Voltage amplifier and method of manufacturing the same

Abstract

The application provides a voltage amplifier and a preparation method thereof, and can be applied to the technical field of voltage amplifiers. The voltage amplifier method comprises the following steps: a noise matching transformer comprising a primary winding, a secondary winding and a magnetic core, the noise matching transformer being configured with a target number of turns of the primary winding and a target number of turns of the secondary winding, so as to reduce the noise of an active amplifier, the target number of turns of the primary winding being determined according to at least one of a first number of turns and a second number of turns, the target number of turns of the secondary winding being determined according to a signal source resistance, a resistance of the primary winding and a single-turn average resistance of the secondary winding, the primary winding comprising a first tap and a second tap, and the secondary winding comprising a positive tap, a negative tap and a center tap; and the active amplifier is used for amplifying a signal source voltage according to a gain of the active amplifier, and the gain of the active amplifier is determined according to the target number of turns of the primary winding and the target number of turns of the secondary winding.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of voltage amplifiers, and in particular to a voltage amplifier and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous development of space science and technology, the requirements of space technologies such as high-resolution earth observation, deep space exploration and laser communication on the attitude stability and pointing accuracy of the spacecraft payload platform are continuously increasing, but the micro angular vibration disturbance effect of the payload platform is more sensitive, and the payload platform is more easily affected by the micro angular vibration of the space structure.

[0003] Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) angular velocity sensor has the characteristics of low noise, wide frequency band, miniaturization, long service life and the like, and is not sensitive to acceleration impact, and is one of the most direct, effective and reliable sensors for measuring the wide frequency micro angular vibration of the spacecraft payload platform. In the MHD angular velocity sensor, the structural component that can convert the external angular velocity input into a dynamic electromotive force output is called an MHD angular velocity sensing element. The MHD angular velocity sensor is composed of an MHD angular velocity sensing element and a detection circuit. The voltage signal output by the MHD angular velocity sensing element is very weak, in the order of nanovolt.

[0004] In the process of implementing the concept of the present application, the inventors found that due to the influence of noise, the voltage amplifier is difficult to meet the amplification requirements of high signal-to-noise ratio and low distortion for the relatively weak voltage signal in the related art. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a voltage amplifier and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present application, a voltage amplifier is provided, comprising: a noise matching transformer comprising a primary winding, a secondary winding and a magnetic core, the noise matching transformer being configured with a target number of turns of the primary winding and a target number of turns of the secondary winding, so as to reduce noise of an active amplifier, wherein the target number of turns of the primary winding is determined according to at least one of a first number of turns and a second number of turns, the first number of turns being determined according to a signal source resistance, an average resistance per turn of the primary winding and an inductance per turn of the magnetic core, the second number of turns being determined according to the signal source resistance, the average resistance per turn of the primary winding, a magnetic field strength of the magnetic core, an equivalent magnetic path length of the magnetic core and a target input resistance of the voltage amplifier, the target number of turns of the secondary winding being determined according to the signal source resistance, a resistance of the primary winding and an average resistance per turn of the secondary winding, the primary winding comprising a first tap and a second tap, the first tap being connected to a first output terminal of a signal source, the second tap being connected to a second output terminal of the signal source, the secondary winding comprising a positive tap, a negative tap and a center tap, the positive tap and the negative tap being connected to the active amplifier, the center tap being grounded, and the active amplifier being configured to amplify a signal source voltage according to a gain of the active amplifier, wherein the gain of the active amplifier is determined according to the target number of turns of the primary winding and the target number of turns of the secondary winding.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present application, the secondary winding is located outside the primary winding, the primary winding is wound in a single wire and in a continuous manner, and the secondary winding is wound in a double wire and in a parallel manner.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present application, the primary winding and the secondary winding are both wound on the magnetic core using insulated enameled wire.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present application, the active amplifier comprises a first-stage instrument amplifier circuit, a second-stage operational amplifier circuit and an AC / DC feedback circuit, the first-stage instrument amplifier circuit comprising an instrument amplifier integrated circuit, a first resistor and a first capacitor, the second-stage operational amplifier circuit comprising a first operational amplifier, a second resistor and a third resistor, and the AC / DC feedback circuit comprising a second operational amplifier, a fourth resistor and a second capacitor, wherein the second resistor and the third resistor are identical.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present application, the magnetic core has a relative permeability ≥ 10 5 .

