Color-improving high-fat compound feed for fancy carp and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides color-improving high-fat compound feed for fancy carps and a preparation method of the color-improving high-fat compound feed. The color-improving high-fat compound feed for the fancy carp is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-20% of fish meal, 10-30% of soybean meal, 10-22% of rapeseed meal, 10-20% of peanut meal, 5-8% of fermented cottonseed meal, 1-5% of wheat flour, 5-13% of corn starch, 1-6% of cellulose, 4-5.5% of peanut oil, 4-5.5% of palm oil, 0.03% of capsorubin, 2-4% of green algae, 0.6-2% of shrimp bran powder, 0.02-0.1% of xanthophyll and the balance of water. The compound feed is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 1% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% of vitamin A reinforced refined fish compound premix, 0.05-0.1% of walnut green seedcase powder, 0.015-0.1% of rhus chinensis extract and 0.02-0.1% of icariin. On the basis of meeting the nutritional requirements of the fancy carp, the fancy carp compound feed disclosed by the invention improves the fat level of the feed, and plays the roles of saving protein, reducing the feed cost and improving the coloring effect of fat-soluble carotenoids on the fancy carp in the form of high-fat feed. In addition, fat deposition of the fancy carp is regulated and controlled by adding the rhus chinensis extract, and the problems that the abdominal fat rate of the fancy carp is increased, the body is abnormal and the ornamental value is reduced when the fancy carp is fed with high-fat feed are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of feed, and more specifically to a koi color-enhancing high-fat compound feed and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Koi belongs to the class Osteichthyes, order Cypriniformes, family Cyprinidae, genus Cyprinus. Known as the "living gem in the water" and the "king of ornamental fish", Koi is one of the most ornamental fish in the world. It attracts many fans with its attractive colors, patterns, shapes and swimming postures. It is reported that viewing Koi can bring a sense of peace to people. Koi originally originated in China, and was later brought to Japan and developed into modern Koi after breeding and hybridization. Koi was called "color carp" and "flower carp" in the early stage of development, and was finally changed to "koi". Koi are mainly distributed in China, Russia, Europe, North Korea and Japan, among which Japan has the largest output. In 1983, Su E introduced Japanese Koi to China and established a breeding farm, marking the beginning of modern Koi breeding in China. After years of development, Koi have appeared in flower and bird markets across the country. At present, koi farming in my country has begun to take shape, and is being farmed in coastal areas such as Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Shanghai, as well as in inland areas such as Sichuan, Yunnan, and Anhui. Market demand is also increasing, and the current output value has exceeded 10 billion yuan.

[0003] For koi, body color is one of the important determinants of selling price. Therefore, how to improve the coloring effect of koi at low cost is one of the research focuses. The body color of fish is mainly determined by carotenoids. They cannot synthesize carotenoids by themselves, so carotenoids must be added to the feed to achieve a color enhancement effect. Carotenoids are a class of fat-soluble pigments. Fat can improve the solubility and stability of carotenoids, thereby promoting the absorption of carotenoids by fish. At present, astaxanthin is recognized as the most effective color enhancer in ornamental fish feed. However, astaxanthin is expensive and its digestion and utilization rate by fish is low, which is not conducive to the development of low-efficiency and high-efficiency color enhancement feed. It is worth noting that astaxanthin is the end substance of all carotenoid synthesis. Most freshwater fish such as koi have the ability to convert carotenoids such as lutein and capsanthin into astaxanthin. A large number of studies have shown that increasing the fat level in feed can increase the absorption and utilization rate of carotenoids such as astaxanthin, lutein, spirulina, and capsanthin by fish. Although increasing the fat level in feed can bring into play the protein-saving effect of fat and improve the absorption and utilization of cheap fat-soluble pigments in feed by koi, high-fat feed can also lead to increased fat deposition in fish, increased liver-to-body ratio and abdominal fat rate, and external manifestations such as bulging abdomen, which seriously affects the appearance of koi. Currently, in the field of aquaculture, there is no compound feed that can efficiently use fat-soluble pigments to color artificially cultivated koi without affecting the appearance of koi. Summary of the invention

[0004] In response to this problem, the present invention adds Rhus chinensis extract to regulate koi fat deposition, thereby avoiding excessive abdominal fat deposition in koi under a high-fat diet, which leads to a decrease in body aesthetics after bulging. In response to the high cost of existing color-enhancing feeds and the low utilization rate of carotenoids, the main coloring substance of ornamental fish, the present invention provides a koi compound feed that improves the coloring effect of fat-soluble pigments and a production method thereof.

