A support structure and construction method for subway dark excavation

Abstract

The present invention discloses a support structure for underground excavation of subway, comprising a slide rail fixed in the underground excavation tunnel, a base slidably connected to the slide rail, an inner support slidably installed on the base, side supports symmetrically connected to both sides of the inner support, a top support slidably connected to the side support, the top support is located at one end of the inner support away from the base; a lifting and adjusting assembly is provided between the top support and the inner support, the lifting and adjusting assembly is used to adjust the distance between the top support and the inner support; a plurality of first elastic members are connected between the top support and the inner support, the first elastic members are used to provide a force for the top support to move away from the inner support. The support structure and construction method for underground excavation of subway of the present invention solve the problems that the prior art cannot adapt to the change of tunnel size, resulting in unsatisfactory support effect, or the use of support structures of different specifications leads to increased construction difficulty and high construction cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of dark-digging tunnel support, and in particular to a support structure for dark-digging subway and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] Subways are fast, high-capacity, electric-powered rail transit built in cities. Trains run on fully enclosed lines, and the lines in the central urban area are basically located in underground tunnels. During the construction of subway tunnels, support structures are used to support the side walls of the tunnels for passage or further construction. Due to errors in the tunnel excavation process, the existing support structures cannot adapt well to the size changes of the tunnels during the construction of subway tunnels, resulting in unsatisfactory support effects or the need for multiple support structures of different specifications to support the tunnels, which increases the difficulty of construction and high construction costs.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a supporting structure and construction method for subway dark excavation in view of the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a support structure and construction method for subway dark excavation, which can solve the problems that the existing technology cannot adapt to changes in tunnel size, resulting in unsatisfactory support effect, or the use of support structures of different specifications leads to increased construction difficulty and high construction cost.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a support structure for underground excavation of a subway, comprising a slide rail fixed in the underground excavation tunnel, a base being slidably connected to the slide rail, an inner support being slidably mounted on the base, side supports being symmetrically connected to both sides of the inner support, a top support being slidably connected to the side support, the top support being located at one end of the inner support away from the base; a lifting and adjusting component is provided between the top support and the inner support, the lifting and adjusting component is used for adjusting the distance between the top support and the inner support; a plurality of first elastic members are connected between the top support and the inner support, the first elastic members are used for providing a force for the top support to move away from the inner support.

[0007] Furthermore, the lifting and lowering adjustment component includes a first slider slidably connected to the top support, the top support is provided with a plurality of first slide grooves adapted to the first slider, and two first sliders are symmetrically provided on both sides of the first slide groove; a lifting bracket is rotatably connected to any of the first sliders, the two lifting brackets are cross-arranged, and the two lifting brackets are rotatably connected through a connecting shaft; a second slider is rotatably connected to one end of any of the lifting brackets away from the first slider, a second slide groove slidably connected to the second slider is provided on the inner support, a driving screw is rotatably connected in the second slide groove, the driving screw simultaneously passes through the corresponding two second sliders, and is threadedly connected to the corresponding two second sliders; a driving component for driving the driving screw to rotate is connected to the driving screw.

[0008] Furthermore, the side support includes a side slide and an arc-shaped side plate connected to the side slide, a plurality of side support rods are provided between the arc-shaped side plate and the inner support, and the arc-shaped side plate is against the base; the side slide is fixedly connected to the inner support, a plurality of third slide grooves arranged in the vertical direction are provided on the side slide, and the top support includes a plurality of sliding plates adapted to the third slide grooves; a second elastic member is provided between the sliding plate and the side slide, and two ends of the second elastic member are respectively fixed to the sliding plate and the side slide, for providing a supporting force for the sliding plate away from the side slide.

[0009] Furthermore, the lifting bracket includes two parallel supporting rotating plates, and the two ends of the supporting rotating plates are respectively rotatably connected to the first slider and the second slider on both sides through mounting shafts; a number of reinforcing rods are fixedly connected between the two supporting rotating plates, and the several reinforcing rods are perpendicular to the supporting rotating plates.

[0010] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes a driven gear fixed on the driving screw, the driven gear is meshed with a transmission gear, the transmission gear is rotatably mounted on the inner support and penetrates the inner support; the transmission gear is meshed with a driving gear, the driving gear is detachably connected to a driver, and the driver is detachably connected to the inner support.

