Tool for machining deep and long inner hole in common horizontal lathe

Abstract

The invention relates to a tool for machining deep and long inner holes (cylindrical holes and taper holes) on a common horizontal lathe, which comprises a left end center assembly, a cutting machining assembly, a right end supporting assembly and a feeding dragging and cooling assembly, the left end center assembly is arranged in a taper hole of a lathe spindle and comprises a center outer sleeve and a mandrel, a ball groove is formed in the center of the right end of the mandrel, and the center of the right end of the mandrel is provided with a clamping groove; the cutting machining assembly comprises a cutter bar body, a cutter holder and a pull rod, the cutter bar body is sleeved with the cutter holder in a sliding mode, the feeding dragging and cooling assembly comprises a lathe carriage and a square cutter rest, the cutter holder is connected with the square cutter rest through the pull rod, and a ball head matched with the ball groove is arranged at the left end of the cutter bar body. And the right end supporting assembly comprises a high-precision rotating table, a cutter bar sliding plate, a sliding plate seat and a cutter bar hoop. The tool has the advantages that a part with a deep and long inner hole can be machined on a common horizontal lathe, the defect that a common lathe cannot machine a deep and long hole in the part is overcome, and the tool is ingenious in structural design, easy to operate, low in input cost and good in machining stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of mechanical parts processing, and in particular relates to a tool for processing deep and long inner holes (cylindrical holes and tapered holes) on a common horizontal lathe. Background Art

[0002] It is impossible to process a long inner hole (cylindrical hole or conical hole) with a length exceeding 1M, or a conical hole with an inner diameter less than 400mm and a depth greater than 400mm using ordinary horizontal lathes, horizontal boring machines, and vertical lathes with a five-way rotating tool holder using ordinary processes. Such parts are more common in relatively large water pump products, and our company has a series of such parts. Figure 1 The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a series of impellers of vacuum pumps produced by our company with deep and long inner conical holes. Figure 2 The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a jet pipe with a deep and long inner tapered hole produced by our company. In order to realize the processing of such parts, our company has specially developed and designed a process tooling for processing deep and long inner holes on an ordinary horizontal lathe. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a tool and method for machining a deep and long inner hole on a common horizontal lathe, aiming to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art that cannot be achieved by using common processes when machining using common horizontal lathes, horizontal boring machines and vertical lathes with five-sided rotating tool tables.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a tool for processing deep and long inner holes on an ordinary horizontal lathe, which includes a left-end center assembly, a cutting processing assembly, a right-end support assembly and a feed drag assembly (including a cooling structure), the left-end center assembly is installed in the center hole of the lathe spindle and includes a center sleeve and a core shaft rotatably connected to the center sleeve, a ball groove is provided at the center of the right end face of the core shaft, the cutting processing assembly includes a tool rod body, a tool seat and a pull rod, the tool seat sliding sleeve is arranged on the tool rod body, and the feed drag assembly includes a lathe large slide and a square tool holder fixed thereon The tool holder is connected to the square tool holder through a pull rod, the left end of the tool rod body is provided with a ball head that cooperates with the ball groove, the right end support assembly includes a high-precision rotary worktable, a tool rod slide, a slide seat and a tool rod clamp, the slide seat is fixed to the high-precision rotary worktable, the tool rod slide can slide back and forth on the slide seat and be positioned, the right end of the tool rod body passes through the tool rod slide, the tool rod clamp is tightened on the tool rod body, the tool rod clamp is pressed against the tool rod slide from the left side by the tool rod clamping bolt, and the tool rod slide is pressed and positioned against the tool rod body by the tool rod clamping screw.

[0005] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0006] Furthermore, the top sleeve is in the shape of a cone with a thin left end and a thick right end and stepped grooves are provided in both ends. The left end of the core shaft is provided with a deep groove ball bearing, and the right end is provided with a thrust ball bearing and a radial thrust ball bearing separated by a spacer ring. The deep groove ball bearing, thrust ball bearing and radial thrust ball bearing are all located in the corresponding stepped grooves, and the left end of the top sleeve is detachably connected to an end cover.

[0007] Furthermore, an adjusting locking nut is threadedly connected to the core shaft, and the adjusting locking nut presses the radial thrust ball bearing from the right side. A locking screw hole is provided on the cylinder wall of the top sleeve near the right end, and a set screw is threadedly connected to the locking screw hole. When the set screw is tightened, the lower end is pressed and positioned by the locking block.

