Wind power plant site selection method and system based on three-dimensional model

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wind power plants, and provides a wind power plant site selection method and system based on a three-dimensional model, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a three-dimensional model and a plurality of site regions in the three-dimensional model; for each site area, fan type matching is carried out, the maximum fan number and the maximum fan arrangement scheme are determined in combination with the terrain and the wind resource atlas, and the maximum fan arrangement scheme is displayed in the three-dimensional model; and obtaining a fan selected in the three-dimensional model, generating a boundary area based on the position of the selected fan, calculating to obtain a buffer radius according to the terrain and fan distribution condition in the boundary area, and expanding the boundary area based on the buffer radius to obtain an optimal site area. And the accuracy and reliability of wind power plant site selection are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wind farms, and in particular relates to a wind farm site selection method and system based on a three-dimensional model. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Wind farm site selection is a complex system engineering project that requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors, including wind energy resources, topography, land use, environmental impact, etc. For wind farms in complex terrain, site selection is faced with multiple challenges.

[0004] Complex terrain refers to wind farms located in areas with complex terrain such as mountains and hills. Compared with wind farms in plain areas, wind farms in complex terrain face greater challenges in site selection. Uneven distribution of wind resources: Complex terrain will lead to uneven distribution of wind resources and drastic changes in wind speed, which increases the difficulty of site selection. Complex topography: Complex terrain will cause disturbances in the wind flow field, resulting in turbulence, eddies and other phenomena, posing a threat to the safe operation of wind turbines. Complex environmental impacts: The construction of wind farms in complex terrain may have an impact on the ecological environment, and a more stringent environmental impact assessment is required.

[0005] Traditional wind farm site selection methods are mainly based on two-dimensional plane data analysis. Wind resource measurement: Install wind towers at the proposed wind farm to measure wind speed, wind direction and other wind resource data. Topographic analysis: Analyze topographic features through topographic maps, remote sensing images and other data. Land use analysis: Analyze land use types and avoid sensitive areas such as densely populated areas and nature reserves.

[0006] The traditional two-dimensional plane data site selection method has the following limitations in the site selection of wind farms in complex terrain: Difficulty in data acquisition: The terrain is complex and rugged, the installation of wind towers is difficult, and the cost of data acquisition is high; Low analysis accuracy: Two-dimensional plane data cannot fully reflect the detailed information of complex terrain, resulting in inaccurate site selection results; Poor reliability: The setting of the wind farm site area does not take into account the requirements for wind turbine layout, resulting in uncertainty and risk in decision-making. In addition, the site selection is based on a two-dimensional plane. Users cannot observe the combination of terrain conditions and wind turbine distribution conditions, and cannot select wind turbines, making it difficult to optimize the site area based on wind turbines. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides a wind farm site selection method and system based on a three-dimensional model. First, based on the terrain and wind resources, the wind turbines are initially designed in multiple site areas, and the preliminary layout plan is displayed in the three-dimensional model to allow users to select wind turbines. Finally, the wind farm site area is optimized in combination with the terrain conditions and wind turbine distribution conditions, and the terrain characteristics, environmental factors and wind turbine layout requirements are comprehensively considered to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the wind farm site selection.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for selecting a wind farm site based on a three-dimensional model, comprising: obtaining a three-dimensional model and a plurality of site regions in the three-dimensional model; For each site area, matching wind turbine models is performed, and the maximum number of wind turbines and the maximum wind turbine layout scheme are determined in combination with the terrain and wind resource map, and the maximum wind turbine layout scheme is displayed in the three-dimensional model; The wind turbine selected in the three-dimensional model is obtained, and a boundary area is generated based on the location of the selected wind turbine. The buffer radius is calculated according to the terrain and wind turbine distribution in the boundary area, and the boundary area is expanded based on the buffer radius to obtain the optimal site area.

[0009] Furthermore, before matching wind turbine models, the site area is screened; the step of screening the site area includes: based on the geospatial data, wind resource map, land use data, geological structure, terrain undulation and local microclimate of each site area, through a deep learning model, identifying whether each site area is suitable as a wind farm, and screening the site area.

[0010] Furthermore, the steps of performing the initial deployment of the fan include: Based on the terrain within the site area, select locations suitable for wind turbine layout within the site area and determine the wind turbine layout algorithm; Based on the wind resource map in the site area, the dominant wind direction of the site area is obtained, and the arrangement rule parameters are determined based on the dominant wind direction; Based on the model attribute parameters matched with the site area, the fan impeller diameter is extracted, and the arrangement rule parameters are determined based on the fan impeller diameter; Based on the location and arrangement rule parameters of suitable wind turbine layout, the maximum number of wind turbines and the maximum wind turbine layout plan are obtained through the wind turbine arrangement algorithm.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes: selecting a wind tower layout area within the optimal site area.

[0012] Furthermore, the step of selecting the wind tower layout area includes: Based on the topography and wind resource maps at different locations within the site area, select locations suitable for tower placement as candidate tower placement areas; Based on the undulation and slope of the terrain of the candidate Buta areas at different locations, adjust the horizontal distance index of each candidate Buta area; According to the three-dimensional model, the average altitude of the site area is calculated, and the candidate tower area where the difference between the altitude and the average altitude is less than the threshold is used as the optimal wind tower site selection area; After identifying whether the candidate tower layout area is a blocked area, the wind tower layout area is selected according to the priority of the optimal wind tower site selection area and non-blocked area, the non-optimal wind tower site selection area and non-blocked area, the optimal wind tower site selection area and blocked area, and the non-optimal wind tower site selection area and blocked area.

