Line spacing self-adaptive corn harvester header

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and discloses a line spacing self-adaptive corn harvester header, which comprises a rack, an auger, dividers, a header side protection cover, an ear picking device and an ear picking device protection cover. Two groups of ear picking devices are mounted on the plane of the rack at equal intervals, each group of ear picking devices are connected through a chain wheel coupling, a seedling pulling device is mounted above the front part of each ear picking device, and a cutting device is mounted below the front part of each ear picking device. By designing the seedling pulling device, forced feeding can be achieved, so that the harvesting range is enlarged, and finally the purpose of line spacing self-adaption corn harvesting is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a corn harvester header with adaptive row spacing. Background Art

[0002] In different regions, due to differences in geographical location, climate, soil, rainfall, sunlight and other conditions, the row spacing of corn planting in different regions is different, which directly affects the development of corn harvesting mechanization. Even in the same region, there will be different row spacing problems due to different planting patterns. For example, the "Lishu Model" planting technology adopted by Lishu County, Siping City, Jilin Province adopts two different planting patterns: uniform rows and wide and narrow rows. However, there is no corn harvester header that can meet the harvesting needs of both planting patterns at the same time. At present, most common corn harvester headers are fixed row spacing headers, which have poor adaptability to different corn row spacings.

[0003] In order to improve the adaptability of the row spacing of the corn harvester header, we proposed a row spacing adaptive corn harvester header, which can expand the feeding range during corn harvesting to improve the adaptability of the row spacing of the corn harvester header. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a corn harvester header with self-adaptive row spacing. A corn harvester header with self-adaptive row spacing comprises: a frame, an auger, a straw divider, a side protection cover of the header, an ear picking device, and a protective cover of the ear picking device. The specific structure is as follows: the frame is provided with a first bearing hole and is connected to a pulley through a bearing, the auger is connected to the frame through a bearing passing through a second bearing hole on the frame, the side protection cover of the header is respectively connected to the frame and the straw divider through a pin shaft, the ear picking device is fixed to a crossbeam of the frame by bolts, and the protective cover of the ear picking device is connected to the ear picking device by bolts.

[0005] The ear picking device is provided with a reel-pulling tensioning wheel assembly and an ear picking unit assembly, and the reel-pulling tensioning wheel assembly and the ear picking unit assembly are connected via a bearing.

[0006] The reel tensioning wheel assembly comprises: a reel wheel barrel, a sprocket shaft, a large sprocket, a chain plate, a bearing, a sprocket sleeve, a fixed knife, a telescopic shaft, a movable knife, a locking nut, a top screw, and a reel wheel. The specific structure is as follows: the sprocket shaft is the main body, the upper end of the sprocket shaft is sleeved with a reel wheel barrel and fixed by a top screw; the middle of the sprocket shaft is fixed by a bearing, a sprocket sleeve, a large sprocket and a chain plate; holes are opened below the chain plate, above the telescopic shaft and above the fixed knife, and are fixed to the lower end of the sprocket shaft by a top screw; the bearing and the locking nut fix the movable knife below the telescopic shaft; and the reel wheel is welded to the upper end of the reel wheel barrel.

[0007] The ear picking unit assembly includes: a gear box, a small sprocket, a rice chain, an inclined fixed plate seat, a sprocket tensioning mechanism, an adaptive adjustment plate, a grass guide plate, an ear picking roller, and an ear picking unit frame. Its specific structure is: the ear picking unit frame is the main body, and the gear box is arranged at the rear end of the ear picking unit frame, which is connected and fixed to the ear picking unit frame by bolt connection; the small sprocket is fixed to the gear box by bolt connection; the inclined fixed plate seat, the adaptive adjustment plate, and the grass guide plate are respectively connected to the ear picking unit frame by bolts; the sprocket tensioning mechanism is fixed to the corresponding position of the ear picking unit frame by welding.

