Test equipment and test method

Abstract

The invention provides test equipment and a test method, the test equipment is applied to a micro-energy device, and the test equipment comprises a measurement unit, a data transmission unit and an upper computer; the measuring unit, the data transmission unit and the upper computer are electrically connected in sequence; the measuring unit receives the analog charge signal output by the micro-energy device and amplifies the analog charge signal to obtain a target analog voltage signal; the data transmission unit receives and converts the target analog voltage signal into a target digital voltage signal; and the upper computer is used for receiving and processing the target digital voltage signal, and displaying the target digital voltage signal and / or the processed voltage signal on a display interface. Through the device, the analog charge signal is amplified, and the amplified signal is subjected to digital-to-analog conversion, so that the measurement error and the signal distortion can be reduced, and the sensitivity and the reliability of the test device are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of micro energy harvesting technology, and in particular to a testing device and a testing method. Background Art

[0002] Micro-energy technology refers to the technology of obtaining tiny amounts of energy from the environment and converting them into electrical signals. It has a wide range of applications in micro-energy harvesting and micro-energy sensing. Micro-energy harvesting obtains small amounts of energy from the environment to provide continuous power for low-power devices, reduce reliance on batteries, and extend the life of the device. Micro-energy sensing uses self-powered devices, such as piezoelectric devices, triboelectric devices, and hydrovoltaic devices, to sense environmental information, such as pressure, stress strain, ambient temperature and humidity, through spontaneous changes in electrical signal output.

[0003] In the related art, when testing micro-energy devices, since the charge or voltage generated by the micro-energy devices is very small, the test equipment cannot accurately capture the extremely small charge or voltage signal, resulting in large measurement errors or signal distortion. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a testing device and a testing method, which are used to solve the problem of low sensitivity of the testing device in the prior art when testing devices with micro-energy and low charge output characteristics.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a testing device, which is applied to a micro-energy device, and the device includes a measuring unit, a data transmission unit and a host computer;

[0006] The measuring unit, the data transmission unit and the host computer are electrically connected in sequence;

[0007] The measuring unit is used to receive the analog charge signal output by the micro-energy device, amplify the analog charge signal, and obtain a target analog voltage signal;

[0008] The data transmission unit is used to receive the target analog voltage signal and convert the target analog voltage signal into a target digital voltage signal;

[0009] The host computer is used to receive the target digital voltage signal, filter the target digital voltage signal to obtain a second target digital voltage signal; and display the target digital voltage signal and / or the processed voltage signal on a display interface in response to user operation.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the measuring unit includes a power supply module, an amplification module and a gain module;

[0011] The output end of the power supply module is electrically connected to the power supply end of the amplification module and the power supply end of the gain module, the input end of the amplification module is used to input the analog charge signal, the output end of the amplification module is electrically connected to the input end of the gain module, and the output end of the gain module is electrically connected to the input end of the data transmission unit;

[0012] The power supply module is used to generate a complementary voltage based on a power supply voltage, and provide the power supply voltage and the complementary voltage to the amplification module and the gain module;

[0013] The amplification module is used to perform a first-stage amplification process on the analog charge signal to generate an amplified analog voltage signal;

[0014] The gain module is used to perform a second-stage amplification process on the amplified analog voltage signal to generate the target analog voltage signal.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the amplification module includes a precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, and a sixth capacitor;

[0016] The first end of the first resistor is used to input the analog charge signal, and the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the first capacitor, the first end of the second capacitor, and the first end of the second resistor;

[0017] The second end of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the second end of the second resistor and the inverting input end of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier;

[0018] The negative voltage input terminal of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier is electrically connected to the first end of the fourth capacitor and the first end of the third capacitor for inputting the complementary voltage, the non-inverting input terminal of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier is electrically connected to the ground terminal, the positive voltage input terminal of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier is electrically connected to the first end of the fifth capacitor and the first end of the sixth capacitor for inputting the supply voltage, and the output terminal of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier is electrically connected to the second end of the second capacitor and the first end of the third resistor;

[0019] The second end of the third capacitor, the second end of the fourth capacitor, the second end of the fifth capacitor, and the second end of the sixth capacitor are all electrically connected to the ground end;

[0020] The second end of the third resistor is used to output the analog voltage signal.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the gain module includes a low-noise high-speed operational amplifier, a dip switch, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a seventh capacitor, an eighth capacitor, a ninth capacitor and a tenth capacitor;

[0022] The inverting input terminal of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier is electrically connected to the first end of the fourth resistor for inputting the analog voltage signal, the non-inverting input terminal of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier is electrically connected to the ground terminal, the negative voltage input terminal of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier is electrically connected to the first end of the seventh capacitor and the first end of the eighth capacitor for inputting the complementary voltage, the positive voltage input terminal of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier is electrically connected to the first end of the ninth capacitor and the first end of the tenth capacitor for inputting the power supply voltage, and the output terminal of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier is electrically connected to the second end of the eighth resistor, the second end of the fifth resistor, the second end of the sixth resistor, the second end of the seventh resistor, the eighth pin of the dip switch and the first end of the ninth resistor;

[0023] The second end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected to the first pin of the dip switch, the second pin of the dip switch, the third pin of the dip switch, the fourth pin of the dip switch, and the first end of the eighth resistor;

[0024] The fifth pin of the dip switch is electrically connected to the first end of the fifth resistor, the sixth pin of the dip switch is electrically connected to the first end of the sixth resistor, and the seventh pin of the dip switch is electrically connected to the first end of the seventh resistor;

[0025] The second end of the seventh capacitor, the second end of the eighth capacitor, the second end of the ninth capacitor, and the second end of the tenth capacitor are all electrically connected to the ground end;

[0026] The second end of the ninth resistor is used to output the target analog voltage signal.

[0027] In a possible implementation, the amplification module further includes a first radio frequency coaxial connector;

[0028] The central conductor of the first RF coaxial connector is used to receive the analog charge signal, the first pin of the first RF coaxial connector is electrically connected to the first end of the first resistor, and the second pin of the first RF coaxial connector and the third pin of the first RF coaxial connector are both electrically connected to the ground end;

[0029] The gain module also includes a second RF coaxial connector;

[0030] The central conductor of the second RF coaxial connector is used to output the target analog voltage signal, the first pin of the second RF coaxial connector is electrically connected to the second end of the ninth resistor, and the second pin of the second RF coaxial connector and the third pin of the second RF coaxial connector are both electrically connected to the ground terminal.

[0031] In a possible implementation, the power module includes a relay, an eleventh capacitor, a twelfth capacitor, a thirteenth capacitor, a fourteenth capacitor, and a switched capacitor voltage converter;

[0032] The first end of the eleventh capacitor is electrically connected to the positive voltage input end of the switched capacitor voltage converter for inputting the supply voltage;

[0033] The output end of the switched capacitor voltage converter is electrically connected to the first end of the twelfth capacitor and the first end of the thirteenth capacitor, and is used to output the complementary voltage;

[0034] The positive capacitor pin of the switched capacitor voltage converter is electrically connected to the first end of the fourteenth capacitor, the second end of the fourteenth capacitor is electrically connected to the negative capacitor pin of the switched capacitor voltage converter, and the ground pin of the switched capacitor voltage converter, the second end of the twelfth capacitor, and the second end of the thirteenth capacitor are all electrically connected to the ground terminal.

[0035] In a possible implementation, the power module further includes a power-on indication submodule:

[0036] The power-on indication submodule is used to display the power-on status based on the supply voltage.