[0005] The present invention provides a koi compound feed, which is prepared by the following raw materials according to weight percentage: 10-20% of fish meal, 10-30% of soybean meal, 10-22% of rapeseed meal, 10-20% of peanut meal, 5-8% of fermented cottonseed meal, 1-5% of wheat flour, 5-13% of corn starch, 1-6% of cellulose, 4-5.5% of peanut oil, 4-5.5% of palm oil, 0.03% of capsanthin, 2-4% of green algae, 0.6-2% of shrimp bran powder, 0.02-0.1% of lutein, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 1% of vitamin A-fortified intensive fish farming composite premix, 0.05-0.1% of walnut green peel powder, 0.015-0.1% of Rhus chinensis extract (purchased from Xi'an An'ao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and 0.02-0.1% of icariin.

[0006] In some embodiments, the weight percentage of each raw material is: fish meal 15%, soybean meal 30%, rapeseed meal 15%, peanut meal 10%, fermented cottonseed meal 2%, wheat flour 3%, corn starch 7%, cellulose 2%, peanut oil 5%, palm oil 5%, capsanthin 0.03%, green algae 2%, shrimp bran powder 1.6%, lutein 0.1%, monocalcium phosphate 1%, vitamin A fortified intensive fish premix 1%, walnut peel powder 0.1%, Rhus chinensis extract 0.1%, and icariin 0.07%.

[0007] The present disclosure also provides a method for preparing a koi compound feed, comprising the following steps:

[0008] 1) Weigh the following raw materials according to the weight percentage requirements and set aside:

[0009] Fish meal 10-20%, soybean meal 10-30%, rapeseed meal 10-22%, peanut meal 10-20%, fermented cottonseed meal 5-8%, wheat flour 1-5%, corn starch 5-13%, cellulose 1-6%, peanut oil 4-5.5%, palm oil 4-5.5%, capsanthin 0.03%, green algae 2-4%, shrimp bran powder 0.6-2%, lutein 0.02-0.1%, monocalcium phosphate 1%, vitamin A fortified intensive fish premix 1%, walnut peel powder 0.05-0.1%, Rhus chinensis extract 0.015-0.1%, icariin 0.02-0.1%;

[0010] 2) Grind soybean meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, fermented cottonseed meal and monocalcium phosphate respectively and pass through an 80-mesh sieve, and put the sieved raw materials into a mixer according to the principle of step-by-step premixing;

[0011] 3) putting fish meal, wheat flour, corn starch, cellulose and vitamin A fortified intensive fish farming composite premix into a mixer according to the principle of step-by-step premixing and mixing;

[0012] 4) putting walnut peel powder, icariin, capsanthin, green algae, shrimp bran powder, lutein and Rhus chinensis extract into a mixer according to the principle of premixing step by step and mixing evenly;

[0013] 5) putting the mixture obtained in step 2), step 3) and step 4) into a barrel and mixing it with a mixer, pouring peanut oil and palm oil mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 into the barrel, and mixing again;

[0014] 6) Add water to the mixture obtained in step 5), the amount of water being 8-10% of the total weight of the mixture in step 5), and stir evenly while adding water.

[0015] 7) pouring the mixture obtained in step 6) into a pelletizer to prepare feed pellets with a particle size of 1-2 mm;

[0016] 8) Use a dryer to dehydrate and dry the feed to obtain koi compound feed.

[0017] In some embodiments, in step 2), the raw material is passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and the material on the sieve does not exceed 10%.

[0018] In some embodiments, peanut oil and palm oil are used as feed oil sources and are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 before use;

[0019] In some embodiments, in step 8), the drying temperature is 30-40° C. and the drying time is 20-30 min.

