Rootstalk crop harvesting and fertilizing all-in-one machine with adjustable row spacing

Abstract

The invention discloses a row-spacing-adjustable root crop harvesting and fertilizing all-in-one machine which is characterized in that three shovel frames are arranged on a rack in parallel, the middle shovel frame is fixed on the rack, the other two shovel frames are slidably connected to the rack, and a driving unit drives the shovel frames on the two sides to move in the same direction or back to back at the same time; the three digging shovels are fixed to the bottom sides of the three shovel frames and used for digging out a whole crop. The first stalk conveying belt and the second stalk conveying belt which are opposite in rotating direction are parallel and arranged at intervals to form a set of conveying units, and the three conveying units are arranged on the three shovel frames respectively and used for conveying crops. The first cutting knife and the second cutting knife which are opposite in rotating direction are arranged at intervals and form a group of cutting units, and the three cutting units are arranged on the three shovel frames and used for cutting off crop rhizomes. The high-adaptability requirement for line spacing in harvesting and fertilizing operation of rhizome crops is met, the operation efficiency is further improved, and farming procedures and time cost are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a root crop harvesting and fertilizing integrated machine with adjustable row spacing. Background Art

[0002] The traditional harvesting method of root crops (such as taro, potatoes, etc.) mainly relies on manual labor, which is inefficient, labor-intensive, and costly. In addition, due to the uncertainty of manual operation, the damage rate of crops is often high, affecting the economic benefits. In recent years, with the development of agricultural mechanization, root crop harvesters have gradually been used in the harvesting process of crops. However, existing root crop harvesters are usually designed with fixed row spacing and cannot be adjusted according to the actual row spacing of crop planting, resulting in low harvesting efficiency under different planting modes. In addition, due to the lack of joint fertilization function, the root crop harvester cannot complete multiple operations at the same time, resulting in low operating efficiency and insufficient utilization of agricultural machinery, affecting the overall economic benefits of agricultural production. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve the problems existing in the prior art and provides a root crop harvesting and fertilizing integrated machine with adjustable row spacing.

[0004] The technical solutions adopted in the present invention are: A root crop harvester and fertilizer with adjustable row spacing, comprising a frame, a digging shovel, a first stem conveyor belt, a second stem conveyor belt, a shovel frame, a driving unit, a first cutting knife and a second cutting knife, wherein the three shovel frames are arranged in parallel on the frame, and the shovel frame located in the middle position is fixed on the frame, and the remaining shovel frames on both sides are slidably connected to the frame, and the driving unit drives the shovel frames on both sides to move toward or away from each other at the same time; three digging shovels are fixed on the bottom sides of the three shovel frames for digging out whole crops; the first stem conveyor belt and the second stem conveyor belt with opposite rotation directions are parallel and arranged at intervals to form a group of conveying units, and the three conveying units are respectively arranged on the three shovel frames for conveying crops; the first cutting knife and the second cutting knife with opposite rotation directions are arranged at intervals to form a group of cutting units, and the three cutting units are arranged on the three shovel frames for cutting off roots and stems of crops.

[0005] Furthermore, the driving unit includes a linkage plate and a pin shaft, the linkage plate is slidably connected to the frame, and the sliding direction is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the corresponding shovel frame, a pin shaft is fixed to the shovel frames on both sides, and inclined grooves are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the linkage plate, the pin shaft is inserted into the inclined grooves, the linkage plate slides and is linked to the pin shaft through the inclined grooves, so that the shovel frames on both sides move toward or away from each other at the same time.

[0006] Furthermore, a bearing is provided on the pin shaft, and the bearing is placed in the inclined groove.

[0007] Furthermore, the linkage plate is driven by a screw mechanism, including a screw and a drive motor, the drive motor is fixed on the frame, one end of the screw is connected to the motor shaft of the drive motor, and the other end is rotatably connected to the linkage plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the first cutting knife and the three first stalk conveyor belts are driven by a first linkage mechanism and rotate synchronously, and the second cutting knife and the three second stalk conveyor belts are driven by a second linkage mechanism and rotate synchronously.

