Defect detection sensor and defect detection method based on quantum technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a defect detection sensor and a defect detection method based on a quantum technology, and relates to the technical field of defect detection.The defect detection sensor comprises a central controller, an orthogonal differential detection unit, a quantum magnetometer and a magnetic shielding cylinder; the orthogonal differential detection unit is used for collecting a first magnetic field change signal on the surface of a preset area of the preset part, transmitting the first magnetic field change signal to the quantum magnetometer and applying the first magnetic field change signal to alkali metal atoms of the quantum magnetometer; the quantum magnetometer is used for obtaining a second magnetic field change signal and sending the second magnetic field change signal to the central controller; and the central controller is used for analyzing the second magnetic field change signal and determining whether the preset area of the preset part has defects or not. According to the invention, the sensitivity and accuracy of defect detection can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of defect detection technology, and in particular to a defect detection sensor and a defect detection method based on quantum technology. Background Art

[0002] Oil and gas pipelines are important infrastructure for national energy transportation, and their safe operation is of great significance for ensuring energy supply and maintaining national economic stability. However, in the long-term operation of oil and gas pipelines, various types of defects such as corrosion, wear, and cracks may occur due to the influence of geological conditions, environmental factors, and human operations. These defects may cause pipeline leakage and even cause serious accidents such as explosions. Therefore, it is very necessary to conduct regular inspections of oil and gas pipelines. Quantum electromagnetic technology is an emerging high-tech detection technology. It is based on the atomic magnetometer of quantum spin measurement. By detecting the quantum state of atoms in the magnetic field, it can measure the magnetic field extremely sensitively and accurately measure and control the microstructure and movement of matter. This technology has a wide range of applications in biomedicine, materials science, energy exploration and other fields. The application of quantum electromagnetic technology in the field of oil and gas pipeline internal detection, especially the detection of ultra-fine cracks in pipelines at great burial depths, is still rarely used. Existing oil and gas pipeline internal detection technologies mainly include ultrasonic detection, magnetic flux leakage detection, eddy current detection, etc. These technologies mainly determine whether the pipeline has defects by detecting the relatively macroscopic physical properties of the pipeline. However, these technologies are often unable to accurately detect tiny defects, such as ultra-micro cracks. Existing oil and gas pipeline inspection technologies have the following main problems:

[0003] 1) When traditional in-pipeline detection sensors, especially electromagnetic sensing technology, identify pipeline defects, they are limited by Hall, coil and other sensing technologies, and it is difficult to break through the current detection bottleneck. For example, the current minimum detection opening width for girth weld cracks in pipeline detection is 0.3mm, and the pinhole diameter is 3mm. It is no longer possible to accurately detect smaller cracks, buried crack defects and extremely small pinholes. In other words, the existing technology has limited detection capabilities for tiny defects, especially for ultra-fine cracks in pipelines at great burial depths, which are often unable to be accurately detected by the existing technology.

[0004] 2) The detection results of existing technologies often require manual analysis and judgment, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also highly subjective and prone to misjudgment and omission. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art and specifically provide a defect detection sensor and defect detection method based on quantum technology, as follows:

[0006] 1) In the first aspect, the present invention provides a defect detection sensor based on quantum technology, and the specific technical solution is as follows:

[0007] It includes a central controller, an orthogonal differential detection unit, a quantum magnetometer and a magnetic shielding tube, wherein the quantum magnetometer is arranged inside the magnetic shielding tube, and the orthogonal differential detection unit is arranged outside the magnetic shielding tube;

[0008] The orthogonal differential detection unit is used to: collect a first magnetic field change signal on the surface of a preset area of ​​a preset component, transmit it to the quantum magnetometer, and apply it to the alkali metal atoms of the quantum magnetometer;

[0009] The quantum magnetometer is used to: irradiate alkali metal atoms with laser light to make the outer electrons of the alkali metal atoms produce spin polarization; when the first magnetic field change signal is applied to the alkali metal atoms of the quantum magnetometer, the alkali metal atoms undergo Larmor precession to generate a nuclear magnetic resonance signal; after analyzing the nuclear magnetic resonance signal, a second magnetic field change signal is obtained and sent to the central controller;

[0010] The central controller is used to analyze the second magnetic field change signal to determine whether a preset area of ​​the preset component has a defect.

