A corn harvester header with adaptive row spacing

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology and discloses a corn harvester header with adaptive row spacing. The header comprises a frame, an auger, a straw divider, a header side shield, an ear-picking device, and an ear-picking device shield. Two sets of ear-picking devices are equidistantly mounted on the frame plane, each connected by a sprocket coupling. A straw-picking device is mounted above the front of each ear-picking device, and a cutting device is mounted below. The straw-picking device is designed to achieve forced feeding, thereby expanding the harvesting range and ultimately achieving the purpose of adaptive row spacing corn harvesting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a corn harvester header with adaptive row spacing. Background Art

[0002] Differences in geographical location, climate, soil, rainfall, and sunlight conditions lead to varying corn row spacings in different regions, directly impacting the development of corn harvesting mechanization. Even within the same region, varying row spacings can arise due to varying planting patterns. For example, the "Lishu Model" planting technique employed in Lishu County, Siping City, Jilin Province, utilizes both uniform and wide-narrow row planting patterns. However, a corn harvester header that can accommodate both has yet to be developed. Currently, most common corn harvester headers are fixed-row headers, which have limited adaptability to varying corn row spacings.

[0003] In order to improve the adaptability of the row spacing of the corn harvester header, we proposed a row spacing adaptive corn harvester header, which can expand the feeding range during corn harvesting to improve the adaptability of the row spacing of the corn harvester header. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a corn harvester header with adaptive row spacing. The header comprises a frame, an auger, a straw divider, a header side protective cover, an ear picking device, and an ear picking device protective cover. The specific structure is as follows: the frame has a first bearing hole connected to a pulley via a bearing; the auger passes through a second bearing hole on the frame and is connected to the frame; the header side protective cover is respectively connected to the frame and the straw divider via pins; the ear picking device is fixed to a crossbeam of the frame via bolts; and the ear picking device protective cover is connected to the ear picking device via bolts.

[0005] The ear picking device is provided with a reel tensioning wheel assembly and an ear picking unit assembly, and the reel tensioning wheel assembly and the ear picking unit assembly are connected through a bearing.

[0006] The reel tensioner assembly includes: a reel barrel, a sprocket shaft, a large sprocket, a chain plate, a bearing, a sprocket sleeve, a fixed blade, a telescopic shaft, a movable blade, a locking nut, a top screw, and a reel. Its specific structure is as follows: the sprocket shaft is the main body, the upper end of the sprocket shaft is sleeved with the reel barrel and fixed by a top screw; the middle of the sprocket shaft is fixed by a bearing, a sprocket sleeve, a large sprocket and the chain plate; holes are opened below the chain plate, above the telescopic shaft and above the fixed blade, and are fixed to the lower end of the sprocket shaft by a top screw; the bearing and the locking nut fix the movable blade below the telescopic shaft; and the reel is welded to the upper end of the reel barrel.

[0007] The ear picking unit assembly includes: a gear box, a small sprocket, a plowing chain, an inclined fixed plate seat, a sprocket tensioning mechanism, an adaptive adjustment plate, a grass guide plate, an ear picking roller, and an ear picking unit frame. Its specific structure is: the ear picking unit frame is the main body, and a gear box is arranged at the rear end of the ear picking unit frame, which is connected and fixed to the ear picking unit frame by bolt connection; the small sprocket is fixed to the gear box by bolt connection; the inclined fixed plate seat, the adaptive adjustment plate, and the grass guide plate are respectively connected to the ear picking unit frame by bolts; the sprocket tensioning mechanism is fixed to the corresponding position of the ear picking unit frame by welding.

[0008] The reel barrel is provided with a hole with a thread tapped in the hole, and a top screw is passed through the hole to fix the reel barrel on the sprocket shaft. The position of the reel barrel on the sprocket shaft can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the top screw fixed on the sprocket shaft.

[0009] Holes are provided below the chain plate, above the telescopic shaft and above the fixed knife, and threads are tapped in the holes. A top screw is passed through the holes to fix the chain plate, the telescopic shaft and the fixed knife to the lower end of the sprocket shaft. The height of the fixed knife and the telescopic shaft from the ground can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the hole where the top screw is located.

[0010] The reel at the upper end of the reel barrel is evenly distributed with a plurality of reel fingers, and the flatness projection shape of the side surfaces of the reel fingers on the reel is a curve, and the curve equation is:

[0011] y=5.005x 6 -1.592x 5 +1.863x 4 -9.863x 3 +2.534x 2 -3.281x+11.17,

[0012] x∈(-10.13,108.43);

[0013] The plane where the curve is located is the upper plane of the reel at the upper end of the reel barrel, its coordinate origin is the center of the reel, the positive direction of the x-axis is the forward direction of the harvester, and the positive direction of the y-axis is the direction of the x-axis rotated 90° clockwise around the coordinate origin.