[0037] In a possible implementation, the power-on indication submodule includes a tenth resistor, a light-emitting device, a fifteenth capacitor, and a sixteenth capacitor;

[0038] The first end of the tenth resistor, the first end of the fifteenth capacitor and the first end of the sixteenth capacitor are used to input the supply voltage, the second end of the fifteenth resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the light-emitting device, and the second end of the light-emitting device, the second end of the fifteenth capacitor and the second end of the sixteenth capacitor are all electrically connected to the ground terminal.

[0039] In a possible implementation, the data transmission unit includes an analog-to-digital converter;

[0040] The analog-to-digital converter is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the target analog voltage signal to generate the target digital voltage signal.

[0041] In a possible implementation, the data transmission unit further includes part or all of the following: a signal conditioning module, a control module, and a communication interface;

[0042] The signal conditioning module is used to perform signal processing on the target analog voltage signal before the analog-to-digital converter performs analog-to-digital conversion on the target analog voltage signal;

[0043] The control module is used to control the operation of the analog-to-digital converter and store the target digital voltage signal;

[0044] The communication interface is used to output the target digital voltage signal to the host computer based on a communication method and a communication protocol, wherein the communication method includes wired transmission or wireless transmission.

[0045] In a possible implementation, the host computer includes a processing unit and a display interface;

[0046] The processing unit is used to receive the target digital voltage signal, and in response to a signal processing operation triggered by a user, process the target digital voltage signal;

[0047] The display interface is used to respond to a display operation triggered by a user, display the first digital voltage signal, and / or display the processed voltage signal.

[0048] In a possible implementation manner, the processing unit processes the target digital voltage signal specifically including part or all of the following:

[0049] Performing filtering processing on the target digital voltage signal;

[0050] Performing frequency domain conversion processing on the target digital voltage signal;

[0051] Performing envelope extraction processing on the target digital voltage signal;

[0052] A data curve fitting process is performed on the target digital voltage signal.

[0053] In a second aspect, the present application provides a testing method, applied to any testing device described in the first aspect, the method comprising:

[0054] Receiving the analog charge signal output by the micro-energy device, amplifying the analog charge signal, and obtaining a target analog voltage signal;

[0055] Based on the target analog voltage signal, converting the target analog voltage signal into a target digital voltage signal;

[0056] Filter the target digital voltage signal to obtain a second target digital voltage signal; in response to user operation, display the target digital voltage signal and / or the processed voltage signal on the display interface

[0057] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0058] The present application provides a test device and a test method, which are applied to micro-energy devices. The test device includes a measuring unit, a data transmission unit and a host computer; the measuring unit, the data transmission unit and the host computer are electrically connected in sequence; the measuring unit receives the analog charge signal output by the micro-energy device, amplifies the analog charge signal, and obtains a target analog voltage signal; the data transmission unit receives and converts the target analog voltage signal into a target digital voltage signal; the host computer is used to receive and process the target digital voltage signal; in response to user operations, the target digital voltage signal and / or the processed voltage signal are displayed on a display interface. Since the present application amplifies the analog charge signal and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified signal, it can reduce measurement errors and signal distortion, and improve the sensitivity and reliability of the test device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0060] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a test device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a measurement unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of a power module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Figure 4 A circuit diagram of a power-on indication submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 5 A circuit diagram of an amplification module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 6 A circuit diagram of a gain module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 7 A circuit diagram of a measurement unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a data transmission unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of another data transmission unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a host computer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a display interface provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0071] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the structure of an experimental device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the results of an experimental test provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0073] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of a signal-to-noise ratio result of an experimental test provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0074] Fig.15 A flow chart of a testing method is provided for this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0076] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0077] Micro-energy technology refers to the technology of obtaining tiny energy from the environment and converting it into electrical signals. From the perspective of the purpose of the output electrical signal, it can be divided into micro-energy harvesting technology and micro-energy sensing technology. Micro-energy harvesting technology provides continuous power for low-power devices by obtaining small-scale energy from the environment, reduces dependence on batteries, prolongs the service life of devices, and promotes the development of the Internet of Things, wearable devices, and wireless sensor networks. Micro-energy harvesting technology helps reduce battery waste, supports green energy and sustainable development, and realizes the long-term operation of self-powered systems in unattended or extreme environments. With the growing demand for low-power electronic devices and distributed energy systems, micro-energy harvesting will become an important direction for future energy innovation. Micro-energy sensing technology refers to the use of self-powered devices, such as piezoelectric devices, triboelectric devices, hydrovoltaic devices, etc. as sensor sensitive elements to perceive environmental information such as pressure, stress strain, ambient temperature and humidity through spontaneous changes in electrical signal output. This not only simplifies the sensor design, but also greatly improves the energy efficiency and sustainability of the system. It is particularly suitable for applications in environments that are unattended for a long time or difficult to maintain.

[0078] However, a common feature of micro-energy technology is that the amount of charge it outputs is extremely weak, which brings many challenges to testing and application. Since the charge or voltage generated by micro-energy harvesting devices is usually very small, the signal amplitude is low and easily interfered by environmental noise. In actual testing, detecting these weak signals often requires highly sensitive test equipment and complex signal processing technology. Existing test equipment has many shortcomings when facing such weak charge output. First, the sensitivity of the test equipment is usually difficult to reach the ideal level. For the extremely small voltage or current signals generated by micro-energy sensors, conventional test equipment often cannot accurately capture and amplify them, resulting in large measurement errors or signal distortion. Secondly, high-precision test systems are expensive and often difficult to adapt to the needs of widespread application of micro-energy technology in actual applications. The price and size of high-precision equipment make them unsuitable for large-scale deployment, especially in distributed sensor networks or remote unattended equipment. In addition, noise interference is also a serious problem. Due to the extremely low intensity of micro-energy signals, external electromagnetic noise, mechanical vibration and even temperature fluctuations may have a significant impact on the signal and interfere with the acquisition of real signals. This requires the test equipment to have extremely high anti-interference capabilities, however, many existing devices are insufficient in this regard. Finally, the stability of low-energy signals is also a major problem. The signal output of micro-energy harvesting is often unstable, especially in dynamic or complex environments, where energy harvesting may be intermittent or fluctuating. This places higher demands on the response speed of the test equipment, the real-time and continuity of data acquisition, but existing test equipment often cannot capture or process complete signal information in real time when dealing with such unstable outputs, resulting in unreliable measurement results.

[0079] like Figure 1 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a test device provided in an embodiment of the present application, the test device includes a measurement unit 11, a data transmission unit 12 and a host computer 13;

[0080] The measuring unit 11, the data transmission unit 12 and the host computer 13 are electrically connected in sequence;

[0081] The measuring unit 11 is used to receive the analog charge signal output by the micro-energy device, amplify the analog charge signal, and obtain a target analog voltage signal;

[0082] A data transmission unit 12, used to receive a target analog voltage signal and convert the target analog voltage signal into a target digital voltage signal;

[0083] The host computer 13 is used to receive the target digital voltage signal, process the target digital voltage signal, and display the target digital voltage signal and / or the processed voltage signal on the display interface in response to user operation.

[0084] In the embodiment of the present application, the test equipment includes a measuring unit, a data transmission unit and a host computer; the measuring unit, the data transmission unit and the host computer are electrically connected in sequence; the measuring unit receives the analog charge signal output by the micro-energy device, amplifies the analog charge signal, and obtains a target analog voltage signal; the data transmission unit receives and converts the target analog voltage signal into a target digital voltage signal; the host computer receives and processes the target digital voltage signal; in response to user operations, the target digital voltage signal and / or the processed voltage signal are displayed on the display interface. In the embodiment of the present application, since the analog charge signal is amplified and the amplified signal is converted into analog-to-digital, the measurement error and signal distortion can be reduced, and the sensitivity and reliability of the test equipment can be improved.