[0011] The beneficial effects of a defect detection sensor based on quantum technology provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0012] Atomic magnetometers are characterized by high sensitivity and rapid response. They can measure the intensity of magnetic field changes of sub-microtesla (pT) or even lower, and can pick up changes in ultra-fine cracks and pinhole electromagnetic signals. This technology has a wide detection frequency domain, and can ensure the detection rate and restoration rate of pipeline buried depth defect detection signals through low-frequency high-penetration technology. In addition, in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and anti-interference ability of the detection signal, a combination mode of magnetic shielding tube and orthogonal differential detection unit is adopted to ensure the stability of the detection signal at non-abnormal pipelines and the significance and readability of electromagnetic signal changes at abnormal pipeline states, making up for the lack of sensitivity, low detection frequency domain bandwidth, complex structure and high power consumption in the application of traditional pipeline electromagnetic internal detection technology, improving the sensitivity and reliability of oil and gas pipeline internal detection, and greatly reducing the missed detection rate of pipeline defects.

[0013] On the basis of the above scheme, the defect detection sensor based on quantum technology of the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0014] Furthermore, the central controller is also used to: when a defect exists in a preset area of ​​a preset component, analyze the second magnetic field change signal to determine the defect location.

[0015] Furthermore, the first magnetic field change signal includes magnetic field change signals in different directions, and the orthogonal differential detection unit includes three groups of mutually orthogonal detection coils. Each group of detection coils is placed in parallel and connected in reverse series, and each group of detection coils collects magnetic field change signals in different directions.

[0016] Furthermore, when a plurality of orthogonal differential detection units are included, each of the orthogonal differential detection units transmits the first magnetic field change signals collected on the surfaces of different preset areas of the preset components to the quantum magnetometer through the time-division multiplexing module.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a protective shell, the orthogonal differential detection unit is located in the protective shell, and the preset component is an oil and gas pipeline.

[0018] 2) In the second aspect, the present invention also provides a defect detection method, and the specific technical solution is as follows:

[0019] A first magnetic field change signal on the surface of a preset area of ​​a preset component is collected by an orthogonal differential detection unit of a defect detection sensor based on quantum technology, and is transmitted to a quantum magnetometer, and applied to an alkali metal atom of the quantum magnetometer, wherein the quantum magnetometer is arranged inside a magnetic shielding cylinder, and the orthogonal differential detection unit is arranged outside the magnetic shielding cylinder;

[0020] The alkali metal atoms are irradiated with laser light by the quantum magnetometer to cause the outer electrons of the alkali metal atoms to generate spin polarization. When the first magnetic field change signal is applied to the alkali metal atoms of the quantum magnetometer, the alkali metal atoms undergo Larmor precession to generate a nuclear magnetic resonance signal. After analyzing the nuclear magnetic resonance signal, a second magnetic field change signal is obtained and sent to the central controller in the defect detection sensor based on quantum technology.

[0021] The central controller analyzes the second magnetic field change signal to determine whether a preset area of ​​the preset component has a defect.

[0022] Based on the above solution, a defect detection method of the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0023] Furthermore, it also includes: when a defect exists in a preset area of ​​a preset component, the central controller analyzes the second magnetic field change signal to determine the defect location.

[0024] Furthermore, the first magnetic field change signal includes magnetic field change signals in different directions, and the orthogonal differential detection unit includes three groups of mutually orthogonal detection coils. Each group of detection coils is placed in parallel and connected in reverse series, and each group of detection coils collects magnetic field change signals in different directions.

[0025] Furthermore, when a plurality of orthogonal differential detection units are included, each of the orthogonal differential detection units transmits the first magnetic field change signals collected on the surfaces of different preset areas of the preset components to the quantum magnetometer through the time-division multiplexing module.

[0026] Furthermore, the defect detection sensor based on quantum technology also includes a protective shell, the orthogonal differential detection unit is located in the protective shell, and the preset component is an oil and gas pipeline.

[0027] It should be noted that the beneficial effects achieved by the technical solutions of the second to fourth aspects of the present invention and the corresponding possible implementation methods can be found in the above-mentioned technical effects of the first aspect and its corresponding possible implementation methods, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a defect detection sensor based on quantum technology according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a second structural schematic diagram of a defect detection sensor based on quantum technology according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an orthogonal differential detection unit;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the packaged orthogonal differential detection unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, a defect detection sensor based on quantum technology according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a central controller 4, an orthogonal differential detection unit 1, a quantum magnetometer 3 and a magnetic shielding tube 2, wherein the quantum magnetometer 3 is arranged inside the magnetic shielding tube 2, and the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 is arranged outside the magnetic shielding tube 2;

[0035] The orthogonal differential detection unit 1 is used to: collect a first magnetic field change signal on the surface of a preset area of ​​a preset component, transmit it to the quantum magnetometer 3, and apply it to the alkali metal atoms of the quantum magnetometer 3;

[0036] The first magnetic field change signal is transmitted to the quantum magnetometer 3 via a signal line.