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present application, the magnetic core comprises a toroidal core.

[0012] The second aspect of the present application provides a preparation method of a voltage amplifier, comprising: determining a target number of turns of a primary winding according to at least one of a first number of turns and a second number of turns, wherein the first number of turns is determined according to a first preset cutoff frequency, a single-turn inductance of a magnetic core, a signal source resistance and a single-turn average resistance of the primary winding, and the second number of turns is determined according to the signal source resistance, the single-turn average resistance of the primary winding, a magnetic field strength of the magnetic core, an equivalent magnetic path length of the magnetic core and a target input voltage of the voltage amplifier; determining a resistance of the primary winding according to the target number of turns of the primary winding and the single-turn average resistance of the primary winding; determining a target number of turns of a secondary winding according to an equivalent input voltage noise, an equivalent input current noise, the signal source resistance, the resistance of the primary winding and a single-turn average resistance of the secondary winding based on a voltage noise threshold and a current noise threshold; determining a gain of an active amplifier according to a preset overall gain value, the target number of turns of the primary winding and the target number of turns of the secondary winding; and preparing the voltage amplifier according to the signal source resistance, the target number of turns of the primary winding, the target number of turns of the secondary winding and the gain of the active amplifier.

[0013] According to the embodiment of the present application, the preparation method of the voltage amplifier further comprises: determining a resistance value of the first resistance and a capacitance value of the first capacitor according to the second preset cutoff frequency and a first capacitance threshold.

[0014] According to the embodiment of the present application, the preparation method of the voltage amplifier further comprises: determining a resistance value of the fourth resistance and a capacitance value of the second capacitor according to the first preset cutoff frequency and a second capacitance threshold.

[0015] According to the embodiment of the present application, the preparation method of the voltage amplifier further comprises: determining a gain of the first-stage instrument amplifier circuit according to the gain of the active amplifier.

[0016] The voltage amplifier and the preparation method thereof provided by the present application can realize noise reduction of the active amplifier by configuring a target resistance matched with the signal source resistance in the noise matching transformer, and can realize the amplification requirement of high signal-to-noise ratio and low harmonic distortion of the signal source voltage by amplifying the signal source voltage according to the gain of the active amplifier in the case that the noise of the active amplifier is low. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present application taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0018] Figure 1 A circuit diagram of a voltage amplifier according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0019] Figure 2A cross-sectional view of a noise matching transformer according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0020] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of a voltage amplifier according to a further embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0021] Figure 4 A flow chart of a method of manufacturing a voltage amplifier according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood, however, that these descriptions are merely exemplary and are intended to illustrate the scope of the present application, not to limit it. In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present application can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and

[0023] The terms used herein are merely used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. The terms "include" and "have" and the like used herein indicate the presence of the described features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0024] All terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with the context of the present specification, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or excessively formal manner.

[0025] In the case of using expressions similar to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", it is generally construed that the meaning is the same as that of "at least one of A or B; at least one of A or C; at least one of B or C; at least one of A, B, and C; at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", unless otherwise specifically stated.

[0026] In implementing the present application, it was found that in the related art, a payload platform is sensitive to the effect of micro angular vibration disturbance, and is easily affected by micro angular vibration of a space structure. Thus, the micro angular vibration of the space structure limits further improvement in the attitude and pointing control precision of a high-precision spacecraft payload.

[0027] In the prior art, the equivalent input voltage noise of a conventional low-noise active amplifier is less than 10 , and the equivalent input current noise is less than 10 The optimal source resistance is generally in the kilohm range, while the source resistance of an MHD angular velocity sensor element is usually less than 0.5 milliohm. At this time, the noise coefficient of the detection circuit is usually higher than 20dB. Therefore, it cannot meet the high signal-to-noise ratio and low distortion amplification requirements of the output voltage signal of the MHD angular velocity sensor element.

