Power transmission line engineering environment protection typical measure scheme and optimization method

Abstract

The invention discloses a typical measure scheme and optimization method for power transmission line project environmental protection, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the optimization of the environmental protection measures of a power transmission line project through six elements: an electromagnetic environment, a sound environment, an atmospheric environment, a water environment, an ecological environment and solid wastes, and setting a corresponding auditing objective function; the beneficial effects of the invention are that a set of systematized environmental protection scheme is designed in combination with the actual condition of the power transmission and transformation project, the adopted protection measures can accurately and effectively cope with various environmental challenges, the interference to the ecological environment is reduced, and through fine management and scientific budget allocation, the environmental protection effect can be visually understood. Reasonable control of environmental protection cost is realized, and environmental damage caused by insufficient input of environmental protection or economic burden caused by excessive input are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and in particular to a typical environmental protection measure scheme and an optimization method for a power transmission line project. Background Art

[0002] As the world pays more and more attention to sustainable development, power transmission and transformation projects, as an important part of the power system, have attracted more and more attention from the society in terms of environmental impact during the construction process. Power transmission and transformation projects not only involve direct environmental issues such as land use, vegetation destruction, and water resource consumption, but may also affect the habitats of wild animals and plants, and even pose a potential threat to the quality of life of local residents. For this reason, all power grid companies have paid great attention to it, strictly implemented national environmental protection standards, and increased investment in environmental protection. How to achieve environmental protection goals with high quality and balance environmental protection and corporate economic benefits has become one of the key issues that need to be solved in the field of power transmission and transformation projects. This requires us to explore new management methods and technical means to achieve the coordinated development of economy and environment. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a typical environmental protection measure scheme and optimization method for power transmission line projects, enhance the effectiveness of environmental protection measures and achieve reasonable control of environmental protection costs, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A typical environmental protection measure and optimization method for power transmission line projects, specifically including the following steps:

[0006] S1. Optimize the electromagnetic environment of the transmission line project;

[0007] S2. Optimize the acoustic environment of the transmission line project;

[0008] S3. Optimize the atmospheric environment of the transmission line project;

[0009] S4. Optimize the water environment of the transmission line project;

[0010] S5. Optimize the ecological environment of the power transmission line project;

[0011] S6. Optimize the fixed waste environment of the transmission line project;

[0012] S7. Set the measurement index and function of environmental measures for power transmission and transformation projects: Minimize:∑(cost i × i )+∑(slack i ×i ), where cost i represents the environmental management cost of the i-th project, slack i represents the slack variable of the i-th project, that is, the cost or benefit if no environmental management measures are taken, x i Indicates whether the i-th project has taken corresponding environmental management measures. A value of 0 indicates no measures are taken, and a value of 1 indicates yes measures are taken.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the optimization of the electromagnetic environment of the power transmission line project specifically includes the following steps:

[0014] S1.1, Reasonable line selection;

[0015] S1.2. Reasonably determine the height above the ground;

[0016] S1.3, optimize the arrangement of wires;

[0017] S1.4. Reasonable selection of conductor parameters;

[0018] S1.5. Electromagnetic shielding.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the present invention: in the optimization of the conductor arrangement, for a single-circuit transmission line, one of the three arrangements of horizontal arrangement, equilateral triangle arrangement and inverted triangle arrangement is selected according to its conductor arrangement; the conductor parameters include the number of splits, the split spacing and the sub-conductor diameter, and the number of conductor splits, the split spacing and the sub-conductor diameter are reduced while ensuring the required transmission capacity; the electromagnetic shielding measure is to install a shielding wire.

[0020] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the optimization of the acoustic environment for the power transmission line project specifically includes the following steps:

[0021] S2.1. Noise control during construction period: Use color steel plate enclosure or permanent and temporary combination enclosure to control noise;

[0022] S2.2. Noise control during operation: avoid areas with high requirements for acoustic environment quality; reasonably select conductors, sub-conductor splitting spacing, insulator string assembly type and conductor installation height, etc., on the premise of meeting the project's requirements for the mechanical and physical properties of the conductors and the system's transmission capacity requirements, to reduce line noise; during conductor processing and installation, keep the conductor surface smooth to avoid burrs and damage, and reinforce conductor fasteners; strengthen line maintenance inspections to avoid hanging foreign objects and cracking and loosening of hardware, insulators and other components.

[0023] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the optimization of the atmospheric environment for the power transmission line project specifically includes the following steps:

[0024] S3.1. Use water spraying to suppress dust at each dust-generating operation point during the construction process;

[0025] S3.2. Use fog cannons to suppress dust at fixed work points such as material loading and unloading, earth excavation and backfilling;

[0026] S3.3. Use fine mesh to cover dust-suppressing areas such as soil and material storage areas and exposed surface areas;

[0027] S3.4. Clean construction vehicles regularly and ensure that transport vehicles are fully enclosed;

[0028] S3.5. During the construction process, the exposed ground shall be covered and the on-site burning of solid waste such as packaging materials and combustible garbage shall be prohibited.