[0008] Furthermore, the cross-section of the tool rod body is a regular polygon, the tool seat is a cylinder having an inner cavity matching the shape of the tool rod body, tool grooves for connecting a turning tool and scraper plates for scraping off iron chips on the tool rod body are provided at both ends of the tool seat, a screw-on oil cup, a vertical shaft and a support rod are connected to the outside of the cylinder wall of the tool seat, the vertical shaft is rotatably connected to the left end of the pull rod through a bearing body sleeved on the upper end, and the support rod is fixedly connected to a coolant hose.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a roller bracket arranged on the lathe bed, one end of the part to be processed is clamped and fixed by a four-jaw chuck on the lathe spindle, and the other end is placed on the roller bracket.

[0010] Furthermore, the right end support assembly also includes a tool rod roller bracket, which is located on the left side of the high-precision rotary worktable and provides support to the tool rod body from the bottom. The tool rod roller bracket and the high-precision rotary worktable are both fixed on a transition base plate, and the transition base plate is connected to the lathe tailstock base plate on the lathe bed below.

[0011] Furthermore, the slide seat is a rectangular frame extending in the front-to-back direction, the tool rod slide can move forward and backward in the rectangular frame and be clamped and positioned on the rectangular frame by means of an extension plate and a slide fixing cover plate that cooperate with each other, the tool rod slide is a cylinder having an inner cavity matching the shape of the tool rod body, the extension plate is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the tool rod slide, the extension plate and the slide fixing cover plate are clamped and positioned on the rectangular frame by bolts arranged at the four corners, a measuring seat 1 is provided on the top of the tool rod slide, a measuring seat 2 is provided on the top of the slide seat, both the measuring seat 1 and the measuring seat 2 include convex strips protruding upward to serve as measurement indicators (the offset amount at the right end of the tool rod body can be measured with the aid of a vernier caliper and a dial indicator).

[0012] Furthermore, the tool rod clamp includes an upper hoop plate and a lower hoop plate connected by tightening bolts on both sides, and the upper hoop plate and the lower hoop plate are symmetrically provided with connecting ears for threaded connection to the tool rod tightening bolts, and the inner side surfaces of the upper hoop plate and the lower hoop plate facing each other are provided with rubber pads (to increase friction and avoid damage to the tool rod surface).

[0013] Furthermore, a horizontal extension base plate is connected to one side of the square tool holder, a second vertical shaft is fixed on the extension base plate, and the second vertical shaft is rotatably connected to the right end of the pull rod through a second bearing body sleeved on the upper end.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a tapered hole comprehensive inspection plate, which includes an inspection plate body with symmetrical upper and lower sides and gradually widening from left to right, and an end surface alignment plate protruding upward and lower sides connected to the right side of the inspection plate body. A clearance groove for avoiding the tool rod body is formed on the tapered hole comprehensive inspection plate, and the clearance groove is U-shaped. The upper and lower sides of the inspection plate body are provided with tapered hole through-end engraving lines and tapered hole stop-end engraving lines.

[0015] In other words, the tooling provided by the present invention can be used to process deep and long inner holes on an ordinary horizontal lathe. The tooling includes a left-end top assembly, a cutting assembly, a right-end support assembly, and a feed, drag and cooling assembly. The left-end top assembly is installed in the center hole of the lathe spindle and includes a top outer sleeve that rotates with the spindle during operation and a core shaft that is stationary during operation. A ball groove is provided at the center of the right end face of the core shaft. The cutting assembly includes a tool bar body, a tool seat and a pull rod seat. The tool seat is slidably sleeved on the tool bar body. The feed, drag and cooling assembly includes an extended bottom plate, a pull rod seat and a lubricating pipe installed on the lathe large slide square tool holder. The tool seat is connected to the square tool holder through an intermediate pull rod. The left end of the tool bar body is provided with a ball head that cooperates with the top core shaft ball groove. The right-end support assembly includes a transition bottom plate, a high-precision rotary table, a tool bar roller bracket, a tool bar slide plate, a slide plate seat and a tool bar clamp. The slide seat is fixed on the high-precision rotary workbench, the tool bar slide can slide back and forth on the slide seat and be clamped in place by a slide fixing cover plate, the right end of the tool bar body passes through the tool bar slide, the tool bar clamp is clamped on the tool bar body, the tool bar clamp presses the tool bar slide from the left side through the tool bar clamping bolt so that the ball head of the tool bar body is tightly matched with the ball groove of the left end top spindle, and the tool bar slide clamps and positions the tool bar body through the tool bar clamping screw and the clamping copper block.