[0013] A second aspect of the present invention provides a wind farm site selection system based on a three-dimensional model, comprising: A data acquisition module is configured to: acquire a three-dimensional model and a plurality of site areas in the three-dimensional model; A wind turbine layout module is configured to: match wind turbine models for each site area, determine the maximum number of wind turbines and the maximum wind turbine layout plan in combination with the terrain and wind resource map, and display the maximum wind turbine layout plan in the three-dimensional model; The site optimization module is configured to: obtain the wind turbine selected in the three-dimensional model, generate a boundary area based on the location of the selected wind turbine, calculate a buffer radius based on the terrain and wind turbine distribution in the boundary area, and expand the boundary area based on the buffer radius to obtain the optimal site area.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a site screening module, which is configured to: screen the site area before matching the wind turbine model; the step of screening the site area includes: based on the geospatial data, wind resource map, land use data, geological structure, terrain undulation and local microclimate of each site area, through a deep learning model, identify whether each site area is suitable as a wind farm, and screen the site area.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a wind tower layout module, which is configured to: select a wind tower layout area within the optimal site area.

[0016] A third aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-mentioned method for selecting a wind farm site based on a three-dimensional model.

[0017] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the steps in the three-dimensional model-based wind farm site selection method as described above are implemented.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a wind farm site selection method based on a three-dimensional model. The method first performs preliminary design of wind turbines in multiple site areas based on the terrain and wind resources, and displays the preliminary layout plan in the three-dimensional model to allow users to select wind turbines. Finally, the wind farm site area is optimized in combination with the terrain conditions and wind turbine distribution conditions, and the terrain characteristics, environmental factors and wind turbine layout requirements are comprehensively considered to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the wind farm site selection.

[0019] The present invention provides a wind farm site selection method based on a three-dimensional model. Through three-dimensional model technology and intelligent algorithms, it can achieve accurate site selection of site division, initial layout of wind turbines and siting of wind towers under complex terrain conditions. It can accurately simulate terrain characteristics and comprehensively consider various restrictive factors, thereby ensuring the accuracy of site selection.

[0020] The present invention provides a wind farm site selection method based on a three-dimensional model, which can provide an optimal site selection plan for wind farm design and construction by comprehensively considering wind resource distribution, terrain characteristics and site conditions. Reasonable site selection can maximize the use of renewable energy resources and improve the power generation efficiency of wind farms, thereby achieving optimal utilization of resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0022] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a wind farm site selection method based on a three-dimensional model according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a flow chart of constructing a three-dimensional model according to the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the preliminary selection of the model in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an overall flow chart of the initial deployment of the fan in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a detailed flow chart of the initial deployment of the fan according to the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a flow chart of further dividing a site according to the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7This is a flow chart of the site selection of a wind tower according to the first embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0025] Embodiment 1 This embodiment provides a wind farm site selection method based on a three-dimensional model.

[0026] The wind farm site selection method based on a three-dimensional model provided in this embodiment has the following advantages compared with the traditional two-dimensional plane data site selection method: strong data integration capability: the three-dimensional model can effectively integrate multi-source data such as wind energy resources, topography, land use, etc., to establish a comprehensive model for the macro-site selection of wind farms, and provide comprehensive data support for site selection; strong analysis capability: based on the three-dimensional model, wind resource simulation and analysis of complex terrain can be carried out to more accurately evaluate the power generation potential of wind farms.

[0027] 3D model technology is a technical means to present geographical environment or objects in the form of 3D space by using computer graphics and geographic information system (GIS) and other technologies. It converts complex geographical information in the real world into a visual 3D model by digitally modeling and processing spatial data of entities such as the surface, terrain, and buildings, thereby achieving accurate expression and simulation of geographic space.

[0028] The key features of 3D modeling technology include the following aspects.

[0029] Accurate geographic element modeling: By digitally modeling complex terrain, landforms and surrounding environment, geographic information is converted into computer-recognizable data. Combined with wind farm planning requirements, wind turbines, roads, booster stations and other facilities are modeled in three dimensions to form a complete three-dimensional model of the wind farm. This precise geographic element modeling provides accurate basic data for wind farm site selection and helps analyze the impact of terrain on the distribution of wind energy resources.

[0030] Comprehensive spatial data processing: Based on geographic information system technology, spatial data is collected, stored, processed and analyzed, and multi-source data such as terrain, wind resources, and land use are integrated and processed to establish a comprehensive information database for wind farms. This includes the integration and processing of multi-source data such as terrain, landforms, and wind energy resource distribution, to achieve accurate description and analysis of complex terrain, and provide a scientific basis for site selection decisions.

[0031] Intuitive visualization: Using computer graphics technology, digitally modeled geographic elements are intuitively displayed on the screen in the form of images. Through the visualization of 3D models, the topography, wind resource distribution, wind turbine layout and other information of wind farms in complex terrain can be intuitively displayed through 3D visualization technology. It also supports multi-angle observation, roaming and interactive operations, making it convenient for users to conduct site selection analysis and program evaluation.