[0085] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a measuring unit provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the measuring unit 11 includes a power supply module 101, an amplification module 102 and a gain module 103;

[0086] The output end of the power supply module 101 is electrically connected to the power supply end of the amplification module 102 and the power supply end of the gain module 103, the input end of the amplification module 102 is used to input the analog charge signal, the output end of the amplification module 102 is electrically connected to the input end of the gain module 103, and the output end of the gain module 103 is electrically connected to the input end of the data transmission unit 12;

[0087] The power supply module 101 is used to generate a complementary voltage based on the power supply voltage, and provide the power supply voltage and the complementary voltage to the amplification module 102 and the gain module 103;

[0088] The amplification module 102 is used to perform a first-stage amplification process on the analog charge signal to generate an amplified analog voltage signal;

[0089] The gain module 103 is used to perform a second-stage amplification process on the amplified analog voltage signal to generate a target analog voltage signal.

[0090] A stable power supply is essential to maintaining the performance of the circuit, especially when processing weak signals. Any power supply fluctuations may cause measurement errors. In the embodiment of the present application, the power supply module 101 uses complementary voltages to power the amplification module 102 and the gain module 103, which continuously provides stable power support throughout the signal processing process to ensure the normal operation of the amplification module and the gain module, thereby improving the measurement accuracy.

[0091] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the power module 101 includes an eleventh capacitor C11, a twelfth capacitor C12, a thirteenth capacitor C13, a fourteenth capacitor C14 and a switched capacitor voltage converter U1;

[0092] A first end of the eleventh capacitor C11 is electrically connected to the positive voltage input terminal V+ of the switched capacitor voltage converter U1 for inputting a supply voltage of +5V;

[0093] The output terminal VOUT of the switched capacitor voltage converter U1 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor C12 and the first terminal of the thirteenth capacitor C13, and is used to output a complementary voltage of -5V;

[0094] The positive capacitor pin CAP+ of the switched capacitor voltage converter U1 is electrically connected to the first end of the fourteenth capacitor C14, the second end of the fourteenth capacitor C14 is electrically connected to the negative capacitor pin CAP- of the switched capacitor voltage converter U1, and the ground pin GND of the switched capacitor voltage converter U1, the second end of the twelfth capacitor C12, and the second end of the thirteenth capacitor C13 are all electrically connected to the ground end.

[0095] In the embodiment of the present application, the switched capacitor voltage converter U1 may be an LTC1144 chip, which is a single-chip CMOS switched capacitor voltage converter for performing positive to negative power supply voltage conversion within an input range of 2V to 18V, thereby generating a complementary output voltage of -2V to -18V. Only two non-critical external capacitors are required to provide charge pump and charge storage functions.

[0096] The LTC1144 chip is used to perform a positive to negative power supply voltage conversion to generate a complementary output voltage. The LTC1144 chip input power supply voltage range is 3V to 6V, and the LTC1144 chip output port output complementary voltage range is -6V to -3V; in the embodiment of the present application, reference Figure 3 , the supply voltage input to the positive voltage input terminal V+ of the LTC1144 chip is +5V, then the complementary voltage output by the output terminal VOUT of the LTC1144 chip is -5V, thereby driving the subsequent amplification module and gain module to work normally.

[0097] In a specific implementation, the power module 101 may further include a power socket J55, one end of which is electrically connected to the first end of the eleventh capacitor C11 and the positive voltage input terminal V+ of the switched capacitor voltage converter U1 for inputting a supply voltage of +5V.

[0098] In one embodiment, the power module 101 further includes a power-on indication submodule, which is used to display a power-on status based on a supply voltage of +5V.

[0099] Specifically, Figure 4 , which is a circuit diagram of a power-on indication submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application, the power-on indication submodule includes a tenth resistor R10, a light emitting device POWER_LED, a fifteenth capacitor C15 and a sixteenth capacitor C16;

[0100] The first end of the tenth resistor R10, the first end of the fifteenth capacitor C15 and the first end of the sixteenth capacitor C16 are used to input the power supply voltage V1, the second end of the tenth resistor R10 is electrically connected to the first end of the light-emitting device POWER_LED, the second end of the light-emitting device POWER_LED, the second end of the fifteenth capacitor C15 and the second end of the sixteenth capacitor C16 are all electrically connected to the ground terminal.

[0101] In the embodiment of the present application, when the power supply voltage +5V is normal, the light-emitting device POWER_LED will be normally lit. According to whether the light-emitting device POWER_LED is lit, it is judged whether the input voltage +5V is normal, thereby giving the user an intuitive status display.

[0102] In one embodiment, if Figure 5 , which is a circuit diagram of an amplification module provided in an embodiment of the present application, the amplification module 102 includes a precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier U2, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5 and a sixth capacitor C6;

[0103] The first end of the first resistor R1 is used to input an analog charge signal, that is, Figure 5 In1, the second end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the first end of the first capacitor C1, the first end of the second capacitor C2, and the first end of the second resistor R2;

[0104] The second end of the first capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the second end of the second resistor R2 and the inverting input terminal -IN of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier U2;

[0105] The negative voltage input terminal V- of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier U2 is electrically connected to the first end of the fourth capacitor C4 and the first end of the third capacitor C3, and is used to input a complementary voltage of -5V. The in-phase input terminal +IN of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier U2 is electrically connected to the ground terminal. The positive voltage input terminal V+ of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier U2 is electrically connected to the first end of the fifth capacitor C5 and the first end of the sixth capacitor C6, and is used to input a power supply voltage of +5V. The output terminal OUT of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier U2 is electrically connected to the second end of the second capacitor C2 and the first end of the third resistor R3;

[0106] The second end of the third capacitor C3, the second end of the fourth capacitor C4, the second end of the fifth capacitor C5, and the second end of the sixth capacitor C6 are all electrically connected to the ground terminal;

[0107] The second end of the third resistor R3 is used to output an analog voltage signal, that is, Figure 5 Out1 in.

[0108] like Figure 6 , which is a circuit diagram of a gain module provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the gain module 103 includes a low-noise high-speed operational amplifier U3, a dip switch SW1, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a seventh capacitor C7, an eighth capacitor C8, a ninth capacitor C9 and a tenth capacitor C10;

[0109] The inverting input terminal -IN of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier U3 is electrically connected to the first end of the fourth resistor R4 for inputting an analog voltage signal, that is, Figure 6 In2, the in-phase input terminal +IN of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier U3 is electrically connected to the ground terminal, the negative voltage input terminal V- of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier U3 is electrically connected to the first end of the seventh capacitor C7 and the first end of the eighth capacitor C8, for inputting a complementary voltage of -5V, the positive voltage input terminal V+ of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier U3 is electrically connected to the first end of the ninth capacitor C9 and the first end of the tenth capacitor C10, for inputting a power supply voltage of +5V, and the output terminal OUT of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier U3 is electrically connected to the second end of the eighth resistor R8, the second end of the fifth resistor R5, the second end of the sixth resistor R6, the second end of the seventh resistor R7, the eighth pin of the dip switch SW1 and the first end of the ninth resistor R9;

[0110] The second end of the fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected to the first pin of the dip switch SW1, the second pin of the dip switch SW1, the third pin of the dip switch SW1, the fourth pin SW4 of the dip switch, and the first end of the eighth resistor R8;

[0111] The fifth pin of the dip switch SW1 is electrically connected to the first end of the fifth resistor R5, the sixth pin of the dip switch SW1 is electrically connected to the first end of the sixth resistor R6, and the seventh pin of the dip switch SW1 is electrically connected to the first end of the seventh resistor R7;

[0112] The second end of the seventh capacitor C7, the second end of the eighth capacitor C8, the second end of the ninth capacitor C9, and the second end of the tenth capacitor C10 are all electrically connected to the ground end;

[0113] The second end of the ninth resistor R9 is used to output the target analog voltage signal, that is, Figure 6 Out2 in.