[0020] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the formula disclosed in the present invention has been compared with the formula and nutritional components of the commercially available Koi Colored Formula Feed, and it is proved that the feed has the following advantages: (i) This formula is formed by comprehensively and systematically optimizing the nutritional needs of Koi on the basis of the existing nutritional needs of ordinary carp, and its raw material combination is nutritionally balanced, with a broad experimental basis and scientific basis; (ii) The amount of crude protein (mainly from fish meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, fermented cottonseed meal) and fish meal is 3-5% and 5-8% lower than that of the commercially available high-end Koi Colored Formula Feed, so the production cost is relatively low; (iii) The fat content (mainly from peanut oil and palm oil) is high, and fat not only has the effect of saving protein, promoting growth and reducing feed coefficient, but also can improve the absorption and utilization rate of fat-soluble pigments by Koi; (iv) A proper amount of fat deposition regulator is added to avoid the problem of decreased aesthetic appearance of Koi caused by excessive fat deposition; (v) A proper amount of gonad development regulator is added to promote the maturation of Koi gonads and present "marriage color".

[0021] The disclosed formula has been tested in outdoor cage culture experiments and in indoor physiological and biochemical index analysis and determination, and it has been proved that the compound feed has the following advantages: (i) significantly reducing the feed coefficient of koi and improving the protein efficiency ratio, thereby reducing the culture cost; (ii) significantly improving the growth rate of koi and shortening the culture cycle; (iii) improving the retention rate of koi for nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the feed, reducing the amount of residual bait and alleviating water pollution; (iv) increasing the total carotenoid content and hematin a* value on the body surface of koi; and (v) reducing the fat content of the fish body, avoiding the deterioration of the body aesthetics caused by excessive deposition of fat in the muscles and abdomen.

[0022] The protein source, sugar source and fat source used in the disclosed formula are all conventional feed raw materials in my country, which are convenient for purchase. In addition, all feed additives in the formula (including icariin, which promotes the gonadal development of fish, and the color of sexually mature koi will be brighter) are in line with the "Feed Additive Variety Catalog (2013)" of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. At present, the compound feed has completed the verification of the breeding effect under experimental conditions, and has completed pilot tests in some ornamental fish breeding bases in Anhui and Jiangsu. The test results show that the feed can reduce the cost of feed production and ornamental fish breeding costs to a certain extent, improve the growth rate and coloring effect of ornamental fish, and ultimately improve its breeding benefits.

[0023] In the present disclosure, icariin can promote gonadal maturation, walnut peel powder is used for anti-oxidation and to increase the yellowness of koi's body color (currently commonly used as an alternative to antibiotics, the effect in the present disclosure is different from the existing effect), and Rhus chinensis extract helps regulate lipid metabolism and prevent abdominal fat accumulation caused by high-fat diets that make the body ugly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following embodiments may enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present disclosure, but do not limit the present disclosure in any way.

[0025] The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments can all be obtained from commercial sources.

[0026] The present application provides a koi compound feed for improving the coloring effect of fat-soluble pigments, comprising: 10-20% fish meal, 10-30% soybean meal, 10-22% rapeseed meal, 10-20% peanut meal, 5-8% fermented cottonseed meal, 1-5% wheat flour, 5-13% corn starch, 1-6% cellulose, 4-5.5% peanut oil, 4-5.5% palm oil, 0.03% capsanthin, 2-4% green algae, 0.6-2% shrimp bran powder, 0.02-0.1% lutein (derived from marigold), 1% monocalcium phosphate, 1% vitamin A fortified intensive fish composite premix, 0.05-0.1% walnut green peel powder, 0.015-0.1% Rhus chinensis extract, and 0.02-0.1% icariin.

[0027] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned compound feed contains the following nutrients and levels: crude protein 33-43%, crude fat 8-11%, digestible sugar 26-30%, total energy 18-21MJ / kg, egg energy ratio 18-21g / MJ, sugar-to-lipid ratio 4-6.

[0028] As the preferred raw materials in the feed disclosed in the present invention, the weight percentages of the raw materials are: 15% fish meal, 30% soybean meal, 15% rapeseed meal, 10% peanut meal, 2% fermented cottonseed meal, 3% wheat flour, 7% corn starch, 2% cellulose, 5% peanut oil, 5% palm oil, 0.03% capsanthin, 2% green algae, 1.6% shrimp bran powder, 0.1% lutein, 1% monocalcium phosphate, 1% vitamin A fortified intensive fish composite premix, 0.1% walnut green peel powder, 0.1% Rhus chinensis extract, and 0.07% icariin, and the above percentages are all mass percentages.