[0028] In view of this, an embodiment of the present invention provides a voltage amplifier, comprising: a noise matching transformer, comprising a primary winding, a secondary winding, and a magnetic core, wherein the noise matching transformer is configured with a target number of turns of the primary winding and a target number of turns of the secondary winding, thereby reducing the noise of the active amplifier, wherein the target number of turns of the primary winding is determined according to at least one of a first number of turns and a second number of turns, the first number of turns being determined according to a signal source resistance, a single-turn average resistance of the primary winding, and a single-turn inductance of the magnetic core, and the second number of turns being determined according to the signal source resistance, the single-turn average resistance of the primary winding, the magnetic field strength of the magnetic core, the equivalent magnetic path length of the magnetic core, and the voltage The target input voltage of the amplifier is determined, the target number of turns of the secondary winding is determined according to the resistance of the signal source, the resistance of the primary winding and the average resistance of a single turn of the secondary winding, the primary winding includes a first tap and a second tap, the first tap is connected to the first output terminal of the signal source, and the second tap is connected to the second output terminal of the signal source, the secondary winding includes a positive tap, a negative tap and a center tap, the positive tap and the negative tap are both connected to the active amplifier, and the center tap is grounded; the active amplifier is used to amplify the signal source voltage according to the gain of the active amplifier, wherein the gain of the active amplifier is determined according to the target number of turns of the primary winding and the target number of turns of the secondary winding.

[0029] Figure 1 FIG. 4 shows a circuit diagram of a voltage amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a noise matching transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the voltage amplifier 100 of this embodiment includes a noise matching transformer 110 and an active amplifier 120 .

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, the noise matching amplifier 110 includes a primary winding 1110, a secondary winding 1120 and a magnetic core 1130. The noise matching transformer is configured with a target number of turns of the primary winding 1110 and a target number of turns of the secondary winding 1120, thereby reducing the noise of the active amplifier.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the active amplifier 120 is configured to amplify the signal source voltage according to a gain of the active amplifier 120 .

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present application, the primary winding 1110 can represent a coil part for obtaining electric energy from a signal source. The primary winding 1110 can be wound in a single wire and in a series manner. The secondary winding 1120 can represent a coil part for realizing transmission of electric energy and conversion of voltage. The secondary winding 1120 can be wound in a double wire and in a parallel manner. The magnetic core 1130 can be made of a soft magnetic material.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present application, the target number of turns of the primary winding 1110 can be determined as at least one of the first number of turns and the second number of turns. In a case where the target number of turns of the primary winding 1110 and the target number of turns of the secondary winding 1120 are determined, the target resistance can be determined.

[0035] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first number of turns can be determined based on a signal source resistance, a single-turn average resistance of the primary winding 1110, and a single-turn inductance of the magnetic core 1130.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present application, a magnetic field strength of the magnetic core can represent a maximum magnetic field strength of an initial linear region of a magnetization curve (B-H curve) of the magnetic core. A target input voltage of the voltage amplifier can represent a maximum input voltage of the voltage amplifier. The second number of turns can be determined based on a signal source resistance, a single-turn average resistance of the primary winding, a magnetic field strength of the magnetic core, an equivalent magnetic path length of the magnetic core, and a target input voltage of the voltage amplifier.

[0037] According to an embodiment of the present application, the target number of turns of the secondary winding 1120 can be determined based on a signal source resistance, a resistance of the primary winding 1110, and a single-turn average resistance of the secondary winding 1120.

[0038] According to an embodiment of the present application, the primary winding 1110 can include a first tap and a second tap, the first tap can be connected to a first output terminal of the signal source through a resistance of the primary winding 1110. The first tap can be connected to the first output terminal of the signal source in a low resistance connection having a resistance of less than 0.1 mΩ. The second tap can be connected to a second output terminal of the signal source, and the second tap can be connected to the second output terminal of the signal source in a low resistance connection having a resistance of less than 0.1 mΩ. The secondary winding 1120 can include a positive tap, a negative tap, and a center tap, the positive tap and the negative tap can be connected to the active amplifier, and the center tap can be grounded. The positive tap can be connected to the active amplifier in a low resistance connection through a first segment resistance of the secondary winding 1120. The negative tap can be connected to the active amplifier in a low resistance connection through a second segment resistance of the secondary winding 1120. The center tap can be grounded in a low resistance connection having a resistance of less than 0.1 Ω.

[0039] According to the embodiment of the present application, in the case of noise matching, the noise figure of the voltage amplifier can be optimized, the impedance matching between the signal source and the amplifier is ensured, thereby reducing the loss and increased noise of the signal in the transmission process.

