Ion-electron disruption device for treating waste

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for treating solid and / or liquid waste, in particular to a device for treating waste by means of an ion-electron disruption method. The invention relates to obtaining the technical result of expanding the range of a device for treating waste, which has an expanded region formed by a corona discharge current, and avoiding the necessity of using a high-voltage pulse source. The technical result is achieved by means of a device for ion-electron disruption of waste. The device comprises a waste supply unit, a charged substance particle source, a suction air fan, an output pipe and a reactor. The reactor is implemented in the form of a closed chamber having an input opening connected to a waste feed unit, an output opening connected to an output tube for removing gaseous disruption products, and an additional input opening connected to an outlet of a source of charged material particles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for treating solid and / or liquid waste, and in particular to a device for treating waste by ion-electron destruction. Background Art

[0002] Patent RU2786209 (published on December 19, 2022) discloses a known reactor, which is a closed cavity, whose input port is connected to a waste feed device and whose output port is used to discharge gaseous destruction products, wherein the inner surface of the cavity is fully or partially conductive. An electrode protrudes into the reactor, which is isolated from the inner surface. The electrode is connected to a high-voltage pulse source. The gap between the electrode and the conductive surface of the cavity is large enough to form a corona discharge current.

[0003] The disadvantages of this reactor are that the area of ​​the corona discharge current formed around the electrode is small, which hinders the treatment of waste far away from the electrode, and the reactor must be operated using a high-voltage pulse source. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to achieve the technical effect of expanding the scope of waste treatment equipment, expanding the formation area of ​​corona discharge current, and avoiding the necessity of using a high voltage pulse source.

[0005] The technical effect is achieved by an ionic electronic waste destruction device. The device includes a waste supply unit, a charged material particle source, an air suction fan, an output pipe and a reactor. The reactor is implemented as a closed chamber having an input opening connected to the waste feed unit, an output opening connected to the output pipe for removing gaseous destruction products, and an additional input opening connected to the outlet of the charged material particle source.

[0006] Preferably, the reactor is implemented with an additional output opening connected to the inlet of the source of charged species particles.

[0007] Preferably, the source of charged substance particles is realized as a triboelectric source.

[0008] In one embodiment, the outlet pipe is equipped with an expansion tank for cooling and condensing the evaporated and gaseous destruction products leaving the reactor.

[0009] In one embodiment, the output pipe is equipped with an electrostatic filter.

[0010] In one embodiment, the inner surface of the reactor chamber is made fully or partially conductive.

[0011] In one embodiment, the inner surface of the reactor chamber has a cooling circuit for condensing the vaporized and gaseous destruction products leaving the reactor.

[0012] In one embodiment, the cooling circuit of the inner surface of the reactor chamber is water based.

[0013] Preferably, the cooling circuit of the inner surface of the reaction chamber is realized by a metal surface facing the interior of the reactor.

[0014] Preferably, the conductive portion of the inner surface of the reaction chamber is made of steel or other metal.

[0015] In one embodiment, the non-conductive inner surface of the reactor chamber has a protective dielectric coating.

[0016] In one embodiment, the bottom of the reactor chamber is flat and conductive.

[0017] In one embodiment, the bottom of the reactor chamber is covered with water or a conductive aqueous liquid.

[0018] In one embodiment, the bottom of the reactor chamber comprises a bath or baths for collecting condensed destruction products.

[0019] In one embodiment, the bath in the bottom of the reactor chamber is filled with water or an aqueous liquid.

[0020] Preferably, air entry into the reactor is restricted.

[0021] In one embodiment, restriction of air ingress is provided by means of a compaction plug closing the input of the reactor, wherein the compaction plug is preformed by compressing the waste prior to loading it into the reactor.

[0022] Preferably, the pressure in the reactor is reduced by 0.1-1.0 Pa relative to the atmospheric pressure.

[0023] In one embodiment, reduced pressure inside the reactor is provided by connecting an electrostatic filter and a suction air fan to the output opening.

[0024] Preferably, the means for ion-electron destruction of waste products are realized with a conduit for removing condensed destruction products from a bath at the bottom of the reactor chamber.

[0025] Preferably, the means for ion-electron destruction of waste products are implemented with a conduit for removing condensed destruction products from the expansion tank. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The present invention is shown in FIG.