[0029] The present invention is based on the study of the interactive relationship between feed fat level and fat-soluble pigment absorption, and aims at the characteristic that fat-soluble pigments are more easily absorbed and utilized by aquatic animals in high-fat feed. The fat level in koi feed is reasonably increased, and a certain dose of fat deposition regulator is added on this basis. Thus, the purpose of improving the coloring effect of carotenoids on koi is achieved without affecting the aesthetics of the body while taking advantage of the advantages of high-fat feed in reducing feed production costs, increasing growth rate, and reducing feed coefficient.

[0030] Specifically, it reduces feed costs: because fat raw materials are cheaper than protein raw materials. When fish use energy, they first use protein decomposition for energy, and then use fat. When there is fat in the feed, it can increase the digestible energy content of the feed, thereby reducing the amount of protein consumed as energy, so that it can be better synthesized into body protein. This is the protein-saving effect of fat. Reduce the feed coefficient: fat has a high energy content. If the same pound of feed is eaten, a pound of low-calorie feed and a pound of high-calorie feed will definitely grow more meat in the latter. The former may grow half a pound after eating one pound, and the latter may grow eight taels after eating one pound, which reduces the feed coefficient.

[0031] The present disclosure also provides a method for preparing a koi compound feed for improving the coloring effect of a fat-soluble pigment, the method comprising the following steps:

[0032] 1) Weigh each raw material according to the weight percentage requirement and set aside;

[0033] 2) Grind soybean meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, fermented cottonseed meal and monocalcium phosphate respectively and pass through an 80-mesh sieve, and put the sieved raw materials into a mixer according to the principle of step-by-step premixing;

[0034] 3) putting fish meal, wheat flour, corn starch, cellulose and vitamin A-fortified intensive fish composite premix (on the basis of conventional intensive fish composite premix, vitamin A is additionally added, containing 1,200,000 IU vitamin A per kilogram) into a mixer according to the principle of step-by-step premixing;

[0035] 4) putting walnut peel powder, icariin, capsanthin, green algae, shrimp bran powder, lutein and Rhus chinensis extract into a mixer according to the principle of premixing step by step and mixing evenly;

[0036] 5) putting the mixture obtained in step 2), step 3) and step 4) into a bucket and mixing it with a mixer, pouring peanut oil and palm oil mixed in a ratio of 1:1 into the bucket and mixing again;

[0037] 6) Add ultrapure water to the mixture obtained in step 5), the amount of water being 8-10% of the total weight of the mixture in step 5), and stir evenly while adding water.

[0038] 7) pouring the mixture obtained in step 6) into a pelletizer to prepare feed pellets with a particle size of 1-2 mm;

[0039] 8) Dehydrating and drying the feed using a dryer to obtain a koi compound feed with improved fat-soluble pigment coloring effect.

[0040] In step 2), the raw materials need to pass through an 80-mesh sieve, and the sieve material should not exceed 10%.

[0041] In step 5), peanut oil and palm oil are used as feed oil sources and are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 before use;

[0042] In step 8), the drying temperature is 30-40° C. (if the drying temperature is higher than this, some heat-sensitive vitamins and amino acids may be inactivated, affecting the feed effect), and the drying time is 20-30 minutes.

[0043] The following description is given in conjunction with specific embodiments to provide a better understanding of the present disclosure.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] The preferred weight percentage of each raw material in the koi compound feed for improving the coloring effect of fat-soluble pigments provided by the present disclosure is taken as follows (total amount is 100kg): fish meal 15%, soybean meal 30%, rapeseed meal 15%, peanut meal 10%, fermented cotton meal 2%, wheat flour 3%, corn starch 7%, cellulose 2%, peanut oil 5%, palm oil 5%, capsanthin 0.03%, green algae 2%, shrimp bran powder 1.6%, lutein 0.1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, vitamin A fortified intensive fish composite premix 1%, walnut green peel powder 0.1%, Rhus chinensis extract 0.1%, icariin 0.07%. Its nutritional composition is as follows: crude protein 38%, crude fat 11%, digestible sugar 28%, total energy 19.9MJ / kg, egg energy ratio 18.4g / MJ, sugar-lipid ratio 5, crude ash 9%, crude fiber 11%.