[0029] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the optimization of the water environment for the power transmission line project specifically includes the following steps:

[0030] S4.1. Set up a mud sedimentation tank for mud wastewater generated by cast-in-place pile foundation construction and drill bit cooling;

[0031] S4.2. Temporary flush toilets shall be set up to treat and dispose of domestic sewage of construction workers during the construction period of power transmission line projects;

[0032] S4.3. Set up temporary septic tanks for the treatment and disposal of domestic sewage of construction workers during the construction period of the power transmission line project;

[0033] S4.4. Dynamic domestic sewage treatment facilities shall be installed in sparsely populated transmission line construction sections to treat and dispose of domestic sewage from construction workers.

[0034] As a preferred solution of the present invention: the optimization of the ecological environment of the power transmission line project specifically includes the following steps:

[0035] S5.1. Vegetation protection and restoration measures: During the construction of transmission lines, avoid densely forested areas and areas with large distribution of key species, strictly control the amount of tree felling, and take measures such as raising the tower body and reducing the width of the transmission corridor for areas that cannot be avoided. For permanent land occupation, the tower base area is essentially limited to four supporting feet. For temporary land occupation, implement vegetation ecological restoration after the construction is completed. For newly built temporary roads, avoid trees, reduce tree felling, avoid hardening of temporary roads, reduce runoff coefficient, and reduce soil erosion;

[0036] S5.2, Animal Protection Measures: Strengthen ecological supervision during construction, prohibit the dumping of domestic garbage within the protection target range, set up warning signs and publicity boards at the construction site to remind construction workers and passers-by to protect wild animals and avoid wild animal invasions. According to the activity patterns of wild animals, reasonably plan and coordinate the construction period to avoid the physiological activity period of wild animals as much as possible, reasonably control the construction scope, control construction noise, reduce the adverse impact on wild animals, pay attention to the impact of nighttime transportation vehicle lights on wild animals, wildlife protection areas and frequently appearing lines, reasonably set up transportation routes, strictly control nighttime construction in sensitive areas, strengthen the protection and treatment of injured wild animals during the construction period, guide ground-dwelling birds to leave the construction area when encountering them, strengthen contact with local wildlife protection departments, and contact protection agencies for treatment when encountering injured wild birds and beasts;

[0037] S5.3. Ecologically fragile area protection measures: optimize the overall layout to the maximum extent possible and reduce the area occupied by the substation project; during the construction phase, strictly organize and manage the construction, define the scope of construction operations, and minimize construction disturbances; after the construction is completed, actively take measures to restore vegetation and nurture the ecology;

[0038] S5.4, Agricultural ecological protection measures: reduce the occupation of cultivated land, tower sites do not fall on cultivated land, or reduce the tower sites that fall in the center of cultivated land, so that the tower sites are located at the corners of farmland, preserve the mature soil and topsoil at the tower base excavation, separate the topsoil and raw soil, plant green manure crops after construction, and restore the soil to farmland after the soil fertility is restored;

[0039] S5.5. Landscape protection measures: Activities such as random felling of shrubs, random mowing of grass, and collection of medicinal herbs are prohibited; domestic waste and construction waste are collected and treated in a centralized manner, avoiding special landscape areas and reducing the land area; and vegetation restoration of various types of temporarily occupied land is carried out after construction.

[0040] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the optimization of the solid waste environment of the power transmission line project specifically includes the following steps:

[0041] S6.1. Ensure reasonable and timely removal of construction waste;

[0042] S6.2. Recycle waste materials and packaging waste generated during the construction period;

[0043] S6.3. Reasonably set up garbage bins at the construction site.

[0044] As a preferred solution of the present invention: the construction waste needs to be covered when it is piled in the open air, and when it is piled indoors, obvious classification and stacking signs need to be set.