[0040] According to the embodiment of the present application, the gain of the active amplifier can be determined according to the target number of turns of the primary winding 1110 and the target number of turns of the secondary winding 1120. Based on the gain of the active amplifier, the signal source voltage can be amplified.

[0041] According to the embodiment of the present application, the signal source can be a magneto-hydrodynamic angular velocity sensing element. In the case of the signal source being a magneto-hydrodynamic angular velocity sensing element, the signal source resistance is usually less than 0.5 milliohm.

[0042] According to the embodiment of the present application, by configuring the noise matching transformer with the target number of turns of the primary winding and the target number of turns of the secondary winding, the noise reduction and the harmonic distortion reduction of the active amplifier can be achieved. In the case of the noise and the harmonic distortion of the active amplifier being low, the signal source voltage is amplified according to the gain of the active amplifier, thereby achieving the amplification requirement of the signal source voltage with high signal-to-noise ratio and low harmonic distortion.

[0043] According to the embodiment of the present application, the secondary winding is located outside the primary winding, the primary winding is wound by single wire and the secondary winding is wound by double wire.

[0044] According to the embodiment of the present application, the secondary winding is located outside the primary winding. The primary winding wound by single wire can represent that the winding is performed by a single wire. The primary winding can be wound on the magnetic core by using insulated enameled wire. The single wire winding can reduce the AC impedance of the winding, and also can reduce the proximity effect, thereby reducing the AC loss of the winding, and improving the efficiency of the noise matching transformer. The secondary winding wound by double wire can represent that the winding is performed by two parallel wires. The secondary winding can be wound on the magnetic core by using insulated enameled wire. The double wire winding can increase the current capacity, reduce the resistance, improve the thermal performance, reduce the electromagnetic interference, and the like.

[0045] According to the embodiment of the present application, the primary winding wound by single wire and the secondary winding wound by double wire can reduce the AC loss and the electromagnetic interference, and the primary winding and the secondary winding are wound on the magnetic core by using insulated enameled wire, thereby improving the efficiency of the noise matching transformer.

[0046] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of a voltage amplifier according to another embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0047] As shown in Figure 3 The voltage amplifier 300 includes a noise matching transformer 310 and an active amplifier 320.

[0048] Combine Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the noise matching amplifier 310 may include a primary winding 1110 , a secondary winding 1120 and a magnetic core 1130 . The active amplifier 320 may include a first-stage instrumentation amplifier circuit 3210 , a second-stage operational amplifier circuit 3220 and an AC / DC feedback circuit 3230 .

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the primary winding 310 may include a first tap and a second tap. The first tap may be connected to the primary winding 310 by a resistor Connected to the first output terminal of the signal source. The first tap can realize a low-resistance connection with the first output terminal of the signal source, and the resistance of the low-resistance connection is less than 0.1 milliohms. The second tap can be connected to the second output terminal of the signal source, and the second tap can realize a low-resistance connection with the second output terminal of the signal source, and the connection resistance is less than 0.1 milliohms. The secondary winding 1120 may include a positive tap, a negative tap and a center tap, and the positive tap and the negative tap are both connected to the active amplifier, and the center tap is grounded. The positive tap is connected to the first resistor of the secondary winding 1120. A low-resistance connection is achieved with the active amplifier, and the negative tap passes through the second resistor of the secondary winding 1120 A low-impedance connection is made to the active amplifier with the center tap connected to ground. The resistance of the low-impedance connection is less than 0.1 ohms.

[0050] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first-stage instrumentation amplifier circuit 3210 may include an instrumentation amplifier integrated circuit (REF), a first resistor R1, and a first capacitor C1. The second-stage operational amplifier circuit 3220 may include a first operational amplifier (OP-AMP1), a second resistor R2, and a third resistor R3. The AC / DC feedback circuit 3230 may include a second operational amplifier (OP-AMP2), a fourth resistor R4, and a second capacitor C2. The second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 may be identical.

[0051] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the equivalent input voltage noise of the first stage instrument amplifier circuit 3210 is less than 10 , the equivalent input current noise is less than 10 The gain of the active amplifier can be determined according to the gain of the first-stage instrumentation amplifier circuit 3210 and the gain of the second-stage operational amplifier circuit 3220 .