[0046] The method for preparing a koi compound feed formula for improving the coloring effect of a fat-soluble pigment provided by the present disclosure is carried out by the following steps:

[0047] A. Weigh the above-mentioned various feed raw materials according to the weight percentage of each raw material in the formula of koi compound feed for improving the coloring effect of fat-soluble pigments;

[0048] B. Crush the soybean meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, fermented cottonseed meal, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and other raw materials separately. The particle size requirement of the crushing is that all the feed raw materials pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and the weight percentage of the material on an 80-mesh sieve is not more than 10%. Then put them into a mixer for stirring and mixing;

[0049] C. Preliminarily premixing the fish meal, wheat flour, corn starch, cellulose, and vitamin A fortified intensive fish farming composite premix, and then placing it in a mixer and continuing to stir and mix it with the materials mixed in step B;

[0050] D. After fully mixing capsanthin, green algae, shrimp powder, lutein, walnut peel powder, Rhus chinensis extract, and icariin according to the principle of step-by-step premixing, continue to stir and mix with the materials mixed in step C, and after fully mixing, add the peanut oil and palm oil mixed in a ratio of 1:1;

[0051] E. Add a certain amount of water, the amount of water is 8-10% of the total weight of all feed raw materials in step A, and continue to stir and mix to obtain a mixture;

[0052] F. Processing the mixture in step E into feed pellets with a particle size of 1-2 mm by a pelletizer;

[0053] G. Dehydrate, cool and dry the feed pellets obtained in step F with a drying machine at a temperature of 30-40°C for 20-30 minutes to ensure that the moisture content of the feed pellets is within 10%. Thus, the koi compound feed for improving the coloring effect of fat-soluble pigments has been prepared. The above moisture content is in mass percentage, based on the air-dried sample.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] A. Take 1.5 kg of fish meal, 3 kg of soybean meal, 1.5 kg of rapeseed meal, 1 kg of peanut meal, 0.2 kg of fermented cottonseed meal, 0.3 kg of wheat flour, 0.7 kg of corn starch, 0.2 kg of cellulose, 0.5 kg of peanut oil, 0.5 kg of palm oil, 0.003 kg of capsanthin, 0.2 kg of green algae, 0.16 kg of shrimp powder, 0.01 kg of lutein, and 0.1 kg of monocalcium phosphate. g, vitamin A fortified intensive fish premix 0.1 kg, walnut green peel powder 0.01 kg, Rhus chinensis extract 0.01 kg, icariin 0.007 kg; its nutritional composition is as follows: water 10%, crude protein 38%, crude fat 11%, digestible sugar 28%, total energy 19.9MJ / kg, egg energy ratio 18.4g / MJ, sugar-lipid ratio 5, crude ash 9%, crude fiber 11%;

[0056] B. Crush the soybean meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, fermented cottonseed meal, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and other raw materials separately. The particle size requirement of the crushing is that all the feed raw materials pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and the weight percentage of the material on an 80-mesh sieve is not more than 10%. Then put them into a mixer for stirring and mixing;

[0057] C. Preliminarily premixing the fish meal, wheat flour, corn starch, cellulose, and vitamin A fortified intensive fish farming composite premix, and then placing it in a mixer and continuing to stir and mix it with the materials mixed in step B;

[0058] D. After fully mixing capsanthin, green algae, shrimp powder, lutein, walnut peel powder, Rhus chinensis extract, and icariin according to the principle of step-by-step premixing, continue to stir and mix with the materials mixed in step C, and after fully mixing, add the peanut oil and palm oil mixed in a ratio of 1:1;

[0059] E. Add a certain amount of water, the amount of water is 8-10% of the total weight of all feed raw materials in step A, and continue to stir and mix to obtain a mixture;

[0060] F. Processing the mixture in step E into feed pellets with a particle size of 1-2 mm by a pelletizer;