[0032] Real environment simulation and simulation: Based on the three-dimensional model, complex terrain environment simulation and simulation can be carried out, such as wind field simulation, etc. This kind of simulation and simulation can help evaluate the effects and impacts of different site selection schemes in the actual environment and provide a reference for site selection decisions.

[0033] Efficient data integration and interactivity: Provide data interface to support integration with relevant software such as wind farm design, construction, operation and maintenance, and realize data sharing and collaborative work. Support users to interact with the model to perform operations such as parameter setting, scheme comparison, and result analysis, thus improving site selection efficiency and decision-making level.

[0034] This embodiment provides a wind farm site selection method based on a three-dimensional model, such as Figure 1 As shown, it specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Division of wind farm site based on 3D model.

[0035] Wind farm site division is the first step in wind farm site selection. Its goal is to select an area with good wind resource conditions, suitable topography and land use conditions, and lay the foundation for the subsequent initial layout of wind turbines and the site selection of wind towers. Site division in complex terrain requires overcoming challenges such as terrain complexity and uneven distribution of wind resources. 3D model technology can provide more accurate and comprehensive data support to achieve more precise site division.

[0036] Traditional site division mainly relies on data such as two-dimensional images and wind resource maps, and site selection is carried out through manual interpretation and analysis. This method has the following limitations: It cannot intuitively present detailed information on complex terrain, resulting in insufficient site selection accuracy. It is difficult to comprehensively consider the influence of multiple factors, resulting in a less than optimal site selection plan.

[0037] When dividing the site, multiple conditions are comprehensively considered for screening. In addition to the screening of sensitive factors, land type restrictions and wind farm factor restrictions in ordinary scenarios, special conditions of complex terrain, such as geological structure, terrain undulation, local microclimate and other factors, need to be considered to more comprehensively evaluate the suitability of the site. Using high-resolution data elevation model data, combined with remote sensing technologies such as aerial photogrammetry, digital modeling and display of complex terrain can accurately and vividly display the surface terrain features, including mountains, valleys, rivers and terrain undulations, slopes, slope directions and other information. Using three-dimensional modeling technology, the digitally modeled terrain data is presented in the form of images in a three-dimensional scene to achieve an intuitive and visual display of the terrain. Users can freely manipulate the perspective, zoom in and out of the map and other operations through an interactive interface to more intuitively understand the terrain features. Combined with this information, it can assist manual site selection and improve site selection efficiency, and better screen out areas that are not suitable for wind farm layout under complex terrain, optimize site selection and improve site selection efficiency.

[0038] In addition, it also provides intelligent algorithm assistance, combining artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to intelligently analyze and process large amounts of geospatial data. With the assistance of algorithms, it can automatically identify potential suitable site areas, exclude unsuitable areas, and prioritize them, thereby improving site selection efficiency and accuracy.

[0039] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, based on geographic information system technology, multi-source data such as geographic space data (including terrain, etc.), wind resource maps, land use data, etc. are collected, and multi-source data are processed and integrated to form a comprehensive geographic information database, and a three-dimensional model is constructed and displayed; through an interactive interface, users can select multiple site areas by drawing in the three-dimensional model; and the site areas are screened.

[0040] As an implementation method, the step of screening the site area includes: screening the site area through sensitive factor screening, land type restrictions, wind field factor exclusion and existing project restrictions; and considering the special conditions of complex terrain, such as geological structure, terrain undulation, local microclimate and other factors, to screen the site area.

[0041] Sensitive factor screening: In this step, sensitive factors such as environment, ecology, and construction, as well as the scope of the built wind farm site, are screened and checked, and the areas in the preliminary divided site where wind turbines cannot be arranged are eliminated. Based on the vector or raster files of factors such as transportation network, land use, ecological protection area, building, urban development boundary, and permanent basic farmland, these sensitive areas within the large scope of the site are taken as the union to obtain the unusable area of ​​the site. The complement of the site scope and the unusable area is taken to complete the screening of sensitive factors.

[0042] Wind resource condition screening: Based on wind resource data, conduct a comprehensive analysis of the wind speed and wind resource conditions in the site selection area to ensure that the site has sufficient wind energy potential. This includes screening of site wind speed and annual grid-connected hours. Based on the multi-year average wind speed of the site, exclude areas with low wind speeds. Grid-connected hours usually refer to the total number of hours that a wind turbine actually generates electricity and is successfully connected to the grid within a year. It is an important indicator for measuring the operating efficiency and power generation performance of a wind turbine. When screening the grid-connected hours in this step, the system default wind turbine model will be used. Based on the power curve of the wind turbine and combined with wind resource data, the annual grid-connected hours for each point will be calculated, and areas with low grid-connected hours will be excluded.

[0043] Terrain screening: Complex terrain has an important impact on the site selection of wind farms. The undulations of the terrain, geological conditions, and local microclimate may affect the construction, operating efficiency, and safety of wind turbines. By using high-resolution digital elevation data, complex terrain can be digitally modeled and classified in detail, and areas with moderate slopes, gentle terrain, and suitable for wind turbine layout can be extracted for complex terrain areas.

