A method and system for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and system for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert. The method includes: obtaining monitoring data on the deformation of the invert of a target tunnel, and calculating the position of the invert where defects may exist as the defect position based on the monitoring data; constructing a defect evolution model for the position of the defects at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel; continuously obtaining multiple sets of monitoring data, and forming evolution data along the time sequence based on the monitoring data; calculating the actual evolution model by passing the evolution data through the defect evolution model; calculating the timing for repairing the defect position according to the actual evolution model, and generating a corresponding repair plan. The present invention realizes the analysis of defects at the bottom of the tunnel invert, which can effectively simulate the evolution of the defects, find out the timing for invert repair and perform repair in a timely manner, reduce the damage of the defects at the bottom of the invert to the tunnel lining structure, and can be applied to various tunnels where there may be defects at the bottom of the lining, having good applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to intelligent monitoring technology, and particularly to a method and system for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert. Background Art

[0002] As a support structure at the bottom of a tunnel, if the invert is not filled solidly or has defects, it will cause uneven stress at the bottom of the tunnel. This uneven stress may lead to deformation and displacement of the overall tunnel structure, thereby affecting the stability of the tunnel. Defects at the bottom of the invert may cause water leakage problems in the tunnel. These water leakages will not only affect the normal use of the tunnel, but may also cause further damage to the tunnel structure, such as corroding steel bars and reducing the strength of concrete. As a chemical sedimentary rock formed by the evaporation and concentration of brine or solution with a relatively high salt content, in such an erosive environment, the tunnel is extremely prone to uncertain diseases during operation, which are prominently manifested as cavities at the bottom of the invert. In the prior art, there is little research on the development status of defects at the bottom of the invert, and thus there is an urgent need to improve the risks that may exist during the operation of tunnels with defects at the bottom of the invert. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to at least overcome the above deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method and system for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert, including:

[0005] Obtaining monitoring data of the deformation of the invert of the target tunnel, and calculating the position of the invert where defects may exist as the defect position according to the monitoring data;

[0006] Constructing a defect evolution model for the defect position at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel;

[0007] Continuously obtaining multiple groups of the monitoring data, and forming evolution data along the time series according to the monitoring data;

[0008] Calculating an actual evolution model by passing the evolution data through the defect evolution model;

[0009] Calculating the timing for repairing the defect position according to the actual evolution model, and generating a corresponding repair plan.

[0010] When implementing the embodiments of the present application, first, it is necessary to obtain the defect location through monitoring data. The acquisition method has been disclosed in the applicant's prior application 202410986325.5, and the embodiments of the present application will not repeat it. Different defect evolution models can be constructed for different defect locations, which are used to characterize the invert deformation under different defect degrees. Multiple sets of continuously acquired monitoring data can form evolution data along time series. This evolution data can be analyzed through the defect evolution model to generate an actual evolution model for characterizing the actual defect evolution process of the current tunnel. The main reason for doing this is that through the force method analysis, only the invert displacement under different defect states can be analyzed, and the change of the defect at the defect location of the target tunnel in the actual situation cannot be known. The defect evolution model obtained through the force method analysis combined with the actual evolution data can more accurately analyze the change of the defect at the defect location; it should be understood that for different strata, the defect change is non-linear, generally manifested as the acceleration of defect deterioration. The embodiments of the present application precisely conduct a more accurate quantitative analysis of this process through the actual evolution model.

[0011] In the embodiments of the present application, the timing for repairing the defect location can be calculated through the actual evolution model, which is generally before the defect may cause significant tunnel diseases. The specific repair plan can adopt grouting technology or adding a secondary lining arch, etc., to increase the strength and stiffness of the lining structure, and the embodiments of the present application do not make specific limitations. Through the above technical solutions, the embodiments of the present application realize the analysis of the defects at the bottom of the tunnel invert, which can effectively simulate the evolution of the defects, find the timing for invert repair and perform the repair in a timely manner, reduce the damage of the defects at the bottom of the invert to the tunnel lining structure, and can be applied to various tunnels that may have lining bottom defects, with good applicability.