[0011] Furthermore, a protective cover is fixedly connected to the inner support, the protective cover is arranged on the outer side of the driving gear and is rotatably connected to the driving gear through a transmission shaft; a plurality of limiting holes are circumferentially provided on the driving gear, a locking bolt is threadedly connected to the protective cover, and the locking bolt passes through the protective cover and engages with the limiting holes; the transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the driving gear and is detachably connected to the driver through a coupling.

[0012] Furthermore, the base includes an arc-shaped bottom plate and a bottom support plate fixed on the arc-shaped bottom plate, a plurality of bottom support rods are connected between the bottom support plate and the arc-shaped bottom plate, and sliding frames are fixedly connected on both sides between the bottom support plate and the arc-shaped bottom plate, and the sliding frames are provided with sliding grooves adapted to the sliding rails.

[0013] Furthermore, the top support also includes an arc-shaped top plate and a support plate fixedly connected to the arc-shaped top plate, and a plurality of top support rods are connected between the arc-shaped top plate and the support plate; a plurality of sliding plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the support plate; and the first sliding groove is arranged on the bottom surface of the support plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the first slider and the second slider are both provided with a clearance groove for installing the lifting bracket; the bottom support plate is provided with a plurality of fourth sliding grooves, and the bottom of the inner support is provided with a plurality of sliding rods slidably installed in the fourth sliding grooves.

[0015] The present invention provides a construction method for a support structure for subway dark excavation, which is used for any of the above-mentioned support structures for subway dark excavation, and comprises: step 1: fixing the slide rail to the bottom of the tunnel according to the size of the base, and laying a certain length of the slide rail according to the excavation needs; step 2: inserting the installed base into the slide rail, and pushing the base to move to a required position along the slide rail; step 3: installing the two side supports and the lifting and adjusting assembly on the inner support, and then fixing the top support on the two side supports and the lifting and adjusting assembly; step 4: inserting the installed inner support into the base and sliding it along the base to a required position; step 5: starting the lifting and adjusting assembly to adjust the distance between the top support and the inner support according to the size of the tunnel at the location, so that the top support is tightly fitted to the top wall of the tunnel.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0017] The present invention provides a support structure and construction method for subway dark excavation. Through the setting of the lifting and adjusting components, the support position of the top support can be automatically adjusted according to the size of the tunnel, so that the top support is closely fitted with the upper wall of the tunnel, and the tunnel is more fully supported, so as to facilitate passage and further construction; through the setting of the inner support, the base, side support and top support around can be provided with a better limiting and fixing effect, and the installation and fixing effect of each structure is better, and the structure is more stable; through the sliding setting of the slide rail and the base, and the base and the inner support, the base and the inner support can be installed according to the tunnel construction situation, and the installation is more flexible. The base, side support and top support are split structures, which are more convenient to transport and install, and the construction process is simpler and more convenient. This kind of subway dark excavation support structure and construction method solves the problem that the existing technology cannot adapt to the changes in tunnel size, resulting in unsatisfactory support effect, or the use of support structures of different specifications leads to increased construction difficulty and high construction cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the supporting structure for subway dark excavation of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the supporting structure for subway dark excavation of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 For along Figure 3 The cross-sectional structure diagram along the AA line;

[0023] Figure 5 For along Figure 3 The cross-sectional structure diagram of the middle BB line;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the lifting and lowering adjustment component in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at C in the middle;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the inner support part in the present invention.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. slide rail; 2. base; 3. inner support; 4. side support; 5. top support; 6. lifting adjustment assembly; 7. first elastic member; 8. drive assembly; 21. arc bottom plate; 22. bottom support plate; 23. bottom support rod; 24. sliding frame; 31. second slide groove; 32. protective cover; 33. locking bolt; 34. sliding rod; 41. side sliding frame; 42. arc side plate; 43. side support rod; 44. second elastic member; 51. support plate; 52. sliding Plate; 53, arc-shaped top plate; 54, top support rod; 61, first slider; 62, lifting bracket; 63, connecting shaft; 64, second slider; 65, driving screw; 66, driving sprocket; 81, driven gear; 82, transmission gear; 83, driving gear; 84, driver; 85, transmission shaft; 86, coupling; 411, third slide slot; 511, first slide slot; 611, give way slot; 621, support rotating plate; 622, reinforcing rod; 831, limiting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0030] Please also read Figures 1 to 8 Now, a specific embodiment of a subway dark excavation support structure provided by the present invention is described. The subway dark excavation support structure includes a slide rail 1 fixed in the dark excavation tunnel, a base 2 is slidably connected to the slide rail 1, an inner support 3 is slidably installed on the base 2, side supports 4 are symmetrically connected to both sides of the inner support 3, and a top support 5 is slidably connected to the side support 4, and the top support 5 is located at the end of the inner support 3 away from the base 2; a lifting adjustment component 6 is provided between the top support 5 and the inner support 3, and the lifting adjustment component 6 is used to adjust the distance between the top support 5 and the inner support 3; a plurality of first elastic members 7 are connected between the top support 5 and the inner support 3, and the first elastic members 7 are used to provide a force for the top support 5 to move away from the inner support 3.

