A shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device and method

Abstract

The present invention provides a shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device and method, which belongs to the field of tunnel maintenance technology and is used for shield tunnel segment deformation adjustment and repair. The device includes a mobile carrier and a support ring. The mobile carrier carries the support ring to move in the tunnel. The support ring includes at least one group. The axial direction of the support ring is consistent with the axial direction of the tunnel. The outer ring direction of the support ring faces the inner ring surface of the tunnel. The inner ring side of the support ring is connected to the mobile carrier. The outer ring side of the support ring is provided with a support structure. The support structure includes a support plate and an expansion structure provided between the support plate and the support ring. When the expansion structure expands, the support plate moves away from the support ring and approaches the inner ring surface of the tunnel. This method is combined with the device to first inject bentonite slurry before the formal grouting adjustment to reduce the internal friction angle of the sand behind the segment, improve fluidity, create favorable conditions for subsequent grouting adjustment, improve adjustment efficiency and accuracy, simplify the construction process, and shorten the construction period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel maintenance, and in particular relates to a shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device and method. Background Art

[0002] Shield tunneling is a key method of subway construction, particularly suitable for soft soil. Through tunneling by a shield machine and the assembly of segments, a continuous underground passage is formed. Shield tunneling offers advantages such as rapid construction and minimal impact on surface traffic, leading to its widespread use in urban subway construction.

[0003] During the long-term operation of shield tunnels, deformation of tunnel segments may occur due to a variety of factors, including geological conditions, external environment, and construction quality. This deformation may manifest as convergence, leading to joint opening and water leakage, seriously threatening the tunnel structure and operational safety. When the deformation exceeds a certain limit, it can also cause a series of structural problems such as segment concrete crushing and block fall.

[0004] Deformation of shield tunnel segments in soft soil layers, such as water-rich sand, requires timely adjustment. Grouting reinforcement and other measures can repair deformation and improve the tunnel's structural stability and safety. However, the construction process is complex and requires ensuring proper structural support to improve the quality and safety of the repair process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device and method, which is used to reasonably support the segment structure during the shield tunnel segment deformation repair construction process, thereby improving the repair quality and safety of the repair process.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned and other related purposes, the present invention provides a shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device and method.

[0007] Among them, a shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device includes a mobile carrier and support rings, the mobile carrier carries the support rings to move in the tunnel, the support rings include at least one group, the axis direction of the support rings is consistent with the axis direction of the tunnel, the outer ring direction of the support rings is toward the inner ring surface of the tunnel, and the inner ring side of the support rings is connected to the mobile carrier;

[0008] A support structure is provided on the outer ring side of the support ring. The support structure includes a support plate and an expansion structure provided between the support plate and the support ring. When the expansion structure expands, the support plate moves away from the support ring and approaches the inner ring surface of the tunnel.

[0009] Optionally, there are multiple groups of support structures that act independently of each other to support local areas of the tunnel.

[0010] Optionally, the support ring includes an inner ring body and a side ring body, the inner ring body is located inside the support ring and is fixedly connected to the mobile carrier, and the two side ring bodies are connected to both sides of the inner ring body, and the inner ring body and the side ring bodies form a groove structure facing the tunnel wall;

[0011] The expansion structure is arranged in the trough structure, and the support plate is located on an opening side of the trough structure and is driven by the expansion structure to move toward or away from the tunnel wall.

[0012] Optionally, the support structures are arranged in a circumferential array on a single side of the support ring;

[0013] On both sides of the support ring, the support structures on both sides are symmetrically arranged;

[0014] The support plate is a sheet-like structure, with one end being a straight plate and the other end being a curved plate. One side of the straight plate is fixedly connected to the action end of the expansion structure, and one side of the curved plate is inclined with the support ring and extends toward the wall of the tunnel. The curved plate and the wall of the tunnel have the same curvature direction.

[0015] On one side of the support ring, for two adjacent support structures in the circumferential array, the arc-shaped plate of the support plate on the first support structure is located outside the straight plate of the support plate on the second support structure, but with a first spacing area between them;

[0016] At the top of the support ring, the arc-shaped plates of the support plates of the two support structures are symmetrical about the vertical plane, and a second spacing area is formed between the bottoms of the two arc-shaped plates and the support ring.

[0017] Optionally, on both sides of the support ring, the expansion structure includes a first telescopic device, the first telescopic device includes four groups of first telescopic cylinders arranged in parallel, and each of the first telescopic cylinders is connected between the inner ring body and the straight plate of the support plate of the same group.