[0012] In a possible implementation manner, constructing the defect evolution model of the defect location at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel includes:

[0013] Obtain the tunnel parameters of the target tunnel; the tunnel parameters include lining stiffness and surrounding rock pressure;

[0014] Taking the defects with different defect evolution degrees at the defect location as constraints, calculate through the force method to obtain the invert deformation curves corresponding to different defect evolution degrees of the target tunnel to form a curve group; the defect evolution degree is the ratio of the pressure at the defect location to the surrounding rock pressure, and when there is no defect, the defect evolution degree is 100%, and when it is completely defective, the defect evolution degree is 0%;

[0015] Take the curve group as the defect evolution model.

[0016] In a possible implementation manner, calculating an actual evolution model from the evolution data through the defect evolution model includes:

[0017] Putting the monitoring data in the evolution data into the curve group, and interpolating the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data;

[0018] Sorting the defect evolution degrees in time sequence to form an evolution curve;

[0019] Performing polynomial fitting on the evolution curve to form the actual evolution model; the independent variable of the actual evolution model is time, and the dependent variable of the actual evolution model is the defect evolution degree.

[0020] In a possible implementation manner, calculating the timing for repairing the defect position according to the actual evolution model and generating a corresponding repair plan includes:

[0021] Calculating the repair time according to the actual evolution model with a preset defect repair degree; the preset defect repair degree is the defect degree that needs to be repaired, taking 10 - 30%;

[0022] Taking repairing the defect position at the repair time as the repair plan.

[0023] In a possible implementation manner, interpolating the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data includes:

[0024] Obtaining the invert position with the largest absolute value of the peak or valley value in the curve group as the characteristic position data;

[0025] Obtaining the displacement data of the monitoring data at the characteristic position data as the characteristic displacement data, and obtaining multiple curves in the curve group that are closest to the characteristic displacement data as the characteristic curves;

[0026] Calculating the reciprocal of the absolute value of the difference between the displacement value of the characteristic curve at the characteristic position data and the characteristic displacement data as the weight data, and normalizing the weight data to form the characteristic weight of each characteristic curve;

[0027] Performing weighted calculation on the defect evolution degrees corresponding to the characteristic curves according to the characteristic weights to form the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data.

[0028] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide a tunnel invert bottom defect monitoring system, including:

[0029] A monitoring unit, configured to obtain monitoring data of the invert deformation of the target tunnel, and calculate the invert position where defects may exist as the defect position according to the monitoring data;

[0030] A modeling unit, configured to build a defect evolution model for the defect position at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel;

[0031] A timing unit, configured to continuously obtain multiple groups of the monitoring data, and form evolution data along the time sequence according to the monitoring data;

[0032] An evolution unit, configured to calculate an actual evolution model by passing the evolution data through the defect evolution model;

[0033] A calculation unit, configured to calculate the timing for repairing the defect position according to the actual evolution model, and generate a corresponding repair plan.

[0034] In a possible implementation manner, the modeling unit is further configured to:

[0035] Obtain the tunnel parameters of the target tunnel; the tunnel parameters include lining stiffness and surrounding rock pressure;

[0036] Taking the defects with different defect evolution degrees at the defect position as constraints, calculate and obtain the invert deformation curves corresponding to different defect evolution degrees of the target tunnel by the force method to form a curve group; the defect evolution degree is the ratio of the pressure at the defect position to the surrounding rock pressure, and when there is no defect, the defect evolution degree is 100%, and when it is completely defective, the defect evolution degree is 0%;

[0037] Take the curve group as the defect evolution model.

[0038] In a possible implementation manner, the evolution unit is further configured to:

[0039] Put the monitoring data in the evolution data into the curve group, and interpolate the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data;

[0040] Sort the defect evolution degrees in time sequence to form an evolution curve;

[0041] Perform polynomial fitting on the evolution curve to form the actual evolution model; the independent variable of the actual evolution model is time, and the dependent variable of the actual evolution model is the defect evolution degree.

[0042] In a possible implementation manner, the calculation unit is further configured to:

[0043] Calculate the repair time according to the actual evolution model with a preset defect repair degree; the preset defect repair degree is the degree of defect that needs to be repaired, taking 10 - 30%;

[0044] Take repairing the defect position at the repair time as the repair plan.