[0061] G. Dehydrate, cool and dry the feed pellets obtained in step F with a drying machine at a temperature of 30-40°C for 20-30 minutes to ensure that the moisture content of the feed pellets is within 10%. Thus, the koi compound feed for improving the coloring effect of fat-soluble pigments has been prepared. The above moisture content is in mass percentage, based on the air-dried sample.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] The invention is basically the same as Example 1, except that the raw material formula is different. The weight percentages of the raw materials are: 10% fish meal, 35% soybean meal, 10% rapeseed meal, 15% peanut meal, 2% fermented cottonseed meal, 3% wheat flour, 7% corn starch, 2% cellulose, 5% peanut oil, 5% palm oil, 0.05% capsanthin, 2% green algae, 1.6% shrimp bran powder, 0.1% lutein, 1% monocalcium phosphate, 1% vitamin A fortified intensive fish farming composite premix, 0.1% walnut green peel powder, 0.1% Rhus chinensis extract, and 0.05% icariin.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] The invention is basically the same as Example 1, except that the raw material formula is different. The weight percentages of the raw materials are: 20% fish meal, 25% soybean meal, 5% rapeseed meal, 20% peanut meal, 2% fermented cottonseed meal, 3% wheat flour, 7% corn starch, 2% cellulose, 5% peanut oil, 5% palm oil, 0.03% capsanthin, 1.6% green algae, 2% shrimp bran powder, 0.1% lutein, 1% monocalcium phosphate, 1% vitamin A fortified intensive fish farming composite premix, 0.1% walnut green peel powder, 0.1% Rhus chinensis extract, and 0.07% icariin.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] The invention is basically the same as Example 1, except that the raw material formula is different. The weight percentages of the raw materials are: 5% fish meal, 30% soybean meal, 5% rapeseed meal, 30% peanut meal, 1.8% fermented cottonseed meal, 3% wheat flour, 7% corn starch, 2% cellulose, 5% peanut oil, 5% palm oil, 0.03% capsanthin, 1.6% green algae, 2% shrimp bran powder, 0.1% lutein, 1% monocalcium phosphate, 1% vitamin A fortified intensive fish farming composite premix, 0.1% walnut green peel powder, 0.3% Rhus chinensis extract, and 0.07% icariin.

[0068] Example 6

[0069] The invention is basically the same as Example 1, except that the raw material formula is different. The weight percentages of the raw materials are: 5% fish meal, 30% soybean meal, 5% rapeseed meal, 15% peanut meal, 17% fermented cottonseed meal, 3% wheat flour, 7% corn starch, 2% cellulose, 5% peanut oil, 5% palm oil, 0.03% capsanthin, 1.6% green algae, 2% shrimp bran powder, 0.1% lutein, 1% monocalcium phosphate, 1% vitamin A fortified intensive fish farming composite premix, 0.1% walnut green peel powder, 0.1% Rhus chinensis extract, and 0.07% icariin.

[0070] 1. Outdoor breeding test and breeding results analysis:

[0071] The outdoor breeding test was carried out in an open recirculating water breeding system (specification: circular with a radius of 5m) of Quanzhou Aquaculture Co., Ltd. in Fuyang City, Anhui Province, and the test koi were also taken from the company. After temporary breeding, 192 koi (initial weight: 7.85±0.21g) with good nutritional status, strong physique and neat specifications were randomly divided into 12 cages (specification: 2.0m×1.0m×1.0m), 16 in each cage. The breeding test includes two groups: a test group and a control group, with 6 repetitions in each group. Among them, the test group was fed with a koi compound feed prepared in Example 1 to improve the coloring effect of fat-soluble pigments, and the control group was fed with a commercially available koi color feed (Tongwei koi special color enhancement and body enhancement feed). The test lasted for 10 weeks. During the test, the feeding situation of the koi in the cage was observed and recorded, and samples were collected after the breeding test for the next step of analysis and determination. Specific grouping information and test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 shows the grouping of the compound feed prepared in Example 1 in the koi culture test, and Table 2 shows the growth performance of the compound feed prepared in Example 1 in the koi culture test.

[0072] Table 1

[0073]

[0074] Table 2

[0075] index Control group Experimental Group Survival rate (%) 100±0 100±0 Weight gain rate (%) <![CDATA[654±60 b ]]> <![CDATA[881±83 a ]]> Feed coefficient <![CDATA[1.57±0.02 a ]]> <![CDATA[1.41±0.04 b <!-- 6 -->]]> Protein efficiency ratio <![CDATA[2.27±0.07 b ]]> <![CDATA[2.51±0.06 a ]]> Nitrogen retention rate (%) <![CDATA[34.3±1.3 b ]]> <![CDATA[38.9±0.9 a ]]> Phosphorus retention rate (%) <![CDATA[27.1±0.1 b ]]> <![CDATA[35.5±0.5 a ]]> Liver to body ratio (%) 1.57±0.10 1.65±0.15 Abdominal fat percentage (%) 4.02±0.20 4.21±0.24 Fatness(%) 2.71±0.01 2.85±0.15