[0031] For illustration purposes, see Figure 1, take any point in the space as the origin, take the setting direction of the top support 5 relative to the inner support 3 as the Z axis, take the setting direction of the side support 4 relative to the inner support 3 as the Y axis, and take the straight line direction perpendicular to both the Y axis and the Z axis as the X axis to establish a rectangular coordinate system, wherein the XY plane is a horizontal plane, the direction indicated on the horizontal plane is the horizontal direction, and the direction indicated by the Z axis is the vertical direction.

[0032] In this embodiment, the first elastic member 7 includes a damper and a spring sleeved on the damper. In an initial state, the first elastic member 7 is in a compressed state, and the first elastic member 7 always provides a supporting force to the top support 5 .

[0033] The present invention provides a construction method for a support structure for subway dark excavation, which is used for the above-mentioned support structure for subway dark excavation, and includes: step 1: according to the size of the base 2, fix the slide rail 1 to the bottom of the tunnel, and lay a certain length of the slide rail 1 according to the excavation needs; step 2: insert the installed base 2 onto the slide rail 1, and push the base 2 to move to a required position along the slide rail 1; step 3: install two side supports 4 and a lifting and adjusting component 6 on the inner support 3, and then fix the top support 5 on the two side supports 4 and the lifting and adjusting component 6; step 4: insert the installed inner support 3 onto the base 2 and slide it along the base 2 to the required position; step 5: according to the size of the tunnel at the location, start the lifting and adjusting component 6 to adjust the distance between the top support 5 and the inner support 3, so that the top support 5 is closely fitted with the top wall of the tunnel to achieve a firm support effect.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, this kind of subway tunnel support structure can automatically adjust the support position of the top support 5 according to the size of the tunnel through the setting of the lifting and adjusting component 6, so that the top support 5 is closely fitted with the upper wall of the tunnel, and the tunnel is more fully supported, so as to facilitate passage and further construction; through the setting of the inner support 3, the surrounding base 2, side support 4 and top support 5 can be provided with a better limiting and fixing effect, and the installation and fixing effect of each structure is better and the structure is more stable; through the sliding setting of the slide rail 1 and the base 2, and the base 2 and the inner support 3, the base 2 and the inner support 3 can be installed according to the tunnel construction situation, and the installation is more flexible. The base 2, side support 4 and top support 5 are split structures, which are more convenient for transportation and installation, and the construction process is simpler and more convenient. This structure solves the problem that the prior art cannot adapt to the changes in tunnel size, resulting in unsatisfactory support effect, or the use of different specifications of support structures leads to increased construction difficulty and high construction cost.

[0035] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the lifting and adjusting assembly 6 includes a first slider 61 slidably connected to the top support 5, and a plurality of first slide grooves 511 adapted to the first slider 61 are provided on the top support 5. The lifting and adjusting assembly 6 is provided with a plurality of groups at intervals along the X-axis direction; two first sliders 61 are symmetrically provided on both sides of any first slide groove 511, and a lifting bracket 62 is rotatably connected to any first slider 61. The two lifting brackets 62 are cross-arranged, and the two lifting brackets 62 are rotatably connected through a connecting shaft 63; one end of any lifting bracket 62 away from the first slider 61 is rotatably connected to a second slider 64, and a second slide groove 31 slidably connected to the second slider 64 is provided on the inner support 3, and a driving screw 65 is rotatably connected in the second slide groove 31, and the driving screw 65 simultaneously penetrates the corresponding two second sliders 64 and is threadedly connected to the corresponding two second sliders 64; a driving assembly 8 for driving the driving screw 65 to rotate is connected to the driving screw 65; the second slide groove 31 and the first slide groove 511 correspond to the lifting and adjusting assembly 6 one by one.

