System and method for graded deconstruction, all-component local gasification, deoxidation and quality improvement of agricultural and forestry waste biomass
By performing hierarchical deconstruction and catalytic deoxidation treatment on agricultural and forestry waste biomass, the problems of high CO2 content and low hydrogen-rich synthesis gas production in biomass pyrolysis are solved, efficient resource utilization is achieved, and high-quality hydrogen-rich synthesis gas and deoxidation oil are prepared, reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411661380.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-07
AI Technical Summary
The existing biomass pyrolysis technology has problems such as excessive CO2 content in the pyrolysis gas, low yield of hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, and high oxygen content in the pyrolysis oil, resulting in poor quality of the pyrolysis oil and large energy consumption.
The system and method of local gasification deoxygenation and quality improvement of agricultural and forestry waste biomass is adopted to optimize the structure and pyrolysis process of biomass, and the yield and quality of hydrogen-rich synthesis gas and high-quality deoxygenation oil are improved through the process of impregnation and deconstruction of active substances.
It has achieved high yield and high quality of hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, high H2/CO ratio and low CO2 content, and has high combustion calorific value, low pollution and low carbon emission characteristics. At the same time, the high-quality deoxidation oil prepared has low oxygen content and low organic acids, which is suitable as raw materials for clean fuels or high-value chemicals, reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution.
Smart Images
Figure CN119570506A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of waste biomass treatment and resource utilization, and in particular to a system and method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass and partial gasification, deoxygenation and quality improvement of all components. Background Art
[0002] Agricultural and forestry waste biomass refers to waste generated in agricultural production and forestry activities, including crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, forestry waste, agricultural product processing by-products, etc. Agricultural and forestry waste biomass has a large output and occupies a lot of space, causing increasingly serious pollution to the environment. These wastes are important biomass resources. Therefore, further development of agricultural and forestry waste biomass pyrolysis technology is conducive to environmental protection and sustainable development of energy.
[0003] Biomass pyrolysis is a process of cracking and converting biomass under high temperature conditions with no air or a small amount of air. The main purpose is to convert biomass into usable products such as fuel gas, liquid oil and solid charcoal through thermochemical conversion. 2 Due to problems such as excessive content, low hydrogen-rich synthesis gas production, and excessive oxygen content in pyrolysis oil, the quality of pyrolysis oil is poor and the energy consumption of pyrolysis is high. It is necessary to improve the quality of biomass pyrolysis products and reduce energy consumption. Summary of the invention
[0004] The present invention provides a system and method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass and partial gasification, deoxygenation and quality improvement of all components. The method utilizes the structural characteristics of each component of biomass and realizes efficient resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste biomass through the process of active substance impregnation and graded deconstruction catalytic deoxygenation, improves the quality of pyrolysis products, and reduces energy consumption.
[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a system for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass and partial gasification, deoxidation and upgrading of all components, including a pretreatment mechanism, a graded deconstruction mechanism and a catalytic deoxidation mechanism;
[0006] The pretreatment mechanism includes an impregnation unit I, the impregnation unit I is connected to an active material storage unit and a biomass storage unit, and the impregnation unit I is connected to the graded deconstruction mechanism;
[0007] The hierarchical deconstruction mechanism comprises a primary deconstruction unit III, a secondary deconstruction unit IV, a tertiary deconstruction unit V, and a quaternary deconstruction unit VI which are connected in sequence, and the primary deconstruction unit III and the quaternary deconstruction unit VI are connected with an activation unit VIII;
[0008] The catalytic deoxygenation mechanism comprises a catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII, a catalytic deoxygenation unit IX and a catalytic deoxygenation unit X which are connected in sequence, the activation unit VIII and the secondary deconstruction unit IV are connected to the catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII, the tertiary deconstruction unit V is connected to the catalytic deoxygenation unit IX, and the quaternary deconstruction unit VI is connected to the catalytic deoxygenation unit X.
[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the activation unit VIII, catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII, catalytic deoxygenation unit IX and catalytic deoxygenation unit X are all connected to a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas enrichment unit, and the catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII, catalytic deoxygenation unit IX and catalytic deoxygenation unit X are respectively connected to a light deoxygenated oil enrichment unit, a medium deoxygenated oil enrichment unit and a heavy deoxygenated oil enrichment unit.