[0044] Through the Geographic Information System (GIS), multi-source data (wind resource maps, land use data, terrain elevation data, etc.) are integrated to form a comprehensive geographic information database. When screening based on these data, the suitability of the site is comprehensively analyzed from different dimensions.

[0045] As another implementation method, the step of screening the site areas includes: based on multi-source data such as the geospatial data, wind resource maps, land use data, geological structure, terrain undulations, local microclimate, etc. of each site area, through a deep learning model, identifying whether each site area is suitable as a wind farm, thereby realizing the screening of the site areas.

[0046] Step 2: Preliminary model selection: Select the recommended models that meet the conditions from the model library.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, for each site area (site range) screened out in step 1, model matching is performed, specifically: the wind condition parameters of the site area (including wind speed, swept area per kilowatt, and corresponding indicators of online hours) are retrieved from the database, and the custom parameters of the fan (including custom impeller diameter, custom single-machine capacity, and custom online hours) are called. Through the fan preliminary selection algorithm, a list of recommended models is obtained and displayed. By default, the first one in the recommended model list is used as the matching model for the site area, or the model manually selected by the user in the recommended model list is accepted as the matching model for the site area, and the matching model attributes are displayed and exported.

[0048] The core of the wind turbine preliminary selection algorithm is to calculate the online hours of different wind turbine models based on the results of site division and the terrain and wind resources within the site, and select the models that meet the expectations for users to choose. The model with the highest online hours is recommended by default.

[0049] Step 3: Initial layout of wind turbines: In the process of macro-site selection for a wind farm, initial layout of wind turbines refers to the stage in which, after the planning area of ​​the wind farm is determined, the preliminary layout and configuration of wind turbines in the planning area are designed and determined based on wind resource data and information such as the selected wind turbine models.

[0050] When initially deploying wind turbines, the number of wind turbines to be deployed must be determined based on the wind resource assessment and the available space in the planning area. The most suitable arrangement of wind turbines should be selected based on the topography and land use of the planning area to maximize the use of wind energy and ensure a safe distance between wind turbines.

[0051] When initially laying out wind turbines in complex terrain, the planning and layout of wind farms can be further improved by combining the application of 3D model technology. Based on 3D model technology, the geographical data, topography, wind resource distribution and other information of complex terrain are digitally modeled and presented in a 3D environment through visualization. Designers can use the intuitiveness and realism of 3D models to visualize and optimize the layout of wind turbines, and have a more intuitive understanding of the layout of wind farms in complex terrain. Fully consider the impact of complex terrain on wind farm layout. Different wind turbine layout strategies and parameter configurations are used for different terrain features, such as mountains and hills. For areas with large terrain undulations, 3D model technology can be used to simulate the terrain contour and optimize the location and height of wind turbines to maximize the use of wind resources and reduce the shielding effect between wind turbines.

[0052] Through 3D modeling technology, we conduct detailed digital modeling of complex terrain and analyze the terrain's undulations, slopes, landforms and other features. Combining terrain features with historical wind energy data, we evaluate and analyze the site's wind resources to determine the feasibility and optimal area for wind turbine layout.

[0053] At the same time, the impact of terrain on wind farm layout is taken into consideration, such as mountains, hills and other terrain features, and locations that are not suitable for wind turbine layout, such as hillsides, are screened out to avoid arranging wind turbines in these locations. This ensures that the layout of wind turbines can maximize the use of wind resources while reducing the shielding effect between wind turbines.

[0054] During the wind turbine layout process, the shielding effect between wind turbines is avoided. By optimizing the position and height of the wind turbines, each wind turbine can be fully affected by wind resources, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency.

[0055] Finally, the optimized wind turbine layout plan is synchronously displayed in the GIS space so that designers can intuitively understand the wind turbine location and layout and make further optimization and adjustments.