[0036] In this embodiment, the first slider 61 and the second slider 64 are both provided with a make-way groove 611 for installing the lifting bracket 62; the first slider 61 and the first slide groove 511 are both T-shaped structures; the lifting bracket 62 includes two parallel supporting rotating plates 621, and the two ends of the supporting rotating plates 621 are respectively rotatably connected to the first slider 61 and the second slider 64 on both sides through the installation shaft; a plurality of reinforcing rods 622 are fixedly connected between the two supporting rotating plates 621, and the plurality of reinforcing rods 622 are perpendicular to the supporting rotating plates 621. When in use, the driving screw 65 rotates to drive the two second sliding blocks 64 to move relative to or away from each other, the angle between the two lifting brackets 62 becomes larger or smaller, and the two first sliding blocks 61 also move relative to or away from each other under the drive of the two lifting brackets 62; at this time, the top support 5 moves away from or close to the inner support 3, and the sliding plate 52 in the top support 5 moves upward or downward along the third sliding groove 411; during the adjustment process, the upward pressure of the top support 5 on the first elastic member 7 and the second elastic member 44 is reduced, and the first elastic member 7 and the second elastic member 44 are stretched under the action of their own elastic force, and continue to provide upward support force for the top support 5.

[0037] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the side support 4 includes a side slide 41 and an arcuate side plate 42 connected to the side slide 41, a plurality of side support rods 43 are arranged between the arcuate side plate 42 and the inner support 3, and the arcuate side plate 42 is against the base 2; the side slide 41 is fixedly connected to the inner support 3, a plurality of third slide grooves 411 arranged along the vertical direction are arranged on the side slide 41, and the top support 5 includes a plurality of sliding plates 52 adapted to the third slide grooves 411; a second elastic member 44 is arranged between the sliding plate 52 and the side slide 41, and the two ends of the second elastic member 44 are respectively fixed to the sliding plate 52 and the side slide 41, so as to provide a supporting force for the sliding plate 52 away from the side slide 41.

[0038] In this embodiment, the second elastic member 44 has the same structure as the first elastic member 7. Here, as long as the related performance of the second elastic member 44 and the first elastic member 7 can be achieved, it is within the scope of protection of this application document. The top support 5 also includes an arc-shaped top plate 53 and a support plate 51 fixedly connected to the arc-shaped top plate 53, and a plurality of top support rods 54 are connected between the arc-shaped top plate 53 and the support plate 51; a plurality of sliding plates 52 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the support plate 51; and a first slide groove 511 is arranged on the bottom surface of the support plate 51. The side slide frame 41 is a structure formed by splicing two parts cut along the X-axis direction where the center line of the third slide groove 411 is located.

[0039] During installation, a part of the side slide 41 is installed at the corresponding position of the inner support 3, the second elastic member 44 and the sliding plate 52 are installed in the third slide groove 411, and the other part of the side slide 41 is fastened and fixed on the installed part to complete the fixing of the second elastic member 44 and the limiting of the sliding plate 52; a plurality of side support rods 43 are fixed between the side slide 41, the inner support 3 and the base 2, and the arcuate side plate 42 is fixed on the side slide 41, the base 2 and a plurality of side support rods 43. The side support rods 43 can pass through the arcuate side plate 42 and be welded and fixed on the arcuate side plate 42. Install the installed second slider 64, driving sprocket 66 and driving screw 65 of driven gear 81 on the top of the inner support 3, then install the fixed cover plate, and limit the driving screw 65; fix the first elastic member 7 on the top of the inner support 3; fix the two installed lifting brackets 62 on the two second sliders 64, install the two first sliders 61 in the first slide groove 511 and fix them by blocking blocks; move the installed first slider 61, support plate 51, arc-shaped top plate 53 and top support rod 54 to the top of the inner support 3, fix the lifting bracket 62 to the first slider 61, fix the top of the first elastic member 7 and the top of the sliding plate 52 to the support plate 51, adjust the position of the second slider 64 on the driving screw 65 to complete the installation and adjustment, so that it can be moved into the tunnel for installation and construction.