[0008] The reel barrel is provided with a hole with a thread tapped therein, and a top screw is passed through the hole to fix the reel barrel on the sprocket shaft. The position of the top screw fixed on the sprocket shaft is adjusted so that the position of the reel barrel on the sprocket shaft can be adjusted.

[0009] Holes are provided below the chain plate, above the telescopic shaft and above the fixed knife, and threads are tapped in the holes. The chain plate, the telescopic shaft and the fixed knife are fixed to the lower end of the sprocket shaft by passing a top screw through the holes. The height of the fixed knife and the telescopic shaft from the ground can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the hole where the top screw is located.

[0010] The reel at the upper end of the reel barrel is evenly distributed with a plurality of reel fingers, and the flatness projection shape of the side surface of the reel fingers on the reel is a curve, and the curve equation is:

[0011] y=5.005x 6 -1.592x 5 +1.863x 4 -9.863x 3 +2.534x 2 -3.281x+11.17,

[0012] x∈(-10.13,108.43);

[0013] The plane where the curve is located is the upper plane of the reel at the upper end of the reel barrel, its coordinate origin is the point where the center of the reel is located, the positive direction of the x-axis is the forward direction of the harvester, and the positive direction of the y-axis is the direction of the x-axis rotated 90° clockwise around the coordinate origin.

[0014] The projection shape of the side surface of the lower blade of the fixed knife on the plane where the lower blade of the fixed knife is located is a curve, and the curve equation is:

[0015]

[0016] The plane where the curve is located is the plane where the bottom surface of the lower blade of the fixed knife (511) is located, the coordinate origin is the point where the center of the circular hole on the bottom surface of the lower blade of the fixed knife is located, the positive direction of the x-axis is the forward direction of the harvester, and the positive direction of the y-axis is the direction of the x-axis rotated 90° clockwise around the coordinate origin.

[0017] The projection shape of the side surface of the moving knife on the plane where the bottom surface of the moving knife is located is a curve, and the curve equation is:

[0018] y=-0.39x 3 +7.79x 2 -49x+157, x∈(90.96,145.87);

[0019] The plane where the curve is located is the plane where the bottom surface of the moving knife is located, and its coordinate origin is the center point of the circular hole on the bottom surface of the moving knife. The positive direction of the x-axis is the forward direction of the harvester, and the positive direction of the y-axis is the positive direction of the x-axis rotated 90° clockwise around the coordinate origin.

[0020] The row spacing of corns that can be harvested by the self-adaptive corn harvester header is 300 mm to 900 mm.

[0021] The ear picking roller receives power through gear transmission, and the ratio of the number of teeth of the driving gear to that of the driven gear is 1:1.7; a small sprocket is installed on the gear box, and the small sprocket drives the reed chain to rotate, and the other end of the reed chain is mounted on the large sprocket, and the ratio of the number of teeth of the small sprocket to that of the large sprocket is 1:2; the large sprocket drives the sprocket shaft to rotate, and the sprocket shaft drives the reed wheel barrel to rotate coaxially with the moving knife.

[0022] Compared with the background technology and the prior art, the present invention provides a row spacing adaptive corn harvester header, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The row spacing adaptive corn harvester of the present invention adopts the synchronous movement of the reel wheel and the reel chain. The reel chain and the reel wheel respectively reel at the lower and upper parts of the crop at the same time. Since the upper and lower parts are both limited, the center of gravity of the crop is stable, which plays a role in limiting the movement trajectory of the crop. At this time, the crop movement is controllable and the function of forced feeding is realized; the forced feeding function of the reel wheel allows the crops to be re-divided into rows before entering the stem pulling roller of the harvesting table. Combined with the function of the reel divider, it effectively overcomes the problem of knocking down corn plants and affecting harvesting because the fixed row spacing harvesting table does not correspond to the corn planting row spacing, thereby realizing functions such as row spacing adaptive harvesting, harvesting in any direction, and harvesting by turning.