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first capacitor C1 and the first resistor R1 can constitute a low-pass filter. The second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 can be metal film resistors. The second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 can be two identical resistors. The second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 can be connected in phase. The first operational amplifier OP-AMP1 can be a low-noise operational amplifier. The second operational amplifier OP-AMP2 can be a low-input-offset operational amplifier. The fourth resistor R4 can be a metal film resistor. The second capacitor C2 can be a ceramic capacitor.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present application, the relative permeability of the magnetic core is ≥10 5 .

[0054] According to an embodiment of the present application, the relative permeability of the magnetic core can represent the ratio of the permeability of the magnetic core material to the permeability of vacuum. The magnetic core with a higher relative permeability can improve the magnetic performance and working effect of the noise matching transformer, thereby improving the working effect of the voltage amplifier.

[0055] According to an embodiment of the present application, the magnetic core includes a toroidal magnetic core.

[0056] According to an embodiment of the present application, the magnetic core can include a toroidal magnetic core, and the toroidal magnetic core has a relatively large relative permeability. The toroidal magnetic core can be suitable for high-permeability and low-loss applications, has different permeability and characteristics, is suitable for different working frequencies and environmental conditions, and the toroidal magnetic core also helps to reduce the interference of external magnetic fields.

[0057] Based on the above voltage amplifier, the present application further provides a preparation method of the voltage amplifier.

[0058] Figure 4 A flowchart of the preparation method of the voltage amplifier according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0059] As Figure 4 shown, the preparation method 400 of the voltage amplifier includes operations S410-S450.

[0060] In operation S410, a target number of turns of the primary winding is determined according to at least one of the first number of turns and the second number of turns.

[0061] In operation S420, a resistance of the primary winding is determined according to the target number of turns of the primary winding and the average resistance of a single turn of the primary winding.

[0062] In operation S430, a target number of turns of the secondary winding is determined according to the equivalent input voltage noise, the equivalent input current noise, the resistance of the signal source, the resistance of the primary winding, and the average resistance of a single turn of the secondary winding, based on the voltage noise threshold and the current noise threshold.

[0063] At operation S440, a gain of the active amplifier is determined according to the preset overall gain value, the target number of turns of the primary winding, and the target number of turns of the secondary winding.

[0064] At operation S450, the voltage amplifier is prepared according to the signal source resistance, the target number of turns of the primary winding, the target number of turns of the secondary winding, and the gain of the active amplifier.

[0065] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first preset cutoff frequency can represent a low frequency cutoff frequency corresponding to a -3dB point on an amplitude-frequency characteristic curve. The first number of turns can be determined according to the first preset cutoff frequency, a single-turn inductance of the magnetic core, the signal source resistance, and a single-turn average resistance of the primary winding. The second number of turns can be determined according to the signal source resistance, the single-turn average resistance of the primary winding, a magnetic field strength of the magnetic core, an equivalent magnetic path length of the magnetic core, and a target input voltage of the voltage amplifier.

[0066] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first number of turns can be determined according to the first preset cutoff frequency, a single-turn inductance of the magnetic core, the signal source resistance, and a single-turn average resistance of the primary winding. The first number of turns is calculated as shown in the following formula (1).

[0067] (1)

[0068] wherein, the first preset cutoff frequency is represented by f0, a single-turn inductance of the magnetic core is represented by L, the signal source resistance is represented by R, and the single-turn average resistance of the primary winding is represented by Ravg.

[0069] According to an embodiment of the present application, the magnetic field strength of the magnetic core can represent a maximum magnetic field strength of an initial linear region of a magnetization curve (referred to as a B-H curve) of the magnetic core. The target input voltage of the voltage amplifier can represent a maximum input voltage of the voltage amplifier. The amplitude of the target input voltage of the voltage amplifier can be determined according to the target input voltage of the voltage amplifier. The second number of turns can be determined according to the signal source resistance, the single-turn average resistance of the primary winding, the magnetic field strength of the magnetic core, the equivalent magnetic path length of the magnetic core, and the amplitude of the target input voltage of the voltage amplifier. The second number of turns is calculated as shown in the following formula (2).

[0070] (2)

[0071] wherein, the amplitude of the target input voltage of the voltage amplifier is represented by V, the magnetic field strength of the magnetic core is represented by B, and the equivalent magnetic path length of the magnetic core is represented by l.