[0018] Optionally, on both sides of the support ring, the expansion structure further includes a second telescopic device, the second telescopic device including a set of second telescopic cylinders, the second telescopic cylinders passing through the straight plates of the support plates of the same set and then connected between the inner ring body and the curved plates of another adjacent set of support plates;

[0019] The second telescopic cylinder is located in the middle area of ​​the four groups of the first telescopic cylinders.

[0020] Optionally, a box shell with a single-side opening is provided at the end of the telescopic shaft of the second telescopic cylinder. The box shell is located in the first spacing area, and the opening surface of the box shell faces the back of the curved plate of the support plate. The opening surface of the box shell is also curved and matches the curved surface trend of the curved plate. The distance between the opening surface of the box shell and the curved plate is adjusted by the second telescopic cylinder.

[0021] A first air bag is arranged in the box shell, and the first air bag abuts against the back surface of the arc-shaped plate at a corresponding position.

[0022] Optionally, a second airbag is provided in the second spacer area at the top of the support ring, and the second airbag abuts against the back surface of the arc-shaped plate at a corresponding position.

[0023] Optionally, the mobile carrier is provided with wheels and a grouting system, the wheels drive the mobile carrier to move, and the grouting system grouts the rear side of the pipe segment through grouting holes reserved or newly drilled on the pipe segment.

[0024] A method for adjusting the deformation of a shield tunnel segment structure, using a support device for adjusting the deformation of a shield tunnel segment structure as described in any one of the above items, comprises the following steps:

[0025] Tunnel segment deformation survey: measuring the deformed cross-section of each tunnel section and comparing it with the tunnel design cross-section to determine the deformation of the tunnel segments;

[0026] Adjusting the deformation of the tunnel segments, based on the results of the tunnel segment deformation survey step, adjusting the deformation at each location, includes the following sub-steps:

[0027] The mobile carrier carries the support ring to the section to be adjusted;

[0028] According to the result of the tunnel segment deformation survey step, the tunnel deformation cross-section, the design cross-section and the adjustment target cross-section of the section to be adjusted are obtained;

[0029] The supporting structure of the support ring moves, and the curved plates of each supporting structure come into contact with the tunnel segments in the corresponding area, that is, in a deformed cross-section state;

[0030] Grouting adjustment: first, inject bentonite slurry into the grouting holes at the top of the tunnel, and then grouting is carried out in the grouting holes on one or both sides of the tunnel. During the grouting process, the pipe segments gradually deform and squeeze the support structure. The support structure gradually shrinks according to the squeezing force to ensure that the squeezing force does not exceed the set value. Grouting stop conditions are: the support structure shrinks to the designed cross-section state, or the squeezing force converges and stabilizes during the continued grouting process, or the grouting pressure exceeds 0.5MPa;

[0031] When grouting stops, record the extrusion pressure of each supporting structure's supporting point at this time. After grouting stops, cut off the grouting channel, and each supporting structure maintains support and continues to obtain the extrusion pressure of each supporting point. After the extrusion pressure stabilizes, each supporting structure slowly moves and gradually withdraws the support until the extrusion pressure reaches zero and stops moving;

[0032] According to the support point positions of each supporting structure or the re-survey of the tunnel section, the new actual tunnel section is obtained. If it meets the adjustment target section, the deformation adjustment of the current section segment is ended; if it does not meet the requirements, the deformation adjustment of the tunnel segment is carried out again.

[0033] As described above, the shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device and method of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0034] This shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device, combined with its method, significantly improves the flexibility and efficiency of tunnel segment deformation adjustment. By carrying the support ring on a mobile carrier and flexibly moving it within the tunnel, it cooperates with the expansion of the support structure to accurately support the inner ring surface of the tunnel, and can adjust the support force of the segment structure during the repair process as needed. Combined with this shield tunnel segment deformation adjustment method, by injecting bentonite slurry before the formal grouting adjustment, the internal friction angle of the sand behind the segment is effectively reduced, the fluidity is improved, and favorable conditions are created for subsequent grouting adjustments. It significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of deformation adjustment, simplifies the construction process, shortens the construction period, reduces tunnel maintenance costs, and ensures the stability and safety of the tunnel structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of the present invention in working state in a tunnel.

[0036] Figure 2 It shows an overall schematic diagram of the present invention having multiple support rings.

[0037] Figure 3 It shows a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention when working in a tunnel.

[0038] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic diagram of the support ring of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 The figure shows the support ring of the present invention with the side ring body hidden.

[0040] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a support ring with a second telescopic device according to the present invention.

[0041] Figure 7 Shown is a partial schematic diagram of the support ring of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 8Shown is a schematic diagram of the expanded structure of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 9 Shown is a schematic diagram of the grouting area of ​​the present invention.

[0044] Figure 10 Shown is a schematic diagram of the tunnel cross-section adjustment according to the present invention.