[0114] In a specific embodiment, the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier in the amplification module 102 can be a LMC6061 chip, and the ultra-low input bias current (microampere level) of the LMC6061 chip is suitable for the application of high impedance sensors. When measuring weak signals, the error introduced by the bias current can be reduced.

[0115] The low-noise high-speed operational amplifier in the gain module 103 can be an OPA197 chip. The OPA197 chip provides high voltage gain and a wide frequency response, which can effectively amplify the analog voltage signal output by the amplifier module 101 and improve the detection accuracy and response rate of the test equipment. The OPA197IDR chip in the OPA197 chip has a rail-to-rail output characteristic that enables the output signal to be close to the upper and lower limits of the power supply voltage, thereby improving the signal utilization of the test equipment and reducing distortion.

[0116] The DIP switch SW1 selects amplifying resistors of different resistance values ​​by turning on different pins. The amplifying resistor here is Figure 6 The fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 in the embodiment can select amplifying resistors with different resistance values ​​to amplify the analog voltage signal at different magnifications and output different target analog voltage signals, with the amplification magnification being between 1 and 100 times.

[0117] It should be noted that the dip switch S1 used in the embodiment of the present application is a dip switch with 8 pins. In specific implementation, different dip switches can be selected according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0118] In the embodiment of the present application, the amplification module and the gain module process the tiny charge signal. When the tiny charge signal passes through the amplifier, it will be effectively amplified into a voltage signal that is easier to measure. This amplification not only improves the signal strength, but also ensures the accuracy of the measurement.

[0119] The gain module allows users to adjust and control the output voltage value according to specific application requirements. This flexibility enables the system to adapt to different types of sensors and measurement environments, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of data acquisition.

[0120] In the embodiment of the present application, the amplification module includes an LMC6061 chip, the gain module includes an OPA197 chip, and the LMC6061 chip and the OPA197 chip are used in series. The LMC6061 chip and the OPA197 chip are connected in series, which has the following advantages:

[0121] Low bias current: The ultra-low input bias current (microampere level) of the LMC6061 chip makes it very suitable for high impedance sensor applications. When measuring weak signals, the error introduced by the bias current can be significantly reduced;

[0122] High voltage gain and bandwidth. The OPA197 chip can provide high voltage gain and wide frequency response, which can effectively amplify the output signal of the front-end amplifier, which is essential for applications that require high precision and fast response.

[0123] Rail-to-rail output: The rail-to-rail output characteristic of the OPA197IDR chip enables the output signal to be close to the upper and lower limits of the power supply voltage, thereby improving signal utilization and reducing distortion;

[0124] Excellent common mode rejection ratio. Both the LMC6061 chip and the OPA197IDR chip have excellent common mode rejection ratio, which can effectively suppress noise and interference and improve measurement accuracy.

[0125] In one embodiment, if Figure 7 , which is a circuit diagram of a measurement unit provided in an embodiment of the present application, the amplification module 102 further includes a first RF coaxial connector J1, and the gain module 103 further includes a second RF coaxial amplifier J2;

[0126] The central conductor of the first RF coaxial connector J1 is used to receive the analog charge signal and transmit it to the first pin of the first RF coaxial connector J1. The first pin of the first RF coaxial connector J1 is electrically connected to the first end of the first resistor R1. The first ends of the second pin and the third pin of the first RF coaxial connector J1 are both electrically connected to the ground.

[0127] The central conductor of the second RF coaxial amplifier J2 is used to output the target analog voltage signal. The first pin of the second RF coaxial amplifier J2 is electrically connected to the second end of the ninth resistor R9. The first ends of the second pin and the third pin of the second coaxial amplifier J2 are both electrically connected to the ground.

[0128] The first RF coaxial connector J1 and the second RF coaxial connector J2 in the embodiment of the present application can both shield external signals, reduce interference from external signals, and improve the integrity of analog charge signal transmission.

[0129] In one embodiment, the data transmission unit 12 includes an analog-to-digital converter 121;

[0130] The analog-to-digital converter 121 is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the target analog voltage signal to generate a target digital voltage signal.

[0131] In another embodiment, the data transmission unit 12 further includes part or all of the following: a signal conditioning module 122 , a control module 123 , and a communication interface 124 ;

[0132] The signal conditioning module 122 is used to perform signal processing on the target analog voltage signal before the analog-to-digital converter 121 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the target analog voltage signal;

[0133] The control module 123 is used to control the operation of the analog-to-digital converter 121 and store the target digital voltage signal;

[0134] The communication interface 124 is used to output a target digital voltage signal to the upper computer 13 based on a communication method and a communication protocol, wherein the communication method includes wired transmission or wireless transmission.

[0135] It should be noted that the data transmission unit 12 can be implemented through a variety of strategies, but the overall requirements are that the input voltage range is 0V to 6V, the resolution is greater than 12 bits, and the sampling rate is higher than 500K / s.

[0136] Specifically, Figure 8 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data transmission unit provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the data transmission unit 12 includes an analog-to-digital converter 121, a signal conditioning module 122, a control module 123 and a communication interface 124;

[0137] The signal conditioning module 122, the analog-to-digital converter 121, the control module 123 and the communication interface 124 are electrically connected in sequence;

[0138] First, the signal conditioning module 122 receives a target analog voltage signal and performs signal processing on the target analog voltage signal, wherein the signal processing may include signal filtering, linearization, isolation, and the like.

[0139] Filtering can remove high-frequency noise or other interference in the target analog voltage signal; linearization is used to convert certain nonlinear sensor outputs into a linear relationship for more accurate subsequent calculations; isolation provides electrical protection to prevent high voltage or other electrical interference between the signal source and the processing system from affecting the normal operation of the system.

[0140] The analog-to-digital converter 121 performs analog-to-digital conversion based on the target analog voltage signal after signal processing to generate a target digital voltage signal;

[0141] In a specific embodiment, the signal conditioning module 122 is further configured to send a first control signal to the analog-to-digital converter 121 , wherein the first control signal includes a clock signal, a start signal, a sampling control signal, and a conversion trigger signal.

[0142] The clock signal is a synchronization signal in the sampling and conversion process of the analog-to-digital converter 121, which determines the sampling frequency and rhythm of the analog-to-digital converter 121. The frequency and stability of the clock signal affect the sampling accuracy and conversion speed. The signal conditioning module 122 generates or distributes the clock signal to ensure that the analog-to-digital converter 121 samples at the correct time point.

[0143] The start signal is used to trigger the analog-to-digital converter 121 to start the sampling and conversion process. In actual operation, the analog-to-digital converter 121 requires an external signal to start its operation; the signal conditioning module 122 is responsible for generating or controlling the start signal to control the working timing of the analog-to-digital converter 121 to ensure that data conversion starts at the appropriate time.

[0144] The sampling control signal indicates when the analog-to-digital converter 121 performs sampling; the signal conditioning module 122 triggers the analog-to-digital converter 121 to perform sampling according to a specific change or a preset condition of the target analog voltage signal.

[0145] The conversion trigger signal indicates that the analog-to-digital converter 121 starts converting the target analog voltage signal into a target digital voltage signal.