[0045] As a preferred solution of the present invention: the objective function in S7 considers the different constraints of each project, and sets the matrix A and the vector b to represent these constraints. The specific form is: A = [a ij ]; b = [b j ], where a ij represents the restriction condition for whether the i-th project adopts the j-th environmental management measure, b j Represents the total cost or total benefit that all projects must meet.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] 1. Significantly reduce environmental impact: take targeted environmental protection measures to effectively reduce the degree of damage to the surrounding ecological environment caused by the project;

[0048] 2. High environmental protection management efficiency: Systematic environmental protection plans reduce duplication of work and improve overall work efficiency;

[0049] 3. Save environmental protection costs: Through refined cost control and optimal resource allocation, while ensuring environmental protection effects, we can reasonably control environmental protection inputs, avoid unnecessary waste of resources, and reduce the overall cost of the project;

[0050] 4. Improve the social image of the project: The method of the present invention can significantly improve the image of the power transmission and transformation project in the public's mind, reflecting the social responsibility of the enterprise in environmental protection, and is conducive to enhancing the social influence and reputation of the enterprise brand;

[0051] 5. Form a standardized management model: The method proposed in this invention has high replicability and promotion value, and can form a standardized management model, which is convenient for promotion and application in more engineering projects and further expands its positive impact. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] See also Figure 1The present invention divides the environmental issues of power transmission line projects into six major elements, namely: electromagnetic environment, acoustic environment, atmospheric environment, water environment, ecological environment and solid waste, which are described separately below.

[0055] 1. Regarding the electromagnetic environment

[0056] The synthetic field generated by the transmission line during power transmission contains field ion flow, which not only has a negative impact on the natural environment, but also threatens the health of surrounding residents. The prevention and control measures for electromagnetic environmental impact mainly consider two aspects: optimizing the general layout of the substation and the electromagnetic environmental impact shielding facilities. The size and distribution of the power frequency electric field of the AC transmission line mainly depend on the line voltage, the height of the conductor to the ground, the phase distance, the phase sequence arrangement, the conductor layout method and the conductor parameters. The size of the power frequency magnetic induction intensity of the ground under the AC overhead transmission line mainly depends on the line transmission current, the height of the conductor to the ground, the phase distance, the conductor layout method and the phase sequence layout method.

[0057] 1) Reasonable line selection

[0058] 2) Reasonably determine the height above the ground

[0059] 3) Optimize the wire layout

[0060] For single-circuit transmission lines, according to their conductor arrangement, they can be divided into three types: horizontal arrangement, regular triangle arrangement and inverted triangle arrangement. When the minimum height of the phase conductors is the same, the inverted triangle arrangement has the smallest power frequency electric field and power frequency electromagnetic intensity under the line, and the smallest corridor width. Multiple single-circuit lines have lower investment than multi-circuit lines on the same tower, but the lines occupy a larger corridor width. Therefore, the line type can be optimized according to the sensitivity of the electromagnetic environment in the area through which the line passes. For double-circuit transmission lines on the same tower where the phase conductors are arranged vertically, there are six phase sequence arrangements. When the phase conductors are arranged in reverse phase sequence, the amplitude of the power frequency electric field intensity under the line is the smallest and the corridor width is the smallest. Therefore, for the conductor arrangement of multi-circuit lines on the same tower, the ground power frequency electric field under the line can be reduced by optimizing the phase sequence. When the line crosses over highways and other transmission lines, according to the requirements of relevant design regulations and regulations, sufficient clear height shall be left in the crossing section to control the maximum ground field strength so that the electric field strength generated during the operation of the line has no effect on the crossing object.

[0061] 4) Reasonable selection of wire parameters

[0062] Conductor parameters include the number of splits, the spacing between splits, and the diameter of the sub-conductor. Increasing the number of conductor splits, the spacing between splits, and the diameter of the sub-conductor can increase the equivalent radius of the split conductor, thereby increasing the self-capacitance of the conductor and the mutual capacitance between the conductor and other conductors, thereby increasing the total charge on the conductor and ultimately increasing the ground power frequency electric field strength. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the transmission capacity, the ground power frequency electric field under the line can be reduced by reasonably selecting the conductor parameters.

[0063] 5) Electromagnetic shielding

[0064] In actual work, the power frequency magnetic field level generated by the transmission line is lower than the national standard, and shielding is generally not required. The use of shielding wires can effectively suppress the electromagnetic field under the transmission line. The shielding wire has a significant weakening effect on the power frequency electric field strength of the transmission line, and its weakening effect on the power frequency magnetic field strength can be almost ignored.

[0065] 2. Acoustic environment

[0066] The acoustic environmental impact of transmission lines mainly occurs during the construction period and the operation period. During the construction period, the noise is mainly generated by construction machinery, and during the operation period, the noise is mainly generated by corona discharge in the air around the conductor. Therefore, the prevention and control of transmission line noise should be considered from both the construction period and the operation period.

[0067] 1) Noise control during construction period

[0068] Scope of application: Applicable to the control of noise during the construction period of power transmission line projects, mainly including color steel plate enclosures, permanent and temporary combined enclosures, etc.

[0069] 2) Noise control during operation

[0070] Scope of application: Applicable to the control of noise during the operation of transmission lines.

[0071] Specific requirements: The prevention and control measures for transmission line noise include avoidance, optimization of conductor design, optimization of conductor manufacturing and installation technology, and strengthening of operation and maintenance.