[0045] Among them: mobile carrier 1, support plate 2, straight plate 20, curved plate 21, expansion structure 3, first telescopic cylinder 31, second telescopic cylinder 32, box shell 33, support ring 4, inner ring body 40, side ring body 41, first spacer area 51, second spacer area 52, deformed section 90, designed section 91, target section 92, top grouting hole 80, and grouting holes 81 on both sides. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following describes the implementation of the present invention through specific embodiments. People skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0047] See also Figures 1 to 10 . It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they have no substantive technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the efficacy and purpose that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0048] The following embodiments are for illustration only and can be combined with each other, and are not limited to the contents presented in the following single embodiments.

[0049] For this example, please refer to Figure 1-8The present invention provides an embodiment of a support device for adjusting the deformation of a shield tunnel segment structure, comprising a mobile carrier 1 and a support ring 4. The mobile carrier 1 carries the support ring 4 and moves in the tunnel. The support ring 4 includes at least one group. The axial direction of the support ring 4 is consistent with the axial direction of the tunnel. The outer ring direction of the support ring 4 faces the inner ring wall of the tunnel. The inner ring side of the support ring 4 is connected to the mobile carrier 1. The mobile carrier 1 can be a carrier or trolley with a mobile function, such as a tunnel inspection vehicle. The support ring 4 as a whole can be set as an independent structure and detachably installed on the mobile carrier 1. Taking the mobile carrier 1 as an example of a tunnel inspection vehicle, during routine inspection operations, the tunnel inspection vehicle does not need to be installed with the support ring 4. The support ring 4 is only installed on the tunnel inspection vehicle when the tunnel segment needs to be adjusted. The support ring 4 is a ring with a notch, with the notch facing downward. The support ring 4 as a whole can cover the mobile carrier 1 from top to bottom and be detachably installed therewith. Once installed as a whole, the outer periphery of the support device will be a multi-circle arc shape, matching the tunnel cross-section;

[0050] Specifically, the outer side of support ring 4 is provided with a support structure comprising a support plate 2 and an expansion structure 3 disposed between the support plate 2 and the support ring 4. When the expansion structure 3 expands, the support plate 2 moves away from the support ring 4 and closer to the inner surface of the tunnel. When the expansion structure 3 contracts, the support plate 2 moves away from the inner surface of the tunnel and closer to the main body of support ring 4. The expansion structure 3 adjusts the distance and force of the support plate 2 against the inner surface of the tunnel.

[0051] To better illustrate the beneficial effects of the above embodiment, the following is described in conjunction with a shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment method. This method uses the above shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device, including the following steps:

[0052] Tunnel segment deformation survey, please refer to Figure 10Measure the deformed cross-section 90 of each tunnel section and compare it with the tunnel's designed cross-section 91 to determine the deformation of the tunnel segments and develop an adjustment plan, including determining a target cross-section 92. Generally speaking, the target cross-section 92 is a range, not a single fixed value. Underground lines primarily utilize shield tunnel structures. During the tunnel's operating life, the surrounding environment inevitably changes. With the continuous development of urbanization, these environmental changes are becoming increasingly frequent. Generally speaking, changes in the tunnel's surrounding environment can be divided into two categories: ① unloading conditions, primarily caused by activities such as foundation pit or tunnel excavation; and ② loading conditions, primarily caused by engineering activities such as illegal soil disposal, road construction, and river backfilling. Both loading and unloading conditions result in additional stress and displacement fields, disrupting the tunnel's original equilibrium state. Compared to other methods, shield tunnel structures have numerous joints. These numerous joints reduce the tunnel's overall stiffness in both the circumferential and longitudinal directions. Environmental changes can easily cause deformation in shield tunnels, leading to a series of structural defects and posing a threat to tunnel safety. During the tunnel operation cycle, regular monitoring is required. If there are significant abnormal changes in the convergence and deformation of the tunnel along the line, especially when the monitored values ​​exceed the design values, the safety of the tunnel structure will be seriously threatened if not promptly addressed.