[0014] The projection shape of the side surface of the lower blade of the fixed knife on the plane where the lower blade of the fixed knife is located is a curve, and the curve equation is:

[0015]

[0016] The plane where the curve is located is the plane where the bottom surface of the lower blade of the fixed knife (511) is located, the coordinate origin is the point where the center of the circular hole on the bottom surface of the lower blade of the fixed knife is located, the positive direction of the x-axis is the forward direction of the harvester, and the positive direction of the y-axis is the direction of the x-axis rotated 90° clockwise around the coordinate origin.

[0017] The projection shape of the side surface of the movable knife on the plane where the bottom surface of the movable knife is located is a curve, and the curve equation is:

[0018] y=-0.39x 3 +7.79x 2 -49x+157, x∈(90.96,145.87);

[0019] The plane where the curve is located is the plane where the bottom surface of the movable knife is located, and its coordinate origin is the center point of the circular hole on the bottom surface of the movable knife. The positive direction of the x-axis is the forward direction of the harvester, and the positive direction of the y-axis is the positive direction of the x-axis rotated 90° clockwise around the coordinate origin.

[0020] The corn planting row spacing that can be harvested by the row-spacing adaptive corn harvester header is 300 mm to 900 mm.

[0021] The ear picking roller receives power through gear transmission, and the ratio of the number of teeth of the driving gear to that of the driven gear is 1:1.7; a small sprocket is installed on the gear box, and the small sprocket drives the reel chain to rotate, and the other end of the reel chain is sleeved on the large sprocket, and the ratio of the number of teeth of the small sprocket to that of the large sprocket is 1:2; the large sprocket drives the sprocket shaft to rotate, and the sprocket shaft drives the reel barrel and the movable knife to rotate coaxially.

[0022] Compared with the background technology and the prior art, the present invention provides a corn harvester header with adaptive row spacing, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The row-spacing adaptive corn harvester header of the present invention adopts the synchronous movement of the reel wheel and the reel chain. The reel chain and the reel wheel respectively plow the crops at the lower and upper parts at the same time. Since the upper and lower parts are both limited, the center of gravity of the crops is stable, which plays a role in limiting the movement trajectory of the crops. At this time, the crop movement is controllable and the function of forced feeding is realized; the forced feeding function of the reel wheel enables the crops to be re-separated into rows before entering the stem pulling roller of the header. Combined with the function of the reel divider, it effectively overcomes the problem of corn plants being knocked down and affecting harvesting because the fixed row spacing header does not correspond to the corn planting row spacing, thereby realizing functions such as row-spacing adaptive harvesting, harvesting in any direction, and harvesting by turning.

[0024] 2. The reel barrel and the fixed knife of the present invention can both be adjusted in height, so that the reeling height and the straw cutting length can be adjusted to meet different operation requirements.

[0025] 3. The reel at the upper end of the reel barrel of the present invention has a plurality of reel fingers evenly distributed thereon. The curve equation of the projection shape of the side surfaces of the reel fingers on the plane of the reel is:

[0026] y=5.005x 6 -1.592x 5+1.863x 4 -9.863x 3 +2.534x 2 -3.281x+11.17,

[0027] x∈(-10.13,108.43);

[0028] The design of this equation is based on the force analysis of the straw under the action of the plowing fingers, so that the straw does not leave its working range at any position after the plowing fingers contact it. It can gather and collect the crops during the plowing process, effectively realize the function of crop feeding, and complete row-spacing adaptive harvesting.

[0029] 4. The cutting platform of the present invention is equipped with a straw cutting function. The fixed blade and the movable blade work together. The projection shape of the side surface of the lower blade of the fixed blade on the plane where the bottom surface of the lower blade of the fixed blade is located is a curve. The curve equation is:

[0030]

[0031] The projection of the side of the moving knife on the plane where the bottom of the moving knife is located is a curve, and the curve equation is:

[0032] y=-0.39x 3 +7.79x 2 -49x+157,x∈(90.96,145.87);

[0033] The design of the moving and fixed blade curves ensures that the straw is subjected to the optimal cutting force rather than squeezing when being cut at any position, enabling the blade to quickly cut the corn straw, making the cut cross-section smoother, and working synchronously with the reel barrel, which is more conducive to feeding the crop into the stalk pulling roller and completing the row spacing adaptive harvesting operation.

