Litchi pest and disease damage green prevention and control integrated method

Abstract

The invention discloses a green prevention and control integrated method for litchi diseases and insect pests. According to the comprehensive green prevention and control method for the litchi diseases and insect pests, a litchi fitness cultivation technology, a light insect trapping and killing technology, a color insect trapping and killing technology, a biopesticide prevention and control technology, a one-spraying-three-province synergistic and decrement pesticide application technology and a precise forecasting technology are integrated. The method has the advantages that operation is simple, litchi planting operators can easily understand the method, a series of green prevention and control technologies are integrated, the green prevention and control effect is obvious, the amount of fertilizer and pesticide for the litchis is reduced remarkably, good economic benefits are obtained, and the method is suitable for green and sustainable development of the litchis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of integrated green prevention and control of litchi pests and diseases, and specifically relates to a green prevention and control method for litchi pests and diseases and a technology for reducing the amount of fertilizers and pesticides and increasing the efficiency of litchi pests and diseases. Background Art

[0002] In view of the common problems of excessive application of pesticides, low utilization efficiency and low popularization rate of new technologies in litchi production, it is imperative to carry out green prevention and control of litchi pests and diseases. It is very necessary to invent an integrated technology for green prevention and control of litchi pests and diseases that will help growers to simplify operations, reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides, improve prevention and control effects and achieve better economic benefits.

[0003] The main integrated technologies include: litchi fitness cultivation technology, light-attracting insecticide technology, color-attracting insecticide technology, biological pesticide control technology, "one spray, three savings" efficiency-enhancing and amount-reducing pesticide application technology, and precise monitoring and reporting technology.

[0004] Technology application a: Fitness cultivation technology, from June to August every year, after the fruit picking work of the fruit trees is completed, timely pruning is carried out; after pruning, organic fertilizer is applied to promote the uniform growth of autumn shoots; from December to January of the following year, winter garden cleaning is carried out, dead branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, hidden branches, overlapping branches are pruned, weeds and fallen leaves are removed, and the insect source base is reduced; from October to December, the growth of winter shoots of fruit trees is controlled.

[0005] Technology application b: Light trapping and insect killing technology, every 2.67~3.33hm 2 A solar insect-killing lamp is installed in the litchi orchard. It automatically turns on the light at night from April to November to trap pests, reduce pest density, and ensure litchi yield and quality.

[0006] Technical application c: Color trapping and insecticide technology, hanging yellow boards (25×40cm) 300-400 pieces / hm2 in the orchard 2 It can effectively kill pests such as whiteflies and tobacco whiteflies, ensure the healthy growth of fruit trees, and improve the quality of fruits.

[0007] Technology application d: Biological pesticide control. Use biological pesticides such as diflubenzuron and kasugamycin to control litchi diseases and insect pests in the early stages of the disease and pest outbreak, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and ensure the sustainable development of the litchi industry.

[0008] Technical application e: "One spray, three savings" technology for increasing efficiency and reducing the amount of pesticides used. "One spray, three savings" synergistic adjuvant (Qigong) is a new type of agricultural adjuvant that has the advantages of reducing the amount of pesticides used, improving the utilization rate of pesticides, and reducing pesticide residues. When spraying, high-efficiency agricultural spray adjuvants are added to achieve the purpose of saving pesticides, labor, water, and increasing efficiency through the extraordinary expansion, adhesion, and penetration properties of the adjuvant.

[0009] Technology application f: Accurate monitoring and reporting technology, establish fixed observation points, regularly monitor the dynamics of various diseases and pests throughout the growth period of litchi, timely release disease and pest information, guide planting operators to scientifically prevent and control and accurately apply pesticides, effectively reduce the occurrence and losses of diseases and pests, and improve litchi yield and quality. Summary of the invention

[0010] The model of the present invention is: "Fitness cultivation (cleaning orchards, fertilizer replacement) + light attraction (solar insecticidal lamp) + color attraction (ecological sticky yellow board) + biological control (diflubenzuron, kasugamycin) + "one spray three savings" synergistic auxiliary agent (miraculous work) + precise measurement and reporting technology"

[0011] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an integrated green control technology for litchi diseases and insect pests, improve the control effect of litchi diseases and insect pests, and reduce the loss of litchi caused by litchi diseases and insect pests. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the operation flow of the integrated technology for green prevention and control of litchi diseases and insect pests. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] A green integrated method for controlling litchi pests and diseases, characterized by comprising the following implementation steps:

[0014] Step a: From mid-April to early November every year, solar insecticidal lamps (light lure) + yellow boards (color lure) are used to lure and kill pests.