[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the catalytic deoxygenation unit X is connected to the activation unit VIII.
[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the pretreatment mechanism further includes a drying unit II connected to the impregnation unit I and the primary decomposition unit III.
[0012] In order to solve the above technical problems, the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass and partial gasification, deoxygenation and quality improvement of all components, comprising the following steps:
[0013] S1, pre-treating the active component and the biomass by immersing them in water at a mass ratio of 0.02-0.1, and drying to obtain the active biomass;
[0014] S2, the active biomass is sequentially introduced into a primary deconstruction unit III, a secondary deconstruction unit IV, a tertiary deconstruction unit V, and a quaternary deconstruction unit VI for graded pyrolysis to obtain primary volatile matter, secondary volatile matter, tertiary volatile matter, and quaternary volatile matter, respectively; the pyrolysis product of the quaternary deconstruction unit VI is separated from the quaternary volatile matter to obtain deconstructed semi-coke;
[0015] S3, the primary volatile matter and the deconstructed semi-coke enter the activation unit VIII for activation treatment to obtain hydrogen-rich synthesis gas and an active semi-coke catalyst;
[0016] S4, adding the secondary volatiles, tertiary volatiles and quaternary volatiles to catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII, catalytic deoxygenation unit IX and catalytic deoxygenation unit X respectively, and sequentially introducing the active semi-coke catalyst into catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII, catalytic deoxygenation unit IX and catalytic deoxygenation unit X to catalytically deoxygenate the secondary volatiles, tertiary volatiles and quaternary volatiles, and separating the generated hydrogen-rich synthesis gas to obtain light deoxygenated oil, medium deoxygenated oil and heavy deoxygenated oil respectively.
[0017] By adopting the above scheme, the present invention conducts comprehensive resource treatment on agricultural and forestry waste biomass, uses active substances to impregnate biomass, firstly, to modify the structure of biomass, and secondly, to optimize the biomass catalytic pyrolysis process, which plays the role of catalytic cracking and hydrogen production, mainly promoting H 2 The generation of CO in biomass graded decomposition gas by chemical adsorption 2 After the biomass is subjected to graded decomposition and catalytic dehydrogenation, the hydrogen-rich syngas produced has a high yield, H 2 The ratio of CO / CO is high. 2 The content is low, and it has the characteristics of high combustion calorific value, low pollution, and small carbon emissions. It can be used as an important raw material for the production of clean fuels or synthetic high-value chemicals. The three types of high-quality deoxygenated oils prepared have low oxygen content and are almost free of organic acids, and can be used as raw materials for fuels or high-value chemicals; at the same time, the primary volatile matter can be used as an activator for deconstructing semi-coke, and the prepared activated semi-coke catalyst is used as a catalyst for secondary / tertiary / quaternary volatile matters in turn. The activated semi-coke with high carbon content can enter the activation unit for recycling, which can improve the output and quality of the hydrogen-rich synthesizer and reduce energy consumption. This application not only reduces environmental pollution and dependence on fossil energy, but also makes full use of the characteristics of the graded deconstruction of all-component products of agricultural and forestry waste biomass, realizes the quality improvement of all-component products, improves the performance of synthetic gas and bio-oil, expands its application field, and has broad application prospects.
[0018] As a preferred embodiment, in S1, the active material is CaO, MgO, BaO, Ca(OH) 2 Mg(OH) 2 ,Ni(NO 3 ) 2 At least one of .
[0019] As a preferred embodiment, in S1, the biomass is crops, agricultural product scraps, agricultural and forestry wastes, livestock manure or wastes, such as wood, pine sawdust, straw, rice husk, bark, wood, hemp palm, etc.
[0020] As a preferred solution, in S1, the immersion pretreatment time is 0.1-3h, the drying temperature is 100-120°C, and the drying is performed until the moisture content is below 0.1%.
[0021] As a preferred embodiment, in S2, the temperature of the first-level deconstruction unit III is 210-240°C, the temperature of the second-level deconstruction unit IV is 300-325°C, the temperature of the tertiary deconstruction unit V is 400-450°C, and the temperature of the quaternary deconstruction unit VI is 550-650°C. The deconstruction time of each level is 10-20 min, the nitrogen flow rate is 10-50 mL / min, and the pressure is 0.1-5 MPa.