[0016] On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following key considerations and features.

[0017] 1) Left top part: ( Figure 4 )

[0018] This component is installed on the taper hole of the lathe spindle. The outer sleeve of the center is installed in the taper hole of the spindle and rotates with the spindle. The right end of the mandrel is processed with an inner spherical surface to support the tool rod. The mandrel is stationary during operation. The tool rod of this tooling is used as a sliding guide for the tool seat, which requires high manufacturing accuracy and installation accuracy, as well as strong rigidity and vibration resistance. This center component is specially made for this purpose. The core shaft of this component is relatively thick, and the shaft end is processed with a larger inner spherical surface; the front rolling bearings are all made of high-precision bearings, and the bearing clearance is adjusted by a fine-toothed garden nut. After proper adjustment, the set screw on the upper part of the outer sleeve presses the copper locking block locking nut to prevent the nut from rotating and changing the bearing clearance. The above measures can improve the rigidity and vibration resistance of the tool rod during operation compared to directly modifying the purchased live center.

[0019] 2) Tool bar and tool holder parts: ( Figure 7 , Figure 8 )

[0020] In order to improve the contact rigidity and facilitate slag scraping and flushing, a hexagonal tool bar is specially selected. The tool bar is purchased from a cold-drawn hexagonal optical axis, which is made of 45 steel cold-drawn. After simple manual polishing, the roughness is less than 1.6um; the entire axis size is consistent, which is convenient for the tool holder and the tool bar slide seat hexagonal hole to match; the straightness is less than 0.10 / 1000. The tool bar has high strength, good rigidity and low cost. The tool bar is a fixed tool bar, and the tool holder can slide linearly along it. The tool holder is made of ZG2500-40. In order to achieve more effective cooperation between the tool holder and the tool bar, and reduce friction and creep, when processing the inner hole of the tool holder, the opposite side size of the hole is made 3mm larger than the tool bar, and then the machine tool guide soft belt is pasted on each side to cooperate with the tool bar. The screw-on oil cup is lubricated through the tool holder oil groove, and the machine tool guide scraper plates are installed at both ends of the tool holder hole. There are two 180-degree tool grooves at both ends of the tool holder, which is convenient for the conversion of tapered hole processing in different directions on the same workpiece. The coolant pipe is installed in the wall hole in the middle of the tool holder, and two coolant nozzles are used to cool and flush the slag. The linear sliding of the tool holder is achieved by the left tie rod sleeve installed on the right end of the tool holder - the middle tie rod - the right tie rod sleeve installed on the machine tool turret. In order to adapt to the height difference and operate flexibly, the tie rod sleeve is equipped with a double-row self-aligning spherical roller bearing that can adjust the heart.

[0021] 3) Support part at the right end of the tool bar ( Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 , Fig.12 )

[0022] The function of this component is to realize the correct and reliable installation and positioning of the tool bar. The specific functions include tool bar conveying; determination of the deflection angle and the right end position; radial and axial positioning and tightening of the tool bar.

[0023] The component is equipped with a roller bracket at the left end of the transition base plate to facilitate the advancement and withdrawal of the knife bar.

[0024] In order to make full use of the original resources, we used the lower base plate of the original machine tool tailstock. It can improve the overall rigidity of the component and facilitate the movement of the component along the bed rail and the lateral fine-tuning. A transition base plate is installed on the base plate, and a high-precision manual rotary table (diameter 500, minimum indication 10 seconds, indexing accuracy 60 seconds) is installed on the transition base plate. The tool bar slide seat is installed on the rotary table. The tool bar is fixed on the tool bar slide. In order to facilitate the determination of the correct position of the tool bar slide, a measuring seat is installed on the tool bar slide seat and the tool bar slide respectively; in order to reliably fix the tool bar slide and eliminate the slight displacement that may occur when tightening the tool bar slide, the rear cover plate is used for tightening. A tool bar clamping device is installed at the left end of the tool bar slide to improve the rigidity of the tool bar. A tool bar clamp is installed on the tool bar (rubber is pasted on the inner circle of the clamp to increase friction and avoid damage to the tool bar surface). The two pointed top tightening bolts installed on the clamp can make the ball head shaft at the left end of the tool bar and the inner spherical surface of the live center core shaft end firmly match.