[0053] Tunnel segment deformation adjustment, according to the results of the tunnel segment deformation survey step, the deformation of each location is adjusted. Generally speaking, the deformation of the tunnel structure mainly presents the following Figure 10 The compressive deformation shown in the figure manifests as a widening of the tunnel cross section but a reduction in height, which in turn leads to a series of structural problems such as concrete crushing, block loss, and water and mud leakage, seriously threatening the tunnel structure and operational safety. Therefore, tunnel structural remediation work focuses on cross-sectional convergence deformation, and the main remediation methods include lateral micro-disturbance grouting. In this solution, tunnel segment deformation adjustment includes the following sub-steps:

[0054] The mobile carrier 1 carries the support ring 4 to the section to be adjusted. Figure 1 ;

[0055] According to the results of the tunnel segment deformation survey step, the tunnel deformation section 90, the design section 91 and the adjustment target section 92 of the section to be adjusted are obtained. Figure 10 ;

[0056] The supporting structure of the support ring 4 moves, and the curved plates 21 of each supporting structure contact the tunnel segment in the corresponding area, that is, in the state of deformed cross section 90. At this time, they are only in contact with each other but do not provide supporting force. Then the main work of deformation adjustment of the tunnel segment is carried out;

[0057] For grouting adjustment, please refer to Figure 9First, inject bentonite slurry into the grouting hole 80 at the top of the tunnel, and then grouting is carried out into the grouting holes 81 on one or both sides of the tunnel. It should be noted that Figure 9 The grouting hole locations are indicative and not precise. Bentonite slurry is injected from the top first to mix the sand and soil, reduce the internal friction angle, and improve fluidity. By reducing friction between the sand and soil, it also acts as a lubricant, making it easier to perform grouting on both sides of the tunnel to restore segment deformation and improve the effectiveness of subsequent grouting.

[0058] Bentonite is a non-metallic mineral with montmorillonite as its primary mineral component. It is also called bentonite, bentonite, or bentonite rock. Determining the amount of bentonite slurry to be injected requires comprehensive consideration of the degree of deformation of the tunnel segments, the physical properties of the sand behind the segments (such as particle size distribution, water content, porosity, etc.), and the expected grouting results. Bentonite properties are closely related to its montmorillonite content. In actual operation, when selecting bentonite, the appropriate type of bentonite and the appropriate amount of bentonite slurry to be injected can be determined through laboratory simulation tests or small-scale field tests. Bentonite slurry with an appropriate concentration can better fill the pores of the sand, forming a stable sand-soil mixture structure, thereby reducing the internal friction angle and promoting the flow and diffusion of the slurry in the mixed sand during the subsequent grouting process, ensuring the efficiency and accuracy of the subsequent segment adjustment grouting process.

[0059] During the bentonite slurry grouting process, it is necessary to closely monitor changes in parameters such as grouting pressure and grouting rate. The grouting pressure should be selected based on the strength of the sand behind the segment and the depth of the grouting hole to ensure that the bentonite slurry can fully penetrate the sand behind the segment and form a good slurry layer. The grouting rate should be adjusted according to changes in grouting pressure and grouting volume. During implementation, the soil conditions at different construction sites vary. In order to obtain targeted construction parameters, soil can be taken from behind the tunnel segments at the construction site to analyze the physical properties of the soil. Then, laboratory simulation tests or small-scale field tests can be established to understand the changes in the physical properties of the soil caused by bentonite slurry injected at different locations and with different volumes, and the impact on subsequent segment adjustment grouting. Based on this, the key grouting parameters for actual adjustment can be set.

[0060] After the bentonite slurry grouting is completed, the subsequent lateral grouting can use micro-disturbance grouting, according to the deformation of each side of the tunnel. If it is only unilateral deformation, grouting is only done on one side. During the grouting process, the pipe segment gradually deforms (recovers its shape) and squeezes the supporting structure. The supporting structure gradually shrinks according to the size of the squeezing force to ensure that the squeezing force does not exceed the set value. This set value should not be too large. Its function is to ensure that the supporting structure has abutment and limiting effect on the pipe segment, but it cannot affect the shape recovery of the pipe segment caused by the grouting pressure. The grouting stop conditions are: the support structure shrinks to the design section 91 state, or the squeezing force converges and stabilizes during the grouting process, or the grouting pressure exceeds 0.5Mpa. The grouting holes on the side of the tunnel can be set according to the deformation situation, mainly in areas with larger deformation. The longitudinal hole spacing of the grouting holes along the tunnel should be greater than the transverse hole spacing. During the on-site grouting process, the pipe segment ring will undergo a certain horizontal displacement under the action of the grouting pressure, such as Figure 10 In the process of recovering from the deformed section 90 to the designed section 91, excessive horizontal displacement will cause the lateral misalignment and deformation of the segment ring, which may cause water leakage in the annular joint. To avoid this problem, the method of grouting with spaced holes along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is adopted, and on the basis of following the orderly controllable grouting principle of "uniform, small amount, multi-point, and multiple times", a support structure is set up to support and abut the segment from the inside of the tunnel, but attention should be paid to the control of the extrusion force between the support structure and the segment. Ideally, the support structure only provides positioning and abutment, but does not provide reaction force. That is, the support structure only contacts and tracks the deformation and return of the segment without restricting the deformation and return of the segment, and ensures that the process proceeds smoothly and slowly. However, if the segment is significantly displaced or even loosens from the wall, the support structure can also ensure that the segment remains in place and does not fall off;