[0045] In a possible implementation manner, the evolution unit is further configured to:

[0046] Obtain the invert position with the largest absolute value of the peak or trough in the curve group as the feature position data;

[0047] Obtain the displacement data of the monitoring data at the feature position data as the feature displacement data, and obtain multiple curves in the curve group that are closest to the feature displacement data as the feature curves;

[0048] Calculate the reciprocal of the absolute value of the difference between the displacement value of the feature curve at the feature position data and the feature displacement data as the weight data, and normalize the weight data to form the feature weight of each feature curve;

[0049] Perform weighted calculation on the defect evolution degree corresponding to the feature curve according to the feature weight to form the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0051] The present invention realizes the analysis of the defects at the bottom of the tunnel invert, which can effectively simulate the evolution of the defects, find the timing for invert repair and perform repair in a timely manner, reduce the damage of the defects at the bottom of the invert to the tunnel lining structure, and can be applied to various tunnels that may have lining bottom defects, with good applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, form a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation to the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0053] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method steps of the embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the force method calculation of the embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the defect evolution model of the embodiment of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0056] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings in this application are only for the purposes of illustration and description, and are not used to limit the protection scope of this application. Additionally, it should be understood that the schematic drawings are not drawn to scale. The flowcharts used in this application illustrate the operations implemented according to some embodiments of the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the operations in the flowchart may not be implemented in sequence, and steps without a logical context relationship may be reversed or implemented simultaneously. In addition, those skilled in the art can add one or more other operations to the flowchart or remove one or more operations from the flowchart under the guidance of the content of this application.

[0057] In addition, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, rather than all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application usually described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of this application claimed, but merely represents the selected embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0058] Please refer to Figure 1 , which is a schematic flowchart of a method for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Further, the method for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert specifically may include the content described in the following steps S1 to step S5.

[0059] S1: Obtain the monitoring data of the deformation of the tunnel invert of the target tunnel, and calculate the position of the tunnel invert where defects may exist as the defect position according to the monitoring data;

[0060] S2: Construct a defect evolution model for the defect position at the bottom of the tunnel invert of the target tunnel;

[0061] S3: Continuously obtain multiple groups of the monitoring data, and form evolution data along the time sequence according to the monitoring data;

[0062] S4: Calculate the actual evolution model by passing the evolution data through the defect evolution model;

[0063] S5: Calculate the timing for repairing the defect position according to the actual evolution model, and generate a corresponding repair plan.

[0064] When implementing the embodiments of the present application, first, the defect location needs to be obtained through monitoring data. The obtaining method has been disclosed in the applicant's prior application 202410986325.5, and the embodiments of the present application will not repeat it. Different defect evolution models can be constructed for different defect locations, which are used to characterize the invert deformation under different defect degrees. The continuously acquired multi-group monitoring data can form evolution data along time series. This evolution data can be analyzed through the defect evolution model to generate an actual evolution model for characterizing the actual defect evolution process of the current tunnel. The main reason for doing this is that through the force method analysis, only the invert displacement under different defect states can be analyzed, and the change of the defect at the defect location of the target tunnel in the actual situation cannot be known. The defect evolution model obtained through the force method analysis combined with the actual evolution data can more accurately analyze the change of the defect at the defect location; it should be understood that for different strata, the defect change is non-linear, generally showing accelerated defect deterioration. The embodiments of the present application precisely perform a more accurate quantitative analysis of this process through the actual evolution model.

[0065] In the embodiments of the present application, the timing for repairing the defect location can be calculated through the actual evolution model, which is generally before the defect may cause significant tunnel diseases. The specific repair plan can adopt grouting technology or adding a secondary lining arch to increase the strength and stiffness of the lining structure, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not make specific limitations. Through the above technical solutions, the embodiments of the present application realize the analysis of the defects at the bottom of the tunnel invert, which can effectively simulate the evolution of the defects, find out the timing for invert repair and repair in time, reduce the damage of the defects at the bottom of the invert to the tunnel lining structure, and can be applied to various tunnels that may have lining bottom defects, with good applicability.

[0066] In a possible implementation manner, constructing the defect evolution model of the defect location at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel includes:

[0067] Obtain the tunnel parameters of the target tunnel; the tunnel parameters include lining stiffness and surrounding rock pressure;

[0068] Taking the defects with different defect evolution degrees at the defect location as constraints, calculate through the force method to obtain the invert deformation curves corresponding to different defect evolution degrees of the target tunnel to form a curve group; the defect evolution degree is the ratio of the pressure at the defect location to the surrounding rock pressure, and when there is no defect, the defect evolution degree is 100%, and when it is completely defective, the defect evolution degree is 0%;

[0069] Take the curve group as the defect evolution model.