[0072] ①Avoidance

[0073] When planning and selecting transmission lines, reasonable avoidance measures should be taken to avoid areas with high requirements for sound environment quality, such as schools, sanatoriums, scenic spots, nature reserves, etc.

[0074] ②Optimize wire design

[0075] On the premise of meeting the project's requirements for the mechanical and physical properties of the conductors and the system's transmission capacity requirements, the conductors and sub-conductor splitting spacing, insulator string assembly type, and conductor installation height should be reasonably selected to reduce line noise.

[0076] ③Optimize conductor manufacturing and installation process

[0077] During the wire processing and installation process, the process should be optimized to keep the wire surface smooth, avoid burrs and damage, and reinforce the wire fasteners.

[0078] ④ Strengthen operation and maintenance

[0079] During operation, the maintenance and inspection of the lines should be strengthened to prevent foreign objects from hanging on the high-voltage lines and causing increased noise. Inspection personnel should conduct regular line inspections to prevent the cracking and loosening of hardware, insulators and other components, which may cause hidden dangers to line operation and increased corona noise. Timely adjustments and maintenance should be made to reduce the noise of transmission line operation.

[0080] 3. Atmospheric environment

[0081] The dust at the construction site of the line project mainly comes from earth excavation, material transportation and use, and vehicle driving on the construction site. Since the dust sources are numerous and scattered, the source height is generally below 15m, which is an unorganized emission. At the same time, it is restricted by factors such as construction methods, equipment, and climate, and the randomness and volatility of the dust are relatively large. In order to minimize the impact of dust on the atmospheric environment during the construction period, prevention and control measures such as watering, fog cannons, dense mesh covering, construction vehicle cleaning, and fully enclosed transport vehicles should be adopted during the construction period.

[0082] 1) Sprinkling water to suppress dust

[0083] Scope of application: Mainly applicable to the prevention and control of dust pollution at various dust-generating operation points on construction roads or construction sites;

[0084] 2) Dust suppression with fog cannon

[0085] Scope of application: Applicable to dust pollution prevention and control in fixed-point operations such as material loading and unloading, earth excavation and backfilling;

[0086] 3) Fine mesh covering to suppress dust

[0087] Scope of application: Applicable to the prevention and control of dust pollution in dust-generating material storage points such as soil and material storage yards and exposed surface areas;

[0088] 4) Construction vehicle cleaning

[0089] Scope of application: Applicable to the prevention and control of dust pollution from construction materials and equipment vehicles;

[0090] 5) Fully enclosed transport vehicles

[0091] Scope of application: Applicable to the prevention and control of dust pollution during the transportation of construction waste, sand, gravel and slag;

[0092] 6) Other management measures

[0093] ① During the construction process, the management of the construction site and material transportation should be strengthened, the roads should be kept clean, the material piles and slag piles should be controlled, and dust pollution should be prevented and controlled.

[0094] ② During the construction process, the construction unit shall cover the exposed ground; if the construction land cannot be started temporarily for more than three months, it shall be greened, paved or covered.

[0095] ③It is prohibited to burn packaging materials, combustible garbage and other solid waste on site at the construction site.

[0096] 4. Water environment

[0097] 1) Mud sedimentation tank

[0098] Scope of application: Applicable to the treatment and disposal of mud wastewater generated by cast-in-place pile foundation construction and drill bit cooling;

[0099] 2) Temporary flush toilets

[0100] Scope of application: Applicable to the treatment and disposal of domestic sewage of construction workers during the construction period of power transmission line projects;

[0101] 3) Temporary septic tank

[0102] Scope of application: Applicable to the treatment and disposal of domestic sewage of construction workers during the construction period of power transmission line projects;

[0103] 4) Mobile domestic sewage treatment facilities

[0104] Scope of application: Applicable to the treatment and disposal of domestic sewage of construction workers in sparsely populated transmission line construction sections;

[0105] 5. Ecological environment

[0106] As a development and construction activity, the construction of power transmission and transformation projects may have certain adverse effects on vegetation, animals, land resources and ecologically sensitive areas. The impact during the construction period mainly comes from civil construction, material transportation, and equipment installation, and the impact during the operation period mainly comes from the permanent land occupation, poles and lines of the project. When the power transmission and transformation project passes through a general area, it is necessary to take protective measures for vegetation, animals and land ecology (for land type and surface soil); when it involves ecologically sensitive areas, in addition to taking ecological and environmental protection measures for general areas, corresponding ecological and environmental protection measures should be added for the protection objects of ecologically sensitive areas.

[0107] 1) Vegetation protection and restoration measures

[0108] Scope of application: Applicable to vegetation protection and restoration during the survey, design and construction periods of transmission line projects.