[0025] 4) Tool holder feed and coolant pipe dragging parts ( Fig.16 , Fig.17 )

[0026] This component is installed on the square tool table of the machine tool through its bottom plate. When the large slide of the machine tool performs longitudinal reverse cutting, the right tie rod sleeve assembly--the middle tie rod--the left tie rod sleeve assembly drives the tool holder to achieve cutting. After one cutting is completed, the large slide can be operated to move quickly to the left, move the tool holder body to the left end, adjust the extension length of the tool head, and perform the next cutting. Repeat this process until the inner hole processing is completed. A cooling pipe fixing seat is also installed on the bottom plate to fix and drag the cooling hose.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The tooling provided by the present invention can be applied to an ordinary horizontal lathe to realize the processing of parts with deep and long inner holes on the ordinary horizontal lathe. It has a unique left-end center assembly, a cutting processing assembly and a right-end support assembly, and cooperates with the original machine tool spindle, chuck and large slide plate and other structures on the ordinary horizontal machine tool, thereby effectively solving the problem that general machine tools (such as horizontal lathes, horizontal boring machines, vertical lathes) cannot process deep and long holes on parts. The tooling structure is cleverly designed, simple to operate, has a relatively small investment cost and good processing stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of an impeller of a series of vacuum pumps with deep and long inner holes produced by our company;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the injection pipe with a deep and long inner hole produced by our company;

[0031] Figure 3A top view of a tooling for machining a deep and long inner hole on a common horizontal lathe provided by the present invention, in which a part of the structure is cut away, and the part to be machined clamped by the chuck in the figure is an impeller;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 3 An enlarged view of the left end center assembly and the left end of the tool bar body in the tooling shown;

[0033] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the inner end cover and bearings of the center left end top assembly;

[0034] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the tip housing of the tip assembly at the center left end;

[0035] Figure 7 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the cutting tool assembly in the illustrated tooling, wherein only a small section of the tool bar body and the pull rod are shown;

[0036] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A top view of the middle blade holder and the structure provided thereon;

[0037] Fig. 9 for Figure 3 a top view of the right end support assembly of the illustrated tooling;

[0038] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 The right end support assembly is shown as viewed along the A direction;

[0039] Fig.11 for Fig. 9 The view of the slide plate seat, the tool bar slide plate, the tool bar clamp, etc. in the right end support assembly as viewed along the B direction;

[0040] Fig.12 for Fig. 9 A partial cross-sectional view of the knife bar slide along CC in the right end support assembly shown;

[0041] Fig.13 for Fig. 9 Three views (front view, top view and left view) of the tool bar slide in the right end support assembly shown;

[0042] Fig.14 for Fig. 9 A right side view of the sliding plate fixing cover plate in the right end support assembly shown;

[0043] Fig.15 for Figure 3 A front view of the square tool rest of the feed drag assembly of the tooling shown in FIG.

[0044] Fig.16for Fig.15 A cross-sectional view of the corresponding structure along DD;

[0045] Fig.17 A front view of the tapered hole comprehensive inspection plate provided by the present invention;

[0046] Fig.18 for Fig.17 Left side view of the tapered hole integrated inspection plate shown.

[0047] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0048] 100, left end center assembly; 200, cutting assembly; 300, right end support assembly; 400, feed drag assembly; 500, lathe spindle; 600, four-jaw chuck; 700, roller bracket; 800, lathe tailstock bottom plate; 900, tapered hole comprehensive inspection plate;

[0049] 101, top cover; 102, mandrel; 103, deep groove ball bearing; 104, spacer; 105, thrust ball bearing; 106, radial thrust ball bearing; 107, adjustment lock nut; 108, end cover; 109, set screw; 1011, stepped groove; 1012, locking screw hole; 1021, ball groove;

[0050] 201, tool bar body; 202, tool holder; 203, pull rod; 204, scraper plate; 205, screw-on oil cup; 206, vertical shaft 1; 207, support rod; 208, coolant hose; 209, bearing body 1; 2011, ball head;