[0072] According to an embodiment of the present application, the target number of turns of the primary winding can be determined as at least one of the first number of turns and the second number of turns, in the case that the first number of turns is greater than the second number of turns, the first number of turns can be determined as the target number of turns of the primary winding, and in the case that the second number of turns is greater than the first number of turns, the second number of turns can be determined as the target number of turns of the primary winding. The higher the second number of turns, the smaller the harmonic distortion of the voltage amplifier.

[0073] According to an embodiment of the present application, the resistance of the primary winding can be determined according to the target number of turns of the primary winding and the average resistance of a single turn of the primary winding, the resistance of the primary winding is calculated as shown in the following formula (3).

[0074] (3)

[0075] wherein, the target number of turns of the primary winding is represented.

[0076] According to an embodiment of the present application, the voltage noise threshold value can represent a threshold value of the equivalent input voltage noise, for example, the voltage noise threshold value can be 10 . The current noise threshold value can represent a threshold value of the equivalent input current noise, for example, the current noise threshold value can be 10 . Based on the voltage noise threshold value and the current noise threshold value, the target number of turns of the secondary winding can be determined according to the equivalent input voltage noise, the equivalent input current noise, the resistance of the signal source, the resistance of the primary winding and the average resistance of a single turn of the secondary winding, the target number of turns of the secondary winding is calculated as shown in the following formula (4).

[0077] (4)

[0078] wherein, , the ratio of the total equivalent resistance of the primary circuit of the noise matching transformer to the square of the target number of turns of the primary winding is represented, , the target resistance of the active amplifier is represented, the average resistance of a single turn of the secondary winding is represented, the equivalent input voltage noise is represented, the equivalent input current noise is represented.

[0079] According to an embodiment of the present application, the preset overall gain value can represent an overall gain value of the voltage amplifier set according to requirements.

[0080] According to an embodiment of the present application, the gain of the active amplifier can be determined according to the preset overall gain value, the target number of turns of the primary winding and the target number of turns of the secondary winding, the gain of the active amplifier The calculation is as follows formula (5).

[0081] (5)

[0082] wherein, represents a preset overall gain value.

[0083] According to the embodiment of the present application, the voltage amplifier can be prepared according to the signal source resistance, the target number of turns of the primary winding, the target number of turns of the secondary winding, and the gain of the active amplifier, so as to realize the voltage amplifier with high gain, low loss, and low harmonic distortion.

[0084] According to the embodiment of the present application, the number of turns of the primary winding, the resistance of the primary winding, and the gain of the active amplifier can be determined according to the known parameters, and the voltage amplifier with high gain, low loss, and low harmonic distortion can be prepared based on the number of turns of the primary winding, the resistance of the primary winding, and the gain of the active amplifier, so as to simplify the design difficulty of the voltage amplifier and reduce the research and development preparation period of the voltage amplifier.

[0085] According to the embodiment of the present application, the preparation method of the voltage amplifier further comprises: determining the resistance value of the first resistance and the capacitance value of the first capacitor according to the second preset cutoff frequency and the first capacitor threshold.

[0086] According to the embodiment of the present application, the second preset cutoff frequency can represent the high-frequency cutoff frequency corresponding to the -3dB point on the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve. The resistance value of the first resistance and the capacitance value of the first capacitor can be determined according to the second preset cutoff frequency and the first capacitor threshold.

[0087] According to the embodiment of the present application, the first resistance can be a resistance-capacitance low-pass filter resistance, and the resistance value of the first resistance can be half of the resistance value of the second resistance, i.e., The first capacitor threshold can be determined according to the following formula (6).

[0088] (6)

[0089] wherein, represents the second preset cutoff frequency, represents the first resistance, represents the first capacitor.

[0090] According to the embodiment of the present application, the preparation method of the voltage amplifier further comprises: determining the resistance value of the fourth resistance and the capacitance value of the second capacitor according to the first preset cutoff frequency and the second capacitor threshold.