[0076] After 10 weeks of cage culture, the growth performance results of koi are shown in Table 2. All data are presented in the form of mean ± standard error. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0077] Survival rate (%) = number of surviving koi × 100% / number of stocked koi

[0078] Weight gain rate (%) = (final weight - initial weight) × 100% / initial weight

[0079] Feed coefficient = food intake / (final body weight-initial body weight)

[0080] Protein efficiency ratio = (final body weight - initial body weight) / (feed intake × feed crude protein content)

[0081] Nitrogen / phosphorus retention rate (%) = [(final body weight × fish nutrient content - initial body weight × fish nutrient content)] × 100% / (feed intake × feed nutrient content)

[0082] Liver to body ratio (%) = liver weight / final body weight

[0083] Abdominal fat percentage (%) = abdominal fat weight / final body weight

[0084] Fatness = final body weight × 100% / body length (cm) 3

[0085] As shown in Table 2, the weight gain rate, protein efficiency ratio, and nitrogen and phosphorus retention rate of the test group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), except that the feed coefficient showed an opposite trend (P<0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in abdominal fat rate and fatness between the two groups (P>0.05). This shows that after using the koi compound feed for improving the coloring effect of fat-soluble pigments made by Example 1, the growth rate, feed utilization rate, and nutrient retention rate of koi were significantly improved. At the same time, the koi in the test group did not have the problem of significant changes in abdominal fat rate and fatness due to increased feed fat levels. The above results show that compared with the commercially available koi color feed, the raw material selection and configuration ratio of the koi compound feed for improving the coloring effect of fat-soluble pigments in the present disclosure are more scientific, which can accelerate the growth rate of koi and reduce feed costs, and will not affect the body ornamental degree of koi.

[0086] 2. Indoor breeding test and result analysis:

[0087] The indoor breeding test was carried out in the fish-vegetable symbiotic breeding system of Quanzhou Aquaculture Co., Ltd. in Fuyang City, Anhui Province, and the experimental koi were also taken from the company. 360 koi (initial weight: 7.85±0.21g) with good nutritional status, strong physique and neat specifications were selected and randomly divided into 6 water tanks (specifications: 20m×2m), 60 in each tank. The experiment includes two groups: an experimental group and a control group, with 3 repetitions in each group. Among them, the experimental group was fed with the koi compound feed prepared in Example 2 to improve the coloring effect of fat-soluble pigments, and the control group was also fed with the commercially available koi color feed used in the outdoor breeding experiment. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. During the experiment, the feeding and growth of the fish were observed, and samples were collected after the breeding experiment for the next step of analysis and determination. The experimental grouping information is shown in Table 3, and the experimental results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. Table 3 shows the grouping of the compound feed prepared in Example 2 for the koi culture test, Table 4 shows the carotenoid deposition of the fish bodies in the koi culture test using the compound feed prepared in Example 2, and Table 5 shows the effects of the compound feed prepared in Example 2 on the brightness, redness and yellowness of the fish bodies in the koi culture test.

[0088] Table 3

[0089]

[0090] Table 4

[0091] index Control group Experimental Group Skin carotenoid content (mg / kg) <![CDATA[117.42±3.79 b ]]> <![CDATA[134.60±5.72 a ]]> Liver carotenoid content (mg / kg) 18.61±0.89 17.71±1.57 Serum carotenoid content (mg / kg) 16.18±0.22 17.17±0.45

[0092] Table 5

[0093] index Control group Experimental Group <![CDATA[L * Brightness]]> <![CDATA[61.91±2.81 b ]]> <![CDATA[67.88±2.54 a ]]> <![CDATA[a * Redness]]> <![CDATA[26.31±1.04 b ]]> <![CDATA[32.28±2.44 a ]]> <![CDATA[b * Yellowness]]> <![CDATA[20.62±2.36 b ]]> <![CDATA[27.30±3.12 a ]]>

[0094] As shown in Tables 4 and 5, the carotenoid content, brightness, redness and yellowness of the koi skin in the test group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), which shows that, compared with the commercially available koi coloring feed, the compound feed prepared by Example 2 can effectively increase the carotenoid deposition in the fish body and improve the coloring effect of the fish body. The above results show that, compared with the commercially available koi coloring feed, the koi compound feed for improving the coloring effect of fat-soluble pigments in the present disclosure increases the coloring effect of koi by increasing the fat content, optimizing the ratio of various carotenoids and adding gonadotropin-producing plant extracts (in accordance with the national feed additive catalogue), making the body color more colorful, and can improve the ornamental value and sales price of koi.