[0027] Figure 1 Representation of a vertical cross section of an apparatus for ion-electron destruction of waste, using the following indicators:

[0028] 1 Reactor body with inner cavity

[0029] 2 Reactor input port

[0030] 3 Reactor output port

[0031] 4 Reactor cavity inner surface

[0032] 5. Conductive surface of water cooling circuit

[0033] 6 additional input openings

[0034] 7. Triboelectric power source of charged particles

[0035] 8 Reactor bottom

[0036] 9Unit for supplying waste to be treated

[0037] 10Electrostatic filter

[0038] 11Suction fan

[0039] 12 Additional output opening for feeding the discharged particles from the reactor to the source of charged material particles (7)

[0040] 13 output tube

[0041] 14 Bath at the bottom of the reactor

[0042] 15 Expansion tank

[0043] 16 water cooling circuits

[0044] 17 Pipe for removing condensed destruction products from the bath at the bottom of the reactor

[0045] 18 Pipe for removing condensate destruction products from expansion tank

[0046] 19 Water

[0047] 20 Gaseous products of waste destruction

[0048] 21 Destruction products condensed in the reactor

[0049] 22Destruction of products condensed in the expansion tank

[0050] 23 Air flow with charged particles

[0051] 24 Air flow with uncharged particles

[0052] 25 Suction fan with friction power source of charged material particles DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The present invention can be implemented as a device for ion-electron destruction of waste. The reactor body (1) of the device has an input opening (2) and an output opening (3), the input opening (2) is connected to a unit (9) for feeding solid and / or liquid waste to be treated, and the output opening (3) is used to remove gaseous destruction products from the reactor. The feed unit (9) is configured to restrict air from entering the reactor. The output opening (3) is connected to the input of an electrostatic filter (10). The output of the electrostatic filter (10) is connected to an expansion tank (15). The expansion tank (15) is connected to an intake air fan (11), which sucks gaseous destruction products (20) to an output pipe (13) connected thereto. The outlet of the charged material particle friction power source (7) is connected to an additional input opening (6) of the cavity of the reactor body (1), and the inlet of the charged material particle friction power source (7) is connected to an additional output opening (12) of the cavity of the reactor body (1). The surface (5) of the water cooling circuit (16) for condensing the destruction products is made of steel. The bottom (8) of the reactor contains a bath (14) and is covered with water (19). A pipe (17) is used to remove condensed destruction products from the bath (14) in the bottom (8) of the reactor, and a pipe (18) is used to remove condensed destruction products from the expansion tank (15).

[0054] The device operates as follows. A portion of compressed waste, such as solid domestic waste, is loaded into the device from a unit (9) for feeding the waste to be treated via an input opening (2) while restricting atmospheric air from entering the reactor body (1). Charged material particles are supplied from a source of charged material particles (7) into the cavity of the reactor body (1) via an additional input opening (6).

[0055] As known from [1], the charged particles begin to cause a corona discharge current, which begins to multiply and diffuse away from the particles, gradually filling the entire volume of the cavity of the reactor body (1). The electrons of the corona discharge current have an impact on the water contained in the waste load and, when destroying the water molecules, cause the formation of free radicals: H2O→OH·+H·. In addition, other active substances are formed in the reactor due to the pulsed corona discharge streamers: O3, O2 (a 1 Δ)、H2O2、ΟH、O( 3The corona discharge also causes ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The above-mentioned active substances and UV radiation destroy any organic and inorganic substances contained in the waste to be treated, thereby destroying them and forming harmless gaseous reaction products, namely water and carbon dioxide. The non-organic content of the waste is destroyed by the acids HNO2 and HNO3, which are formed in the reactor due to the corona discharge. The oxidation process of organic substances in water is a chain reaction [2]. Slow-rate chain reactions can be initiated by atmospheric oxygen and ozone. High-rate chain reactions are initiated by OH· free radicals. In other words, ion-electron destruction of organic and inorganic substances contained in the waste is provided in the device.