[0034] 5. The harvesting platform of the present invention can realize the corn harvesting operation with a planting row spacing of 300mm to 900mm, solving the harvesting problem of inconsistent row spacing caused by different planting patterns in different regions. For example, the planting row spacing in Henan is 500mm to 900mm; the planting row spacing in Shandong is 400mm to 800mm; the planting row spacing in Northeast China is 300mm to 900mm, etc. It adapts to different planting row spacings in China and meets the corn harvesting operation requirements of various regions.

[0035] 6. The ear-picking roller of the present invention receives power via a gear transmission, with the ratio of the number of teeth of the driving gear to the driven gear being 1:1.7. A small sprocket is mounted on the gearbox, driving a reel chain. The other end of the reel chain is mounted on a large sprocket, with the ratio of the number of teeth of the small sprocket to the large sprocket being 1:2. The large sprocket rotates coaxially with the reel barrel and the moving blade. This transmission ratio adjusts the speed of each component, enhancing the stability of the transmission system and ensuring that each component operates within the optimal speed range, avoiding wear and energy loss caused by excessively high speeds or low operating efficiency caused by excessively low speeds. This transmission ratio ensures that each component cooperates with each other, completing crop harvesting in an orderly manner and avoiding problems such as straw clogging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional image of the header of a row-spacing adaptive corn harvester;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the rack;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the ear picking device;

[0039] Figure 4 This is the exploded view of the reed-throwing tensioner assembly;

[0040] Figure 5 This is the overall exploded diagram of the reed-pulling tensioner;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the ear picking unit;

[0042] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of corn plants planted for harvesting with a row spacing of 300 mm;

[0043] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of corn plants planted for harvesting with a row spacing of 600 mm;

[0044] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of corn plants planted for harvesting with a row spacing of 900 mm;

[0045] Figure: 1, frame; 2, auger; 3, crop divider; 4, side protection cover of header; 5, ear picking device; 6, ear picking device protection cover; 7, pulley; 11, bearing hole 1; 12, bearing hole 2; 13, crossbeam; 51, reel tensioning wheel assembly; 52, reel picking unit assembly; 511, reel wheel barrel; 512, sprocket shaft; 513, large sprocket; 514, chain plate; 515, bearing; 51 6. Sprocket sleeve; 517. Fixed knife; 518. Telescopic shaft; 519. Moving knife; 5110. Locking nut; 5111. Top screw; 5112. Reed wheel; 521. Gear box; 522. Small sprocket; 523. Reed chain; 524. Inclined fixed plate seat; 525. Sprocket tensioning mechanism; 526. Adaptive adjustment plate; 527. Grass guide plate; 528. Ear picking roller; 529. Ear picking unit frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Please see the attached Figure 1-9 The present invention provides a corn harvester header with adaptive row spacing. Based on the existing corn harvester, the header has been optimized and improved to achieve adaptive row spacing corn harvesting and straw cutting and returning to the field operations. The header mainly includes: a frame 1, an augers 2, a straw divider 3, a header side protection cover 4, an ear picking device 5, an ear picking device protection cover 6, and a pulley 7. The main frame of the present invention is the frame 1. A pulley 7 is provided on the rear side of the frame 1. The pulley 7 is driven by the power provided by the engine to rotate. A sprocket is provided on the left side of the frame 1 to connect the pulley 7 with the gear box 522 on the rear side of the ear picking device 5. The pulley 7 drives the sprocket to rotate and transmit power to the ear picking device 5. Each group of ear picking devices 5 is equidistantly arranged on the plane of the frame 1 and connected by a coupling. At the same time, a sprocket is provided on the right side of the frame 1 to connect the gear box 522 on the rear side of the ear picking device 5 and the augers 2. The gear box 522 drives the sprocket to rotate and transmit power to the augers 2.

[0048] The ear picking device 5 is divided into two working units: a straw-pulling tensioning wheel assembly 51 and an ear-pulling unit assembly 52; a large sprocket 514 is installed on the straw-pulling tensioning wheel assembly 51, and the large sprocket 514 is connected to the small sprocket 523 on the ear-pulling unit assembly 52 through a straw-pulling chain 523; a sprocket tensioning mechanism 525 is fixed on the ear-pulling unit assembly 52, and the sprocket tensioning mechanism 525 is fixed to the sprocket plate 514 on the straw-pulling tensioning wheel assembly 51 through bolts.