[0146] The control module 123 is responsible for controlling the operation of the analog-to-digital converter 121 and temporarily storing the target digital voltage signal in an internal register or an external memory, waiting for subsequent data processing, analysis or transmission;

[0147] Specifically, the control module 123 ensures that the target analog voltage signal is sampled at appropriate time intervals and accurately converted into the target digital voltage signal by configuring and controlling the sampling rate, resolution and other parameters of the analog-to-digital converter 121 .

[0148] The control module 123 includes a main controller, which can be a variety of microcontrollers such as ATmega, STM32, FPGA, etc.

[0149] The communication interface 124 outputs the target digital voltage signal to the host computer 13 based on the communication method and communication protocol, wherein the communication method includes wired transmission or wireless transmission.

[0150] Specifically, the embodiment of the present application utilizes USB to perform wired communication information transmission.

[0151] It should be noted that for wired communication, the commonly used interfaces are RS-232, RS-485, CAN bus and Ethernet. Among them, RS-232 and RS-485 are often used for short-distance and medium-distance data transmission in industrial environments, and CAN bus is particularly suitable for systems with high real-time requirements and strong anti-interference capabilities, such as automobiles and industrial control applications. Ethernet provides high-speed, long-distance, and stable connections, which is particularly suitable for scenarios of large data volume transmission and networked data collection.

[0152] Wireless communication provides greater flexibility and portability, and is suitable for applications where wiring is not possible or mobile data collection is required. Common wireless communication technologies include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, LoRa, etc. Bluetooth is suitable for short-distance, low-power data transmission, such as data collection in personal devices and medical equipment.

[0153] Wi-Fi provides high-speed transmission over medium and long distances, and is very suitable for large data transmission scenarios that need to be integrated with existing network systems, such as industrial monitoring and smart home systems.

[0154] Zigbee is a low-power, short-range wireless communication protocol suitable for a large number of low-data-rate sensor nodes, and is often used in multi-node low-energy systems such as the Internet of Things and smart buildings. For applications that require long-distance, low-rate data transmission, such as remote environmental monitoring.

[0155] LoRa (Long Range Wireless Communication) is an ideal choice due to its ultra-long transmission distance and low power consumption. Each communication method is usually paired with a corresponding communication protocol to ensure reliable data transmission. For example, for a wired Ethernet connection.

[0156] Commonly used communication protocols include TCP / IP, Modbus TCP, etc. These protocols ensure stable and reliable data transmission in a network environment.

[0157] For wireless communication, Bluetooth mostly uses SPP (Serial Port Protocol) or BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy Protocol), which is suitable for applications with different power consumption and transmission rate requirements; Wi-Fi is usually combined with TCP / IP protocol to ensure large data transmission and network access in wireless networks; Zigbee uses the Zigbee protocol stack, which is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and provides reliable self-organizing mesh network capabilities; and LoRa mostly uses the LoRaWAN protocol, which is particularly suitable for long-distance, low-power IoT applications.

[0158] In a specific embodiment, the control module 123 sends a second control signal to the communication interface 124 , where the second control signal includes a data transmission control signal, a clock signal, an address selection signal, a response signal, and an interrupt signal.

[0159] The data transmission control signal is used to control the data exchange between the control module 123 and the communication interface 124; when the control module 123 generates the data transmission control signal, the data transmission and reception timing is determined. For example, in a serial communication protocol, data transmission is often implemented through "transmit data (TX)" and "receive data (RX)" signal lines.

[0160] The clock signal is used to synchronize data transmission. In the synchronous communication protocol, the clock signal is provided by the communication interface or the control module, and the accuracy and stability of the clock signal determine the rate of data transmission. In the embodiment of the present application, the control module 123 synchronizes data transmission by controlling the frequency and edge of the clock signal, and the clock signal is provided by the control communication interface.

[0161] The response signal indicates that the data transmission is successful. In the embodiment of the present application, after receiving the target digital voltage signal, the communication interface 124 confirms that the target digital voltage signal is successfully received based on the response signal.

[0162] The interrupt signal is used to notify the control module 123 of important events. For example, the interrupt signal indicates that data reception is completed or an error occurs.

[0163] In one embodiment, the communication interface 124 sends a third control signal to the host computer 12, wherein the third control signal includes data transmission, timing control, protocol execution, error detection, flow control, device management, etc. By receiving the third control signal, the host computer 12 can effectively manage the communication interface 124, ensure accurate and real-time data transmission, and handle errors and flow control to ensure the stability and reliability of the communication process.

[0164] like Fig. 9 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of another data transmission unit provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the data transmission unit 12 includes an analog-to-digital converter 121, a control module 123 and a communication interface 124;

[0165] The analog-to-digital converter 121 , the control module 123 and the communication interface 124 are electrically connected in sequence.

[0166] It should be noted that the working principles of the analog-to-digital converter 121 , the control module 123 and the communication interface 124 can be found in the foregoing text and will not be described again here.

[0167] In one embodiment, if Fig.10 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a host computer provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the host computer 13 includes a processing unit 131 and a display interface 132;

[0168] The processing unit 131 is used to receive the target digital voltage signal, respond to the signal processing operation triggered by the user, and process the target digital voltage signal;

[0169] The display interface 132 is used to respond to a display operation triggered by a user, display the first digital voltage signal, and / or display the processed voltage signal.

[0170] In a specific implementation, the processing unit processes the target digital voltage signal including part or all of the following:

[0171] Performing filtering processing on the target digital voltage signal;

[0172] Performing frequency domain conversion processing on the target digital voltage signal;

[0173] Performing envelope extraction processing on the target digital voltage signal;

[0174] Perform data curve fitting processing on the target digital voltage signal.

[0175] In a specific implementation, the display interface 132 includes a data curve display interface and an operation interface, so that the user can monitor and analyze the collected data in real time. Fig.11 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of a display interface provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the data curve display interface includes a display interface of original data / filtered data, an envelope extraction interface, a data curve fitting interface and a frequency domain data display interface.

[0176] The operation interface displays some information such as voltage value, sampling frequency, file storage path, file name, data length, start frequency, end frequency, etc. It can also display a "Save" button. Users can operate on the operation interface. For example, when the user clicks the "Save" button, the processing unit will save the currently displayed data. For another example, when the user clicks the area corresponding to the "file storage path", the processing unit responds to the user's operation and displays the current storage path of the file. The user can change the storage path. Parameters such as voltage value and sampling frequency can be modified in response to user operations. Examples are not given one by one here.

[0177] The processing unit 131 filters the received target digital voltage signal to generate a digital voltage signal after filtering. If the target digital voltage signal, that is, the digital voltage signal that has not been filtered, is displayed on the display interface after the original data / filtered data, the user can touch the display interface after the original data / filtered data, and then the filtered digital voltage signal is displayed on the display interface after the original data / filtered data. The user touches the display interface after the original data / filtered data again, and the display interface after the original data / filtered data switches to displaying the target digital voltage signal.

[0178] The display interface of the original data / filtered data can also display the target digital voltage signal and the filtered digital voltage signal at the same time.

[0179] The display interface of raw data / filtered data can display the real-time change trend of the target digital voltage signal and the digital voltage signal after filtering. When displaying the target digital voltage signal, it can show the real characteristics and fluctuations of the signal.

[0180] In a specific implementation, when filtering the target digital voltage signal, an adaptive filtering algorithm is selected, which can also be called an adaptive filter. The adaptive filtering algorithm can dynamically adjust its filtering parameters according to changes in the input target digital voltage signal. Unlike traditional fixed parameter filters (such as low-pass filters, high-pass filters, etc.), the adaptive filter does not rely on fixed filtering coefficients, but uses an algorithm to self-adjust according to the statistical characteristics or real-time changes of the input target digital voltage signal, thereby optimizing the filtering effect, reducing noise and interference in the data, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal.