[0022] As a preferred solution, in S3, the activation temperature is 600-700°C, the pressure is 0.1-5MPa, the time is 10-20min, and the nitrogen flow rate is 10-50mL / min.
[0023] As a preferred embodiment, in S4, the catalytic deoxygenation temperature of each catalytic deoxygenation unit is 600-700°C, the time is 10-20 min, the nitrogen flow rate is 10-50 mL / min, and the pressure is 0.1-5 MPa.
[0024] As a preferred embodiment, the catalytic deoxygenation unit X obtains active semi-coke after separating heavy deoxygenated oil and hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, and the active semi-coke is circulated for activation reaction with primary volatile matter in the activation unit VIII to prepare hydrogen-rich synthesis gas and active semi-coke catalyst. The active semi-coke is rich in active components such as Ca, Mg, Ni, etc., and can be used as a raw material for the production of hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, and is preferentially recycled in the method of the present application.
[0025] As a preferred embodiment, the H 2 The ratio of CO / CO is 1-5, CO 2 The concentration is 5-15 vol%, and it can be used as a raw material for the production of fuel or chemical products.
[0026] As a preferred solution, the oxygen content of light deoxygenated oil, medium deoxygenated oil and heavy deoxygenated oil is below 20%, and the organic acid component is below 5%, and can be used as fuel or aviation fuel. The deoxygenated oil after distillation can be used as automobile fuel.
[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0028] The present invention subjects agricultural and forestry waste biomass to a comprehensive resource treatment, uses active substances to impregnate the biomass, and then performs graded deconstruction and catalytic dehydrogenation treatment, so that the prepared hydrogen-rich synthesis gas has the characteristics of high combustion calorific value, low pollution, and small carbon emissions. It can be used as an important production raw material for clean fuel or synthetic high-value chemicals. The three types of high-quality deoxygenated oils prepared can be used as raw materials for fuel or high-value chemicals. The present invention not only reduces environmental pollution and dependence on fossil energy, but also makes full use of the characteristics of the graded deconstruction products of agricultural and forestry waste biomass. The full-component product, achieves quality improvement of the full-component product, improves the performance of synthesis gas and bio-oil, expands its application field, and has broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram of a system and method flow for hierarchical deconstruction of all components of agricultural and forestry waste biomass and local gasification, deoxygenation and upgrading in Example 1 of the present invention;
[0030] Among them, the figure numbers of the drawings in the specification are as follows: 1. active substance; 2. biomass; 3. impregnated active biomass; 4. active biomass; 5. primary volatile matter; 6. secondary volatile matter; 7. tertiary volatile matter; 8. quaternary volatile matter; 9. deconstructed semi-coke; 10. hydrogen-rich synthesis gas; 11. active semi-coke catalyst; 12. light deoxygenated oil; 13. medium deoxygenated oil; 14. heavy deoxygenated oil; 15. active semi-coke; 16. impregnation unit I; 17. drying unit II; 18. primary deconstruction unit III; 19. secondary deconstruction unit IV; 20. tertiary deconstruction unit V; 21. quaternary deconstruction unit VI; 22. activation unit VII; 23. catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII; 24. catalytic deoxygenation unit IX; 25. catalytic deoxygenation unit X. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0032] Example 1
[0033] A system for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass, local gasification, deoxidation and upgrading of all components, includes a pretreatment mechanism, a graded deconstruction mechanism and a catalytic deoxidation mechanism. The pretreatment mechanism includes an impregnation unit I16 and a drying unit II17 connected to each other, and the impregnation unit I16 is connected to an active material storage unit and a biomass storage unit; the graded deconstruction mechanism includes a first-level deconstruction unit III18, a second-level deconstruction unit IV19, a third-level deconstruction unit V20, and a fourth-level deconstruction unit VI21 connected in sequence, and the outlet of the drying unit II17 is connected to the inlet of the first-level deconstruction unit III18.