[0049] The gear box 522 is connected to the ear picking roller 528 and the small sprocket 523 respectively. The gear box 522 provides power to drive the ear picking roller 528 and the small sprocket 523 to rotate. The small sprocket 523 drives the large sprocket 514 to rotate through the rice-moving chain 523. The ear picking operation is completed under the joint action of the ear picking roller 528 and the rice-moving chain 523.

[0050] The large sprocket 514 is fixed on the sprocket shaft 512 and drives the sprocket shaft 512 to rotate coaxially; the reel barrel 511 and the movable knife 517 are both fixed on the sprocket shaft 512 and rotate as it rotates; the reel 5112 is fixed on the reel barrel 511 and rotates during operation to complete the reeling operation; the fixed knife 517 is fixed on the chain plate 514 and cooperates with the movable knife 517 to complete the cutting operation.

[0051] The present invention relates to a corn harvester with adaptive row spacing. The header is located at the front end of the corn harvester. The distance between each group of ear picking devices is 600 mm. Next, the working process of the present invention for adaptive row spacing harvesting will be described by taking the harvesting of corn with planting row spacings of 300 mm, 600 mm, and 900 mm as an example:

[0052] When harvesting corn plants with a row spacing of 300 mm, Figure 7 As shown, along the forward direction of the corn harvester, the corn plants in rows A and B will enter the harvesting range of the ear picking device 5 on the left. Along the top-down viewing direction, as the inner reel wheel I rotates clockwise, the corn plants in row A will be forced into the gap between the two ear picking rollers 528 by the action of the reel fingers. Figure 7 As shown, along the top-down viewing direction, as the inner reel II rotates counterclockwise, the corn plants in row B will be forced into the gap between the two ear-picking rollers 528 under the action of the reel fingers, completing the forced feeding and then completing the corn ear picking work. Figure 7 As shown, along the forward direction of the corn harvester, the corn plants in rows C and D will enter the harvesting range of the ear picking device 5 on the right. Along the top-down viewing direction, as the inner reel III rotates clockwise, the corn plants in row C will be forced into the gap between the two ear picking rollers 528. Figure 7 As shown, along the top-down viewing direction, as the inner reel IV rotates counterclockwise, the corn plants in the D-row will be forced into the gap between the two ear picking rollers 528, thereby completing the corn ear picking work.

[0053] When harvesting corn plants with a row spacing of 600 mm, Figure 8As shown, along the forward direction of the corn harvester, the corn plants in rows A and B will enter the center lines of the ear picking devices 5 on the left and right sides respectively, that is, enter the gap between the two ear picking rollers 528, and then complete the corn ear picking work.

[0054] When harvesting corn plants with a row spacing of 900 mm, Figure 9 As shown, along the forward direction of the corn harvester, the corn plants in rows A and B will enter the harvesting range of the ear picking device 5 on the left and right sides respectively. From the top-down observation direction, as the inner reel wheel I rotates clockwise, the corn plants in row A will be forced into the gap between the two ear picking rollers 528 by the action of the reel fingers. Figure 9 As shown, along the top-down viewing direction, as the inner reel IV rotates counterclockwise, the corn plants in row B will be forced into the gap between the two ear picking rollers 528 under the action of the reel fingers, thereby completing the corn ear picking work.