[0009] Furthermore, the first linkage mechanism and the second linkage mechanism each include a chain, a sprocket, a pulley, a tensioning sprocket and a motor, a plurality of sprockets are rotatably connected to the three shovel frames, all the sprockets in the first linkage mechanism and the second linkage mechanism are respectively linked to each other by a chain, the first cutting knife and the second cutting knife are respectively fixed to the sprockets in the first linkage mechanism and the second linkage mechanism, and the remaining sprockets fix a pulley through an axis, the chain in the first linkage mechanism rotates and drives the first cutting knife and the three first stalk conveyor belts to rotate in the same direction; the chain in the second linkage mechanism rotates and drives the second cutting knife and the three second stalk conveyor belts to rotate in the same direction; the chains in the first linkage mechanism and the second linkage mechanism are both driven to rotate by a motor, and the tensioning sprocket is elastically supported on the frame and meshes with the chain.

[0010] Furthermore, a spring and a mounting block are provided on the frame, the mounting block is slidably connected to the frame, the tensioning sprocket is rotatably connected to the mounting block and meshes with the chain, one end of the spring abuts against the frame, and the other end abuts against the mounting block.

[0011] Furthermore, the first cutting knife and the second cutting knife are both toothed structures, and the two toothed blades are staggered with each other.

[0012] Furthermore, a fertilizer spraying hose is arranged on each shovel frame, a material collection box is fixed on the frame, and the spraying hose is connected with the material collection box.

[0013] Furthermore, the digging shovel is provided with a plurality of toothed digging blades.

[0014] The present invention meets the high adaptability requirements for row spacing in the harvesting and fertilizing operations of root crops, and realizes synchronous fertilization while harvesting. By optimizing the joint operation process of fertilization and harvesting, the operation efficiency is further improved, the farming process and time cost are reduced, the uniform distribution of soil nutrients is ensured, and the soil quality for the next round of planting is improved. The present invention realizes the coordinated operation of the first stalk conveyor belt, the second stalk conveyor belt, the first cutting knife and the second cutting knife through two motors and a mechanical linkage mechanism, with high transmission efficiency, stable transmission and good use effect. The resulting beneficial effects are: 1) The present invention utilizes a variable row spacing electromechanical device to simultaneously perform multiple harvests, thereby improving harvesting efficiency and reducing resource waste and environmental pollution.

[0015] 2) The present invention integrates a combined fertilization device to apply fertilizers while harvesting, which can effectively improve farmers' labor efficiency and promote the growth of the next crop, further optimizing agricultural production efficiency and sustainability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is an assembly drawing of the first cutting knife and the second cutting knife on the shovel frame.

[0018] Figure 3 A structural diagram of a fertilizer spreading hose being arranged on each shovel frame and a fertilizer spreading hose being connected to a collecting box.

[0019] Figure 4 A structural diagram showing a first stalk conveyor belt, a second stalk conveyor belt, a first cutting knife and a second cutting knife assembled on three shovel frames.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of three shovel frames.

[0021] Figure 6 It is the maximum limit position of the two outer shovel frames 4 when they are far away.

[0022] Figure 7 It is the maximum limit position of the two outer shovel frames 4 when they are close to each other.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a diagram of the chain state change in the first linkage mechanism when the two outer shovel frames are at the maximum limit position when they are far away.

[0024] Fig. 9 This is a diagram of the chain state change in the first linkage mechanism when the two outer shovel frames are close to the maximum limit position.

[0025] Fig.10 This is a diagram of the chain state change in the second linkage mechanism when the two outer shovel frames are at the maximum limit position when they are far away.

[0026] Fig.11 This is a diagram of the chain state change in the second linkage mechanism when the two outer shovel frames are close to the maximum limit position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 5The present invention discloses a root crop harvesting and fertilizing integrated machine with adjustable row spacing, comprising a frame 1, a digging shovel 2, a first stem conveyor belt 31, a second stem conveyor belt 32, a shovel frame 4, a driving unit 5, a first cutting knife 61 and a second cutting knife 62.

[0029] Three shovel frames 4 are arranged in parallel on the frame 1, and the shovel frame 4 in the middle is fixed on the frame 1, and the remaining two shovel frames 4 are symmetrically arranged and slidably connected to both sides of the frame 1. The driving unit 5 drives the shovel frames 4 on both sides to move toward or away from the middle shovel frame 4 at the same time.

[0030] Three digging shovels 2 are fixed to the bottom sides of three shovel frames 4 for digging out whole crops.