[0109] Specific requirements:

[0110] Rationally organize the tower base construction, choose scientific construction methods, and reduce the temporary occupied area; construct near the boundary of the sensitive area, and arrange the tensioning site outside the area; adopt tensioning methods such as inclined tensioning that occupy a small area and have less interference with vegetation; excavate strictly according to the design area and style requirements, and avoid large-scale excavation; reduce the scope of construction operations, construction personnel and machinery are prohibited from activities outside the specified area, and the width of the construction access road is prohibited from being greater than 6m; construction materials are stacked in an orderly manner to reduce ecological damage around the tower base; domestic garbage and construction waste are collected and processed in a centralized manner, and it is prohibited to discard them at will; achieve a balance between excavation and filling as much as possible, and reasonably dispose of construction earth and stone.

[0111] When transmission lines pass through woodlands and orchards, try to use smaller towers, adopt high tower spans, increase tower spacing and other measures, and choose to pass through areas with the least impact. Set the height of the conductors above the ground according to the natural growth height of the trees, reduce the number of towers built, so as to reduce land occupation and deforestation, and prevent damage to the ecological environment and landscape.

[0112] During excavation, pay attention to protecting the surrounding vegetation, especially controlling the damage to desert vegetation and land, and protecting the sandy environment on which vegetation depends for survival; take avoidance measures for key protected plants; set up eye-catching protection signs during the construction period to remind construction personnel to pay attention to protection, and set up simple fences around the trees. The distance between the fence and the tree trunk should be no less than 3m, and the distance from the protected shrubs and grass vegetation should be no less than 1m; transplant seedlings and saplings within the permanent occupied area to avoid damage; it is strictly prohibited to set up stockpiles and slag yards around key protected plants, and temporary projects such as concrete mixing stations and construction camps should be kept away from protected plants.

[0113] Protection and restoration of vegetation on land occupied by construction:

[0114] ① During the construction of transmission lines, avoid densely forested areas and areas with large distribution of key species, strictly control the amount of tree felling, and take measures such as raising the tower body and reducing the width of the transmission corridor for areas that cannot be avoided, so as to reduce the biomass loss caused by the "height control" measures during operation; it is strictly forbidden to destroy trees outside the scope of land acquisition and that do not affect construction, and artificial replanting and nurturing of forests and grasslands destroyed during construction shall be carried out.

[0115] ② For the permanent land occupation, the tower base area is actually limited to the four supporting feet, and the vegetation in other places will be restored naturally to promote the restoration of the vegetation and landform near the tower base. The topsoil excavated from the permanent land occupation will be stripped and covered with geotextile for protection to reduce wind and water erosion. After the construction is completed, it will be used as soil for vegetation restoration of the excavated land.

[0116] ③ For temporary land occupation, after the construction is completed, implement vegetation ecological restoration as soon as possible and strengthen nurturing management. In the northwest region, use plant grid sand barriers + plant wind-resistant native plants to complete ecological restoration or repair to prevent sand dune activation and land desertification; in the central region, implement ecological restoration in combination with the construction of small-scale soil and water loss prevention and control projects.

[0117] ④ For newly built temporary roads, avoid trees to reduce deforestation, avoid hardening of temporary roads to reduce runoff coefficient and soil erosion; after the construction is completed, the forest land occupied by temporary roads should be rectified and restored in time; for grasslands and wastelands, sow grass seeds or plant shrubs.

[0118] 2) Animal protection measures

[0119] Scope of application: Applicable to animal protection during the survey, design and construction periods of transmission line projects.

[0120] Specific requirements:

[0121] During the construction process, construction management was comprehensively strengthened to protect all kinds of wild animals:

[0122] ① Strengthen the education and management of construction personnel, strengthen ecological supervision of construction, prohibit the dumping of domestic garbage within the scope of the protection target; educate construction personnel not to pick up bird eggs, capture wild animals and their young. When construction is near the protection target, avoid entering. If you must enter for construction, try to shorten the stay time in the area. It is prohibited to illegally enter the buffer zone and core zone of the nature reserve, prohibit unrelated personnel from entering the construction site at will, and prohibit cross-border construction.

[0123] ② Set up warning signs and publicity boards at the construction site to remind construction workers and passers-by to protect wild animals and avoid wild animal intrusion.

[0124] ③ According to the activity patterns of wild animals, rationally plan and coordinate the construction period to avoid the peak physiological activity periods of wild animals, such as the breeding season (May to August). Most wild animals go out to forage in the morning, evening and night, so make a good construction plan to avoid construction at the above times as much as possible.

[0125] ④ The construction site should avoid the wildlife activity paths. If it cannot be avoided, the management level of the construction site should be improved to mitigate the impact on the wildlife.

