned speed measurement method for train wheel defect detection, and will not be described in detail here.

[0054] It should be noted that the wheelbase of adjacent wheels is greater than the distance between adjacent measuring points. The main purpose of setting the wheelbase of adjacent wheels to be greater than the distance between adjacent measuring points is to ensure that each test can independently and accurately measure the speed and acceleration of each wheel. Since the wheel base is longer, it means that between adjacent measuring points, the wheel has enough time to update the status when passing, which helps to avoid sudden speed changes or measurement blind spots caused by too short distances between measuring points.

[0055] By setting three adjacent measuring points, the system can accurately calculate the speed and acceleration of the train wheels. The three measuring points provide sufficient position information and time data, allowing the system to use continuous measurement results to calculate the speed of the train (the speed between every two measuring points) and acceleration (speed change rate). In specific implementation, according to actual needs and the specific conditions of the speed measurement section, the appropriate number of measuring points can be flexibly selected to optimize the performance of the speed measurement system. The detailed configuration can be adjusted according to the actual application, and the specific plan will be determined according to actual needs during implementation.

[0056] In this embodiment, the speed measurement system includes two mounting bases 4, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the track 3, and the two mounting bases 4 are parallel to the track 3. A laser emitting module 11 and a laser receiving module 12 are respectively arranged on the upper part of each mounting base 4 for emitting and receiving laser signals. The relative position between the laser emitting module 11 and the laser receiving module 12 is fixed to ensure that the laser beam passes vertically on the track 3.

[0057] In this embodiment, the laser emission module 11 includes a shell 111, a lifting mechanism 112, a first laser emitter 113 and a second laser emitter 114; the lifting mechanism 112 is arranged inside the shell 111, the first laser emitter 113 and the second laser emitter 114 are arranged up and down, and the height difference between the first laser emitter 113 and the second laser emitter 114 is 20~25mm, the first laser emitter 113 and the second laser emitter 114 are both connected to the lifting mechanism 112, and the upper wall of the shell 111 is provided with a notch for the first laser emitter 113 and the second laser emitter 114 to extend out.

[0058] When not in use, the first laser emitter 113 and the second laser emitter 114 are both located in the housing 111, and the lifting mechanism 112 is in the initial position. When the system is started, the lifting mechanism 112 drives the first laser emitter 113 and the second laser emitter 114 to move upward until the laser beam emission angle and the height setting of the track 3 reach a predetermined working state. During the lifting process, the laser beam emitted by the first laser emitter 113 is preferentially higher than the rail surface of the second steel rail 32 and is received by the laser receiving module 12. At this time, the laser beam of the second laser emitter 114 has not yet reached the rail surface, but is blocked by the second steel rail 32. When the first laser emitter 113 continues to rise and emit a laser beam, the laser beam of the second laser emitter 114 is gradually received by the laser receiving module 12. As the lifting process continues, when the laser beam emitted by the second laser emitter 114 is just received by the laser receiving module 12, the driving device of the lifting mechanism 112 stops moving. At this time, the distance between the laser beam emitted by the first laser emitter 113 and the rail surface is stabilized at 20-25 mm to ensure the accurate emission height of the laser beam and meet the system's requirements for measurement accuracy.

[0059] Since climate change may cause deformation of the first rail 31 and the second rail 32 (e.g., winter expansion, etc.), the rail surface height may change. In order to adapt to these changes, the design of the lifting mechanism 112 allows the height of the first laser emitter and the second laser emitter 114 to be automatically adjusted according to environmental changes. Through this adjustment, it is ensured that no matter how the rail 3 is deformed, the emission height of the laser beam is always maintained within a predetermined range (20~25mm), effectively ensuring that the relative position between the laser beam and the rail 3 is not affected by the external environment.