[0031] The first stalk conveyor belt 31 rotates in opposite directions to the second stalk conveyor belt 32 . The first stalk conveyor belt 31 and the second stalk conveyor belt 32 are parallel and spaced apart to form a group of conveying units. The three conveying units are respectively arranged on three shovel frames 4 for conveying crops.

[0032] The first cutting knife 61 and the second cutting knife 62 rotate in opposite directions. The first cutting knife 61 and the second cutting knife 62 are arranged at intervals to form a group of cutting units. The three cutting units are arranged on the three shovel frames 4 for cutting roots and stems of crops.

[0033] The driving unit 5 includes a linkage plate 51 and a pin shaft 54. A symmetrically arranged guide rod 13 is provided on the frame 1. Both ends of the linkage plate 51 are plugged into the guide rod 13 to realize the sliding assembly of the linkage plate 51 on the frame 1. The sliding direction of the linkage plate 51 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the shovel frames 4 on both sides.

[0034] A pin shaft 54 ​​is fixed to the shovel frames 4 on both sides, and inclined grooves 511 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the linkage plate 51. The pin shaft 54 ​​on each side is inserted into the inclined groove on the corresponding side. The linkage plate 51 slides and links the pin shaft 54 ​​through the inclined groove. The pin shaft 54 ​​drives the corresponding shovel frame 4, so that the shovel frames 4 on both sides move toward or away from each other at the same time.

[0035] In order to ensure the sliding effect of the pin shaft 54 ​​in the inclined groove 511 , a bearing is provided on the pin shaft 54 ​​, and the bearing is placed in the inclined groove 511 .

[0036] In the present invention, the linkage plate 51 is driven by a screw mechanism, which includes a screw rod 52 and a drive motor 53. The drive motor 53 is fixed to the frame 1. The screw rod 52 is rotatably connected to the frame 1, and one end of the screw rod 52 is connected to the motor shaft of the drive motor 53, and the other end is rotatably connected to the linkage plate 51. The drive motor 53 rotates to drive the linkage plate 51 to slide on the frame 1.

[0037] The first cutting knife 61 and the three first stalk conveyor belts 31 in the present invention are driven by the first linkage mechanism and realize synchronous rotation, and the second cutting knife 62 and the three second stalk conveyor belts 32 are driven by the second linkage mechanism and realize synchronous rotation. Only by setting two linkage mechanisms, the rotation of all the first stalk conveyor belts 31, the second stalk conveyor belts 32, the first cutting knife 61 and the second cutting knife 62 can be realized, and it can be ensured that the first cutting knife 61 and the first stalk conveyor belt 31 rotate in the same direction and synchronously, the second cutting knife 62 and the second stalk conveyor belt 32 rotate in the same direction and synchronously, and the two linkage mechanisms can realize that the conveying directions of the first stalk conveyor belt 31 and the second stalk conveyor belt 32 are opposite.

[0038] The first linkage mechanism and the second linkage mechanism are purely mechanical linkage mechanisms, and the two linkage mechanisms include the same components and the same working principle, and both include a chain 71, a sprocket 72, a pulley 73, a tensioning sprocket 74 and a motor 75. Taking the first linkage mechanism as an example, the principle and assembly of the linkage mechanism are further described.

[0039] A plurality of sprockets 72 are rotatably connected to the three shovel frames 4, a guide plate 15 is fixed on the frame 1, the sprockets 72 on the shovel frames 4 on both sides fix the rotating shaft, a bearing is provided at the top of the rotating shaft, a strip groove is provided on the guide plate 15, and the bearing is placed in the strip groove. When the shovel frames 4 on both sides move toward and away from each other, they are guided by the strip groove.

[0040] All the sprockets 72 are linked by a chain 71, the first cutting blade 61 is fixed to one of the sprockets 72, the remaining sprockets 72 are fixed to a pulley 73 via a shaft, and the first stalk conveyor belts 31 on the three shovel frames 4 are driven by the corresponding pulleys 73. To ensure the stability of the transmission, the chain and the sprocket in the present invention are toothed chains and toothed sprockets.

[0041] The motor drives one of the sprockets to rotate, and drives the first cutting knife 61 and the three first stalk conveyor belts 31 to rotate in the same direction. The tensioning sprocket 74 is elastically supported on the frame 1 and meshed with the chain 71.