[0061] When grouting stops, record the extrusion pressure of each supporting structure at the time (small but not zero). After grouting stops, cut off the grouting channel, and each supporting structure maintains support and continues to obtain the extrusion pressure of each supporting point. After the extrusion pressure stabilizes, each supporting structure slowly moves and gradually withdraws the support until the extrusion pressure reaches zero and stops. Figure 10 Before grouting, due to the influence of water and soil pressure around the tunnel and the ground load, the tunnel cross-section presents a "flattened" large deformation deformation section 90. During the grouting process, the horizontal pressure generated by the slurry increases the lateral force of the tunnel, and the tunnel convergence deformation is reduced relative to the initial state. The tunnel cross-sectional size is restored to a certain extent, such as returning to the design section 91. After the grouting is completed, with the dissipation of the excess pore water pressure outside the tunnel and the consolidation of the soil, the tunnel convergence deformation will increase again. Due to the micro-disturbance of the soil during the grouting process and the solidification and hardening of the slurry, the mechanical properties of the soil around the tunnel are improved, so that the tunnel convergence deformation will not completely recover to the state before grouting, but will rebound, for example, stabilizing in the area of ​​the adjusted target section 92.

[0062] Finally, to ensure the quality of the adjustment, it is necessary to re-survey the support points of each supporting structure or the tunnel cross-section to obtain a new actual tunnel cross-section. If it meets the adjustment target cross-section 92, the deformation adjustment of the current segment is terminated; if it does not meet the requirements, the deformation adjustment of the tunnel segment is repeated.

[0063] In the above-mentioned embodiments, the present shield tunnel segment deformation adjustment support device and method significantly improves the efficiency and safety of tunnel maintenance. The combination of a mobile carrier and support rings enables flexible and convenient support operations, allowing for rapid deployment and adjustment based on tunnel deformation. The support rings' notched design and removable installation further enhance their adaptability and practicality.

[0064] At the methodological level, effective control of tunnel structural deformation was achieved through segment deformation surveys combined with grouting adjustment technology. During the grouting process, dynamic adjustments to the support structure ensured stable application of grouting pressure and slow segment recovery, preventing lateral misalignment of the segment rings due to excessive horizontal displacement. Furthermore, the support structure's limiting and abutting effects ensured effective grouting while minimizing the impact of reaction forces on segment recovery.

[0065] Overall, the application of this device and method not only effectively restored the stability and safety of the tunnel structure, but also greatly reduced the construction difficulty and cost, providing a strong guarantee for the long-term safe operation of the shield tunnel.

[0066] In this embodiment, multiple groups of support structures operate independently to support localized areas of the tunnel. This independent design significantly enhances support flexibility and precision. Responding to the diverse cross-sections and deformation variations of tunnels, each support structure can operate independently, providing localized support as needed, ensuring maximum support effectiveness. This refined support approach not only optimizes support efficiency but also effectively avoids over- or under-support, enhancing overall adjustment of tunnel structural deformation.

[0067] In this embodiment, the support ring 4 includes an inner ring body 40 and a side ring body 41. The inner ring body 40 is located on the inner side of the support ring 4 and is fixedly connected to the mobile vehicle 1. The two side ring bodies 41 are connected to both sides of the inner ring body 40. The inner ring body 40 and the side ring bodies 41 form a groove structure facing the tunnel wall. The inner ring body 40 and the side ring bodies 41 can be welded together using steel structural parts and then detachably connected to the mobile vehicle.

[0068] The expansion structure 3 is arranged in the groove structure, and the support plate 2 is located on the opening side of the groove structure, and is pushed into or away from the tunnel wall under the drive of the expansion structure 3. The groove structure design of the support ring enhances its structural stability and support force transmission efficiency. The inner ring body and the side ring body are welded together to ensure the overall strength of the support ring. The expansion structure in the groove structure can flexibly drive the support plate and transmit the reaction force to the inner ring body and the mobile carrier, thereby achieving precise and stable support for the tunnel wall. This design not only improves the reliability and flexibility of the support, but also effectively reduces the overall weight and complexity of the device, facilitates the detachable connection between the support ring 4 and the mobile carrier, and is more convenient for the rapid deployment and implementation of the device.