[0034] Specifically, the catalytic deoxidation mechanism includes a catalytic deoxidation unit VIII 23, a catalytic deoxidation unit IX 24 and a catalytic deoxidation unit X 25 connected in sequence, and the primary deconstruction unit III 18, the secondary deconstruction unit IV 19, the tertiary deconstruction unit V 20 and the quaternary deconstruction unit VI 21 are additionally provided with a gas outlet, the gas outlet of the secondary deconstruction unit IV 19 is connected to the inlet of the catalytic deoxidation unit VIII 23, the gas outlet of the tertiary deconstruction unit V 20 is connected to the inlet of the catalytic deoxidation unit IX 24, and the gas outlet of the quaternary deconstruction unit VI 21 is connected to the inlet of the catalytic deoxidation unit X 25. The gas outlet of the primary deconstruction unit III 18 and the outlet of the quaternary deconstruction unit VI 21 are also connected to the activation unit VIII 22, the outlet of the activation unit VIII 22 is connected to the inlet of the catalytic deoxidation unit VIII 23, and the outlet of the catalytic deoxidation unit X 25 is connected to the inlet of the activation unit VIII 22. The activation unit VIII 22, the catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII 23, the catalytic deoxygenation unit IX 24 and the catalytic deoxygenation unit X 25 are all additionally provided with a gas outlet, and the gas outlets of the activation unit VIII 22, the catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII 23, the catalytic deoxygenation unit IX 24 and the catalytic deoxygenation unit X 25 are all connected to the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas enrichment unit. The catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII 23, the catalytic deoxygenation unit IX 24 and the catalytic deoxygenation unit X 25 are all additionally provided with a liquid outlet, and the liquid outlets of the catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII 23, the catalytic deoxygenation unit IX 24 and the catalytic deoxygenation unit X 25 are respectively connected to the light deoxygenated oil enrichment unit, the medium deoxygenated oil enrichment unit and the heavy deoxygenated oil enrichment unit.
[0035] A method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass by partial gasification, deoxygenation and quality improvement of all components, using the above-mentioned system for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass by partial gasification, deoxygenation and quality improvement of all components, comprising the following steps:
[0036] S1. In the impregnation unit I, the active component (1) NiNO 3 and the crushed biomass (2) and pine sawdust in a mass ratio of 0.02:1 and immersed in water for 2 hours for pretreatment, with the water surface covering the biomass, to obtain an immersed active biomass (3), and then dried in a drying unit II to obtain an active biomass (4);
[0037] S2, the active biomass (4) is sequentially introduced into the primary deconstruction unit III, the secondary deconstruction unit IV, the tertiary deconstruction unit V, and the quaternary deconstruction unit VI for graded pyrolysis, and primary volatiles (5), secondary volatiles (6), tertiary volatiles (7), and quaternary volatiles (8) are obtained respectively. The pyrolysis product of the quaternary deconstruction unit VI is separated from the quaternary volatiles (8) to obtain deconstructed semi-coke (9). The process conditions of the primary deconstruction unit III are 240° C. and 10 min; the process conditions of the secondary deconstruction unit IV are 300° C. and 10 min; the process conditions of the tertiary deconstruction unit V are 450° C. and 10 min; the process conditions of the quaternary deconstruction unit VI are 650° C. and 10 min; the nitrogen flow rate in the graded deconstruction process is 20 mL / min, and the pressure is 0.1 MPa;
[0038] S3, primary volatile matter (5) and deconstructed semi-coke (9) all enter activation unit VIII and are activated at 0.1 MPa and 650° C. for 10 min to obtain hydrogen-rich synthesis gas (10) and active semi-coke catalyst (11);
[0039] S4, adding the secondary volatiles (6), the tertiary volatiles (7) and the quaternary volatiles (8) to the catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII, the catalytic deoxygenation unit IX and the catalytic deoxygenation unit X respectively, and sequentially introducing the active semi-coke catalyst (11) into the catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII, the catalytic deoxygenation unit IX and the catalytic deoxygenation unit X to catalytically deoxygenate the secondary volatiles (6), the tertiary volatiles (7) and the quaternary volatiles (8). The catalytic deoxygenation reaction conditions are 0.1 MPa and 650° C., and the reaction time is 10 min. Light deoxygenated oil, medium deoxygenated oil and heavy deoxygenated oil are obtained respectively. The hydrogen-rich synthesis gas (10) produced by the catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII, the catalytic deoxygenation unit IX and the catalytic deoxygenation unit X is mixed with the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas (10) produced by the activation unit VIII. The reaction product of the catalytic deoxygenation unit X is separated from the heavy deoxygenated oil (14) and the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas (10) to obtain the active semi-coke (15);
[0040] The active semi-coke (15) can be continuously recycled and enter the activation unit VIII to react with the primary volatile matter (5) to prepare hydrogen-rich synthesis gas (10) and active semi-coke catalyst (11).