[0042] Similarly, the second linkage mechanism is assembled and linked in the same manner, except that the chain 71 in the second linkage mechanism rotates and drives the second cutting blade 62 and the three second stalk conveyor belts 32 to rotate in opposite directions. As a result, the two first stalk conveyor belts 31 and the second stalk conveyor belts 32 on each shovel frame 4 rotate in opposite directions, and the crops are placed between the first stalk conveyor belts 31 and the second stalk conveyor belts 32 to achieve the transportation of the crops.

[0043] The first cutting knife 61 and the second cutting knife 62 on each shovel frame 4 rotate in opposite directions (the blades of the two cutting knives are meshed), and when the crops move between the two cutting knives, the crop stems and fruits are separated.

[0044] Since it is a chain and sprocket transmission, when the position of the outer shovel frame 4 is adjusted, the tension of the chain needs to be adjusted appropriately to meet the transmission requirements, because a floating tensioning sprocket 74 is set in the first linkage mechanism and the second linkage mechanism to ensure that the chain is always in a tensioned state.

[0045] The mounting structure of the tensioning sprocket 74 is as follows: a spring 11 and a mounting block 12 are provided on the frame 1, the mounting block 12 is slidably connected to the frame 1, the tensioning sprocket 74 is rotatably connected to the mounting block 12 and meshes with the chain 71, one end of the spring 11 abuts against the frame 1, and the other end abuts against the mounting block 12.

[0046] The first cutting blade 61 and the second cutting blade 62 in the present invention are both tooth-shaped structures, and the two tooth-shaped blades are staggered with each other.

[0047] The present invention can realize rhizome cutting and sowing operations. Specifically, a fertilizer spraying hose 41 is arranged on each shovel frame 4, and a collection box 42 is fixed on the frame 1. The spraying hose 41 is connected to the collection box 42. After the excavating shovel 2 turns the soil, sowing is carried out through the fertilizer spraying hose 41. The gap between the two outer fertilizer spraying hoses 41 is adjusted with the gap between the two shovel frames 4, and a corresponding control valve is arranged on the spraying hose 41.

[0048] The digging shovel 2 is provided with a plurality of toothed digging edges to improve digging efficiency.

[0049] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 When the gap between the three shovel frames 4 needs to be adjusted (i.e., the positions of the two outer shovel frames 4 change), the drive motor 53 is controlled to rotate forward and reverse, and the drive motor 53 rotates to drive the linkage plate 51 to slide on the frame 1, and the position change of the two shovel frames 4 is achieved through the linkage between the bearing and the inclined groove 511. Figure 6 It is the maximum limit position of the two outer shovel frames 4 when they are far away. Figure 7 It is the maximum limit position of the two outer shovel frames 4 when they are close to each other.

[0050] Figure 8 and Fig. 9 This is a diagram showing that when the positions of the two outer shovel frames 4 change, after the state of the chain 71 in the first linkage mechanism changes, the tensioning sprocket 74 acts on the chain 71 and keeps the chain 71 in a tensioned state. Figure 8 It is the maximum limit position of the two outer shovel frames 4 when they are far away. Fig. 9 It is the maximum limit position of the two outer shovel frames 4 when they are close to each other.

[0051] Fig.10 and Fig.11 This is a diagram showing that when the positions of the two outer shovel frames 4 change, after the state of the chain 71 in the second linkage mechanism changes, the tensioning sprocket 74 acts on the chain 71 and keeps the chain 71 in a tensioned state. Fig.10 It is the maximum limit position of the two outer shovel frames 4 when they are far away. Fig.11 It is the maximum limit position of the two outer shovel frames 4 when they are close to each other.

[0052] When harvesting root crops with fruits, such as taro and potato, a passage for separating the fruits from the roots and stems can be set in the frame 1. After the first cutting knife 61 and the second cutting knife 62 cut the roots and stems, the fruits and roots and stems are sent to the fruit collection frame 81 and the root collection frame 82 from the corresponding flow channels. The flow channel is designed according to the form of the frame 1 and the harvester, which is not a protection point of the present invention, and this part of the content will not be repeated.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements should also be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A root crop harvesting and fertilizing integrated machine with adjustable row spacing, characterized in that: The invention comprises a frame (1), an excavating shovel (2), a first stalk conveyor belt (31), a second stalk conveyor belt (32), a shovel frame (4), a driving unit (5), a first cutting knife (61) and a second cutting knife (62), wherein the three shovel frames (4) are arranged in parallel on the frame (1), and the shovel frame (4) located in the middle position is fixed on the frame (1), and the remaining shovel frames (4) on both sides are slidably connected to the frame (1), and the driving unit (5) drives the shovel frames (4) on both sides to move towards or away from each other at the same time; the three excavating shovels (2) are fixed on the three shovel frames (4) is used to dig out the whole crop; a first stem conveyor belt (31) and a second stem conveyor belt (32) with opposite rotation directions are parallel and spaced apart to form a group of conveying units, and the three conveying units are respectively arranged on the three shovel frames (4) for conveying crops; a first cutting knife (61) and a second cutting knife (62) with opposite rotation directions are spaced apart to form a group of cutting units, and the three cutting units are arranged on the three shovel frames (4) for cutting the roots and stems of crops, and a fertilizer spraying hose (41) is arranged on each shovel frame (4).