[0051] 301, high-precision rotary table; 302, tool bar slide; 303, slide seat; 304, tool bar clamp; 305, tool bar top bolt; 306, tool bar clamp screw; 307, tool bar roller bracket; 308, transition bottom plate; 309, extension plate; 310, slide fixing cover; 311, measuring seat 1; 312, measuring seat 2; 313; rubber pad;

[0052] 401, lathe large slide; 402, square tool rest; 403, extension bottom plate; 404, vertical axis 2; 405, bearing body 2;

[0053] 901, give way groove; 902, tapered hole through end engraved line; 903, tapered hole stop end engraved line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0055] In the description of the present invention, if terms indicating orientation such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" are used, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0056] First of all, it should be noted that lathe processing of parts with deep and long inner holes is a common work content in actual production, such as Figure 1 The figure shows a cross-sectional view of an impeller of a series of vacuum pumps with a deep and long inner hole produced by our company. Figure 2 The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a jet pipe with a deep inner hole produced by our company. This type of part has a deep inner hole (cylindrical hole or conical hole) with a processing length exceeding 1M or a conical hole with an inner diameter less than 400mm and a depth greater than 400mm, which is difficult to process using an ordinary horizontal lathe.

[0057] The present invention provides a tool for machining a deep and long inner hole on a common horizontal lathe, such as Figures 3 to 18 As shown, it includes a left-end top assembly 100, a cutting processing assembly 200, a right-end support assembly 300 and a feed drag assembly 400. The left-end top assembly 100 is installed in the center hole of the lathe spindle 500 and includes a top sleeve 101 and a core shaft 102 rotatably connected to the top sleeve 101. A ball groove 1021 is provided at the center of the right end face of the core shaft 102. The cutting processing assembly 200 includes a tool rod body 201, a tool seat 202 and a pull rod 203. The tool seat 202 is slidably sleeved on the tool rod body 201. The feed drag assembly 400 includes a lathe large slide 401 and a square tool holder 402 fixed thereon. The tool seat 202 is connected to the square tool holder 402 through a pull rod 203. The left end of the tool rod body 201 is provided with a ball head 2011 that cooperates with the ball groove 1021, and the right end support assembly 300 includes a high-precision rotary worktable 301, a tool rod slide 302, a slide seat 303 and a tool rod clamp 304, the slide seat 303 is fixed on the high-precision rotary worktable 301, the tool rod slide 302 can slide back and forth and be positioned on the slide seat 303, the right end of the tool rod body 201 passes through the tool rod slide 302, the tool rod clamp 304 is clamped on the tool rod body 201, the tool rod clamp 304 is pressed against the tool rod slide 302 from the left side by the tool rod clamping bolt 305, and the tool rod slide 302 is pressed and positioned against the tool rod body 201 by the tool rod clamping screw 306. In addition, a roller bracket 700 is provided on the lathe bed. One end of the part to be processed is clamped and fixed by a four-jaw chuck 600 on the lathe spindle 500, and the other end is placed on the roller bracket 700. Figure 3 The part to be processed by the chuck is an impeller, and its right end is placed on a roller bracket 700.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the top sleeve 101 is a conical cylinder with a thin left end and a thick right end, and both ends are provided with stepped grooves 1011. The left end of the core shaft 102 is provided with a deep groove ball bearing 103, and the right end is provided with a thrust ball bearing 105 and a radial thrust ball bearing 106 separated by a spacer ring 104. The deep groove ball bearing 103, the thrust ball bearing 105 and the radial thrust ball bearing 106 are all located in the corresponding stepped grooves 1011, and the left end of the top sleeve 101 is detachably connected to an end cover 108. The core shaft 102 is also threadedly connected with an adjusting locking nut 107, and the adjusting locking nut 107 presses the radial thrust ball bearing 106 from the right side. The cylinder wall of the top sleeve 101 is provided with a locking screw hole 1012 near the right end, and the locking screw hole 1012 is threadedly connected with a set screw 109. When the set screw 109 is tightened, the lower end is pressed and positioned by a locking block.