[0041] The yield of the obtained hydrogen-rich synthesis gas (10) is 25 wt % based on the biomass mass, H 2 The ratio of CO / CO is 4.5, CO 2 The concentration is 20 vol%; the oxygen contents of the obtained light deoxygenated oil, medium deoxygenated oil and heavy deoxygenated oil are 17%, 9% and 12% respectively, and the deoxygenated oil does not contain organic acid.
[0042] Example 2
[0043] A method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass by partial gasification, deoxygenation and upgrading of all components, wherein each step and the raw materials, equipment and process parameters used in each step are the same as those in Example 1, except that in S1, NiNO 3 Use MgO in equal amount to replace.
[0044] The yield of the obtained hydrogen-rich synthesis gas (10) is 20 wt % based on the mass of biomass. 2 The ratio of CO / CO is 3.5, CO 2 The concentration is 16 vol%; the oxygen contents of light deoxygenated oil, medium deoxygenated oil and heavy deoxygenated oil are 16%, 10% and 10% respectively, and the deoxygenated oil does not contain organic acid.
[0045] Example 3
[0046] A method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass by partial gasification, deoxygenation and upgrading of all components, wherein each step and the raw materials, equipment and process parameters used in each step are the same as those in Example 1, except that in S1, NiNO 3 Use CaO as an equal replacement.
[0047] The yield of the obtained hydrogen-rich synthesis gas (10) is 22 wt % based on the biomass mass, H 2 The ratio of CO / CO is 3.7, CO 2 The concentration is 15 vol%; the oxygen contents of light deoxygenated oil, medium deoxygenated oil and heavy deoxygenated oil are 15%, 11% and 9% respectively, and the deoxygenated oil does not contain organic acid.
[0048] Comparative Example 1
[0049] A method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass and partial gasification, deoxygenation and upgrading of all components, wherein each step and the raw materials, equipment and process parameters used in each step are the same as those in Example 1, except that in S1, active component (1) is not added.
[0050] The yield of the obtained hydrogen-rich synthesis gas (10) is 10 wt % based on the mass of biomass. 2 The ratio of CO / CO is 0.9, CO 2 The concentration is 40 vol%; the oxygen contents of light deoxygenated oil, medium deoxygenated oil and heavy deoxygenated oil are 23%, 16% and 38% respectively, and the deoxygenated oil contains 14% organic acid.
[0051] Comparative Example 2
[0052] A method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass by partial gasification, deoxygenation and upgrading of all components, wherein each step and the raw materials, equipment and process parameters used in each step are the same as those in Example 1, except that in S1, the active component (1) NiNO3 The mass ratio of the biomass (2) to the pine sawdust is 0.01:1.
[0053] The yield of the obtained hydrogen-rich synthesis gas (10) is 21 wt % based on the biomass mass, H 2 The ratio of CO / CO is 3.9, CO 2 The concentration is 25 vol%; the oxygen contents of light deoxygenated oil, medium deoxygenated oil and heavy deoxygenated oil are 19%, 13% and 18% respectively, and the deoxygenated oil contains 6% organic acid.
[0054] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. It is particularly pointed out that for those skilled in the art, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A system for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass and partial gasification, deoxygenation and upgrading of all components, characterized in that: It includes a pretreatment mechanism, a graded deconstruction mechanism and a catalytic deoxidation mechanism; The pretreatment mechanism comprises an impregnation unit I (16), the impregnation unit I (16) is connected to an active material storage unit and a biomass storage unit, and the impregnation unit I (16) is connected to the graded decomposition mechanism; The hierarchical deconstruction mechanism comprises a primary deconstruction unit III (18), a secondary deconstruction unit IV (19), a tertiary deconstruction unit V (20), and a quaternary deconstruction unit VI (21) which are connected in sequence, wherein the primary deconstruction unit III (18) and the quaternary deconstruction unit VI (21) are connected to an activation unit VIII (22); The catalytic deoxygenation mechanism comprises a catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII (23), a catalytic deoxygenation unit IX (24) and a catalytic deoxygenation unit X (25) which are connected in sequence, the activation unit VIII (22) and the secondary deconstruction unit IV (19) are connected to the catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII (23), the tertiary deconstruction unit V (20) is connected to the catalytic deoxygenation unit IX (24), and the quaternary deconstruction unit VI (21) is connected to the catalytic deoxygenation unit X (25).