[0056] The vapors of the various destruction products (21) condense on the metal surface (5) of the water cooling circuit (16), in which the temperature of the water is kept lower than the temperature inside the reactor. The condensed destruction products (21) flow down along the surface (5) to the bottom of the bath (14) in the reactor and are then discharged through the pipe (17). The evaporated and gaseous destruction products enter the output opening (3) of the reactor and, after being refined by an electrostatic filter (10), they are supplied to the expansion tank (15), in which the cooling and condensation vapors of the various destruction products occur during their adiabatic expansion. The condensed destruction products are collected at the bottom of the expansion tank (15) and are further discharged through the pipe (18).

[0057] The particles are discharged, for example, due to their interaction with each other or with the steel surface (5) of the water cooling circuit (16), and at the same time they are sucked by the suction air fan (25) into the additional output opening (12) for supplying the particles discharged during the destruction start process to the source (7) of charged particles for recharging. Thereafter, the charged particles re-enter the cavity of the reactor body (1) again via the additional input opening (6) and form a corona discharge current. The destruction process is repeated until the complete destruction of the waste loaded into the device is completed.

[0058] Thus, a specific technical effect is obtained in the claimed device, namely providing ion-electron destruction of both organic and inorganic substances contained in domestic waste.

[0059] Non-patent literature

[0060] [1] Sinkevich AA, Dovgalyuk YA. Corona discharge in clouds / / Higher Education Press, Radiophysics, 2013, Vol. 56, No. 11-12, pp. 908-919.

[0061] [2] Piskarev IM. Redox processes in water induced by surface discharges / / Journal of General Chemistry, Vol. 71, No. 10, 2001, p. 1622.

Claims

1. A device for the ion-electron destruction of waste, comprising a waste supply unit, an extraction air fan, an output pipe and a reactor implemented as a closed chamber, the closed chamber having an input opening connected to the waste supply unit and an output opening connected to the output pipe for removing gaseous destruction products, wherein the device comprises a source of charged material particles and the reactor has an additional input opening connected to the outlet of the source of charged material particles, resulting in the formation of a corona discharge plasma flow in the reactor.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The reactor has an additional output opening connected to an inlet of the source of charged species particles.

3. The device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein: The source of charged material particles is a triboelectric source.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The outlet pipe is equipped with an expansion tank for cooling and condensing the evaporated and gaseous destruction products leaving the reactor.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The outlet pipe is equipped with an electrostatic filter.

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The inner surface of the chamber of the reactor is fully or partially electrically conductive.

7. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The inner surface of the chamber of the reactor is equipped with a cooling circuit for condensing the vaporized and gaseous destruction products.

8. The device according to claim 7, wherein: The cooling circuit of the inner surface of the chamber of the reactor is water-based.

9. The device according to any one of claims 7 and 8, wherein: The cooling circuit of the inner surface of the chamber of the reactor has a metal surface facing the interior of the reactor.

10. The device according to claim 6, wherein: The electrically conductive portion of the inner surface of the chamber of the reactor is made of steel or another metal.

11. The device according to any one of claims 1 and 6, wherein: The non-conductive inner surface of the chamber of the reactor has a protective dielectric coating.

12. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The bottom of the reactor chamber is flat and conductive.

13. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The bottom of the chamber of the reactor is covered with water or a conductive aqueous liquid.

14. The device according to any one of claims 1, 12 and 13, wherein: The bottom of the chamber of the reactor comprises a bath or baths for collecting the condensed destruction products.

15. The device according to claim 14, wherein: The bath or baths in the bottom of the chamber of the reaction are filled with water or an electrically conductive aqueous liquid.

16. The device according to claim 1, wherein Air entry into the reactor is restricted.

17. The device according to claim 16, wherein: Restriction of air into the reactor is provided by a compaction plug closing the input of the reactor and the compaction plug is preformed by compressing the waste before loading it into the reactor.

18. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The pressure in the reactor is reduced by 0.1 to 1.0 Pa relative to the atmospheric pressure.

19. The device according to claim 18, wherein: A reduced pressure inside the reactor is provided by connecting an electrostatic filter and the suction air fan to the output opening.

20. The device according to any one of claims 14 and 15, equipped with a line for removing condensed destruction products from the bath or baths in the bottom of the chamber of the reactor.

21. The apparatus according to claim 4, provided with a line for removing condensed destruction products from the expansion tank.

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