[0024] 2. The reel barrel and the fixed knife of the present invention can both be adjusted in height, so that the reel height can be adjusted and the straw cutting length can be adjusted to meet different operation requirements.

[0025] 3. The reel at the upper end of the reel barrel of the present invention is evenly distributed with a plurality of reel fingers, and the curve equation of the projection shape of the side surface of the reel finger on the plane of the reel is:

[0026] y=5.005x 6 -1.592x 5+1.863x 4 -9.863x 3 +2.534x 2 -3.281x+11.17,

[0027] x∈(-10.13,108.43);

[0028] The design of this equation is based on the force analysis of the straw under the action of the plowing fingers, so that the straw does not leave its working range at any position after the plowing fingers contact it, which can realize the gathering and collection of crops during the plowing process, effectively realize the function of crop feeding, and complete row spacing adaptive harvesting.

[0029] 4. The cutting table of the present invention is equipped with a straw cutting function. The fixed knife and the movable knife cooperate to work. The projection shape of the side of the blade at the lower end of the fixed knife on the plane where the bottom surface of the blade at the lower end of the fixed knife is located is a curve, and the curve equation is:

[0030]

[0031] The projection shape of the side of the moving knife on the plane where the bottom of the moving knife is located is a curve, and the curve equation is:

[0032] y=-0.39x 3 +7.79x 2 -49x+157,x∈(90.96,145.87);

[0033] The design of the moving and fixed blade curves ensures that when the straw is cut at any position, it is subjected to the optimal cutting force rather than squeezing, so that the blade can cut the corn straw quickly, making the cut section smoother, and working synchronously with the reel barrel, which is more conducive to feeding the crop into the stem pulling roller and completing the row spacing adaptive harvesting operation.

[0034] 5. The harvesting table of the present invention can realize the corn harvesting operation with a planting row spacing of 300mm to 900mm, and solves the harvesting problem of inconsistent row spacing caused by different planting patterns in different regions. For example, the planting row spacing in Henan is 500mm to 900mm; the planting row spacing in Shandong is 400mm to 800mm; the planting row spacing in Northeast China is 300mm to 900mm, etc., which is suitable for different planting row spacings in China and meets the corn harvesting operation requirements of various regions.

[0035] 6. The ear-picking roller of the present invention receives power through gear transmission, and the ratio of the number of teeth of the driving gear to that of the driven gear is 1:1.7; a small sprocket is installed on the gear box, and the small sprocket drives the reed chain to rotate, and the other end of the reed chain is sleeved on the large sprocket, and the ratio of the number of teeth of the small sprocket to that of the large sprocket is 1:2. The large sprocket rotates coaxially with the reed wheel barrel and the moving knife; the transmission ratio can adjust the rotation speed of each component, enhance the stability of the transmission system, and make each component work within the optimal rotation speed range, avoiding the problems of wear and energy loss caused by too high rotation speed or low operation efficiency caused by too low rotation speed; the transmission ratio can make the various components cooperate with each other, complete the harvest of crops in sequence and order, and avoid the problems of straw blockage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional picture of the header of the row spacing adaptive corn harvester;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional picture of the rack;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional picture of the ear picking device;

[0039] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the reed-throwing tension wheel assembly;

[0040] Figure 5 This is the overall component analysis diagram of the reed-throwing tensioning wheel;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the ear picking unit;

[0042] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of harvesting corn plants with a row spacing of 300 mm;

[0043] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of harvesting corn plants with a row spacing of 600 mm;

[0044] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of harvesting corn plants with a row spacing of 900 mm;