[0060] The lifting mechanism 112 includes a second motor 1121, a guide shaft 1122, a screw 1123 and a lifting plate 1124; two guide shafts 1122 are arranged in the housing 111, the screw 1123 is rotatably installed in the housing 111, the lifting plate 1124 is slidably connected to the guide shafts 1122, the second motor 1121 is connected to the screw 1123, and is used to drive the screw 1123 to rotate, the screw 1123 passes through the lifting plate 1124, and is threadedly connected to the lifting plate 1124, and the first laser emitter 113 and the second laser emitter 114 are installed on the lifting plate 1124. Start the second motor 1121, the second motor 1121 drives the screw 1123 to rotate, the screw 1123 drives the lifting plate 1124 to perform lifting and lowering movements, and the guide shaft 1122 guides the lifting plate 1124 to ensure that the lifting plate 1124 runs smoothly. When the lifting plate 1124 moves upward, the lifting plate 1124 will drive the first laser emitter 113 and the second laser emitter 114 to extend out of the housing 111. When the lifting plate 1124 moves downward, the lifting plate 1124 will drive the first laser emitter 113 and the second laser emitter 114 to retract into the housing 111.

[0061] The laser receiving module 12 includes two mounting plates 121, a first motor 122, a driving shaft 123, a flip plate 124, a first laser receiver 125, and a second laser receiver 126; the driving shaft 123 is rotatably mounted between the two mounting plates 121 to ensure that the driving shaft 123 can rotate smoothly. The first motor 122 is mounted on the outer side of the mounting plate 121, and its output end is connected to the driving shaft 123 to drive the driving shaft 123 to rotate. By rotating the driving shaft 123, the first motor 122 can drive the flip plate 124 to rotate, thereby enabling the laser receiver on the flip plate 124 to complete the necessary positioning adjustment.

[0062] The flip plate 124 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 123, and a first laser receiver 125 and a second laser receiver 126 are mounted on the flip plate 124. The function of the laser receiver is to receive the laser beams from the laser transmitters 113 and 114. The design of the flip plate 124 enables the laser receiver to adjust its orientation according to requirements in different working states, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the received laser signal.

[0063] When not in use, the first laser receiver 125 and the second laser receiver 126 face the protective plate 128, which provides effective protection to prevent the laser receivers from being affected or damaged by external objects. The design of the protective plate 128 ensures that the laser receivers can be safely protected when not in use, thereby extending their service life.

[0064] When the laser receiving module 12 is needed, the first motor 122 is started, and the first motor 122 drives the driving shaft 123 to rotate, thereby driving the flip plate 124 to rotate. During the rotation of the flip plate 124, the receiving surfaces of the first laser receiver 125 and the second laser receiver 126 are adjusted to face the first laser emitter 113 and the second laser emitter 114, so as to receive the laser beams from the emitters.

[0065] To ensure the stability of the flip plate 124, mounting rods 127 are provided on both sides of the flip plate 124. Arc-shaped notches 1211 are provided on the two mounting plates 121, and the mounting rods 127 extend into the arc-shaped notches 1211. When the flip plate 124 rotates, the mounting rods 127 move in the arc-shaped notches 1211, providing a stable rotation trajectory, thereby ensuring the accuracy and stability of the flip plate 124 when rotating. This design reduces the friction and shaking when the flip plate 124 rotates, ensuring the smoothness of the flipping process and the accurate positioning of the laser receiver.