[0070] When implementing the embodiments of the present application, for the formed defect evolution model, please refer to Figure 3, where the solid curve group is the defect evolution model, with the horizontal coordinate being the invert angle and the vertical coordinate being the displacement, in meters. The tunnel parameters of the target tunnel to construct the corresponding invert deformation curve by the force method have been disclosed in the applicant's prior application, and will not be repeated in detail in the embodiments of this application. In the embodiments of this application, the ratio of the pressure at the defect position to the surrounding rock pressure is used as the defect evolution degree to facilitate the subsequent evaluation of defect evolution. Generally, both the pressure at the defect position and the surrounding rock pressure are expressed by stress. Please refer to Figure 2 , which shows the analytical model calculated by the force method in the presence of defects, where q 1 is the stress reduction value caused by the defect, while q is the surrounding rock stress. At this time, in this analytical model, the defect evolution degree is expressed as (q-q 1 ) / q .

[0071] In one possible implementation, calculating the actual evolution model by using the defect evolution model for the evolution data includes:

[0072] Putting the monitoring data in the evolution data into the curve group, and interpolating the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data;

[0073] Sorting the defect evolution degrees in time sequence to form an evolution curve;

[0074] Performing polynomial fitting on the evolution curve to form the actual evolution model; the independent variable of the actual evolution model is time, and the dependent variable of the actual evolution model is the defect evolution degree.

[0075] When implementing the embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 3 , the curve in the dotted part of the figure is the monitoring data, and the corresponding defect evolution degree can be obtained by interpolating the curve in the adjacent curve group; for the evolution curve, since it is the corresponding relationship between the defect evolution degree and the time sequence, the actual evolution model can be obtained by curve fitting. In the embodiments of this application, a trinomial fitting is preferably used to form the final actual evolution model:

[0076]

[0077] In the formula, t is time, generally in days, is the defect evolution degree.

[0078] In one possible implementation, calculating the timing for repairing the defect position according to the actual evolution model and generating a corresponding repair plan includes:

[0079] Calculate the repair time according to the actual evolution model with a preset defect repair degree; the preset defect repair degree is the degree of defects that need to be repaired, taking 10 - 30%;

[0080] Take repairing the defect position at the repair time as the repair plan.

[0081] When the embodiment of the present application is implemented, based on the obtained fitting polynomial above, the defect evolution degree in the actual evolution model can be brought in with a defect repair degree of 10 - 30% to calculate and obtain the number of days to reach this situation, and then corresponding repair preparations can be made in advance.

[0082] In a possible implementation manner, obtaining the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data by interpolating the monitoring data through the curve group includes:

[0083] Obtain the invert position with the largest absolute value of the peak or valley value in the curve group as the characteristic position data;

[0084] Obtain the displacement data of the monitoring data at the characteristic position data as the characteristic displacement data, and obtain multiple curves in the curve group that are closest to the characteristic displacement data as the characteristic curves;

[0085] Calculate the reciprocal of the absolute value of the difference between the displacement value of the characteristic curve at the characteristic position data and the characteristic displacement data as the weight data, and normalize the weight data to form the characteristic weight of each characteristic curve.

[0086] Perform weighted calculation on the defect evolution degree corresponding to the characteristic curve according to the characteristic weight to form the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data.

[0087] When the embodiment of the present application is implemented, it is necessary to first select the characteristic position data. At this position, the curves corresponding to different defect evolution degrees will show the greatest difference. Therefore, selecting the characteristic displacement data corresponding to this characteristic position data can obtain a more accurate weighted interpolation result. When obtaining the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data by weighting, it is necessary to first select the characteristic curves. The process is to first calculate the data value of each curve in the curve group at the characteristic position data as the displacement data to be analyzed; by calculating the absolute value of the difference between the characteristic displacement data and the displacement data to be analyzed, select the multiple curves with the largest absolute value as the characteristic curves. At this time, normalize the reciprocal of the absolute value corresponding to the characteristic curve to obtain the corresponding weighted weight, that is, the characteristic weight, and then perform weighted interpolation to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data.