[0095] The disclosed koi formula feed for improving the coloring effect of fat-soluble pigments not only meets the nutritional needs of koi, but also improves the fat level of feed in the form of high-fat feed to play the role of saving protein, reducing feed costs and improving the coloring effect of fat-soluble carotenoids on koi. In addition, by adding Rhus chinensis extract to regulate koi fat deposition, the problem of increased abdominal fat rate, abnormal body shape and decreased ornamental value of koi under high-fat feed is avoided.

[0096] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments and that various changes, substitutions and alterations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A high-fat compound feed for koi carp, characterized in that: The invention is prepared by configuring the following raw materials according to weight percentage: 10-20% of fish meal, 10-30% of soybean meal, 10-22% of rapeseed meal, 10-20% of peanut meal, 5-8% of fermented cottonseed meal, 1-5% of wheat flour, 5-13% of corn starch, 1-6% of cellulose, 4-5.5% of peanut oil, 4-5.5% of palm oil, 0.03% of capsanthin, 2-4% of green algae, 0.6-2% of shrimp bran powder, 0.02-0.1% of lutein, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 1% of vitamin A-fortified intensive fish farming composite premix, 0.05-0.1% of walnut peel powder, 0.015-0.1% of Rhus chinensis extract and 0.02-0.1% of icariin.

2. The high-fat formula feed for koi carp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight percentages of the raw materials are as follows: 15% fish meal, 30% soybean meal, 15% rapeseed meal, 10% peanut meal, 2% fermented cottonseed meal, 3% wheat flour, 7% corn starch, 2% cellulose, 5% peanut oil, 5% palm oil, 0.03% capsanthin, 2% green algae, 1.6% shrimp bran powder, 0.1% lutein, 1% monocalcium phosphate, 1% vitamin A-fortified intensive fish farming composite premix, 0.1% walnut peel powder, 0.1% Rhus chinensis extract, and 0.07% icariin.

3. A method for preparing a high-fat compound feed for koi carp, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Weigh the following raw materials according to the weight percentage requirements and set aside: Fish meal 10-20%, soybean meal 10-30%, rapeseed meal 10-22%, peanut meal 10-20%, fermented cottonseed meal 5-8%, wheat flour 1-5%, corn starch 5-13%, cellulose 1-6%, peanut oil 4-5.5%, palm oil 4-5.5%, capsanthin 0.03%, green algae 2-4%, shrimp bran powder 0.6-2%, lutein 0.02-0.1%, monocalcium phosphate 1%, vitamin A fortified intensive fish premix 1%, walnut peel powder 0.05-0.1%, Rhus chinensis extract 0.015-0.1%, icariin 0.02-0.1%; 2) Grind soybean meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, fermented cottonseed meal and monocalcium phosphate respectively and pass through an 80-mesh sieve, and put the sieved raw materials into a mixer according to the principle of step-by-step premixing; 3) putting fish meal, wheat flour, corn starch, cellulose and vitamin A fortified intensive fish farming composite premix into a mixer according to the principle of step-by-step premixing and mixing; 4) putting walnut peel powder, icariin, capsanthin, green algae, shrimp bran powder, lutein and Rhus chinensis extract into a mixer according to the principle of premixing step by step and mixing evenly; 5) putting the mixture obtained in step 2), step 3) and step 4) into a barrel and mixing it with a mixer, pouring peanut oil and palm oil mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 into the barrel, and mixing again; 6) Add water to the mixture obtained in step 5), the amount of water being 8-10% of the total weight of the mixture in step 5), and stir evenly while adding water. 7) pouring the mixture obtained in step 6) into a pelletizer to prepare feed pellets with a particle size of 1-2 mm; 8) Use a dryer to dehydrate and dry the feed to obtain koi compound feed.

4. The method for preparing the high-fat compound feed for koi according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2), the raw material is passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and the sieve-surface material does not exceed 10%.

5. The method for preparing the high-fat compound feed for koi according to claim 3, characterized in that: Peanut oil and palm oil were used as feed oil sources and were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 before use.

6. The method for preparing the high-fat compound feed for koi according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 8), the drying temperature is 30-40° C. and the drying time is 20-30 min.

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