[0066] In this embodiment, the system further includes an adjustment component 5. As the use time increases, the vibration caused by the running of the train easily causes the position of the wheel sensor 2 to shift. Therefore, in this embodiment, an adjustment component 5 is designed to adjust the position of the wheel sensor 2. The adjustment component 5 includes a guide rail 51, a slider 52, a bending plate 53, a third laser receiver 54 and an electric push rod 55. The guide rail 51 is fixedly connected to the waist of the first steel rail 31 to ensure that the adjustment component 5 can be stably installed in the track 3 system; the slider 52 is slidably connected to the guide rail 51, and the slider 52 can slide freely along the direction of the track 3 on the guide rail 51, so as to realize the flexible adjustment of the position of the wheel sensor 2; the bending plate 53 is fixedly connected to the slider 52, and the bending plate 53 plays the role of bearing and transmitting the adjustment movement, so that the wheel sensor 2 can be accurately adjusted on the track 3 as needed; the wheel sensor 2 is installed on the bending plate 53, and as the bending plate 53 moves, the wheel sensor 2 can accurately match the relationship between the laser sensor 1 and the wheel; the electric push rod 55 is used to drive the bending plate 53 to move, so as to adjust the position of the wheel sensor 2 to adapt to different track 3 positions and wheel detection requirements; the third laser receiver 54 is connected to the bending plate 53, and is responsible for receiving the laser signal emitted by the first laser emitter 113 to ensure that the pairing between the wheel sensor 2 and the laser emitter is accurate.

[0067] In actual use, the first laser emitter 113 is controlled to emit a laser beam. The laser beam first passes through the hole provided on the housing 111, and further passes through the detection hole 321 provided on the second rail 32, and finally irradiates the first rail 31. This path ensures that the laser beam can directly act on the track 3 area for accurate measurement. In the initial state, the slider 52 is located at one end of the guide rail 51, and the electric push rod 55 is in an inactive state; after the electric push rod 55 is started, the electric push rod 55 drives the bending plate 53 to slide along the direction of the guide rail 51, and the slider 52 and the wheel sensor 2 move with the bending plate 53; as the adjustment process proceeds, the wheel sensor 2 moves along the first rail 31, thereby achieving accurate matching between the wheel sensor 2 and the laser sensor 1; at the same time, the third laser receiver 54 moves with the bending plate 53 and receives the laser beam emitted by the first laser emitter 113. When the third laser receiver 54 receives the laser signal, the electric push rod 55 stops operating, and the control system adjusts the position of the wheel sensor 2 in real time to ensure accurate matching between the wheel sensor 2 and the laser emitter. When the wheel sensor 2 is adjusted into place, the lifting mechanism 112 and the second laser emitter 114 are started to adjust the height of the first laser emitter 113 , thereby ensuring that the emission angle and direction of the laser beam are consistent with the working requirements of the track 3 and the wheel sensor 2 .

[0068] The above specific implementations do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A speed measurement method for train wheel defect detection, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1. Obtain a first moment and a second moment, wherein the first moment is the moment when the wheel reaches the first measuring point, and the second moment is the moment when the wheel reaches the second measuring point; Step 2. Calculate the difference between the second moment and the first moment to obtain the first time; Step 3. The distance between the first measuring point and the second measuring point is a first distance, and the average speed of the train is obtained by comparing the first distance with the first time; Wherein, the first measuring point and the second measuring point are both provided with a laser sensor (1) and a wheel sensor (2), and the trigger point of the wheel sensor (2) corresponds to the laser light speed of the laser sensor (1) at a certain angle; When the wheel passes through the first measuring point, the laser sensor (1) detects that the wheel passes through its laser beam area, and the wheel sensor (2) is triggered during the period when the wheel passes through the laser beam, determines that the wheel has passed, and records the moment as the first moment; When the wheel passes through the second measuring point, the laser sensor (1) detects that the wheel passes through its laser beam area, and the wheel sensor (2) is triggered during the period when the wheel passes through the laser beam, determines that the wheel has passed, and records the moment as the second moment.

2. The speed measurement method for train wheel defect detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first step also includes obtaining a third moment, the third moment being the moment when the wheel reaches a third measuring point, the first measuring point, the second measuring point and the third measuring point being arranged in sequence and equidistantly, the third measuring point being provided with a laser sensor (1) and a wheel sensor (2), the trigger point of the wheel sensor (2) being corresponding to the laser light speed of the laser sensor (1); The second step also includes calculating the difference between the third moment and the second moment to obtain a second time; The third step also includes calculating the acceleration of the train from the first measuring point to the third measuring point and the instantaneous speed of the train when it reaches the third measuring point.