[0088] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a tunnel invert bottom defect monitoring system, including:

[0089] A monitoring unit, configured to obtain monitoring data on the invert deformation of the target tunnel, and calculate the position of the invert that may have defects as the defect position based on the monitoring data;

[0090] A modeling unit, configured to build a defect evolution model for the defect position at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel;

[0091] A timing unit, configured to continuously obtain multiple sets of the monitoring data, and form evolution data along the time sequence based on the monitoring data;

[0092] An evolution unit, configured to calculate an actual evolution model by passing the evolution data through the defect evolution model;

[0093] A calculation unit, configured to calculate the timing for repairing the defect position based on the actual evolution model, and generate a corresponding repair plan.

[0094] In a possible implementation manner, the modeling unit is further configured to:

[0095] Obtain the tunnel parameters of the target tunnel; the tunnel parameters include lining stiffness and surrounding rock pressure;

[0096] Taking the defects with different defect evolution degrees existing at the defect position as constraints, calculate and obtain the invert deformation curves corresponding to different defect evolution degrees of the target tunnel through the force method to form a curve group; the defect evolution degree is the ratio of the pressure at the defect position to the surrounding rock pressure, and when there is no defect, the defect evolution degree is 100%, and when it is completely defective, the defect evolution degree is 0%;

[0097] Take the curve group as the defect evolution model.

[0098] In a possible implementation manner, the evolution unit is further configured to:

[0099] Put the monitoring data in the evolution data into the curve group, and interpolate the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data;

[0100] Sort the defect evolution degrees in time sequence to form an evolution curve;

[0101] Perform polynomial fitting on the evolution curve to form the actual evolution model; the independent variable of the actual evolution model is time, and the dependent variable of the actual evolution model is the defect evolution degree.

[0102] In a possible implementation manner, the calculation unit is further configured to:

[0103] Calculate the repair time according to the actual evolution model with a preset defect repair degree; the preset defect repair degree is the degree of defects that need to be repaired, taking 10 - 30%.

[0104] Taking the repair of the defect location at the repair time as the repair plan.

[0105] In a possible implementation manner, the evolution unit is further configured to:

[0106] Obtain the invert position with the largest absolute value of the peak or valley in the curve group as the feature position data;

[0107] Obtain the displacement data of the monitoring data at the feature position data as the feature displacement data, and obtain multiple curves in the curve group that are closest to the feature displacement data as the feature curves;

[0108] Calculate the reciprocal of the absolute value of the difference between the displacement value of the feature curve at the feature position data and the feature displacement data as the weight data, and normalize the weight data to form the feature weight of each feature curve;

[0109] Perform weighted calculation on the defect evolution degree corresponding to the feature curve according to the feature weight to form the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data.

[0110] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of the examples have been generally described according to functions in the above description. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the present invention.

[0111] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there can be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the displayed or discussed couplings or direct couplings or communication connections to each other can be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, devices, or units, and can also be electrical, mechanical, or other forms of connection.

[0112] The unit described as a separation component may or may not be physically separated. Obviously, those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described according to functions in the above description. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the present invention.

[0113] In addition, the functional units in each embodiment of the present invention can be integrated into a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.

[0114] If the above-mentioned integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a grid device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memories (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disks, or optical discs that can store program codes.