[0037] The quantum magnetometer 3 is used to: irradiate the alkali metal atoms with laser light to make the outer electrons of the alkali metal atoms produce spin polarization; when the first magnetic field change signal is applied to the alkali metal atoms of the quantum magnetometer 3, the alkali metal atoms undergo Larmor precession to generate a nuclear magnetic resonance signal; after analyzing the nuclear magnetic resonance signal, a second magnetic field change signal is obtained and sent to the central controller 4;

[0038] The quantum magnetometer 3 includes a laser excitation source and an electromagnetic signal acquisition source 31. The laser excitation source is used to irradiate the alkali metal atoms with laser light to cause the outer electrons of the alkali metal atoms to produce spin polarization. The electromagnetic signal acquisition source 31 is used to collect the second magnetic field change signal when the alkali metal atoms undergo Larmor precession.

[0039] Among them, the atomic magnetometer built into the magnetic shielding tube 2 is used as the core sensor. The magnetic field sensitivity of the atomic magnetometer reaches 10 -15 T, capable of accurately detecting the quantum state of atoms in a magnetic field.

[0040] The central controller 4 is used to analyze the second magnetic field change signal to determine whether there is a defect in a preset area of ​​a preset component, where the defect may be a crack or the like.

[0041] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the central controller 4 is further used to: when a defect exists in a preset area of ​​a preset component, analyze the second magnetic field change signal to determine the defect location.

[0042] The central controller 4 preprocesses and integrates the data, i.e., the second magnetic field change signal, through noise reduction algorithms such as empirical mode decomposition and machine learning. By using the deduction of physical mechanisms, the various intrinsic material properties of the materials used in the preset components can be accurately obtained. With the help of the algorithm of the artificial intelligence defect feature joint detection model, high-precision detection of defects and defect locations of the preset components can be achieved. Combined with multi-channel and multi-dimensional image processing algorithms, the visualization and indexing of the underlying quantum detection information data can be realized, providing efficient decision-making information for the application party.

[0043] In another embodiment, the central controller 4 sends the second magnetic field change signal to the PC terminal 6 through the communication module 5 in a wired communication manner or a wireless communication manner. The PC terminal 6 analyzes the second magnetic field change signal to determine whether there is a defect in the preset area of ​​the preset component. When there is a defect in the preset area of ​​the preset component, the PC terminal 6 analyzes the second magnetic field change signal to determine the defect location.

[0044] The PC terminal 6 can intuitively display the defect position at the preset area of ​​the preset component through image processing software, which is more convenient for viewing, understanding and application.

[0045] When the central controller 4 sends the second magnetic field change signal to the PC terminal 6 through the communication module 5, the TCP / IP protocol can be used. Moreover, the communication module 5 can use multiple channels to facilitate parallel data transmission and improve data transmission efficiency.

[0046] Among them, the preset components can be oil and gas pipelines, and can also be specified according to actual conditions.

[0047] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the first magnetic field change signal includes magnetic field change signals in different directions, and the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 (also referred to as a three-axis differential detection coil) includes three groups of mutually orthogonal detection coils, each group of detection coils is placed in parallel and connected in reverse series, and each group of detection coils collects magnetic field change signals in different directions respectively. The structure of the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, three groups of mutually orthogonal detection coils are divided into: a group of coils 9 for collecting magnetic field change signals in the X-axis direction, a group of coils 10 for collecting magnetic field change signals in the Y-axis direction, and a group of coils 11 for collecting magnetic field change signals in the Z-axis direction. The group of coils 9 for collecting magnetic field change signals in the X-axis direction includes at least one coil, the group of coils 10 for collecting magnetic field change signals in the Y-axis direction includes at least one coil, and the group of coils 11 for collecting magnetic field change signals in the Z-axis direction includes at least one coil. The magnetic field change signals collected by the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 are collected by the electromagnetic signal collection source 31 of the quantum magnetometer 3.

[0048] The orthogonal differential detection unit 1 is composed of three groups of mutually orthogonal detection coils, which pick up the magnetic fields in the X direction, Y direction, and Z direction respectively. Each group of detection coils is placed in parallel and connected in reverse series. The orthogonal differential detection unit 1 is connected to the quantum magnetometer 3 inside the magnetic shielding tube 2. Under the conventional pipe wall detection state, the detection signal difference of the three-direction differential detection coils connected in reverse series is zero; when the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 passes through the defect, the spatial magnetic field disturbance generated at the defect will be collected by the three groups of mutually orthogonal detection coils, and the magnetic field change signal in the X direction, the magnetic field change signal in the Y direction and the magnetic field change signal in the Z direction are obtained. The magnetic field changes in the three directions have different significant effects. The more significant magnetic field change direction is selected as the feature quantity extraction to characterize the magnetic field change value at the defect, obtain the XYZ three-dimensional spatial magnetic field change, and the defect detection dimension is more comprehensive.