[0069] In this embodiment, the support structures are arranged in a circumferential array on one side of the support ring 4;

[0070] On both sides of the support ring 4, the support structures on both sides are symmetrically arranged;

[0071] The support plate 2 is a sheet structure, see Figure 4 and Figure 8 One end is a straight plate 20, and the other end is a curved plate 21. One side of the straight plate 20 is fixedly connected to the operating end of the expansion structure 3. One side of the curved plate 21 is inclined with the support ring 4 and extends toward the tunnel wall. The curved plate 21 and the tunnel wall have the same curvature direction, making it easier to adapt to the tunnel cross-section when pressed against the tunnel wall to form a support. The support plate 2 can be a sheet-like structure composed of multiple layers of steel sheets, with strain gauges arranged between the layers, and a rubber cushion layer provided on the entire surface after the stacking. The strain gauge can detect the strain of the curved plate 21 and then calculate the support force. The rubber cushion layer can play a protective role and serve as a buffer for the support contact area. The support plate adopts a design that combines straight plates and curved plates. The curved plate portion can better adapt to the shape of the tunnel wall, improving the stability and adaptability of the support. The multi-layer steel sheet stacking structure enhances the support strength and has strong elastic deformation ability. At the same time, the built-in strain gauge can monitor the support force in real time to ensure construction safety. The rubber pad acts as a buffer, effectively protecting the tunnel wall and reducing friction damage during the support process;

[0072] On one side of the support ring 4, see Figure 5 In two adjacent support structures in a circular array, the curved plates 21 of the support plate 2 on the preceding support structure are positioned outside the straight plates 20 of the support plate 2 on the succeeding support structure, but with a first spacing area 51 between them. This support structure design enables the support plates of adjacent support structures to form a staggered layout when arranged in a single circular array on the support ring. The first spacing area is left between the curved plates and the straight plates, ensuring comprehensive support while avoiding mutual interference. The first spacing area is used to accommodate other devices. The coordinated operation of multiple support structures greatly enhances the stability and strength of the overall support, providing more reliable safety guarantees for tunnel construction.

[0073] At the top of the support ring 4, the curved plates 21 of the two support structures are symmetrical about the vertical plane, and a second spacer 52 is provided between the bottom of the two curved plates 21 and the support ring 4. Compared to transverse cross-sectional deformation, the longitudinal impact on the tunnel is relatively small and generally does not affect structural safety. Therefore, tunnel structural improvement work mainly focuses on transverse cross-sectional deformation, so lateral support must be prioritized. The support plates 2 on both sides need to be arranged in a mirrored manner, with the two curved plates 21 facing each other in the top area, ensuring effective support for the tunnel's transverse and vertical cross-sections. The provision of the second spacer optimizes the interaction between the support structures, and the second spacer can also be used to install other devices.

[0074] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 On both sides of the support ring 4, the expansion structure 3 includes a first telescopic device, which includes four groups of parallel first telescopic cylinders 31. Each first telescopic cylinder 31 is connected between the inner ring body 40 and the straight plate 20 of the support plate 2 in the same group. The expansion and contraction of the first telescopic cylinder 31 can control the translation of the straight plate 20, and the translation of the straight plate 20 can drive the arc-shaped plate 21 to abut against the tunnel wall. The arc-shaped plate 21 can automatically bend and deform according to the degree of abutment, adapt to the shape of the tunnel wall, and form a fitting support. In summary, through the four groups of parallel first telescopic cylinders, the translation of the straight plate of the support plate can be accurately controlled, thereby driving the arc-shaped plate to closely abut against the tunnel wall. The automatic bending and deformation ability of the arc-shaped plate enables it to appropriately fit various tunnel wall shapes and provide stable and uniform support force. This design not only improves the support effect, but also enhances the safety and flexibility of construction.

[0075] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 6-Figure 8On both sides of the support ring 4, the expansion structure 3 also includes a second telescopic device, which includes a set of second telescopic cylinders 32. After passing through the straight plates 20 of the support plates 2 of the same group, the second telescopic cylinders 32 are connected between the inner ring body 40 and the curved plates 21 of another adjacent group of support plates 2; the second telescopic cylinders 32 are located in the middle area of ​​the four sets of first telescopic cylinders 31. When the second telescopic cylinders 32 are extended and retracted, the second telescopic cylinders 32 can abut against the back side of the curved plates 21 to form support. In specific implementation, the first telescopic cylinders 31 first allow the straight plates 20 to move horizontally and drive the curved plates 21 to abut against the tunnel wall. The curved plates then automatically bend and deform to adapt to the shape of the tunnel wall. Finally, the second telescopic cylinders 32 extend and abut against the back side of the curved plates 21, thereby providing a better support effect. By adding the second telescopic cylinder, the support structure is further optimized. The second telescopic cylinder not only enhances the supporting force of the curved plates, but also improves the stability and adaptability of the support. The first telescopic cylinder initially brings the curved plate into contact with the tunnel wall, automatically bending and deforming it. The second telescopic cylinder then provides additional support, ensuring both fit and support. This design significantly improves the effectiveness and safety of tunnel support.