[0015] Step b: In late June every year, fertilize after pruning, every 667m 2 Use 40kg of 42% controlled-release fertilizer + 30kg of 12% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + 18kg of 60% potassium chloride + 50kg of biological organic fertilizer to apply deep fertilizer in trenches to promote the germination of young shoots after fruit picking.

[0016] Step c: Every year in late July, every 667m 2 Use 40ml of 10% highly effective chlorfenapyr + 16g of 20% acetamiprid diluted with 60-75kg of water and spray once to control litchi stink bugs and scale insects.

[0017] Step d: Every early August, every 667m 2 Use 48ml of 4.5% highly effective chlorpyrifos + 64m of 48% chlorpyrifos diluted with 60-75kg of water and spray once to prevent and control stink bugs and loopers.

[0018] Step e: Every mid-October, every 667m 2 Use 40% ethoprop 48ml + 15% paclobutrazol 66g diluted with 60-75kg of water and spray once to kill young shoots and control old shoots.

[0019] Step f: Every year in early November, every 667m 2Use 80g of 5% dithiothiazolinone diluted with 60-75kg of water and spray once to control the emergence of young shoots.

[0020] Step g: In late December every year, clean the orchard to remove insect eggs and pathogens.

[0021] Step h: Every year in late February, every 667m 2 Use 40ml of 10% highly effective chlorfenapyr + 48ml of 1.8% avermectin diluted with 60-75kg of water and spray once to control stink bugs and gall mites, and effectively protect litchi flowers.

[0022] Step i: Every mid-March, every 667m 2 Use 40ml of 10% highly effective chlorfenapyr + 52g of 5% dichlorvos to mix with 60-75kg of water and spray once to prevent and control stink bugs, effectively protect litchi flowers, and delay flowering.

[0023] Step j: Every mid-April, every 667m 2 Use 40ml of 10% highly effective chlorfenapyr + 6.4g of 8% sodium 4-chlorophenoxyacetate diluted with 60-75kg of water and spray once to prevent and control stink bugs and effectively protect young fruits.

[0024] Step K: Every year in late April, every 667m 2 Use 40ml of 10% highly effective chlorfenapyr + 64ml of 20% diflubenzuron diluted with 60-75kg of water and spray once to control stink bugs and stem borers, and effectively protect young fruits.

[0025] Step 1: In mid-May each year, apply fertilizer every 667m 2 Use 60kg of 42% controlled-release fertilizer + 27kg of 12% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + 22kg of 60% potassium chloride and apply deep in trenches.

[0026] Step m: Every year in late May, every 667m 2 Use 10% highly effective chlorfenapyr 40ml + 20% diflubenzuron 64ml + 29% mesotrione 160ml + 72.2% propanone 70g + 2% kasugamycin 100ml diluted with 60-75kg of water and spray once to prevent and control stink bugs, stem borers and downy mildew, and effectively protect the fruit.

[0027] Step n: Every early June, every 667m 2 Use 10% highly effective chlorfenapyr 40ml + 20% diflubenzuron 64ml + 48% chlorpyrifos 64ml + 60% acyclovir·manibine 50ml + 2% kasugamycin 100ml diluted with 60-75kg of water and spray once to control stink bugs, stem borers and downy mildew, and effectively protect the fruit.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated method for green prevention and control of litchi pests and diseases, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The present invention integrates litchi fitness cultivation technology, light-induced insecticide technology, color-induced insecticide technology, biological pesticide control technology, "one spray, three savings" efficiency-enhancing and dosage-reducing pesticide application technology, and precise monitoring and reporting technology. It is a comprehensive application of modern plant protection and control technology, including agricultural control, biological control, physical control, ecological control, and scientific use of drugs, which maximizes the characteristics of ecological and environmental protection and reduces the use of chemical pesticides on litchi.

[0030] 2. The present invention uses model management to facilitate promotion and application. As shown in Table 1, using the model of "fitness cultivation (cleaning orchards, fertilizer substitution) + light attraction (solar insecticidal lamp) + color attraction (ecological sticky yellow board) + biological control (diflubenzuron, kasugamycin) + "one spray three savings" synergistic adjuvant (miraculous work) + precise measurement and reporting technology", litchi planting operators can achieve better results by following process management.

[0031] Table 1 Integrated technology model for green control of litchi pests and diseases in Pubei County

[0032]

[0033] Table 1 reflects the detailed implementation methods of integrated green control technology for litchi pests and diseases in Pubei County.