[0045] In the figure: 1, frame; 2, auger; 3, crop divider; 4, side protection cover of header; 5, ear picking device; 6, ear picking device protection cover; 7, pulley; 11, bearing hole 1; 12, bearing hole 2; 13, crossbeam; 51, crop tensioning wheel assembly; 52, crop picking unit assembly; 511, crop wheel barrel; 512, sprocket shaft; 513, large sprocket; 514, chain plate; 515, bearing; 51 6. Sprocket sleeve; 517. Fixed knife; 518. Telescopic shaft; 519. Moving knife; 5110. Locking nut; 5111. Top screw; 5112. Reed wheel; 521. Gear box; 522. Small sprocket; 523. Reed chain; 524. Inclined fixed plate seat; 525. Sprocket tensioning mechanism; 526. Self-adaptive adjustment plate; 527. Grass guide plate; 528. Ear picking roller; 529. Ear picking unit frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0047] Please refer to the attached Figure 1-9 The present invention provides a corn harvester with adaptive row spacing. The device is optimized and improved on the basis of the existing corn harvester, and the adaptive row spacing corn harvesting and straw cutting and returning to the field operation are realized. The adaptive row spacing corn harvester with adaptive row spacing mainly includes: a frame 1, an augers 2, a straw divider 3, a side protection cover 4 of the harvester, an ear picking device 5, an ear picking device protection cover 6, and a pulley 7. The main frame of the present invention is a frame 1, and a pulley 7 is provided at the rear side of the frame 1, and the pulley 7 is driven to rotate by the power provided by the engine; a sprocket is provided on the left side of the frame 1, which is used to connect the pulley 7 with the gear box 522 at the rear side of the ear picking device 5; the pulley 7 drives the sprocket to rotate and transmit power to the ear picking device 5, and each group of ear picking devices 5 are equidistantly arranged on the plane of the frame 1 and connected by a coupling; at the same time, a sprocket is provided on the right side of the frame 1, which connects the gear box 522 at the rear side of the ear picking device 5 and the augers 2, and the gear box 522 drives the sprocket to rotate and transmit power to the augers 2.

[0048] The ear picking device 5 is divided into two working units: a straw-pulling tensioning wheel assembly 51 and an ear-pulling unit assembly 52; a large sprocket 514 is installed on the straw-pulling tensioning wheel assembly 51, and the large sprocket 514 is connected to a small sprocket 523 on the ear-pulling unit assembly 52 through a straw-pulling chain 523; a sprocket tensioning mechanism 525 is fixed on the ear-pulling unit assembly 52, and the sprocket tensioning mechanism 525 is fixed to the sprocket plate 514 on the straw-pulling tensioning wheel assembly 51 through bolts.

[0049] The gear box 522 is connected to the ear picking roller 528 and the small sprocket 523 gears respectively. The gear box 522 provides power to drive the ear picking roller 528 and the small sprocket 523 to rotate. The small sprocket 523 drives the large sprocket 514 to rotate through the rice-moving chain 523. The ear picking operation is completed under the joint action of the ear picking roller 528 and the rice-moving chain 523.

[0050] The large sprocket 514 is fixed on the sprocket shaft 512 and drives the sprocket shaft 512 to rotate coaxially; the reel barrel 511 and the movable knife 517 are both fixed on the sprocket shaft 512 and rotate with the rotation of the reel; the reel wheel 5112 is fixed on the reel barrel 511 and rotates during operation to complete the reeling operation; the fixed knife 517 is fixed on the chain plate 514 and cooperates with the movable knife 517 to complete the cutting operation.

[0051] The header of a corn harvester with adaptive row spacing of the present invention is located at the front end of the corn harvester. The distance between each group of ear picking devices in the present invention is 600 mm. Next, the working process of the adaptive row spacing harvesting of the present invention will be described by taking the harvesting of corn with planting row spacings of 300 mm, 600 mm and 900 mm as an example:

[0052] When harvesting corn plants with a row spacing of 300 mm, Figure 7 As shown, along the advancing direction of the corn harvester, the corn plants in rows A and B will enter the harvesting range of the ear picking device 5 on the left. Along the top-down viewing direction, as the inner reel wheel I rotates clockwise, the corn plants in row A will be forced into the gap between the two ear picking rollers 528 under the action of the reel fingers. Figure 7 As shown, along the top-down viewing direction, as the inner reel II rotates counterclockwise, the corn plants in row B will be forced into the gap between the two ear-picking rollers 528 under the action of the reel fingers, completing the forced feeding and then completing the corn ear picking work. Figure 7 As shown, along the forward direction of the corn harvester, the corn plants in rows C and D will enter the harvesting range of the ear picking device 5 on the right. Along the top-down viewing direction, as the inner reel III rotates clockwise, the corn plants in row C will be forced into the gap between the two ear picking rollers 528. Figure 7 As shown, along the top-down viewing direction, as the inner reel IV rotates counterclockwise, the corn plants in the D-row will be forced into the gap between the two ear picking rollers 528, thereby completing the corn ear picking work.

[0053] When harvesting corn plants with a row spacing of 600 mm, Figure 8As shown, along the forward direction of the corn harvester, the corn plants in rows A and B will enter the center lines of the ear picking devices 5 on the left and right sides respectively, that is, enter the gap between the two ear picking rollers 528, and then complete the picking of corn ears.

[0054] When harvesting corn plants with a row spacing of 900 mm, Fig. 9 As shown, along the advancing direction of the corn harvester, the corn plants in row A and row B will enter the harvesting range of the ear picking device 5 on the left and right sides respectively. Along the top-down observation direction, as the inner reel wheel I rotates clockwise, the corn plants in row A will be forced into the gap between the two ear picking rollers 528 under the action of the reel fingers. Fig. 9 As shown, along the top-down viewing direction, as the inner reel wheel IV rotates counterclockwise, the corn plants in row B will be forced into the gap between the two ear picking rollers 528 by the action of the reel fingers, thereby completing the corn ear picking work.

[0055] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A corn harvester header with adaptive row spacing, characterized in that: The cutting platform comprises: a frame (1), an agitator (2), a grain divider (3), a side protection cover (4) of the cutting platform, an ear picking device (5), an ear picking device protection cover (6), and a pulley (7). The specific structure is as follows: the frame (1) is provided with a first bearing hole (11) and is connected to the pulley (7) through a bearing; the agitator (2) is connected to the frame (1) through a second bearing hole (12) on the frame (1); the side protection cover (4) of the cutting platform is respectively connected to the frame (1) and the grain divider (3) through a pin shaft; the ear picking device (5) is fixed to a crossbeam (13) of the frame (1) through bolts; and the ear picking device protection cover (6) is connected to the ear picking device (5) through bolts.

2. The row spacing adaptive corn harvester header according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ear picking device is provided with a reel tensioning wheel assembly (51) and an ear picking unit assembly (52), wherein the reel tensioning wheel assembly (51) and the ear picking unit assembly (52) are connected via a bearing; the reel tensioning wheel assembly (51) comprises: a reel wheel barrel (511), a sprocket shaft (512), a large sprocket (513), a chain plate (514), a bearing (515), a sprocket sleeve (516), a fixed knife (517), a telescopic shaft (518), a movable knife (519), a locking nut (5110), a top screw (5111), a reel (5112), the specific structure is as follows: the sprocket shaft (512) is the main body, the upper end of the sprocket shaft (512) is sleeved with a reel barrel (511), and is fixed by a top screw (5111); the middle of the sprocket shaft (512) is fixed by a bearing (515), a sprocket sleeve (516), a large sprocket (513) and a chain plate (514); holes are opened below the chain plate (514), above the telescopic shaft (518) and above the fixed knife (517), and are fixed to the lower end of the sprocket shaft (512) by a top screw (5111); the bearing (515) is fixed to the lower end of the sprocket shaft (512) by a top screw (5111); The movable blade (519) is fixed below the telescopic shaft (518) by using a gear box (521), a small sprocket (522), a reel chain (523), an inclined fixed plate seat (524), a sprocket tensioning mechanism (525), an adaptive adjustment plate (526), ​​a grass guide plate (527), an ear picking roller (528), and an ear picking unit frame (529). The specific structure of the ear picking unit frame (529) is as follows: The frame (529) is the main body, and a gear box (521) is arranged at the rear end of the ear picking unit frame (529), which is connected and fixed to the ear picking unit frame (529) by bolt connection; the small sprocket (522) is fixed to the gear box (521) by bolt connection; the inclined fixed plate seat (524), the adaptive adjustment plate (526), ​​and the grass guide plate (527) are respectively connected to the ear picking unit frame (529) by bolts; and the sprocket tensioning mechanism (525) is fixed to the ear picking unit frame (529) by welding.