[0040] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the driving assembly 8 includes a driven gear 81 fixed on the driving screw 65, and the driven gear 81 is meshed with a transmission gear 82, which is rotatably installed on the inner support 3 and is arranged through the inner support 3; the transmission gear 82 is meshed with a driving gear 83, and the driving gear 83 is detachably connected to a driver 84, and the driver 84 is detachably connected to the inner support 3. The driver 84 can be a motor provided with a fixing plate, and the fixing plate is detachably installed on the inner wall at the top of the inner support 3 by bolts.

[0041] In this embodiment, a protective cover 32 is fixedly connected to the inner support 3, the protective cover 32 is arranged on the outer side of the driving gear 83, and is rotatably connected to the driving gear 83 through a transmission shaft 85; a plurality of limiting holes 831 are circumferentially provided on the driving gear 83, and a locking bolt 33 is threadedly connected to the protective cover 32, and the locking bolt 33 penetrates the protective cover 32 and engages with the limiting holes 831; the transmission shaft 85 is fixedly connected to the driving gear 83, and is detachably connected to the driver 84 through a coupling 86. When in use, after the driver 84 adjusts the lifting and adjusting assembly 6 of a supporting structure, the locking bolt 33 is rotated to engage with the limiting hole 831 to limit and fix the driving gear 83, and the driver 84 and the coupling 86 are removed at the same time, and the driver 84 and the coupling 86 are connected to the next supporting structure to adjust the corresponding lifting and adjusting assembly 6.

[0042] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the base 2 includes an arc-shaped bottom plate 21 and a bottom support plate 22 fixed on the arc-shaped bottom plate 21, a plurality of bottom support rods 23 are connected between the bottom support plate 22 and the arc-shaped bottom plate 21, and a sliding frame 24 is fixedly connected to both sides between the bottom support plate 22 and the arc-shaped bottom plate 21, and the sliding frame 24 is provided with a sliding groove adapted to the slide rail 1. A plurality of bottom support rods 23 form a plurality of triangles with the bottom support plate 22 and the arc-shaped bottom plate 21; a plurality of side support rods 43 form a plurality of triangles with the side sliding frame 41 and the arc-shaped side plate 42; and a plurality of top support rods 54 form a plurality of triangles with the support plate 51 and the arc-shaped top plate 53.

[0043] In this embodiment, the bottom of the sliding plate 52 is provided with a convex engaging with the top of the third slide groove 411; the bottom support plate 22 is provided with a plurality of fourth slide grooves, and the bottom of the inner support 3 is provided with a plurality of sliding rods 34 slidably installed in the fourth slide grooves. The lifting adjustment assembly 6 is provided with a plurality of groups, and a plurality of driving screws 65 are fixedly installed with driving sprockets 66, and adjacent driving sprockets 66 are connected by chains.

[0044] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0045] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A supporting structure for underground excavation of subway, characterized in that: The invention comprises a slide rail (1) fixed in a dark tunnel, wherein a base (2) is slidably connected to the slide rail (1), an inner support (3) is slidably mounted on the base (2), side supports (4) are symmetrically connected to the two sides of the inner support (3), a top support (5) is slidably connected to the side support (4), and the top support (5) is located at one end of the inner support (3) away from the base (2); a lifting adjustment component (6) is provided between the top support (5) and the inner support (3), and the lifting adjustment component (6) is used to adjust the distance between the top support (5) and the inner support (3); a plurality of first elastic members (7) are connected between the top support (5) and the inner support (3), and the first elastic members (7) are used to provide a force for the top support (5) to move away from the inner support (3); The lifting and adjusting assembly (6) comprises a first slider (61) slidably connected to the top support (5), the top support (5) is provided with a plurality of first slide grooves (511) adapted to the first slider (61), and two first sliders (61) are symmetrically provided on both sides of the first slide groove (511); a lifting bracket (62) is rotatably connected to any of the first sliders (61), the two lifting brackets (62) are cross-arranged, and the two lifting brackets (62) are rotatably connected via a connecting shaft (63); an end of any of the lifting brackets (62) away from the first slider (61) is rotatably connected to a second slider (64), the inner support (3) is provided with a second slide groove (31) slidably connected to the second slider (64), a driving screw (65) is rotatably connected in the second slide groove (31), the driving screw (65) simultaneously passes through the corresponding two second sliders (64) and is threadedly connected to the corresponding two second sliders (64); a driving assembly (8) for driving the driving screw (65) to rotate is connected to the driving screw (65); The lifting bracket (62) comprises two support rotating plates (621) arranged in parallel, and the two ends of the support rotating plates (621) are respectively rotatably connected to the first sliding block (61) and the second sliding block (64) on both sides via mounting shafts; a plurality of reinforcing rods (622) are fixedly connected between the two support rotating plates (621), and the plurality of reinforcing rods (622) are perpendicular to the support rotating plates (621); The top support (5) further comprises an arc-shaped top plate (53) and a support plate (51) fixedly connected to the arc-shaped top plate (53), and a plurality of top support rods (54) are connected between the arc-shaped top plate (53) and the support plate (51); a plurality of sliding plates (52) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the support plate (51); and the first sliding groove (511) is arranged on the bottom surface of the support plate (51); The first sliding block (61) and the second sliding block (64) are both provided with a clearance groove (611) for installing the lifting bracket (62); a plurality of fourth sliding grooves are provided on the bottom support plate (22); and a plurality of sliding rods (34) slidably installed in the fourth sliding grooves are provided at the bottom of the inner support (3).