[0126] ⑤ Reasonably control the scope of construction, control construction noise, and reduce adverse effects on wild animals. When construction machinery and vehicles need to be repaired or maintained, arrange for them to be carried out outside sensitive areas to reduce direct interference.

[0127] ⑥ Pay attention to the impact of nighttime transport vehicle lights on wild animals, wildlife protection areas and frequently appearing lines, reasonably set up transportation routes, and strictly control nighttime construction in sensitive areas.

[0128] ⑦ Strengthen the protection and treatment of injured wild animals during the construction period. When encountering ground-dwelling birds, induce them to leave the construction area. Strengthen contact with local wildlife protection departments. When encountering injured wild birds and animals, contact protection agencies for treatment.

[0129] 3) Protection measures for ecologically fragile areas

[0130] Scope of application: Applicable to the protection of ecologically fragile areas during the survey, design and construction periods of transmission line projects.

[0131] Specific requirements:

[0132] For substation projects located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with harsh climate and fragile ecology, the implementation of the project construction should take "reducing disturbance and strengthening nurturing" as the fundamental ecological protection strategy. The design should optimize the overall layout to the maximum extent and reduce the area occupied by the substation project; during the construction phase, strict construction organization and management should be implemented, the scope of construction operations should be defined, and construction disturbances should be minimized; after the construction is completed, active measures should be taken to restore vegetation and nurture the ecology.

[0133] 4) Agricultural ecological protection measures

[0134] Scope of application: Applicable to the protection of agricultural ecological zones during the survey, design and construction periods of transmission line projects.

[0135] Specific requirements:

[0136] The following measures are mainly taken to protect agricultural ecology during the project construction process:

[0137] ① Reduce the occupation of cultivated land and occupy wasteland and grassland at the corners of cultivated fields as much as possible.

[0138] ② When the tower base must requisition basic farmland, the land requisition procedures shall be carried out in accordance with the "Basic Farmland Protection Regulations", and the arable land reclamation fee shall be paid. The local government shall modify the land use plan and add basic farmland of equivalent quantity and quality.

[0139] ③ When positioning the tower base for a line that crosses cultivated land, optimize the tower base based on the terrain characteristics to avoid the tower base falling into the cultivated land as much as possible, or reduce the number of tower bases that fall into the center of cultivated land, so that the tower base is located at the corner of the farmland to reduce the impact on farming.

[0140] ④ During the construction, preserve the mature soil and surface soil at the tower base excavation site, pile the surface mature soil and raw soil separately, temporarily pile the soil on the ridge or the slope of the field, and do not cover the farmland outside the requisition scope. Backfill in accordance with the order of soil layers.

[0141] ⑤After construction, vegetation restoration measures shall be taken according to the characteristics of different regions. Green manure crops can be planted on some temporarily occupied land first, and then restored to farmland after the soil fertility is restored.

[0142] ⑥After the construction is completed, clean up the construction site immediately and reclaim the land.

[0143] 5) Landscape protection measures

[0144] Scope of application: Applicable to landscape protection during the survey, design and construction periods of transmission line projects.

[0145] Specific requirements:

[0146] When designing and explaining environmental protection measures, it is clearly required that construction personnel raise their awareness of environmental protection, protect vegetation, and prohibit activities such as cutting shrubs, mowing grass, and collecting herbs at will. Construction personnel and machinery carry out construction activities in the specified area, and domestic garbage mowing, collecting herbs, and other activities. Construction personnel and machinery carry out construction activities in the specified area, and domestic garbage and construction waste are collected and processed in a centralized manner, and shall not be scattered at will. The site selection of construction sites and construction camps avoids special landscape areas, and the land area is minimized as much as possible. The original landform is restored in time after the construction is completed. Vegetation restoration of various types of temporary land occupation is carried out in a timely manner to achieve coordination with the surrounding natural environment, eliminate visual pollution to the natural ecological landscape, and restore to or close to the original natural ecological landscape.

[0147] 6. Solid waste

[0148] Solid waste from transmission lines of power transmission and transformation projects is mainly generated during the construction period. The solid waste during the construction period of transmission lines is mainly construction waste and domestic waste. No solid waste is generated during the operation period.

[0149] 1) Construction waste removal

[0150] Scope of application: Applicable to the removal of construction waste during the construction period of transmission line projects.

[0151] Specific requirements:

[0152] Construction waste can be piled in the open air or indoors. Construction waste piled in the open air should be covered in time to avoid rain and reduce dust. Uncontrolled stacking or stacking near environmentally sensitive areas or natural water bodies is strictly prohibited. The stacking area should be marked with obvious classification and stacking signs. No unit or individual may dump, scatter or stack construction waste at will.