[0049] Optionally, in the above technical solution, when multiple orthogonal differential detection units 1 are included, each orthogonal differential detection unit 1 transmits the first magnetic field change signal on the surface of different preset areas of the preset component collected by each of them to the quantum magnetometer 3 through the time-division multiplexing module, and then the quantum magnetometer 3 can collect the second magnetic field change signal. The time-division multiplexing module is used to send the signal data collected by each orthogonal differential detection unit 1 to the quantum magnetometer 3 in turn according to a preset order.

[0050] The time-division multiplexing module is a data acquisition card (data acquisition device) that can simultaneously collect and send multiple channels of data. A data acquisition card that is adapted to the actual situation can be selected as the time-division multiplexing module. The time-division multiplexing module can be used to expand the number of sensor layouts.

[0051] Optionally, in the above technical solution, if Figure 4 As shown, the defect detection sensor based on quantum technology also includes a protective shell 7, the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 is located in the protective shell 7, and the preset component is an oil and gas pipeline.

[0052] Alternatively, if Figure 4 As shown, the protective shell 7 also includes an arc-shaped ceramic wear-resistant sheet 8, which is embedded in the bottom of the protective shell 7. When the oil and gas pipeline is inspected for defects, the arc-shaped ceramic wear-resistant sheet 8 is used to contact the inner wall of the oil and gas pipeline to play a protective role.

[0053] Among them, when the preset component is an oil and gas pipeline, the arc-shaped ceramic wear-resistant sheet 8 can be designed with a corresponding arc according to the inner diameter of the oil and gas pipeline, which can be used to reduce the wear of the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 due to long-term sliding, and the contoured structure ensures the fit between the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 and the pipe wall. The setting of the ceramic material ensures the wear resistance and stability of the sensor during long-distance operation.

[0054] In order to improve the overall signal-to-noise ratio and anti-interference ability, the magnetic shielding tube 2 contains a quantum magnetometer 3 with ultra-high sensitivity. The magnetic field change signals in three directions detected by the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 pass through the magnetic shielding and are then transmitted to the quantum magnetometer 3. The quantum magnetometer 3 is based on quantum spin measurement and uses optical excitation and light detection principles to measure the magnetic field. By exciting the atoms in the atomic gas chamber and measuring the changes in their polarization states, the strength and direction of the surrounding magnetic field can be indirectly measured, with the characteristics of high sensitivity and rapid response.

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, a defect detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention adopts the above-mentioned defect detection sensor based on quantum technology, and includes the following steps:

[0056] S1. A first magnetic field change signal is collected on the surface of a preset area of ​​a preset component by an orthogonal differential detection unit 1 of a defect detection sensor based on quantum technology, and transmitted to a quantum magnetometer 3, and applied to the alkali metal atoms of the quantum magnetometer 3, wherein the quantum magnetometer 3 is arranged inside the magnetic shielding tube 2, and the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 is arranged outside the magnetic shielding tube 2;

[0057] S2, irradiating the alkali metal atoms with laser light through the quantum magnetometer 3 to make the outer electrons of the alkali metal atoms produce spin polarization, and when the first magnetic field change signal is applied to the alkali metal atoms of the quantum magnetometer 3, the alkali metal atoms undergo Larmor precession to generate a nuclear magnetic resonance signal, and after analyzing the nuclear magnetic resonance signal, a second magnetic field change signal is obtained and sent to the central controller 4 in the defect detection sensor based on quantum technology;

[0058] S3. The central controller 4 analyzes the second magnetic field change signal to determine whether there is a defect in a preset area of ​​the preset component.

[0059] Optionally, in the above technical solution, it also includes:

[0060] S4. When there is a defect in the preset area of ​​the preset component, the central controller 4 analyzes the second magnetic field change signal to determine the defect location.

[0061] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the first magnetic field change signal includes magnetic field change signals in different directions, and the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 includes three groups of mutually orthogonal detection coils, each group of detection coils is placed in parallel and connected in reverse series, and each group of detection coils collects magnetic field change signals in different directions respectively.