3. The row spacing adaptive corn harvester header according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reel barrel (511) is provided with a hole, and the hole is threaded. A top screw (5111) passes through the hole to fix the reel barrel (511) on the sprocket shaft (512).

4. The row spacing adaptive corn harvester header according to claim 1, characterized in that: Holes are provided below the chain plate (514), above the telescopic shaft (518) and above the fixed knife (517), and the chain plate (514), the telescopic shaft (518) and the fixed knife (517) are fixed to the lower end of the sprocket shaft (512) by passing a top screw (5111) through the holes.

5. The row spacing adaptive corn harvester header according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of reel fingers are evenly distributed on the reel wheel (5112) at the upper end of the reel wheel barrel (511), and the projection shape of the side surface of the reel finger on the plane of the reel wheel (5112) is a curve, and the curve equation is: y=5.005x 6 -1.592x 5 +1.863x 4 -9.863x 3 +2.534x 2 -3.281x+11.17, x∈(-10.13,108.43)； The plane where the curve is located is the upper plane of the reel (5112) installed on the upper end of the reel barrel (511), the coordinate origin is the point where the center of the reel (5112) is located, the positive direction of the x-axis is the forward direction of the harvester, and the positive direction of the y-axis is the direction of the x-axis rotated 90° clockwise around the coordinate origin.

6. The row spacing adaptive corn harvester header according to claim 1, characterized in that: The projection shape of the side surface of the lower blade of the fixed knife (517) on the plane where the bottom surface of the lower blade of the fixed knife (517) is located is a curve, and the equation of the curve is: The plane where the curve is located is the plane where the bottom surface of the blade at the lower end of the fixed knife (517) is located, the coordinate origin is the point where the center of the circular hole on the bottom surface of the blade at the lower end of the fixed knife (517) is located, the positive direction of the x-axis is the forward direction of the harvester, and the positive direction of the y-axis is the direction of the positive direction of the x-axis rotated 90° clockwise around the coordinate origin.

7. The row spacing adaptive corn harvester header according to claim 1, characterized in that: The projection shape of the side surface of the movable knife (519) on the plane where the bottom surface of the movable knife (519) is located is a curve, and the curve equation is: <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">y = -0.39x<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 3 <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> +7.79x<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 2 <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> -49x+157,x∈(90.96,145.87); The plane where the curve is located is the plane where the bottom surface of the movable knife (519) is located, and its coordinate origin is the point where the center of the circular hole on the bottom surface of the movable knife (519) is located. The positive direction of the x-axis is the forward direction of the harvester, and the positive direction of the y-axis is the direction of the x-axis rotated 90° clockwise around the coordinate origin.

8. The row spacing adaptive corn harvester header according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between each group of ear picking devices (5) on the header of the row spacing adaptive corn harvester is 600 mm.

9. The row spacing adaptive corn harvester header according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ear picking roller (528) receives power through gear transmission, and the ratio of the number of teeth of the driving gear to that of the driven gear is 1:1.7; a small sprocket (522) is installed on the gear box (521), and the small sprocket (522) drives the reed chain (523) to rotate, and the other end of the reed chain (523) is sleeved on the large sprocket (513), and the ratio of the number of teeth of the small sprocket (522) to that of the large sprocket (513) is 1:2; the large sprocket (513) drives the sprocket shaft (512) to rotate, and the sprocket shaft (512) drives the reed wheel barrel (511) and the movable knife (519) to rotate coaxially.

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