[0181] It should be noted that the filter-free mode is suitable for situations where you need to capture instantaneous changes, analyze emergencies, or debug system performance. With the filter-free mode, users can conduct in-depth analysis of the target digital voltage signal and quickly identify potential problems.

[0182] In the embodiment of the present application, in addition to filtering the target digital voltage, the target digital voltage signal may also be subjected to time-frequency domain conversion, envelope extraction, and data curve fitting, which are respectively introduced below.

[0183] Time-frequency domain conversion is a very important tool in signal processing. It can convert signals in the time domain into frequency domain signals through Fourier transform. In the frequency domain, users can observe the frequency components of the signal and identify specific frequency characteristics, such as noise, harmonics, or fault signals. By integrating the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, users can quickly convert time domain signals into spectrograms and observe frequency domain characteristics in real time.

[0184] Envelope extraction is a commonly used signal processing technology, mainly used to extract the amplitude change information of the signal. It is particularly effective for processing non-stationary signals or signals with modulation characteristics. The envelope extraction function can help users extract the envelope characteristics of the signal, reveal the low-frequency trend or modulation information hidden in the complex signal, and provide support for further fault diagnosis and signal analysis.

[0185] Data curve fitting is a technique used to analyze data trends and predict future data behavior. By fitting the collected data with a specific mathematical model (such as a polynomial, exponential function, etc.), the changing trend of the signal can be more accurately represented, or the key features of the signal can be extracted. The data curve fitting function allows users to fit the measured data with a predetermined model through simple operations, thereby generating a smoother and more accurate curve, and performing predictions and analysis. This function is particularly suitable for applications such as experimental data analysis, sensor signal processing, and parameter estimation.

[0186] In the embodiment of the present application, in the data curve display interface, the user can intuitively observe the changing trend of real-time data, and the system supports data display in two modes: non-filtering and filtering. This flexibility enables users to choose the appropriate data display method according to different application requirements, so as to obtain more accurate and clear information. In the non-filtering mode, the data display interface directly reflects the original collected data, and can show the true characteristics and fluctuations of the signal. This is particularly important for occasions where it is necessary to capture instantaneous changes, analyze emergencies, or debug system performance.

[0187] In another embodiment, the display interface 132 is also used to set functions such as alarms and status indicators to help users better understand and manage the system.

[0188] In the embodiment of the present application, there are various ways to construct the graphical display interface, which can be completed through different commercial or open source software, and commonly used construction tools include Lab VIEW, Matlab, Python, etc. In the embodiment of the present application, the display interface is constructed based on the virtual instrument design function of Lab VIEW, and the user can monitor real-time data, adjust parameters and perform control operations through the graphical display interface.

[0189] Lab VIEW also provides good hardware integration, enabling it to interact efficiently with devices such as data acquisition cards and sensors to ensure the real-time and reliability of the system. The display interface provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the layout and functions for users to interact with the system through operation buttons. In this graphical display interface, a variety of advanced signal processing and data analysis functions are integrated to enable users to conduct in-depth analysis and processing of the collected data.

[0190] In addition, the display interface 132 in the implementation of the present application is also used for adaptive filtering, which can dynamically adjust the parameters of the filter according to the changes in the input signal to remove noise, interference or other unwanted components in the signal. Unlike fixed filters, adaptive filtering can be flexibly adjusted according to real-time conditions and is suitable for processing non-stationary signals. In this display interface 132, the adaptive filtering function allows the user to adjust the filter parameters according to the specific application scenario to obtain the best filtering effect, especially for signals whose frequency components change over time.

[0191] like Fig.12 As shown, it is a structural schematic diagram of an experimental equipment provided in an embodiment of the present application, and the experimental equipment includes a receiving end 61, a storage table 62, acrylic 63 and an electric push rod 64; through experimental tests, the differences in measurement results and performance advantages between the test equipment of the present application and traditional commercial test equipment are compared in detail.

[0192] Specifically, the micro-energy device is placed on the receiving end 61 of the experimental equipment, wherein the receiving end 61 is mounted on the storage table 62, and the electric field effect of the acrylic 63 on the receiving end 61 is changed by changing the relative position of the acrylic 63 and the receiving end 61, thereby inducing a micro charge at the receiving end, wherein the position of the electric push rod 64 is controlled within a certain range, and the charge on the metal wire is measured by the test equipment. This method simulates the subtle charge changes caused by the electric field signal received by the receiving end as environmental factors change in actual application scenarios.

[0193] The receiving end 61 is composed of a metal wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm, which is used to capture tiny changes in the electric field and convert them into corresponding charge signals, which are then transmitted to the device for measurement.

[0194] Through experimental tests at different positions and changes in electric field strength, the results are as follows Fig.13 As shown, it can be seen that the test equipment of the present application can maintain stable and high-precision measurement capabilities when faced with slight changes in charge. In comparison, experiments have shown that traditional commercial equipment can no longer perform measurement functions normally under the same test conditions. This is mainly due to the low sensitivity of traditional equipment, which makes it difficult to handle such weak charge signal changes, resulting in inaccurate or even lost measurement data. This shows that the present invention has significant advantages in dealing with extremely small charge changes and complex electric field conditions, and is particularly suitable for application scenarios with high sensitivity requirements, such as precision measurement, micro-electric signal detection, etc.

[0195] In addition, during the experiment, as the frequency of the measured signal changes, the test equipment of the present application has a stable signal-to-noise ratio performance, which is maintained between 71dB and 82dB. Fig.14 As shown in the figure, the signal-to-noise ratio is an important indicator for evaluating the device's anti-noise ability. The range of 71dB to 82dB shows that the device can effectively suppress noise when processing signals of different frequencies, ensuring the reliability of the measurement results. Especially under high-frequency signals, the signal-to-noise ratio of the test equipment can still be maintained at a high value in this range, showing its excellent performance in dealing with complex signal conditions.

[0196] At the same time, the measurement resolution of the test equipment is as high as 250aC, which is the minimum charge that the test equipment can capture, indicating that it has extremely high sensitivity and is suitable for precise measurement of tiny charge changes; the dynamic range of the test equipment is 250aC to 480pC, which indicates that the test equipment can effectively handle charge signals from extremely small to large ranges without saturation or distortion problems. The wide dynamic range enables the test equipment to adapt to the measurement needs of signals of different intensities, thereby maintaining high accuracy and high stability in a variety of application scenarios.

[0197] On the other hand, the test equipment shows good stability when the ambient temperature changes (10℃ to 35℃). Its temperature coefficient is ±(0.02%+4fC) / ℃, which characterizes the error change rate of the test equipment at different temperatures. The smaller temperature coefficient indicates that the test equipment is insensitive to temperature changes and can maintain measurement accuracy and reliability over a wider range of ambient temperature. This performance is particularly important in practical applications, especially in scenarios such as industry and scientific research where the ambient temperature may be unstable. The equipment can still provide accurate measurement results, showing its wide applicability in dealing with environmental changes.

[0198] In the embodiments of the present application, the test equipment has significant advantages in dealing with extremely small charge changes and complex electric field conditions, and is particularly suitable for application scenarios requiring high sensitivity, such as precision measurement, micro-electric signal detection, etc.; while traditional test equipment, under the same test conditions, has low sensitivity and is difficult to handle weak charge signal changes, resulting in inaccurate or even lost measurement data, and the measurement function cannot be completed normally.