[0062] Optionally, in the above technical solution, when multiple orthogonal differential detection units 1 are included, each orthogonal differential detection unit 1 transmits the first magnetic field change signal on the surface of different preset areas of the preset component collected by each unit to the quantum magnetometer 3 through a time-division multiplexing module.

[0063] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the defect detection sensor based on quantum technology further includes a protective shell 7, the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 is located in the protective shell 7, and the preset component is an oil and gas pipeline.

[0064] Optionally, the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 is placed in the oil and gas pipeline to be tested, and the moving speed of the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 is set to 1 m / s to ensure that the orthogonal differential detection unit 1 can perform a comprehensive test on the entire pipeline.

[0065] In the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0066] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0067] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A defect detection sensor based on quantum technology, characterized in that: It includes a central controller, an orthogonal differential detection unit, a quantum magnetometer and a magnetic shielding cylinder, wherein the quantum magnetometer is arranged inside the magnetic shielding cylinder, and the orthogonal differential detection unit is arranged outside the magnetic shielding cylinder; The orthogonal differential detection unit is used to: collect a first magnetic field change signal on the surface of a preset area of ​​a preset component, transmit it to the quantum magnetometer, and apply it to the alkali metal atoms of the quantum magnetometer; The quantum magnetometer is used to: irradiate alkali metal atoms with laser light to cause spin polarization of the outer electrons of the alkali metal atoms; when the first magnetic field change signal is applied to the alkali metal atoms of the quantum magnetometer, the alkali metal atoms undergo Larmor precession to generate a nuclear magnetic resonance signal; after analyzing the nuclear magnetic resonance signal, a second magnetic field change signal is obtained and sent to a central controller; The central controller is used to analyze the second magnetic field change signal to determine whether there is a defect in a preset area of ​​the preset component.

2. A defect detection sensor based on quantum technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central controller is also used to: when a defect exists in a preset area of ​​the preset component, analyze the second magnetic field change signal to determine the defect location.

3. A quantum technology-based defect detection sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first magnetic field change signal includes magnetic field change signals in different directions. The orthogonal differential detection unit includes three groups of mutually orthogonal detection coils. Each group of detection coils is placed in parallel and connected in reverse series. Each group of detection coils collects magnetic field change signals in different directions respectively.

4. A defect detection sensor based on quantum technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: When a plurality of orthogonal differential detection units are included, each of the orthogonal differential detection units transmits the first magnetic field change signals collected on the surfaces of different preset areas of the preset component to the quantum magnetometer through a time-division multiplexing module.

5. A quantum technology-based defect detection sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: It also includes a protective shell, the orthogonal differential detection unit is located in the protective shell, and the preset component is an oil and gas pipeline.

6. A defect detection method, characterized in that: include: A first magnetic field change signal on the surface of a preset area of ​​a preset component is collected by an orthogonal differential detection unit of a defect detection sensor based on quantum technology, and transmitted to a quantum magnetometer, and applied to an alkali metal atom of the quantum magnetometer, wherein the quantum magnetometer is arranged inside a magnetic shielding cylinder, and the orthogonal differential detection unit is arranged outside the magnetic shielding cylinder; The alkali metal atoms are irradiated with laser light by the quantum magnetometer to cause the outer electrons of the alkali metal atoms to generate spin polarization. When the first magnetic field change signal is applied to the alkali metal atoms of the quantum magnetometer, the alkali metal atoms undergo Larmor precession to generate a nuclear magnetic resonance signal. After analyzing the nuclear magnetic resonance signal, a second magnetic field change signal is obtained and sent to the central controller in the defect detection sensor based on quantum technology. The central controller analyzes the second magnetic field change signal to determine whether there is a defect in a preset area of ​​the preset component.

7. A defect detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: When a defect exists in the preset area of ​​the preset component, the central controller analyzes the second magnetic field change signal to determine the defect location.

8. A defect detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first magnetic field change signal includes magnetic field change signals in different directions. The orthogonal differential detection unit includes three groups of mutually orthogonal detection coils. Each group of detection coils is placed in parallel and connected in reverse series. Each group of detection coils collects magnetic field change signals in different directions respectively.

9. A defect detection method according to claim 8, characterized in that: When a plurality of orthogonal differential detection units are included, each of the orthogonal differential detection units transmits the first magnetic field change signals collected on the surfaces of different preset areas of the preset component to the quantum magnetometer through a time-division multiplexing module.

10. A defect detection method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The quantum technology-based defect detection sensor further includes a protective shell, the orthogonal differential detection unit is located inside the protective shell, and the preset component is an oil and gas pipeline.

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