[0091] According to the embodiment of the present application, the resistance of the fourth resistor and the capacitance of the second capacitor can be determined according to the first preset cutoff frequency and the second capacitance threshold. The second capacitor can be a feedback capacitor. The fourth resistor can be an AC / DC feedback resistor. The second capacitance threshold can be less than or equal to 2.2 Based on the second capacitance threshold and the first preset cutoff frequency, the resistance of the fourth resistor and the capacitance of the second capacitor can be determined by using the following formula (7).

[0092] (7)

[0093] wherein, represents the fourth resistor, represents the second capacitor.

[0094] According to the embodiment of the present application, the resistance of the fourth resistor and the capacitance of the second capacitor can include multiple values as long as the above formula (7) and the second capacitance threshold are satisfied. For example, the second capacitor can be 2.2 .

[0095] According to the embodiment of the present application, the preparation method of the voltage amplifier further comprises: determining the gain of the first-stage instrument amplification circuit according to the gain of the active amplifier.

[0096] According to the embodiment of the present application, in the case that the gain of the active amplifier is determined, the gain of the first-stage instrument amplification circuit can be determined according to the following formula (8) .

[0097] (8)

[0098] wherein, represents the gain of the active amplifier.

[0099] According to the embodiment of the present application, the voltage amplifier prepared according to the parameters such as the signal source resistance, the target number of turns of the primary winding, the target number of turns of the secondary winding, and the gain of the active amplifier can be suitable for amplifying the voltage signal source in a low source impedance (below 1Ω) and a wide frequency band (1Hz~100kHz) with ultra-low noise (noise coefficient less than 3dB). And the voltage amplifier can also amplify the signal source voltage with optimal signal-to-noise ratio and low harmonic distortion, and is especially suitable for amplifying the weak output voltage signal of the MHD angular velocity sensor element.

[0100] According to the embodiment of the present application, the signal source resistance, the target number of turns of the primary winding, the target number of turns of the secondary winding, the gain of the active amplifier, the resistance of the first resistor, and the capacitance of the first capacitor can be determined simply and effectively, so that the preparation of the voltage amplifier is carried out based on the parameters, thereby reducing the design difficulty and preparation period of the voltage amplifier.

[0101] The computer program product of the present application can be a computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium and a computer program mechanism embedded in the computer readable storage medium. Such computer program product can further include a computer readable storage medium and program means for causing a processor or other programmable processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the computer program mechanism embedded in the computer readable storage medium can be used to actually effect the apparatus functions specified by the included computer program means. In general, the computer program product of the present application can be implemented as a stand-alone application or as part of another computer program product.

[0102] Those skilled in the art can understand that the features described in various embodiments and / or claims of the present application can be combined or / and integrated, even if such combinations or integrations are not explicitly described in the present application. In particular, the features described in various embodiments and / or claims of the present application can be combined and / or integrated in various combinations, without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present application. All these combinations and / or integrations are within the scope of the present application.

[0103] The above describes the embodiments of the present application. However, these embodiments are merely for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Although each embodiment is described above separately, this does not mean that the measures in each embodiment cannot be used advantageously in combination. The scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Those skilled in the art can make various substitutions and modifications without departing from the scope of the present application, and all these substitutions and modifications shall fall within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A voltage amplifier, characterized by, The application relates to a noise matching transformer, which comprises a primary winding, a secondary winding and a magnetic core, and is configured with target turns of the primary winding and target turns of the secondary winding, so as to reduce the noise of an active amplifier, wherein the target turns of the primary winding are determined according to at least one of first turns and second turns, the first turns are determined according to a signal source resistance, single-turn average resistance of the primary winding and single-turn inductance of the magnetic core, the second turns are determined according to the signal source resistance, single-turn average resistance of the primary winding, magnetic field strength of the magnetic core, equivalent magnetic path length of the magnetic core and target input voltage of a voltage amplifier, the target turns of the secondary winding are determined according to the signal source resistance, resistance of the primary winding and single-turn average resistance of the secondary winding, the primary winding comprises a first tap and a second tap, the first tap is connected with a first output end of a signal source, the second tap is connected with a second output end of the signal source, the secondary winding comprises a positive tap, a negative tap and a center tap, the positive tap and the negative tap are connected with the active amplifier, and the center tap is grounded. The active amplifier is used for amplifying the signal source voltage according to the gain of the active amplifier, wherein the gain of the active amplifier is determined according to the target turns of the primary winding and the target turns of the secondary winding. wherein the first number of turns is calculated as follows equation (1); （1） wherein, represents a first preset cutoff frequency, represents a single-turn inductance of the magnetic core, represents a signal source resistance, represents a single-turn average resistance of the primary winding; Second number of turns The calculation is as follows equation (2); （2） wherein represents the amplitude of the target input voltage of the voltage amplifier, represents the magnetic field strength of the magnetic core, represents the equivalent magnetic path length of the magnetic core; Target number of turns of the secondary winding is calculated as follows equation (4); （4） wherein , represents the ratio of the total equivalent resistance of the primary circuit of the noise matching transformer to the target number of turns of the primary winding, , represents the target resistance of the active amplifier, represents the average resistance of a single turn of the secondary winding, represents the equivalent input voltage noise, represents the equivalent input current noise, represents the target number of turns of the primary winding; The secondary winding is located outside the primary winding, the primary winding is wound in a single-line and in-order mode, and the secondary winding is wound in a double-line and in-parallel mode.