[0153] Construction units shall promptly remove construction waste generated during the construction process, and take covering or sealing measures during the removal process. Recyclable items such as scrap metal, scrap plastic, and scrap packaging shall be classified and recycled by the construction unit. Non-recyclable construction waste such as concrete blocks, crushed stones, and waste mortar shall be collected and removed in accordance with the regulations of the municipal people's government's urban appearance and environmental sanitation department, and transported to the municipal designated location for treatment at the approved time and route.

[0154] 2) Recycling and utilization of waste and packaging

[0155] Scope of application: waste materials and packaging waste generated during the construction period, including processing waste, waste tools, waste rubber and plastic products, etc. Packaging waste includes glass bottles, metal barrels, cans, plastic film bags, cartons, paper boxes, etc.

[0156] 3) Construction site garbage bin

[0157] Scope of application: Domestic waste generated in construction production areas, office areas and living areas.

[0158] In summary, the implementation of environmental protection measures must not only achieve the purpose of protecting the environment but also control costs to ensure the economic interests of investors. Therefore, it is of great significance to rationally optimize the configuration of environmental protection measures through scientific methods. The environmental measures of power transmission and transformation projects can be measured by the following indicators: energy consumption, carbon emissions, waste generation, etc. These indicators can be used as input variables, while considering other factors such as policy support and technological innovation, to construct a linear programming model to solve the optimal environmental protection measures management combination. Specifically, the objective function can be expressed by the following formula:

[0159] Minimize:∑(cost i × i )+∑(slack i × i )

[0160] In addition, some constraints need to be considered, such as each project can only choose one or a combination of several environmental management measures, as well as the coordination between various projects. These constraints can be represented by matrix A and vector b, specifically in the form of: A = [a ij ]; b = [b j ].

[0161] In combination with the above description, the present invention can not only effectively improve the environmental protection status of power transmission and transformation projects, but also bring significant economic and social benefits, and promote the construction of power infrastructure towards a greener and more sustainable development path.

[0162] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A typical environmental protection measure and optimization method for power transmission line projects, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Optimize the electromagnetic environment of the transmission line project; S2. Optimize the acoustic environment of the power transmission line project; S3. Optimize the atmospheric environment of the transmission line project; S4. Optimize the water environment of the transmission line project; S5. Optimize the ecological environment of the power transmission line project; S6. Optimize the fixed waste environment of the transmission line project; S7. Set the measurement index and function of environmental measures for power transmission and transformation projects: Minimize:∑(cost i × i )+∑(slack i × i ), where cost i represents the environmental management cost of the i-th project, slack i represents the slack variable of the i-th project, that is, the cost or benefit if no environmental management measures are taken, x i Indicates whether the i-th project has taken corresponding environmental management measures. A value of 0 indicates no measures are taken, and a value of 1 indicates yes measures are taken.

2. The typical environmental protection measures and optimization method for power transmission line projects according to claim 1 are characterized by: The optimization of the electromagnetic environment of the power transmission line project specifically includes the following steps: S1.1, Reasonable line selection; S1.

2. Reasonably determine the height above the ground; S1.3, optimize the arrangement of wires; S1.

4. Reasonable selection of conductor parameters; S1.

5. Electromagnetic shielding.

3. A typical environmental protection measure and optimization method for power transmission line projects according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the optimization of the conductor arrangement method, for a single-circuit transmission line, one of the three arrangements of horizontal arrangement, equilateral triangle arrangement and inverted triangle arrangement is selected according to its conductor arrangement method; the conductor parameters include the number of splits, the split spacing and the sub-conductor diameter, and the number of conductor splits, the split spacing and the sub-conductor diameter are reduced while ensuring the required transmission capacity; the electromagnetic shielding measure is to install shielding wires.

4. The typical environmental protection measures and optimization method for power transmission line projects according to claim 1 are characterized by: The optimization of the acoustic environment for the power transmission line project specifically includes the following steps: S2.

1. Noise control during construction period: Use color steel plate enclosure or permanent and temporary combination enclosure to control noise; S2.

2. Noise control during operation: avoid areas with high requirements for acoustic environment quality; reasonably select conductors, sub-conductor splitting spacing, insulator string assembly type and conductor installation height, etc., on the premise of meeting the project's requirements for the mechanical and physical properties of the conductors and the system's transmission capacity requirements, to reduce line noise; during conductor processing and installation, keep the conductor surface smooth to avoid burrs and damage, and reinforce conductor fasteners; strengthen line maintenance inspections to avoid hanging foreign objects and cracking and loosening of hardware, insulators and other components.

5. The typical environmental protection measures and optimization method for power transmission line projects according to claim 1 are characterized by: The optimization of the atmospheric environment for the power transmission line project specifically includes the following steps: S3.