Claims

1. A green integrated method for litchi pest control, comprising the following steps: Step a: From mid-April to early November each year, use solar insecticidal lamps (light lure) + yellow boards (color lure) to lure and kill insects. Step b: In late June each year, fertilize after pruning. Use 40kg of 42% controlled-release fertilizer + 30kg of 12% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + 18kg of 60% potassium chloride + 50kg of biological organic fertilizer per 667m2 to promote the germination of tender shoots after picking. Step c: In late July each year, apply 40kg of 42% controlled-release fertilizer + 30kg of 12% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + 18kg of 60% potassium chloride + 50kg of biological organic fertilizer per 667m2 to promote the germination of tender shoots after picking. 2 Use 10% highly effective cyhalothrin 40ml + 20% acetamiprid 16g diluted with 60-75kg water to spray once to control litchi stink bugs and scale insects. Step d: In early August every year, spray every 667m 2 Use 4.5% highly effective cypermethrin 48ml + 48% chlorpyrifos 64m water 60-75kg spray once to control stink bugs and loopers. Step e: In mid-October each year, spray every 667m 2 Use 40% ethoxylated 48ml + 15% paclobutrazol 66g diluted with 60-75kg water and spray once to kill tender shoots and control old shoots. Step f: In early November every year, spray every 667m 2 Use 5% dithiazolin 80g diluted with 60-75kg of water to spray once to control the growth of tender shoots. Step g: In late December every year, clean the orchard to remove insect eggs and pathogens. Step h: In late February every year, spray every 667m 2 Use 10% highly effective cyhalothrin 40ml + 1.8% avermectin 48ml diluted with 60-75kg of water to spray once to prevent stink bugs and gall mites, effectively protecting litchi flowers. Step i: In mid-March each year, spray every 667m 2 Use 10% highly effective cyhalothrin 40ml + 5% dichlorvos 52g diluted with 60-75kg of water to spray once to prevent stink bugs, effectively protect litchi flowers and delay flowering. Step j: In mid-April each year, spray every 667m 2 Use 10% highly effective cyhalothrin 40ml + 8% sodium chlorphenoxyacetate 6.4g diluted with 60-75kg of water and spray once to prevent stink bugs and effectively protect young fruits. Step k: In late April every year, spray every 667m 2 Use 10% high-efficiency cyhalothrin 40ml + 20% diflubenzuron 64ml water 60-75kg spray once to prevent stink bugs and borers, effectively protecting young fruits. Step 1: In mid-May each year, fertilize every 667m 2 Use 60kg of 42% controlled-release fertilizer + 27kg of 12% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + 22kg of 60% potassium chloride to apply deep fertilizer in trenches. Step m: In late May every year, apply every 667m 2 Use 10% highly effective cyhalothrin 40ml + 20% diflubenzuron 64ml + 29% dimethoate 160ml + 72.2% propanol 70g + 2% kasugamycin 100ml water 60-75kg spray once to prevent stink bugs, stem borers and downy mildew, effectively protecting the fruit. Step n: In early June every year, spray every 667m 2 Use 10% highly effective chlorfenapyr 40ml + 20% diflubenzuron 64ml + 48% chlorpyrifos 64ml + 60% azomethasone·mancozeb 50ml + 2% kasugamycin 100ml diluted with 60-75kg of water and spray once to control stink bugs, stem borers and downy mildew, and effectively protect the fruit.

2. The green integrated method for controlling litchi pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combination of solar insecticidal lamps and yellow boards, two physical control technologies, can kill a large number of litchi pests and effectively reduce the occurrence of litchi pests.

3. The green integrated method for controlling litchi pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: Litchi fitness cultivation improves the insect and disease resistance of litchi. First, the proper fertilizer application to litchi trees promotes the vigorous growth of litchi trees, and the litchi trees' resistance to diseases and insects is naturally enhanced; second, proper pruning and garden cleaning can also reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests; third, the proper use of regulators can promote the accumulation of nutrients in litchi trees, achieving the purpose of controlling shoots, promoting flowering, and protecting flowers and fruits.

4. The green integrated method for controlling litchi pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the critical growth period of litchi, chemical pesticides should be used rationally to control litchi diseases and pests to ensure high and stable yields of litchi.

5. The green integrated control method for litchi pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The standardization of litchi production is conducive to the promotion and application of integrated technology and is convenient for use by litchi growers and operators.

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