[0115] The specific embodiments described above further elaborate on the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only the specific embodiments of the present invention and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring defects at the bottom of a tunnel invert, characterized in that, Including: Obtain the monitoring data of the invert deformation of the target tunnel, and calculate the invert position where defects may exist as the defect position according to the monitoring data; Construct a defect evolution model for the defect position at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel; Continuously obtain multiple groups of the monitoring data, and form evolution data along time series according to the monitoring data; Calculate the actual evolution model by passing the evolution data through the defect evolution model; Calculate the timing for repairing the defect position according to the actual evolution model, and generate a corresponding repair plan; Constructing a defect evolution model for the defect position at the bottom of the invert of the target tunnel includes: Obtain the tunnel parameters of the target tunnel; the tunnel parameters include lining stiffness and surrounding rock pressure; Taking the defects with different degrees of defect evolution at the defect position as constraints, calculate and obtain the invert deformation curves corresponding to different degrees of defect evolution of the target tunnel by the force method to form a curve group; the degree of defect evolution is the ratio of the pressure at the defect position to the surrounding rock pressure, and when there is no defect, the degree of defect evolution is 100%, and when it is completely defective, the degree of defect evolution is 0%; Take the curve group as the defect evolution model; Calculating the actual evolution model by passing the evolution data through the defect evolution model includes: Put the monitoring data in the evolution data into the curve group, and interpolate the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the degree of defect evolution corresponding to the monitoring data; Sort the degrees of defect evolution in time series to form an evolution curve; Perform polynomial fitting on the evolution curve to form the actual evolution model; the independent variable of the actual evolution model is time, and the dependent variable of the actual evolution model is the degree of defect evolution; Interpolating the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the degree of defect evolution corresponding to the monitoring data includes: Obtain the invert position with the largest absolute value of the peak or valley value in the curve group as the characteristic position data; Obtain the displacement data of the monitoring data at the characteristic position data as the characteristic displacement data, and obtain multiple curves in the curve group that are closest to the characteristic displacement data as the characteristic curves; Calculate the reciprocal of the absolute value of the difference between the displacement value of the characteristic curve at the characteristic position data and the characteristic displacement data as the weight data, and normalize the weight data to form the characteristic weight of each characteristic curve; Perform weighted calculation on the degree of defect evolution corresponding to the characteristic curve according to the characteristic weight to form the degree of defect evolution corresponding to the monitoring data.

2. The method for monitoring the defects at the bottom of the tunnel invert according to claim 1, characterized in that, Calculating the timing for repairing the defect position according to the actual evolution model, and generating a corresponding repair plan includes: Calculate the repair time according to the actual evolution model with a preset defect repair degree; the preset defect repair degree is the degree of defect that needs to be repaired, taking 10 - 30%; Taking repairing the defect position at the repair time as the repair plan.

3. A tunnel invert bottom defect monitoring system, characterized in that, Including: A monitoring unit configured to obtain the monitoring data of the invert deformation of the target tunnel, and calculate the invert position where defects may exist as the defect position according to the monitoring data; A modeling unit, configured to construct a defect evolution model for the defect position at the bottom of the inverted arch of the target tunnel; A timing unit, configured to continuously obtain multiple sets of the monitoring data and form evolution data along the time sequence according to the monitoring data; An evolution unit, configured to calculate an actual evolution model by using the evolution data through the defect evolution model; A calculation unit, configured to calculate the timing for repairing the defect position according to the actual evolution model and generate a corresponding repair plan; The modeling unit is further configured to: Obtain the tunnel parameters of the target tunnel; the tunnel parameters include lining stiffness and surrounding rock pressure; Calculate and obtain the inverted arch deformation curves corresponding to different defect evolution degrees of the target tunnel by the force method with the defects with different defect evolution degrees existing at the defect position as constraints to form a curve group; The defect evolution degree is the ratio of the pressure at the defect position to the surrounding rock pressure, and when there is no defect, the defect evolution degree is 100%, and when it is completely defective, the defect evolution degree is 0%; Use the curve group as the defect evolution model; The evolution unit is further configured to: Put the monitoring data in the evolution data into the curve group, and interpolate the monitoring data through the curve group to obtain the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data; Sort the defect evolution degrees in time sequence to form an evolution curve; Perform polynomial fitting on the evolution curve to form the actual evolution model; the independent variable of the actual evolution model is time, and the dependent variable of the actual evolution model is the defect evolution degree; The evolution unit is further configured to: Obtain the inverted arch position with the largest absolute value of the peak or valley value in the curve group as the characteristic position data; Obtain the displacement data of the monitoring data at the characteristic position data as the characteristic displacement data, and obtain multiple curves in the curve group that are closest to the characteristic displacement data as the characteristic curves; Calculate the reciprocal of the absolute value of the difference between the displacement value of the characteristic curve at the characteristic position data and the characteristic displacement data as the weight data, and normalize the weight data to form the characteristic weight of each characteristic curve; Perform weighted calculation on the defect evolution degrees corresponding to the characteristic curves according to the characteristic weights to form the defect evolution degree corresponding to the monitoring data.

4. The tunnel invert bottom defect monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation unit is further configured to: Calculate the repair time according to the actual evolution model with a preset defect repair degree; the preset defect repair degree is the defect degree that needs to be repaired, taking 10 - 30%; Take repairing the defect position at the repair time as the repair plan.

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