[0076] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 At the end of the telescopic shaft of the second telescopic cylinder 32, there is provided a box shell 33 with a single-side opening. The box shell 33 is located in the first spacing area 51. The opening surface of the box shell 33 faces the back of the arc-shaped plate 21 of the support plate 2. The opening surface of the box shell 33 is also arc-shaped and matches the arc surface trend of the arc-shaped plate 21. The distance between the opening surface of the box shell 33 and the arc-shaped plate 21 is adjusted by the second telescopic cylinder 32.

[0077] A first airbag is provided in the housing shell 33, and the first airbag abuts against the back of the arc-shaped plate 21 at the corresponding position. Based on the previous embodiment, in this embodiment, when supporting the back of the arc-shaped plate 21, the housing shell 33 itself does not contact the back of the arc-shaped plate 21, but instead supports it through the expansion of the first airbag. Because the arc-shaped plate 21 will deform when it fits against the tunnel wall, the direct abutment of the telescopic shaft end of the second telescopic cylinder 32 against the arc-shaped plate 21 may not be effective, and the automatic deformation of the arc-shaped plate 21 may not fully adapt to the tunnel wall. In this embodiment, the first airbag is flexible and can more easily and flexibly support the back of the arc-shaped plate 21 when inflated, allowing the arc-shaped plate 21 to fit more snugly against the tunnel wall.

[0078] The above embodiment, through the introduction of the first airbag, achieves flexible support for the backside of the curved plate. Compared to rigid support, the expansion of the airbag better adapts to the deformation of the curved plate, ensuring a close fit with the tunnel wall. This also avoids the uneven support issues that can arise from direct contact with the second telescopic cylinder, improving support effectiveness and overall tunnel stability. This flexible support approach not only enhances safety but also provides a more flexible and efficient solution for tunnel construction and maintenance.

[0079] In this embodiment, at the top of the support ring 4, see Figure 5 A second airbag is positioned within the second spacer 52, abutting the backside of the corresponding curved plate 21. Inflation of the second airbag allows the backside of the curved plate 21 to adapt to and abut the tunnel ceiling. This expansion flexibly adapts to the elastic deformation of the curved plate, ensuring a close fit with the tunnel ceiling and enhancing support stability and safety.

[0080] In this embodiment, the mobile vehicle 1 is provided with wheels and a grouting system. The wheels drive the mobile vehicle 1 to move, and the grouting system grouts the rear side of the segment through the grouting holes reserved or newly drilled on the segment. The tunnel segment grouting system mainly includes key components such as a grouting pump, a grouting pipeline, a grouting pipe, a slurry mixer, a liquid storage tank, a material storage equipment, a metering device, and a control device. The grouting pump is responsible for injecting the evenly mixed grouting material into the grouting pipe under high pressure. The grouting pipeline and the grouting pipe ensure that the slurry can be accurately delivered to the rear area of ​​the tunnel segment that needs to be adjusted. The slurry mixer is used in conjunction with the liquid storage tank, the material storage equipment, and the metering equipment to efficiently prepare the grouting material according to the predetermined ratio, ensuring that the performance of the slurry meets the engineering requirements.

[0081] In summary, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art, can produce beneficial technical effects, and has significant progress.

[0082] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical principles disclosed herein are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device, characterized by: The invention comprises a mobile carrier (1) and a support ring (4), wherein the mobile carrier (1) carries the support ring (4) and moves in a tunnel, wherein the support ring (4) comprises at least one group, wherein the axis direction of the support ring (4) is consistent with the axis direction of the tunnel, the outer ring direction of the support ring (4) faces the inner ring surface of the tunnel, and the inner ring side of the support ring (4) is connected to the mobile carrier (1); A support structure is provided on the outer ring side of the support ring (4), the support structure comprising a support plate (2) and an expansion structure (3) provided between the support plate (2) and the support ring (4); when the expansion structure (3) expands, the support plate (2) moves away from the support ring (4) and approaches the inner ring surface of the tunnel; The support ring (4) comprises an inner ring body (40) and a side ring body (41), wherein the inner ring body (40) is located inside the support ring (4) and is fixedly connected to the mobile carrier (1), and the two side ring bodies (41) are connected to both sides of the inner ring body (40), and the inner ring body (40) and the side ring bodies (41) form a groove structure facing the tunnel wall; The expansion structure (3) is arranged in the trough structure, and the support plate (2) is located on the opening side of the trough structure and is driven by the expansion structure (3) to move toward or away from the tunnel wall; On one side of the support ring (4), the support structures are arranged in a circumferential array; On both sides of the support ring (4), the support structures on both sides are symmetrically arranged; The support plate (2) is a sheet-like structure, with one end being a straight plate (20) and the other end being a curved plate (21), one side of the straight plate (20) being fixedly connected to the action end of the expansion structure (3), and one side of the curved plate (21) being inclined with the support ring (4) and extending toward the wall of the tunnel, and the curved plate (21) and the wall of the tunnel having the same curvature direction; On one side of the support ring (4), for two adjacent support structures in the circumferential array, the arc-shaped plate (21) of the support plate (2) on the first support structure is located outside the straight plate (20) of the support plate (2) on the second support structure, but with a first spacing area (51) between them; At the top of the support ring (4), the arc-shaped plates (21) of the support plates (2) of the two support structures are symmetrical about the vertical plane, and a second spacing area (52) is provided between the bottoms of the two arc-shaped plates (21) and the support ring (4); On both sides of the support ring (4), the expansion structure (3) includes a first telescopic device, the first telescopic device including four groups of first telescopic cylinders (31) arranged in parallel, each of the first telescopic cylinders (31) being connected between the inner ring body (40) and the straight plate (20) of the support plate (2) of the same group; On both sides of the support ring (4), the expansion structure (3) further includes a second telescopic device, the second telescopic device including a group of second telescopic cylinders (32), the second telescopic cylinders (32) passing through the straight plate pieces (20) of the support plates (2) of the same group, and then connected between the inner ring body (40) and the arc-shaped plate pieces (21) of another adjacent group of support plates (2).