[0059] It should be noted that the left end center assembly 100 is installed on the taper hole of the lathe spindle 500, the center sleeve is installed in the taper hole of the spindle, and rotates with the spindle, while the right end of the mandrel is processed with an inner spherical surface (ball groove) for supporting the tool bar, and the mandrel is in a stationary state during operation. Since the tool bar body of this tooling is used as a sliding guide rail for the tool seat, it requires high manufacturing accuracy and installation accuracy, as well as strong rigidity and vibration resistance. For this purpose, the left end center assembly is specially made. The mandrel of this assembly is thicker and the shaft end is processed with an inner spherical surface; the front end rolling bearings are all high-precision bearings, and the bearing clearance is adjusted by a fine-tooth round nut (adjusting locking nut 107). After proper adjustment, the set screw 109 on the top of the center sleeve is used to tighten the copper locking block locking nut to prevent the nut from rotating and changing the bearing clearance; the above measures have the advantage of being able to significantly improve the rigidity and vibration resistance of the tool bar body during operation, thereby ensuring the processing quality of deep and long inner holes, compared with directly modifying the purchased live center.

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the cross-section of the tool rod body 201 is a regular polygon, the tool seat 202 is a cylinder with an inner cavity matching the shape of the tool rod body 201, and tool grooves for connecting a turning tool and scraper plates 204 for scraping iron chips on the tool rod body 201 are provided at both ends of the tool seat 202. A screw-on oil cup 205, a vertical shaft 206 and a support rod 207 are connected to the outside of the cylinder wall of the tool seat 202. The vertical shaft 206 is rotatably connected to the left end of the pull rod 203 through a bearing body 209 sleeved on the upper end, and the support rod 207 is fixedly connected to a coolant hose 208.

[0061] It should be noted that in order to improve the contact rigidity and facilitate slag flushing and blocking, the tool bar body is preferably a hexagonal tool bar. In this embodiment, the tool bar body adopts a purchased cold-drawn hexagonal optical axis, which is processed after tempering of 45 steel, and the roughness is less than 1.6um after simple manual polishing; the whole shaft size is consistent, which is convenient for the hexagonal hole of the tool holder and the tool bar slide plate to match; the straightness is less than 0.10 / 1000. The tool bar body has high strength and good rigidity. It is a fixed tool bar, and the tool seat can slide linearly along it. The tool seat is made of HT250 (a small tool seat can use cast copper, which is more wear-resistant). In order to achieve more effective cooperation between the tool seat and the tool bar body and reduce friction, when processing the inner hole of the tool seat, the opposite side size of the hole is made 3mm larger than the tool bar, and then the machine tool guide rail soft belt is pasted on each side in cooperation with the tool bar body. The screw-on oil cup is lubricated through the tool seat oil groove, and machine tool guide rail scraper plates are installed at both ends of the tool seat hole. There are two 180-degree tool grooves at both ends of the tool holder, which facilitates the conversion of tapered hole processing in different directions on the same workpiece. The coolant pipe is installed in the wall plate hole in the middle of the tool holder, and two coolant nozzles are used to achieve cooling and slag flushing. The linear sliding of the tool holder is achieved by relying on the left tie rod sleeve (including vertical axis 1 and bearing body 1, etc.) installed on the right end of the tool holder--tie rod--the right tie rod sleeve (including vertical axis 2 and bearing body 2, etc.) installed on the square tool holder of the machine tool. The large slide of the machine tool provides power for the sliding feed of the tool holder through the tie rod. In order to adapt to the height difference and flexible operation, the bearing body installed in the tie rod sleeve is a self-adjustable double-row self-aligning spherical roller bearing.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figures 9 to 14As shown, the right end support assembly 300 also includes a tool bar roller bracket 307, which is located on the left side of the high-precision rotary worktable 301 and provides support for the tool bar body 201 from the bottom, and the tool bar roller bracket 307 and the high-precision rotary worktable 301 are both fixed on a transition base plate 308, and the transition base plate 308 is connected to the lathe tailstock base plate 800 on the lathe bed below. The slide seat 303 is a rectangular frame extending in the front-to-back direction, the tool bar slide 302 can move forward and backward in the rectangular frame and be clamped and positioned on the rectangular frame by means of the outer plate 309 and the slide fixing cover plate 310 that cooperate with each other. The tool bar slide 302 is a cylinder having an inner cavity matching the shape of the tool bar body 201, the outer wall of the tool bar slide 302 is fixedly provided with the outer plate 309, the outer plate 309 and the slide fixing cover plate 310 are clamped and positioned on the rectangular frame by bolts arranged at the four corners, a measuring seat 1 311 is provided on the top of the tool bar slide 302, a measuring seat 2 312 is provided on the top of the slide seat 303, the measuring seat 1 311 and the measuring seat 2 312 both include convex strips protruding upwards to serve as measurement indications (the offset at the right end of the tool bar body can be measured with the aid of a vernier caliper and a dial indicator). The tool bar clamp 304 includes an upper hoop plate and a lower hoop plate connected by clamping bolts on both sides, and the upper hoop plate and the lower hoop plate are symmetrically provided with connecting ears for threaded connection with the tool bar clamping bolts 305, and the inner side surfaces of the upper hoop plate and the lower hoop plate facing each other are provided with rubber pads 313.