2. The integrated machine for harvesting and fertilizing root crops with adjustable row spacing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The driving unit (5) comprises a linkage plate (51) and a pin shaft (54). The linkage plate (51) is slidably connected to the frame (1), and the sliding direction is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the corresponding shovel frame (4). A pin shaft (54) is fixed to the shovel frames (4) on both sides. Inclined grooves (511) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the linkage plate (51). The pin shaft (54) is inserted into the inclined grooves. The linkage plate (51) slides and is linked to the pin shaft (54) through the inclined grooves, so that the shovel frames (4) on both sides move towards or away from each other at the same time.

3. The integrated machine for harvesting and fertilizing root crops with adjustable row spacing as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The pin shaft (54) is provided with a bearing, and the bearing is placed in the inclined groove (511).

4. The integrated machine for harvesting and fertilizing root crops with adjustable row spacing as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The linkage plate (51) is driven by a screw mechanism, comprising a screw rod (52) and a drive motor (53). The drive motor (53) is fixed on the frame (1). One end of the screw rod (52) is connected to the motor shaft of the drive motor (53), and the other end is rotationally connected to the linkage plate (51).

5. The integrated machine for harvesting and fertilizing root crops with adjustable row spacing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The first cutting blade (61) and the three first stalk conveyor belts (31) are driven by a first linkage mechanism and achieve synchronous rotation, and the second cutting blade (62) and the three second stalk conveyor belts (32) are driven by a second linkage mechanism and achieve synchronous rotation.

6. The integrated machine for harvesting and fertilizing root crops with adjustable row spacing as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The first linkage mechanism and the second linkage mechanism both comprise a chain (71), a sprocket (72), a belt pulley (73), a tensioning sprocket (74) and a motor (75); a plurality of sprockets (72) are rotatably connected to the three shovel frames (4); all the sprockets (72) in the first linkage mechanism and the second linkage mechanism are respectively linked via a chain (71); the first cutting knife (61) and the second cutting knife (62) are respectively fixed to the sprockets (72) in the first linkage mechanism and the second linkage mechanism; the remaining sprockets (72) are fixed via a shaft. The chain (71) in the first linkage mechanism rotates and drives the first cutting knife (61) and the three first stalk conveyor belts (31) to rotate in the same direction; the chain (71) in the second linkage mechanism rotates and drives the second cutting knife (62) and the three second stalk conveyor belts (32) to rotate in the same direction; the chains (71) in the first linkage mechanism and the second linkage mechanism are both driven to rotate by a motor (75); the tensioning sprocket (74) is elastically supported on the frame (1) and meshes with the chain (71).

7. The integrated machine for harvesting and fertilizing root crops with adjustable row spacing as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The frame (1) is provided with a spring (11) and a mounting block (12), the mounting block (12) is slidably connected to the frame (1), the tensioning sprocket (74) is rotatably connected to the mounting block (12) and meshes with the chain (71), one end of the spring (11) abuts against the frame (1), and the other end abuts against the mounting block (12).

8. The integrated machine for harvesting and fertilizing root crops with adjustable row spacing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The first cutting knife (61) and the second cutting knife (62) are both tooth-shaped structures, and the two tooth-shaped blades are staggered with each other.

9. The integrated machine for harvesting and fertilizing root crops with adjustable row spacing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A material collection box (42) is fixed on the frame (1), and all the material spraying hoses (41) are connected to the material collection box (42).

10. The integrated machine for harvesting and fertilizing root crops with adjustable row spacing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The digging shovel (2) is provided with a plurality of toothed digging blades.

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