2. The voltage amplifier of claim 1, wherein, The primary winding and the secondary winding are both wound on the magnetic core by using insulated enameled wire.

3. The voltage amplifier of claim 2, wherein, The active amplifier comprises a first-stage instrument amplification circuit, a second-stage operational amplification circuit and an AC / DC feedback circuit, the first-stage instrument amplification circuit comprises an instrument amplifier integrated circuit, a first resistor and a first capacitor, the second-stage operational amplification circuit comprises a first operational amplifier, a second resistor and a third resistor, and the AC / DC feedback circuit comprises a second operational amplifier, a fourth resistor and a second capacitor, wherein the second resistor and the third resistor are the same.

4. The voltage amplifier of claim 1, wherein, The magnetic core comprises a ring-shaped magnetic core.

5. The voltage amplifier of claim 1, wherein, The relative permeability of the magnetic core is ≥ 10 5 .

6. The voltage amplifier of claim 5, wherein, The target turns of the primary winding are determined according to at least one of first turns and second turns, wherein the first turns are determined according to a first preset cutoff frequency, single-turn inductance of a magnetic core, a signal source resistance and single-turn average resistance of the primary winding, and the second turns are determined according to the signal source resistance, the single-turn average resistance of the primary winding, magnetic field strength of the magnetic core, equivalent magnetic path length of the magnetic core and target input voltage of a voltage amplifier; 7. A method of fabricating a voltage amplifier, characterized by, The resistance of the primary winding is determined according to the target turns of the primary winding and the single-turn average resistance of the primary winding; The target turns of the secondary winding are determined according to equivalent input voltage noise, equivalent input current noise, the signal source resistance, the resistance of the primary winding and single-turn average resistance of the secondary winding based on voltage noise threshold and current noise threshold. ​ ​ wherein the first number of turns is calculated as follows equation (1); （1） wherein, represents a first preset cutoff frequency, represents a single-turn inductance of the magnetic core, represents a signal source resistance, represents a single-turn average resistance of the primary winding; Second number of turns The calculation is as follows equation (2); （2） wherein represents the amplitude of the target input voltage of the voltage amplifier, represents the magnetic field strength of the magnetic core, represents the equivalent magnetic path length of the magnetic core; Target number of turns of the secondary winding is calculated as follows equation (4); （4） wherein , represents the ratio of the total equivalent resistance of the primary circuit of the noise matching transformer to the target number of turns of the primary winding, , represents the target resistance of the active amplifier, represents the average resistance of a single turn of the secondary winding, represents the equivalent input voltage noise, represents the equivalent input current noise, represents the target number of turns of the primary winding; determining a gain of an active amplifier according to the preset overall gain value, the target number of turns of the primary winding and the target number of turns of the secondary winding; preparing the voltage amplifier according to the signal source resistance, the target number of turns of the primary winding, the target number of turns of the secondary winding and the gain of the active amplifier.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, Further comprising: determining the resistance of the first resistor and the capacitance of the first capacitor according to the second preset cutoff frequency and the first capacitance threshold.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein, Further comprising: determining the resistance of the fourth resistor and the capacitance of the second capacitor according to the first preset cutoff frequency and the second capacitance threshold.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein, Further comprising: determining the gain of the first-stage instrument amplifier circuit according to the gain of the active amplifier.

Images