[0063] It should be noted that the function of the right-end support assembly 300 is to achieve the correct and reliable installation, adjustment and positioning of the tool bar body, including the tool bar conveying, the determination of the deflection angle and the right end position, and the radial and axial positioning and tightening of the tool bar. The component is equipped with a roller bracket at the left end of the transition base plate to facilitate the advancement and pulling out of the tool bar. In order to make full use of the original resources, the tooling utilizes the lower base plate of the original machine tool tailstock, which can improve the overall rigidity of the component and facilitate the movement of the component along the bed guide rail and lateral fine-tuning. A transition base plate is installed on the lower base plate of the machine tool, and a high-precision manual rotary table (diameter 500, minimum indication 10 seconds, division accuracy 60 seconds) is installed on the transition base plate. The tool bar slide seat is installed on the rotary table. The tool bar body is fixed on the tool bar slide. In order to facilitate the determination of the correct position of the tool bar slide, measuring seats (measuring seat 1 and measuring seat 2) are installed on the slide seat and the tool bar slide respectively; in order to reliably fix the tool bar slide and eliminate the slight displacement that may occur when tightening the tool bar slide, the rear cover plate is tightened. A tool bar clamping device is installed at the left end of the tool bar slide to improve the structural rigidity. A tool bar clamp is installed on the tool bar body (a rubber pad is pasted on the inner circle of the clamp to increase friction and avoid damage to the surface of the tool bar body). The two pointed tightening bolts installed on the clamp can make the ball head shaft at the left end of the tool bar and the inner spherical surface of the right end of the core shaft of the left end top assembly fit firmly.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, Fig.15 and 16 As shown, a horizontal extension base plate 403 is connected to one side of the square tool rest 402, a second vertical shaft 404 is fixed on the extension base plate 403, and the second vertical shaft 404 is rotatably connected to the right end of the pull rod 203 through a second bearing body 405 sleeved on the upper end.

[0065] It should be noted that when the machine tool's large slide performs longitudinal reverse cutting, the right tie rod sleeve assembly--the middle tie rod--the left tie rod sleeve assembly drives the tool holder to achieve cutting. After one cutting is completed, the large slide can be operated to move quickly to the left, move the tool holder to the left end, adjust the extension length of the tool head, and perform the next cutting. This is repeated until the inner hole processing is completed. A cooling pipe fixing seat (support rod) is also installed on the epitaxial bottom plate to fix and drag the cooling hose.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, Fig.17 and 18As shown, the tooling also includes a tapered hole comprehensive inspection plate 900, which includes an inspection plate body with symmetrical upper and lower sides and gradually widening from left to right, and an end surface alignment plate protruding upward and downward on the right side of the inspection plate body. A clearance groove 901 for avoiding the tool bar body 201 is formed on the tapered hole comprehensive inspection plate 900, and the clearance groove 901 is U-shaped. The upper and lower sides of the inspection plate body are provided with tapered hole through end engraved lines 902 and tapered hole stop end engraved lines 903. In other words, the tapered hole comprehensive inspection plate 900 is composed of two upper and lower beveled plates and a middle U-shaped plate with a clearance groove. When making it, the three blanks are first firmly bonded. When bonding, it must be ensured that the two plates are in the same plane, and then the through end and stop end engraved lines are cut out at one time on the cutting machine base.

[0067] It should be noted that in order to detect and control the processing quality during the processing, the above-mentioned comprehensive inspection template that can avoid the influence of the tool rod is specially made. It can detect the conformity of the processing taper and size, and can be used for both process inspection and completion inspection.