[0055] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A corn harvester header with adaptive row spacing, characterized in that: The cutting platform comprises: a frame (1), an agitator (2), a grain divider (3), a side protection cover of the cutting platform (4), an ear picking device (5), an ear picking device protection cover (6), and a pulley (7). The specific structure is as follows: the frame (1) is provided with a first bearing hole (11) and is connected to the pulley (7) through a bearing; the agitator (2) is connected to the frame (1) through a bearing passing through a second bearing hole (12) on the frame (1); the side protection cover of the cutting platform (4) is respectively connected to the frame (1) and the grain divider (3) through a pin shaft; the ear picking device (5) is fixed to the crossbeam (13) of the frame (1) by bolts; and the ear picking device protection cover (6) is connected to the ear picking device (5) by bolts; The ear picking device (5) is provided with a reel tensioning wheel assembly (51) and an ear picking unit assembly (52), wherein the reel tensioning wheel assembly (51) and the ear picking unit assembly (52) are connected via a bearing; the reel tensioning wheel assembly (51) comprises: a reel barrel (511), a sprocket shaft (512), a large sprocket (513), a chain plate (514), a bearing (515), a sprocket sleeve (516), a fixed knife (517), a telescopic shaft (518), a movable knife (519), a locking nut (5110), a top screw (5111), The reel (5112) has the following specific structure: the sprocket shaft (512) is the main body, the upper end of the sprocket shaft (512) is sleeved with a reel barrel (511), and is fixed by a top screw (5111); the middle of the sprocket shaft (512) is fixed by a bearing (515), a sprocket sleeve (516), a large sprocket (513) and a chain plate (514); holes are opened below the chain plate (514), above the telescopic shaft (518) and above the fixed knife (517), and are fixed to the lower end of the sprocket shaft (512) by a top screw (5111); the shaft The bearing (515) and the locking nut (5110) fix the movable knife (519) below the telescopic shaft (518); the reel (5112) is welded to the upper end of the reel barrel (511); the ear picking unit assembly (52) includes: a gear box (521), a small sprocket (522), a reel chain (523), an inclined fixed plate seat (524), a sprocket tensioning mechanism (525), an adaptive adjustment plate (526), ​​a grass guide plate (527), an ear picking roller (528), and an ear picking unit frame (529). The specific structure is: the ear picking unit The main body is a base frame (529), and a gear box (521) is provided at the rear end of the ear picking unit frame (529), which is connected and fixed to the ear picking unit frame (529) by bolt connection; a small sprocket (522) is fixed to the gear box (521) by bolt connection; an inclined fixed plate seat (524), an adaptive adjustment plate (526), ​​and a grass guide plate (527) are respectively connected to the ear picking unit frame (529) by bolts; and a sprocket tensioning mechanism (525) is fixed to the ear picking unit frame (529) by welding. A plurality of reel fingers are evenly distributed on the reel wheel (5112) at the upper end of the reel wheel barrel (511). The projection shape of the side surface of the reel fingers on the plane of the reel wheel (5112) is a curve, and the curve equation is: , ； The plane where the curve is located is the upper plane of the reel (5112) installed on the upper end of the reel barrel (511), the coordinate origin is the point where the center of the reel (5112) is located, the positive direction of the x-axis is the forward direction of the harvester, and the positive direction of the y-axis is the direction of the x-axis rotated 90 degrees clockwise around the coordinate origin; The projection shape of the side surface of the lower blade of the fixed knife (517) on the plane where the bottom surface of the lower blade of the fixed knife (517) is located is a curve, and the curve equation is: , ; The plane where the curve is located is the plane where the bottom surface of the lower blade of the fixed knife (517) is located, the coordinate origin is the point where the center of the circular hole on the bottom surface of the lower blade of the fixed knife (517) is located, the positive direction of the x-axis is the forward direction of the harvester, and the positive direction of the y-axis is the direction of the x-axis rotated 90 degrees clockwise around the coordinate origin; The projection shape of the side surface of the movable knife (519) on the plane where the bottom surface of the movable knife (519) is located is a curve, and the curve equation is: ; The plane where the curve is located is the plane where the bottom surface of the movable knife (519) is located, the coordinate origin is the point where the center of the circular hole on the bottom surface of the movable knife (519) is located, the positive direction of the x-axis is the forward direction of the harvester, and the positive direction of the y-axis is the direction of the x-axis rotated 90° clockwise around the coordinate origin.

2. The row-spacing adaptive corn harvester header according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reel barrel (511) is provided with a hole, the hole is threaded, and a top screw (5111) is passed through the hole to fix the reel barrel (511) on the sprocket shaft (512).

3. The row-spacing adaptive corn harvester header according to claim 1, characterized in that: Holes are formed below the chain plate (514), above the telescopic shaft (518) and above the fixed knife (517), and the chain plate (514), the telescopic shaft (518) and the fixed knife (517) are fixed to the lower end of the sprocket shaft (512) by passing a top screw (5111) through the holes.

4. The row-spacing adaptive corn harvester header according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between each group of ear picking devices (5) on the header of the row-spacing adaptive corn harvester is 600 mm.

5. The row-spacing adaptive corn harvester header according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ear picking roller (528) receives power through gear transmission, and the ratio of the number of teeth of the driving gear to the driven gear is 1:1.7; a small sprocket (522) is installed on the gear box (521), and the small sprocket (522) drives the reed chain (523) to rotate. The other end of the reed chain (523) is sleeved on the large sprocket (513), and the ratio of the number of teeth of the small sprocket (522) to the large sprocket (513) is 1:2; the large sprocket (513) drives the sprocket shaft (512) to rotate, and the sprocket shaft (512) drives the reed wheel barrel (511) and the movable knife (519) to rotate coaxially.

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