[0199] The test equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application can flexibly replace multiple components based on the realization of the same function, thereby improving the applicability and scalability of the system. Taking the data transmission unit as an example, the control module can select different microcontrollers according to specific application scenarios and performance requirements, including ATmega, STM32, FPGA, etc. These microcontrollers have their own characteristics. For example, ATmega is suitable for low-power and small embedded systems, STM32 has high performance and rich peripheral support, and FPGA is good at processing complex parallel calculations and high-speed data transmission, so it can be reasonably selected and replaced according to system requirements. In terms of data transmission and host computer interaction mode, the present invention provides a variety of wired and wireless communication options to ensure that the device can communicate data efficiently and stably with the host computer. In terms of wired communication, commonly used interfaces include RS-232, RS-485, CAN bus and Ethernet, etc. These interfaces are each suitable for different application environments, such as RS-232 is often used for short-distance, low-rate communication, RS-485 is suitable for long-distance, multi-node communication in industrial control, CAN bus is widely used in automotive electronics and industrial automation, and Ethernet provides high-speed, long-distance data transmission capabilities. Therefore, under different application requirements, a suitable wired communication interface can be flexibly selected. In addition, for scenarios that require mobility or remote operation, the present invention supports a variety of wireless communication methods, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee and LoRa. Bluetooth is suitable for short-distance, low-power communication, and is often used for data transmission between portable devices; Wi-Fi can provide high-bandwidth, long-distance wireless connections, suitable for scenarios that require the transmission of large amounts of data; Zigbee is a low-power, low-data-rate wireless protocol, commonly used in smart homes and IoT devices; LoRa has the characteristics of ultra-long-distance transmission and low power consumption, and is particularly suitable for wide-area IoT applications. Therefore, whether it is short-distance communication, wide-area network, or low-power consumption requirements, the present invention can flexibly select a suitable wireless communication method.

[0200] The host computer software part also has a variety of implementation methods. Commercial software such as LabVIEW, Matlab, or open source software such as Python can be used to build data processing and human-computer interaction interfaces. LabVIEW is an engineering software based on graphical programming, suitable for the development of complex experimental measurement and control and data acquisition systems; Matlab is known for its powerful data processing and algorithm functions, suitable for occasions requiring complex signal processing or data analysis; Python, as an open source and highly scalable programming language, not only performs well in data analysis and algorithm development, but can also easily integrate various libraries and tools, suitable for rapid prototyping and flexible system development. Therefore, according to specific needs, users can choose suitable host computer software to realize data display, processing and system control functions, further enhancing the applicability and functionality of the present invention.

[0201] In addition to playing a role in micro-energy devices, the test device provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be used in other fields. For example, in high-sensitivity capacitance measurement, the test device of the present application is used to detect small changes in capacitance. Since changes in capacitance will cause corresponding changes in charge, these change signals can be converted into voltages through the test device;

[0202] In situations where it is necessary to monitor static electricity or extremely weak charge changes, the test equipment of the present application can be used to detect very low amounts of charge, which is very useful in handling sensitive materials or protecting electronic equipment from damage by static electricity;

[0203] In the biomedical field, in the detection of neural electrical signals, the activity of neurons generates weak charge signals, and the test equipment of the present application can amplify these signals for further processing and analysis;

[0204] In photoelectric detection, the test device of the present application can be used in combination with a photodetector (such as a photomultiplier tube, a photodiode) to detect weak light signals. The photodetector generates weak electric charges when exposed to light, and the test device amplifies these charges into voltage signals that are easy to process;

[0205] In semiconductor device testing, the test equipment of the present application can be used to detect tiny charge signals, especially in the development and testing of integrated circuits, which can help detect leakage current, displacement current, etc. in semiconductor devices;

[0206] In earthquake monitoring and vibration analysis, seismic waves and vibration analysis usually require the use of piezoelectric accelerometers, and the charge signals generated by these accelerometers can be processed by the test equipment of the present application to achieve the detection of seismic waves and the analysis of vibration characteristics;

[0207] In nuclear physics and particle detection, the charge signal generated by the detector (such as scintillation detector, silicon detector) is usually very weak and can be amplified using the test equipment of the present application for subsequent signal processing.

[0208] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a different testing method, which is applied to any one of the above-mentioned testing devices. The principle of solving technical problems by the testing method is similar to the principle of solving technical problems by the testing device. The implementation of the testing method can refer to the implementation of the testing device, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0209] like Fig.15 As shown, the present application provides a flow chart of a testing method, which is applied to any of the above-mentioned testing devices, and the method includes:

[0210] S151: receiving the analog charge signal output by the micro-energy device, amplifying the analog charge signal, and obtaining a target analog voltage signal;

[0211] S152: based on the target analog voltage signal, convert the target analog voltage signal into a target digital voltage signal;

[0212] S153: Process the target digital voltage signal; in response to the user operation, display the target digital voltage signal and / or the processed voltage signal on the display interface.

[0213] The test method provided in the present application, by converting tiny charge signals into easily measurable voltages, greatly improves the detection accuracy of micro-energy device signals and improves signal resolution, thereby reducing measurement errors and signal distortion and improving test sensitivity and reliability.

[0214] The test equipment and test method provided in the embodiments of the present application greatly improve the resolution of the test equipment through corresponding hardware design and host computer algorithm, and have significant advantages in resisting environmental noise, manufacturing cost and equipment volume. Compared with traditional testing technology, the test equipment provided in the embodiments of the present application can solve the following key technical problems:

[0215] Improved signal detection resolution. The charge signals generated by micro-energy devices are usually very weak, and it is difficult for classic test equipment to accurately detect these small-amplitude signals. For example, the maximum resolution of some high-resistance meters is 1fC, and the maximum resolution of some high-resistance meters is 10fC. The test equipment provided in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively convert tiny charge signals into voltage signals that are easier to measure, greatly improving the detection resolution, with a maximum resolution of up to 250aC, so that the output signal of the micro-energy device can be accurately captured and amplified.

[0216] Reduced noise interference. In the test of micro-energy devices, environmental noise (such as electromagnetic interference, mechanical vibration, etc.) has a greater impact on weak signals. The core components of the device involved in the present invention can effectively reduce the impact of external noise on the measurement circuit through shielding design. Since the device can amplify the signal to a detectable level, it reduces the noise interference of the weak signal in the subsequent signal processing process, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal. This is crucial to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data. In addition, an adaptive filtering algorithm is integrated in the host computer software to further filter the noise signal introduced in the output transmission, thereby presenting a low ripple signal result.

[0217] The influence of cable parasitic effects is avoided. In traditional test systems, such as traditional voltmeters or ammeters, the signal may be affected by the parasitic capacitance or parasitic inductance of the cable itself during cable transmission, especially when weak signals are transmitted. This parasitic effect will significantly affect the measurement results. The device involved in the present invention can effectively isolate and reduce the influence of cable parasitic effects through its high input impedance and low output impedance design, ensuring the complete transmission of the signal.

[0218] The demand for high-cost equipment is reduced. The high sensitivity and anti-interference ability of the test equipment provided by the embodiment of the present invention make it possible to use more economical test equipment when detecting weak signals. Compared with traditional high-sensitivity measuring equipment (such as high-end oscilloscopes or high-resistance meters), the device can provide sufficient signal amplification effect at a lower cost, reducing the dependence on expensive test equipment. In addition, the device involved in the present invention can be highly integrated with other circuits (such as computing circuits) due to its small size, simplifying the circuit design. This integration can reduce the number of external components and reduce material and production costs.

[0219] Provides a more flexible measurement range. The test equipment provided in the embodiment of the present application can adjust the gain according to different application scenarios, so as to provide accurate amplification effect under different signal strengths. This function makes it suitable for a variety of micro energy harvesting devices and sensors, such as piezoelectric, triboelectric and thermoelectric, and can adjust the signal processing range according to actual application requirements to ensure accurate measurement.