2. A shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support structures include multiple groups and operate independently of each other to support local areas of the tunnel.

3. The shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second telescopic cylinder (32) is located in the middle area of ​​the four groups of the first telescopic cylinders (31).

4. The shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A box shell (33) with a single-sided opening is provided at the end of the telescopic shaft of the second telescopic cylinder (32). The box shell (33) is located in the first spacing area (51). The opening surface of the box shell (33) faces the back of the arc-shaped plate (21) of the support plate (2). The opening surface of the box shell (33) is also arc-shaped and matches the arc surface trend of the arc-shaped plate (21). The distance between the opening surface of the box shell (33) and the arc-shaped plate (21) is adjusted by the second telescopic cylinder (32); A first airbag is provided in the box shell (33), and the first airbag abuts against the back surface of the arc-shaped plate (21) at a corresponding position.

5. The shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second airbag is provided in the second spacer area (52) at the top of the support ring (4), and the second airbag abuts against the back surface of the arc-shaped plate (21) at the corresponding position.

6. The shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile carrier (1) is provided with wheels and a grouting system. The wheels drive the mobile carrier (1) to move, and the grouting system grouts the rear side of the pipe segment through grouting holes reserved or newly drilled on the pipe segment.

7. A method for adjusting deformation of shield tunnel segment structure, characterized in that: The shield tunnel segment structure deformation adjustment support device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps: Tunnel segment deformation survey: measuring the deformation cross-section (90) of each tunnel section and comparing it with the tunnel design cross-section (91) to determine the deformation of the tunnel segment; Adjusting the deformation of the tunnel segments, based on the results of the tunnel segment deformation survey step, adjusting the deformation at each location, includes the following sub-steps: The mobile carrier (1) carries the support ring (4) to the section to be adjusted; According to the result of the tunnel segment deformation survey step, the tunnel deformation cross section (90), the design cross section (91) and the adjustment target cross section (92) of the section to be adjusted are obtained; The supporting structure of the support ring (4) moves, and the arc-shaped plates (21) of each supporting structure contact the tunnel segments in the corresponding area, that is, they are in a deformed cross-section (90) state; Grouting adjustment: first, inject bentonite slurry into the grouting hole (80) at the top of the tunnel, and then grouting is performed in the grouting holes (81) on one or both sides of the tunnel. During the grouting process, the pipe segment gradually deforms and squeezes the support structure. The support structure gradually shrinks according to the squeezing force to ensure that the squeezing force does not exceed the set value. The grouting stop conditions are: the support structure shrinks to the designed cross-section (91), or the squeezing force converges and stabilizes during the grouting process, or the grouting pressure exceeds 0.5 MPa. When grouting stops, the extrusion pressure of each supporting structure's supporting point is recorded. After grouting stops, the grouting channel is cut off, and each supporting structure maintains support and continues to obtain the extrusion pressure of each supporting point. After the extrusion pressure stabilizes, each supporting structure slowly withdraws the support until the extrusion pressure reaches zero and stops moving. According to the supporting point of each supporting structure or the tunnel section, a new actual tunnel section is obtained. If it meets the adjustment target section (92), the deformation adjustment of the current section segment is terminated; if it does not meet the adjustment target section, the deformation adjustment of the tunnel segment is performed again.

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