[0056] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, for each site area, the specific steps for initial layout of wind turbines include: Step 401, terrain feature analysis. Based on the terrain features in the site area, the influence of the terrain on the wind farm layout is considered, such as mountains, hills and other terrain features, and the locations that are not suitable for wind turbine layout, such as hillsides, are screened out in the site area to avoid arranging wind turbines at these locations; based on the terrain features in the site area, such as mountains, hills, etc., the wind turbine layout strategy (wind turbine arrangement algorithm) is determined; for plain terrain, it is suitable to adopt a "determinant" layout, where the wind turbines are arranged linearly and the wind direction is perpendicular to the wind turbines to reduce the shielding effect of the front row of wind turbines on the rear row of wind turbines. This layout maximizes the use of uniform wind energy and ensures that the interference between wind turbines is minimized; for hilly terrain, it is suitable for a "fan arrangement" strategy, where the wind turbines are deployed in a fan shape to adapt to terrain with large changes in wind direction. This layout can reduce airflow interference between wind turbines and improve power generation efficiency; mountainous terrain is suitable for a "distributed" layout, and the best wind turbine layout point is identified through three-dimensional modeling to avoid strong disturbances in the wind flow due to the influence of the mountain. Emphasis is placed on selecting ridges or slopes with higher wind speeds and ensuring that each wind turbine is least affected by terrain obstruction; Step 402, wind resource assessment. Use wind resource data to analyze the wind direction and wind speed in the field to determine the dominant wind direction and its range of variation. The layout of wind turbines should be adjusted according to the dominant wind direction to ensure that each wind turbine can maximize the capture of wind resources. The second arrangement rule parameter is determined based on the dominant wind direction; when the dominant wind direction is south wind, in a wind farm dominated by south wind, the second arrangement rule parameter is to ensure that the wind turbine row is perpendicular to the wind direction, that is, the wind turbines should be arranged in a north-south direction to ensure that the impeller of each wind turbine can maximize the capture of wind from the south; Step 403: extract the fan impeller diameter based on the machine attribute parameters matched with the site area, and determine the first arrangement rule parameter based on the fan impeller diameter; assuming that the fan impeller diameter is 150 meters, the first arrangement rule parameter will require that the spacing between the fans is about 3-4 times the impeller diameter to reduce the wake effect between the fans, that is, the spacing between each fan should be at least 450-600 meters; Step 404, formulate layout strategy and optimize shielding effect. The second arrangement rule parameter and the first arrangement rule parameter are used as the basic algorithm parameters, combined with other custom parameters set by the user, and the maximum number of wind turbines and the maximum wind turbine layout plan are obtained through the wind turbine arrangement algorithm determined in step 401; in the process of using the wind turbine arrangement algorithm to carry out wind turbine layout, the shielding effect between wind turbines is avoided, and by optimizing the position and height of the wind turbines, each wind turbine can be fully affected by the wind resources, improve the overall power generation efficiency, and obtain the optimized maximum number of wind turbines and the maximum wind turbine layout plan; Step 405: GIS spatial display: The optimized maximum wind turbine layout plan is displayed in a GIS in a three-dimensional model so that designers can intuitively understand the wind turbine location and layout and make further optimization and adjustments.

[0057] Step 5: Further divide the site.

[0058] After the wind turbines are arranged, the site needs to be further divided. In this step, the user first selects the wind turbines to be divided into the same site, and first generates a boundary range based on the location of these wind turbines. Then, the terrain environment will be analyzed in combination with the three-dimensional model, and the buffer radius of the boundary range will be dynamically adjusted according to the terrain conditions of the site and the distribution of surrounding wind turbines. The boundary range generated earlier is based on these buffer radii and expands outward to form the final site.

[0059] In the process of wind farm planning, when further dividing the site, the calculation of boundary area and buffer radius is very important. The calculation of these two can ensure a more reasonable layout of the site, while at the same time avoiding interference between wind turbines to the greatest extent and optimizing the overall wind energy utilization. The following is a detailed description of the specific calculation steps: Specifically, Figure 6 As shown, the wind turbines selected by the user in the three-dimensional model to be divided into the same site area are obtained, and a boundary area is generated based on the location of the selected wind turbines; the buffer radius (buffer radius) is obtained according to the terrain conditions in the boundary area and the distribution of the wind turbines; based on the buffer radius, the boundary range is expanded outward to form the final site area (i.e., the optimal site area), and a GIS spatial display is performed.

[0060] The bounding region is generated by determining the outer boundaries of a set of wind turbine locations selected by the user. This process is based on the convex hull algorithm in geospatial analysis methods. The bounding region is generated by the minimum polygon that encloses a set of given points (i.e. wind turbine locations). In other words, the convex hull is the minimum area that contains all wind turbine locations. The calculation steps are as follows: Get all the wind turbine coordinate point sets selected by the user and ; Use the convex hull algorithm to calculate the minimum outer polygon of these wind turbine coordinates; select the point with the smallest ordinate y in the coordinate set as the initial point. If there are multiple points, select the point with the smallest abscissa x, which is recorded as ; Calculate all other points and The vector composed All points are sorted from small to large according to the angle relative to the horizontal axis to form an ordered sequence. First, connect each point in turn. Each time you connect a point, check whether the direction of the line is counterclockwise. If it is, keep the previous point of the point. Otherwise, remove the previous point and connect it directly to the second point in front. Continue this test until it is counterclockwise or all points have been tested. When all points have been tested, the minimum polygon boundary formed is the convex hull.

[0061] The buffer radius is dynamically calculated based on the distribution density of wind turbines, terrain undulations and other information. It determines the outward expansion range of the boundary area, thus forming the final site boundary. Usually, the calculation of the buffer radius involves the spacing between wind turbines and the impact of terrain.

[0062] The minimum spacing between fans is related to their impeller diameter and is usually set to 3-4 times the impeller diameter. For example, if the impeller diameter of the fan is 150 meters, the minimum spacing should be kept between 450 meters and 600 meters. In the calculation of the buffer radius, an initial value can be set according to the minimum spacing of the fans:

[0063] in, is the initial buffer radius, is the impeller diameter of the fan, A multiple of the spacing.

[0064] When considering the terrain, the buffer radius also needs to be adjusted according to the complexity of the terrain. For terrain with large undulations, the buffer radius should be larger to reduce the interference of the terrain on the wind flow. For example, in mountainous terrain, the undulating terrain may cause the wind speed to decrease, so the buffer distance between wind turbines needs to be increased.