3. The speed measurement method for train wheel defect detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wheel sensor (2) is an inductive sensor, and the wheel rim is detected by the wheel sensor (2).

4. The speed measurement method for train wheel defect detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes adjusting the height of the laser sensor (1) so that the light beam emitted by the laser sensor (1) is 20 to 25 mm higher than the rail surface.

5. The speed measurement method for train wheel defect detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes adjusting the position of the wheel sensor (2) along the track (3) so that the trigger point of the wheel sensor (2) corresponds to the light beam emitted by the laser sensor (1) in the upper and lower directions.

6. A speed measurement system for train wheel defect detection, characterized in that: include: At least two laser sensors (1), at least two wheel sensors (2) and a track (3); the track (3) comprises a first steel rail (31) and a second steel rail (32) arranged in parallel; a laser beam of the laser sensor (1) is perpendicular to the track (3) and passes through the track; the wheel sensor (2) is arranged on the inner side of the first steel rail (31); and a trigger point of the wheel sensor (2) is located below the laser beam of the laser sensor (1).

7. The speed measurement system for train wheel defect detection according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of the laser sensors (1) and the wheel sensors (2) is the same, and the number of the laser sensors (1) and the wheel sensors (2) is at least three; the laser sensor (1) comprises a laser emitting module (11) and a laser receiving module (12), and the laser emitting module (11) and the laser receiving module (12) are respectively arranged on both sides of the track (3).

8. The speed measurement system for train wheel defect detection according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also comprises two mounting bases (4), the two mounting bases (4) being respectively arranged on both sides of the track (3), and the two mounting bases (4) being parallel to the track, and the laser emitting module (11) and the laser receiving module (12) being respectively arranged on the two mounting bases (4).

9. The speed measurement system for train wheel defect detection according to claim 7, characterized in that: The laser emission module (11) comprises a housing (111), a lifting mechanism (112), a first laser emitter (113), and a second laser emitter (114); the lifting mechanism (112) is arranged inside the housing (111); the first laser emitter (113) and the second laser emitter (114) are arranged in an up-and-down arrangement; the height difference between the first laser emitter (113) and the second laser emitter (114) is 20-25 mm; the first laser emitter (113) and the second laser emitter (114) are both connected to the lifting mechanism (112); and an upper wall of the housing (111) is provided with a notch through which the first laser emitter (113) and the second laser emitter (114) extend; The laser receiving module (12) comprises two mounting plates (121), a first motor (122), a drive shaft (123), a flip plate (124), a first laser receiver (125) and a second laser receiver (126); the drive shaft (123) is rotatably mounted between the two mounting plates (121); the first motor (122) is mounted on the mounting plates (121); and an output end of the first motor (122) is connected to the drive shaft (123) for driving the drive shaft (123) to rotate; the flip plate (124) is fixedly connected to the drive shaft (123); and the first laser receiver (125) and the second laser receiver (126) are both mounted on the flip plate (124).

10. The speed measurement system for train wheel defect detection according to claim 9, characterized in that: The invention also comprises an adjustment component (5), the adjustment component (5) comprising a guide rail (51), a slider (52), a bending plate (53), a third laser receiver (54) and an electric push rod (55); the guide rail (51) is connected to the waist of the first steel rail (31); the slider (52) is slidably connected to the guide rail (51); the bending plate (53) is fixedly connected to the slider (52); the wheel sensor (2) is mounted on the bending plate (53); one end of the electric push rod (55) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the first steel rail (31); the other end of the electric push rod (55) is rotatably connected to the bending plate (53); the third laser receiver (54) is connected to the bending plate (53); and a detection hole (321) is provided on the second steel rail (32) for the laser beam emitted by the first laser emitter (113) to pass through.

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