2. The supporting structure for underground excavation of subway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side support (4) comprises a side slide frame (41) and an arc-shaped side plate (42) connected to the side slide frame (41); a plurality of side support rods (43) are arranged between the arc-shaped side plate (42) and the inner support (3); the arc-shaped side plate (42) abuts against the base (2); the side slide frame (41) is fixedly connected to the inner support (3); a plurality of third slide grooves (411) arranged along the vertical direction are arranged on the side slide frame (41); the top support (5) comprises a plurality of sliding plates (52) adapted to the third slide grooves (411); a second elastic member (44) is arranged between the sliding plate (52) and the side slide frame (41); two ends of the second elastic member (44) are respectively fixed to the sliding plate (52) and the side slide frame (41) for providing a supporting force for the sliding plate (52) to be away from the side slide frame (41).

3. The supporting structure for underground excavation of subway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly (8) comprises a driven gear (81) fixed to the driving screw (65), the driven gear (81) being meshed with a transmission gear (82), the transmission gear (82) being rotatably mounted on the inner support (3) and being arranged to penetrate the inner support (3); the transmission gear (82) being meshed with a driving gear (83), the driving gear (83) being detachably connected with a driver (84), the driver (84) being detachably connected to the inner support (3).

4. The supporting structure for underground excavation of subway according to claim 3, characterized in that: A protective cover (32) is fixedly connected to the inner support (3); the protective cover (32) is arranged on the outer side of the driving gear (83) and is rotatably connected to the driving gear (83) via a transmission shaft (85); a plurality of limiting holes (831) are circumferentially provided on the driving gear (83); a locking bolt (33) is threadedly connected to the protective cover (32); the locking bolt (33) passes through the protective cover (32) and is engaged with the limiting hole (831); the transmission shaft (85) is fixedly connected to the driving gear (83) and is detachably connected to the driver (84) via a coupling (86).

5. The supporting structure for underground excavation of subway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (2) comprises an arc-shaped bottom plate (21) and a bottom support plate (22) fixed on the arc-shaped bottom plate (21); a plurality of bottom support rods (23) are connected between the bottom support plate (22) and the arc-shaped bottom plate (21); sliding frames (24) are fixedly connected on both sides between the bottom support plate (22) and the arc-shaped bottom plate (21); and a sliding groove adapted to the sliding rail (1) is provided on the sliding frame (24).

6. A construction method for a support structure for underground excavation of a subway, characterized in that: A support structure for underground excavation in a subway as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising: step 1: fixing the slide rail (1) to the bottom of the tunnel according to the size of the base (2), and laying a certain length of the slide rail (1) according to the excavation requirements; step 2: inserting the installed base (2) onto the slide rail (1), and pushing the base (2) to move to a required position along the slide rail (1); step 3: installing the two side supports (4) and the lifting and adjusting assembly (6) on the inner support (3), and then fixing the top support (5) on the two side supports (4) and the lifting and adjusting assembly (6); step 4: inserting the installed inner support (3) onto the base (2) and sliding it along the base (2) to a required position; step 5: starting the lifting and adjusting assembly (6) to adjust the distance between the top support (5) and the inner support (3) according to the size of the tunnel at the location, so that the top support (5) is tightly fitted to the top wall of the tunnel.

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