[0065]

[0066] is the adjusted buffer radius, and These are the highest and lowest altitudes in the area, respectively. The maximum operating height difference is set. If the terrain is undulating, the buffer radius will be appropriately increased.

[0067] Based on the buffer radius, the final site area is formed by expanding the boundary area outward. This process is similar to "dilation" of the boundary area. The specific steps are as follows: After calculating the buffer radius r, based on the location of each wind turbine, the boundary area is expanded outward by this radius to generate the optimal boundary area of ​​the site.

[0068] After the final site area is generated, it can be displayed in a 3D model through the GIS system. Designers can further optimize and adjust it according to the site's topographical features, the layout of the wind turbines, and the spatial distribution of the site.

[0069] Step 6: Select the site for the wind tower.

[0070] The site selection of wind towers is an important part of wind farm design. Its goal is to select a suitable location to install wind towers, obtain accurate wind resource data, and provide a basis for the design and construction of wind farms. The site selection of wind towers needs to consider many factors, including terrain, wind resources, land use, environmental impact, etc. Under different terrain conditions, the specific requirements for the site selection of wind towers are different.

[0071] In the process of selecting a site for a wind tower, the following factors should generally be considered: Horizontal distance index: refers to the minimum horizontal range of wind tower observation. When selecting a site for an ordinary wind farm, an empirical index is usually used, that is, the horizontal distance index is 8km for flat terrain, 5km for hilly terrain, and 3km for mountainous terrain. When selecting a site for a wind tower in the traditional way, the staff usually makes a manual judgment on the terrain of the site based on experience or on a topographic map. This method is subjective and limited, and is easily affected by individual experience and subjective factors, which may lead to uncertainty and inaccuracy in site selection decisions.

[0072] Vertical restrictive factors: including elevation centering and terrain shielding. Elevation centering means that the wind tower needs to be arranged in an area with a central altitude in the site. Terrain shielding means that when selecting a site for a wind tower, it is necessary to avoid selecting an area with shielding in the upwind direction. When there is shielding, if the horizontal distance between the shielding point and the selected tower location is more than 15 times the height difference, terrain shielding can be ignored. When considering vertical restrictive factors, the traditional method usually manually divides an eligible area based on the local terrain, and the terrain shielding condition is also roughly estimated on the map based on the height data. This makes site selection less efficient and less accurate.

[0073] In complex terrain conditions, the site selection of wind towers needs to be more cautious, and factors such as terrain slope, terrain undulation, and surface roughness need to be considered. Traditional methods based on experience are difficult to fully consider the impact of complex terrain, resulting in low site selection accuracy and efficiency.

[0074] When selecting a site for a wind tower under complex terrain conditions, three-dimensional modeling technology is used to more accurately evaluate terrain characteristics and wind resource distribution. The terrain of the target area is digitally modeled using three-dimensional modeling technology, including information such as elevation, slope, and terrain undulations. By establishing a real terrain model, the complexity and changes of the terrain can be more intuitively understood. After the introduction of the three-dimensional model, the terrain undulations, geomorphic features, and altitude differences of the site can be accurately reproduced, thereby providing more objective and comprehensive data support for site selection decisions. The system can use this data, combined with professional algorithms and models, to automatically determine the type of terrain, such as flat terrain, hills, or mountains, reducing the impact of human subjective judgment.

[0075] The three-dimensional model technology can accurately reproduce the terrain undulation, geomorphic features and altitude difference of the site. Using these data, the minimum horizontal range of wind tower observation can be dynamically adjusted. In flat terrain areas, the horizontal distance index can be increased to make the layout of wind towers more flexible and reduce the number of wind towers. In complex terrain areas, the horizontal distance index can be dynamically adjusted according to the terrain undulation and slope to meet the site selection requirements. Especially for sites with complex terrain, one area may be flat and another area may be hilly. In this case, the common method will choose the terrain as hilly. In this case, the minimum horizontal observation distance of the wind tower is relatively small, and the area that can be covered by a wind tower will be relatively small. If the requirements for covering wind turbines need to be met, more wind towers need to be arranged. After the introduction of the three-dimensional model, the minimum horizontal observation distance of the wind tower can be dynamically adjusted according to the local terrain to arrange the towers. In flat terrain, the minimum horizontal observation distance of the wind tower is large, so fewer towers can be arranged. In hilly areas, the minimum horizontal observation distance of the wind tower is small, so more towers can be arranged. This can better meet the demand for Buta and reduce the cost of Buta.

[0076] The three-dimensional display and analysis of the terrain through three-dimensional model technology can more accurately evaluate vertical limiting factors such as elevation centering and terrain shielding. According to the digital terrain model, the average altitude of the field area, that is, the center point of the altitude, is calculated. Then, the area with the center of the altitude, that is, the area with an altitude close to the average altitude, is determined as the preferred site selection area for the wind tower. In the three-dimensional model, the undulations of the terrain and the topographic features such as ridges can be accurately simulated. Through the three-dimensional display and analysis of the terrain, potential terrain shielding areas can be identified, that is, terrain obstacles located in the wind direction, such as ridges, slopes or buildings. For the identified terrain shielding areas, the height difference between the shielding area and the selected wind tower location can be accurately calculated based on the elevation data and terrain information. If the height difference exceeds a certain threshold, it can be considered unsuitable for site selection and these areas need to be avoided. Combined with the results of elevation centering and terrain shielding analysis, the site selection plan for the wind tower can be further optimized. The final location of the wind tower is preferably selected in an area with a central elevation and away from terrain obstruction, to ensure that the wind tower can be fully exposed to the wind flow area and obtain accurate wind resource data.