1. Use water spraying to suppress dust at each dust-generating operation point during the construction process; S3.

2. Use fog cannons to suppress dust at fixed work points such as material loading and unloading, earth excavation and backfilling; S3.

3. Use fine mesh to cover dust-suppressing areas such as soil and material storage areas and exposed surface areas; S3.

4. Clean construction vehicles regularly and ensure that transport vehicles are fully enclosed; S3.

5. During the construction process, the exposed ground shall be covered and the on-site burning of solid waste such as packaging materials and combustible garbage shall be prohibited.

6. The typical environmental protection measures and optimization method for power transmission line projects according to claim 1 are characterized by: The optimization of the water environment for the power transmission line project specifically includes the following steps: S4.

1. Set up a mud sedimentation tank for mud wastewater generated by cast-in-place pile foundation construction and drill bit cooling; S4.

2. Temporary flush toilets shall be set up to treat and dispose of domestic sewage of construction workers during the construction period of power transmission line projects; S4.

3. Set up temporary septic tanks for the treatment and disposal of domestic sewage of construction workers during the construction period of the power transmission line project; S4.

4. Dynamic domestic sewage treatment facilities shall be installed in sparsely populated transmission line construction sections to treat and dispose of domestic sewage from construction workers.

7. The typical environmental protection measures and optimization method for power transmission line projects according to claim 1 are characterized by: The optimization of the ecological environment for the power transmission line project specifically includes the following steps: S5.

1. Vegetation protection and restoration measures: During the construction of transmission lines, avoid densely forested areas and areas with large distribution of key species, strictly control the amount of tree felling, and take measures such as raising the tower body and reducing the width of the transmission corridor for areas that cannot be avoided. For permanent land occupation, the tower base area is essentially limited to four supporting feet. For temporary land occupation, implement vegetation ecological restoration after the construction is completed. For newly built temporary roads, avoid trees, reduce tree felling, avoid hardening of temporary roads, reduce runoff coefficient, and reduce soil erosion; S5.2, Animal Protection Measures: Strengthen ecological supervision during construction, prohibit the dumping of domestic garbage within the protection target range, set up warning signs and publicity boards at the construction site to remind construction workers and passers-by to protect wild animals and avoid wild animal invasions. According to the activity patterns of wild animals, reasonably plan and coordinate the construction period to avoid the physiological activity period of wild animals as much as possible, reasonably control the construction scope, control construction noise, reduce the adverse impact on wild animals, pay attention to the impact of nighttime transportation vehicle lights on wild animals, wildlife protection areas and frequently appearing lines, reasonably set up transportation routes, strictly control nighttime construction in sensitive areas, strengthen the protection and treatment of injured wild animals during the construction period, guide ground-dwelling birds to leave the construction area when encountering them, strengthen contact with local wildlife protection departments, and contact protection agencies for treatment when encountering injured wild birds and beasts; S5.

3. Ecologically fragile area protection measures: optimize the overall layout to the maximum extent possible and reduce the area occupied by the substation project; during the construction phase, strictly organize and manage the construction, define the scope of construction operations, and minimize construction disturbances; after the construction is completed, actively take measures to restore vegetation and nurture the ecology; S5.4, Agricultural ecological protection measures: reduce the occupation of cultivated land, tower sites do not fall on cultivated land, or reduce the tower sites that fall in the center of cultivated land, so that the tower sites are located at the corners of farmland, preserve the mature soil and topsoil at the tower base excavation, separate the topsoil and raw soil, plant green manure crops after construction, and restore the soil to farmland after the soil fertility is restored; S5.

5. Landscape protection measures: Activities such as random felling of shrubs, random mowing of grass, and collection of medicinal herbs are prohibited; domestic waste and construction waste are collected and treated in a centralized manner, avoiding special landscape areas and reducing the land area; and vegetation restoration of various types of temporarily occupied land is carried out after construction.

8. The typical environmental protection measures and optimization method for power transmission line projects according to claim 1 are characterized by: The optimization of the solid waste environment of the power transmission line project specifically includes the following steps: S6.

1. Ensure reasonable and timely removal of construction waste; S6.

2. Recycle waste materials and packaging waste generated during the construction period; S6.

3. Reasonably set up garbage bins at the construction site.

9. A typical environmental protection measure and optimization method for power transmission line projects according to claim 8, characterized in that: The construction waste needs to be covered when it is piled in the open air, and obvious classification and stacking signs need to be set up when it is piled indoors.

10. A typical environmental protection measure and optimization method for power transmission line engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The objective function in S7 considers the different constraints of each project and sets the matrix A and the vector b to represent these constraints. The specific form is: A = [a ij ]; b = [b j ], where a ij represents the restriction condition for whether the i-th project adopts the j-th environmental management measure, b j Represents the total cost or total benefit that all projects must meet.

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