[0220] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that include computer-usable program code.

[0221] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0222] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0223] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process in the computer or other programmable device. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0224] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A testing device, characterized in that: Applied to micro-energy devices, the device includes a measuring unit, a data transmission unit and a host computer; The measuring unit, the data transmission unit and the host computer are electrically connected in sequence; The measuring unit is used to receive the analog charge signal output by the micro-energy device, amplify the analog charge signal, and obtain a target analog voltage signal; The data transmission unit is used to receive the target analog voltage signal and convert the target analog voltage signal into a target digital voltage signal; The host computer is used to receive the target digital voltage signal and process the target digital voltage signal; In response to user operation, the target digital voltage signal and / or the processed voltage signal is displayed on the display interface.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The measuring unit comprises a power supply module, an amplification module and a gain module; The output end of the power supply module is electrically connected to the power supply end of the amplification module and the power supply end of the gain module, the input end of the amplification module is used to input the analog charge signal, the output end of the amplification module is electrically connected to the input end of the gain module, and the output end of the gain module is electrically connected to the input end of the data transmission unit; The power supply module is used to generate a complementary voltage based on a power supply voltage, and provide the power supply voltage and the complementary voltage to the amplification module and the gain module; The amplification module is used to perform a first-stage amplification process on the analog charge signal to generate an amplified analog voltage signal; The gain module is used to perform a second-stage amplification process on the amplified analog voltage signal to generate the target analog voltage signal.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The amplification module includes a precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor and a sixth capacitor; The first end of the first resistor is used to input the analog charge signal, and the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the first capacitor, the first end of the second capacitor, and the first end of the second resistor; The second end of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the second end of the second resistor and the inverting input end of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier; The negative voltage input terminal of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier is electrically connected to the first end of the fourth capacitor and the first end of the third capacitor for inputting the complementary voltage, the non-inverting input terminal of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier is electrically connected to the ground terminal, the positive voltage input terminal of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier is electrically connected to the first end of the fifth capacitor and the first end of the sixth capacitor for inputting the supply voltage, and the output terminal of the precision single-channel low offset voltage micro-power operational amplifier is electrically connected to the second end of the second capacitor and the first end of the third resistor; The second end of the third capacitor, the second end of the fourth capacitor, the second end of the fifth capacitor, and the second end of the sixth capacitor are all electrically connected to the ground end; The second end of the third resistor is used to output the analog voltage signal.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gain module includes a low-noise high-speed operational amplifier, a dip switch, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a seventh capacitor, an eighth capacitor, a ninth capacitor and a tenth capacitor; The inverting input terminal of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier is electrically connected to the first end of the fourth resistor for inputting the analog voltage signal, the non-inverting input terminal of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier is electrically connected to the ground terminal, the negative voltage input terminal of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier is electrically connected to the first end of the seventh capacitor and the first end of the eighth capacitor for inputting the complementary voltage, the positive voltage input terminal of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier is electrically connected to the first end of the ninth capacitor and the first end of the tenth capacitor for inputting the power supply voltage, and the output terminal of the low-noise high-speed operational amplifier is electrically connected to the second end of the eighth resistor, the second end of the fifth resistor, the second end of the sixth resistor, the second end of the seventh resistor, the eighth pin of the dip switch and the first end of the ninth resistor; The second end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected to the first pin of the dip switch, the second pin of the dip switch, the third pin of the dip switch, the fourth pin of the dip switch, and the first end of the eighth resistor; The fifth pin of the dip switch is electrically connected to the first end of the fifth resistor, the sixth pin of the dip switch is electrically connected to the first end of the sixth resistor, and the seventh pin of the dip switch is electrically connected to the first end of the seventh resistor; The second end of the seventh capacitor, the second end of the eighth capacitor, the second end of the ninth capacitor, and the second end of the tenth capacitor are all electrically connected to the ground end; The second end of the ninth resistor is used to output the target analog voltage signal.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that The amplification module also includes a first radio frequency coaxial connector; The central conductor of the first RF coaxial connector is used to receive the analog charge signal, the first pin of the first RF coaxial connector is electrically connected to the first end of the first resistor, and the second pin of the first RF coaxial connector and the third pin of the first RF coaxial connector are both electrically connected to the ground end; The gain module also includes a second RF coaxial connector; The central conductor of the second RF coaxial connector is used to output the target analog voltage signal, the first pin of the second RF coaxial connector is electrically connected to the second end of the ninth resistor, and the second pin of the second RF coaxial connector and the third pin of the second RF coaxial connector are both electrically connected to the ground terminal.

6. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power module includes an eleventh capacitor, a twelfth capacitor, a thirteenth capacitor, a fourteenth capacitor and a switched capacitor voltage converter; The first end of the eleventh capacitor is electrically connected to the positive voltage input end of the switched capacitor voltage converter for inputting the supply voltage; The output end of the switched capacitor voltage converter is electrically connected to the first end of the twelfth capacitor and the first end of the thirteenth capacitor, and is used to output the complementary voltage; The positive capacitor pin of the switched capacitor voltage converter is electrically connected to the first end of the fourteenth capacitor, the second end of the fourteenth capacitor is electrically connected to the negative capacitor pin of the switched capacitor voltage converter, and the ground pin of the switched capacitor voltage converter, the second end of the twelfth capacitor, and the second end of the thirteenth capacitor are all electrically connected to the ground terminal.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The power module also includes a power-on indication submodule: The power-on indication submodule is used to display the power-on status based on the supply voltage.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The power-on indication submodule includes a tenth resistor, a light-emitting device, a fifteenth capacitor and a sixteenth capacitor; The first end of the tenth resistor, the first end of the fifteenth capacitor and the first end of the sixteenth capacitor are used to input the supply voltage, the second end of the fifteenth resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the light-emitting device, and the second end of the light-emitting device, the second end of the fifteenth capacitor and the second end of the sixteenth capacitor are all electrically connected to the ground terminal.

9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data transmission unit includes an analog-to-digital converter; The analog-to-digital converter is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the target analog voltage signal to generate the target digital voltage signal.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that The data transmission unit also includes part or all of the following: a signal conditioning module, a control module, and a communication interface; The signal conditioning module is used to perform signal processing on the target analog voltage signal before the analog-to-digital converter performs analog-to-digital conversion on the target analog voltage signal; The control module is used to control the operation of the analog-to-digital converter and store the target digital voltage signal; The communication interface is used to output the target digital voltage signal to the host computer based on a communication method and a communication protocol, wherein the communication method includes wired transmission or wireless transmission.

11. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The host computer includes a processing unit and a display interface; The processing unit is used to receive the target digital voltage signal, and in response to a signal processing operation triggered by a user, process the target digital voltage signal; The display interface is used to respond to a display operation triggered by a user, display the first digital voltage signal, and / or display the processed voltage signal.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that The processing unit processes the target digital voltage signal and specifically includes part or all of the following: Performing filtering processing on the target digital voltage signal; Performing frequency domain conversion processing on the target digital voltage signal; Performing envelope extraction processing on the target digital voltage signal; A data curve fitting process is performed on the target digital voltage signal.

13. A testing method, characterized in that: Applied to the test device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the method comprises: Receiving the analog charge signal output by the micro-energy device, amplifying the analog charge signal, and obtaining a target analog voltage signal; Based on the target analog voltage signal, converting the target analog voltage signal into a target digital voltage signal; The target digital voltage signal is processed; and in response to user operation, the target digital voltage signal and / or the processed voltage signal is displayed on a display interface.

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