[0077] Through the three-dimensional display and analysis of factors such as terrain undulations, surface coverage, and vegetation distribution, the system can more comprehensively evaluate the suitability of the site and the distribution of wind resources, and filter out some areas that are not suitable for the site selection of wind towers, such as hillsides and valleys, and only retain areas suitable for tower installation, such as mountain tops and ridges. In addition, the three-dimensional model can also combine meteorological data, wind field simulation and other technical means to make more accurate predictions and analyses of wind resources, further screen out areas with rich wind resources, and combine them with the previous areas suitable for tower installation. This can greatly reduce the amount of calculations for subsequent wind tower site selection.

[0078] In summary, the introduction of 3D models can make up for the shortcomings of traditional human judgment methods, improve the accuracy, scientificity and efficiency of wind farm site selection, and provide more reliable technical support for wind farm construction and operation. 3D model technology is used to analyze and visualize terrain, including terrain profiles, terrain curves, etc. Through 3D visualization, the complex features of the terrain can be observed intuitively, and potential terrain obstacles and shielding objects can be identified. And the terrain locations that are not suitable for the layout of wind towers, such as hillsides, are excluded.

[0079] Accurately simulate the vertical characteristics of the terrain in the 3D model, including altitude, mountain undulations, and consider complex terrain factors such as terrain slope, terrain undulations, and surface roughness. By considering vertical restrictive factors, it is possible to avoid selecting a wind tower location that is affected by terrain shielding, ensuring the accuracy of site selection.

[0080] Specifically, for the optimal site area, Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the steps for selecting a site for a wind tower include: Step 601: Based on the terrain at different locations within the site area, some locations that are not suitable for the site selection of wind towers, such as hillsides and valleys, are filtered out, and only locations suitable for tower placement, such as mountain tops and ridges, are retained as candidate tower placement areas; combined with meteorological data, wind field simulation and other technical means, wind resources are more accurately predicted and analyzed, and locations with rich wind resources are further selected as candidate tower placement areas; Step 602: dynamically adjust the horizontal distance index of each candidate puta area based on the undulations and slope of the terrain of the candidate puta areas at different locations; Step 603: Calculate the average altitude of the site area, i.e., the altitude center point, based on the digital terrain model; then, determine the candidate tower area with a central elevation, i.e., the candidate tower area with an altitude close to the average altitude, as the optimal wind tower site selection area; Step 604: Identify whether the candidate tower layout area is a shielding area. Terrain shielding means that when selecting a wind tower site, avoid selecting an area with shielding in the upwind direction, that is, calculate the height difference between the shielding area and the selected wind tower location. If the height difference exceeds a certain threshold, it can be regarded as a shielding area (that is, there is shielding); when there is shielding, if the horizontal distance between the shielding location and the selected tower location is more than 15 times the height difference, the terrain shielding can be ignored (that is, it is no longer considered as a shielding area); Step 605: Select wind tower deployment areas according to the priorities of the optimal wind tower site selection area and the non-shielded area, the non-optimal wind tower site selection area and the non-shielded area, the optimal wind tower site selection area and the shielded area, and the non-optimal wind tower site selection area and the shielded area, so as to ensure that the wind towers can be fully exposed to the wind flow area and obtain accurate wind resource data; Step 606: In the selected wind tower layout area, the wind towers are laid out according to the requirements for covering wind turbines; Step 607: In the three-dimensional model, perform GIS spatial display of the wind tower and perform manual adjustment and confirmation.

[0081] The present embodiment provides a three-dimensional model-based wind farm site selection method, which solves the problems existing in the traditional method and achieves the following beneficial effects: Precise site selection: Through 3D model technology and intelligent algorithms, accurate site selection for site division, initial layout of wind turbines and siting of wind towers under complex terrain conditions can be achieved. It can accurately simulate terrain features and comprehensively consider various restrictive factors to ensure the accuracy and reliability of site selection.

[0082] Resource optimization: By comprehensively considering wind resource distribution, terrain characteristics and site conditions, the optimal site selection plan can be provided for wind farm design and construction. Reasonable site selection can maximize the use of renewable energy resources and improve the power generation efficiency of wind farms, thereby achieving optimal utilization of resources.

[0083] Risk reduction: Comprehensive consideration of terrain features, environmental factors and engineering requirements can avoid selecting unsuitable sites due to terrain restrictions or environmental impacts, reducing the risks in wind farm construction and operation. Visual display and interactive analysis tools can help decision makers fully understand the site selection plan and reduce uncertainty and risks in decision-making.