2. A system for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass and partial gasification, deoxygenation and upgrading of all components as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The activation unit VIII (22), the catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII (23), the catalytic deoxygenation unit IX (24) and the catalytic deoxygenation unit X (25) are all connected to a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas enrichment unit, the catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII (23), the catalytic deoxygenation unit IX (24) and the catalytic deoxygenation unit X (25) are respectively connected to a light deoxygenated oil enrichment unit, a medium deoxygenated oil enrichment unit and a heavy deoxygenated oil enrichment unit, and the catalytic deoxygenation unit X (25) is connected to the activation unit VIII (22).
3. A system for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass and partial gasification, deoxygenation and upgrading of all components as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment mechanism also includes a drying unit II (17) connected to the impregnation unit I (16) and the primary decomposition unit III (18).
4. A method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass and partial gasification, deoxygenation and quality improvement of all components, using a system for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass and partial gasification, deoxygenation and quality improvement of all components as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, pre-treating the active component and the biomass by immersing them in water at a mass ratio of 0.02-0.1, and drying to obtain the active biomass; S2, the active biomass is sequentially introduced into a primary deconstruction unit III, a secondary deconstruction unit IV, a tertiary deconstruction unit V, and a quaternary deconstruction unit VI for graded pyrolysis to obtain primary volatile matter, secondary volatile matter, tertiary volatile matter, and quaternary volatile matter, respectively; the pyrolysis product of the quaternary deconstruction unit VI is separated from the quaternary volatile matter to obtain deconstructed semi-coke; S3, the primary volatile matter and the deconstructed semi-coke enter the activation unit VIII for activation treatment to obtain hydrogen-rich synthesis gas and an active semi-coke catalyst; S4, adding the secondary volatiles, tertiary volatiles and quaternary volatiles to catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII, catalytic deoxygenation unit IX and catalytic deoxygenation unit X respectively, and sequentially introducing the active semi-coke catalyst into catalytic deoxygenation unit VIII, catalytic deoxygenation unit IX and catalytic deoxygenation unit X to catalytically deoxygenate the secondary volatiles, tertiary volatiles and quaternary volatiles, and separating the generated hydrogen-rich synthesis gas to obtain light deoxygenated oil, medium deoxygenated oil and heavy deoxygenated oil respectively.
5. A method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass by partial gasification, deoxygenation and upgrading of all components as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In S1, the active material is at least one of CaO, MgO, BaO, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, and Ni(NO3)2.
6. A method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass by partial gasification, deoxygenation and upgrading of all components as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In S1, the immersion pretreatment time is 0.1-3 hours, the drying temperature is 100-120° C., and the drying is performed until the moisture content is below 0.1%.
7. A method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass by partial gasification, deoxygenation and upgrading of all components as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In S2, the temperature of the first-level deconstruction unit III is 210-240°C, the temperature of the second-level deconstruction unit IV is 300-325°C, the temperature of the tertiary deconstruction unit V is 400-450°C, and the temperature of the quaternary deconstruction unit VI is 550-650°C. The deconstruction time of each level is 10-20 min, the nitrogen flow rate is 10-50 mL / min, and the pressure is 0.1-5 MPa.
8. The method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass by partial gasification, deoxygenation and upgrading of all components as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In S3, the activation temperature is 600-700°C, the pressure is 0.1-5MPa, the time is 10-20min, and the nitrogen flow rate is 10-50mL / min.
9. A method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass by partial gasification, deoxygenation and upgrading of all components as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In S4, the catalytic deoxygenation temperature of each catalytic deoxygenation unit is 600-700°C, the time is 10-20min, the nitrogen flow rate is 10-50mL / min, and the pressure is 0.1-5MPa.
10. The method for graded deconstruction of agricultural and forestry waste biomass by partial gasification, deoxygenation and upgrading of all components as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The catalytic deoxygenation unit X obtains active semi-coke after separating heavy deoxygenated oil and hydrogen-rich synthesis gas. The active semi-coke is circulated for activation reaction with primary volatile matter in the activation unit VIII to prepare hydrogen-rich synthesis gas and active semi-coke catalyst.