[0084] Embodiment 2 This embodiment provides a wind farm site selection system based on a three-dimensional model, which specifically includes the following modules: A data acquisition module is configured to: acquire a three-dimensional model and a plurality of site areas in the three-dimensional model; The site screening module is configured to: screen the site area before matching the wind turbine model; the step of screening the site area includes: based on the geospatial data, wind resource map, land use data, geological structure, terrain undulation and local microclimate of each site area, through a deep learning model, identify whether each site area is suitable as a wind farm, and screen the site area; A wind turbine layout module is configured to: match wind turbine models for each site area, determine the maximum number of wind turbines and the maximum wind turbine layout plan in combination with the terrain and wind resource map, and display the maximum wind turbine layout plan in the three-dimensional model; The site optimization module is configured to: obtain the wind turbine selected in the three-dimensional model, generate a boundary area based on the location of the selected wind turbine, calculate a buffer radius based on the terrain and wind turbine distribution in the boundary area, and expand the boundary area based on the buffer radius to obtain the optimal site area.

[0085] The wind tower layout module is configured to select a wind tower layout area within the optimal site area.

[0086] It should be noted here that each module in this embodiment corresponds to each step in Example 1 one by one, and the specific implementation process is the same, which will not be repeated here.

[0087] Embodiment 3 This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the steps in the method for selecting a wind farm site based on a three-dimensional model as described in the first embodiment above are implemented.

[0088] Embodiment 4 This embodiment provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the steps in the three-dimensional model-based wind farm site selection method described in the first embodiment are implemented.

[0089] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. The storage medium can be a disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM) or a random access memory (RAM), etc.

[0090] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind farm site selection method based on a three-dimensional model, characterized in that: include: obtaining a three-dimensional model and a plurality of site regions in the three-dimensional model; For each site area, matching wind turbine models is performed, and the maximum number of wind turbines and the maximum wind turbine layout scheme are determined in combination with the terrain and wind resource map, and the maximum wind turbine layout scheme is displayed in the three-dimensional model; The wind turbine selected in the three-dimensional model is obtained, and a boundary area is generated based on the location of the selected wind turbine. The buffer radius is calculated according to the terrain and wind turbine distribution in the boundary area, and the boundary area is expanded based on the buffer radius to obtain the optimal site area.

2. A wind farm site selection method based on a three-dimensional model as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Before matching wind turbine models, the site area is screened; the step of screening the site area includes: based on the geospatial data, wind resource map, land use data, geological structure, terrain undulation and local microclimate of each site area, through a deep learning model, identifying whether each site area is suitable as a wind farm, and screening the site area.

3. A method for selecting a wind farm site based on a three-dimensional model as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of initially laying out the fan include: Based on the terrain within the site area, select locations suitable for wind turbine layout within the site area and determine the wind turbine layout algorithm; Based on the wind resource map in the site area, the dominant wind direction of the site area is obtained, and the arrangement rule parameters are determined based on the dominant wind direction; Based on the model attribute parameters matched with the site area, the fan impeller diameter is extracted, and the arrangement rule parameters are determined based on the fan impeller diameter; Based on the location and arrangement rule parameters of suitable wind turbine layout, the maximum number of wind turbines and the maximum wind turbine layout plan are obtained through the wind turbine arrangement algorithm.

4. A method for selecting a wind farm site based on a three-dimensional model as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Within the optimal site area, the area for laying out wind towers is selected.

5. A three-dimensional model-based wind farm site selection method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The step of selecting the wind tower layout area includes: Based on the topography and wind resource maps at different locations within the site area, select locations suitable for tower placement as candidate tower placement areas; Based on the undulation and slope of the terrain of the candidate Buta areas at different locations, adjust the horizontal distance index of each candidate Buta area; According to the three-dimensional model, the average altitude of the site area is calculated, and the candidate tower area where the difference between the altitude and the average altitude is less than the threshold is used as the optimal wind tower site selection area; After identifying whether the candidate tower layout area is a blocked area, the wind tower layout area is selected according to the priority of the optimal wind tower site selection area and non-blocked area, the non-optimal wind tower site selection area and non-blocked area, the optimal wind tower site selection area and blocked area, and the non-optimal wind tower site selection area and blocked area.

6. A wind farm site selection system based on a three-dimensional model, characterized in that: include: A data acquisition module is configured to: acquire a three-dimensional model and a plurality of site areas in the three-dimensional model; A wind turbine layout module is configured to: match wind turbine models for each site area, determine the maximum number of wind turbines and the maximum wind turbine layout plan in combination with the terrain and wind resource map, and display the maximum wind turbine layout plan in the three-dimensional model; The site optimization module is configured to: obtain the wind turbine selected in the three-dimensional model, generate a boundary area based on the location of the selected wind turbine, calculate a buffer radius based on the terrain and wind turbine distribution in the boundary area, and expand the boundary area based on the buffer radius to obtain the optimal site area.

7. A three-dimensional model-based wind farm site selection system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a site screening module, which is configured to: screen the site area before matching the wind turbine model; the step of screening the site area includes: based on the geospatial data, wind resource map, land use data, geological structure, terrain undulation and local microclimate of each site area, through a deep learning model, identify whether each site area is suitable as a wind farm, and screen the site area.

8. A wind farm site selection system based on a three-dimensional model as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a wind tower layout module, which is configured to: select a wind tower layout area within the optimal site area.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the steps in a three-dimensional model-based wind farm site selection method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

10. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the steps in the three-dimensional model-based wind farm site selection method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

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