[0068] The installation, adjustment and processing method of the tooling for processing a deep and long inner hole on a common horizontal lathe provided by the present invention are specifically as follows:

[0069] 1) Before the first use, the tool should be fully adjusted. This step is extremely critical. The object of adjustment is mainly the support component at the right end of the tool bar. The adjustment steps are as follows:

[0070] a) Do not install the tool bar slide seat for the time being, and adjust the position of the high-precision rotary table by moving the transition base plate horizontally so that the rotation center of the rotary table is located on the center line of the machine tool spindle. After the adjustment is completed, mark the relevant positions of the transition base plate and the original machine tool tailstock base plate, and return the table indication to zero.

[0071] b) Install the tool bar slide seat and check whether the center height of the slide seat positioning groove is the same as the center height of the machine tool spindle. Otherwise, it is necessary to adjust it so that the height difference is less than 0.15 (the tool bar slide seat is allowed to be higher).

[0072] c) Turn the high-precision rotary table so that the center plane of the tool bar slide seat is perpendicular to the center line of the machine tool spindle, and check whether it is consistent with the zero indication of the high-precision rotary table in step a); if not, find out the reason. If it is difficult to adjust, record the zero position value obtained after adjustment.

[0073] d) Check and determine the correct position of the measuring seat on the tool bar sliding seat by rotating the rotary table, and fix it reliably. The correct positioning of the measuring seat on the tool bar slide must be completed during the manufacturing process of the part.

[0074] e) Install the tool bar slide on the tool bar slide seat, and make the distance between the measuring surfaces of the two measuring seats zero. At this time, the center large hole of the tool bar slide can be measured by rotating the spindle to comprehensively detect the coincidence error between the center of the machine tool spindle and the center line of the tool bar fixing hole of the tool bar right end support component. Analyze, adjust, record and confirm, and the comprehensive error value is allowed to be within 0.20.

[0075] f) Install the roller bracket on the transition base plate and measure the height of the busbar on the roller from the guide surface of the machine tool. At the same time, measure the height of the busbar under the hexagonal hole of the tool bar slide. The two should be at the same height. Note that the busbar on the roller must not be allowed to be too high.

[0076] 2) Place the left center component into the spindle hole.

[0077] 3) Inner hole processing is generally arranged after the outer circle processing process. When processing the outer circle, process as many other parts as possible, which can not only improve efficiency, but also provide convenience for the inner hole processing using this tooling. Use a four-jaw chuck to clamp the left end of the workpiece. For larger, longer and heavier workpieces, it is necessary to use a center stand or bracket on the right end of the workpiece. Figure 3 The tooling shown includes roller brackets.

[0078] 4) Place and fix the right end support component of the tool bar at the appropriate position of the bed. Accurately measure the distance A between the right end face of the top spindle and the vertical large plane of the tool bar slide seat. Since the center of the top spindle ball is located 2mm from the outer end face of the spindle, the distance between the center of the ball and the vertical large plane of the slide seat is A-2. If the semi-cone angle of the cone hole on the design drawing is β, the distance B between the measuring surfaces of the two measuring seats is (A-2) Sinβ. Move the tool bar slide according to this distance and tighten it. Rotate the rotary table by β angle and lock it.

[0079] 5) Install the roller bracket on the transition base plate.

[0080] 6) Install the tool arbor and tool holder components, and use the tool arbor tightening screw installed on the tool arbor clamp to make the ball head shaft at the left end of the tool arbor fit firmly with the inner spherical surface of the top core shaft. Apply grease to the spherical surface before tightening.

[0081] 7) Move the large slide of the machine tool to the appropriate position, and install the tool holder feed and coolant pipe dragging components on the square tool table of the machine tool.

[0082] 8) Move the tool holder to the left end of the workpiece and install and adjust the tool.

[0083] At this point, the preparation work before processing has been completed and cutting processing can be carried out.

[0084] 9) After rough machining, use a comprehensive inspection template to check whether the tapered hole machining angle is correct and make adjustments if necessary.

[0085] 10) After one cutting pass is completed, the large slide can be operated to quickly move the tool holder to the left end, adjust the extension length of the tool head, and proceed to the next cutting pass.

[0086] 11) The cone hole at the left end of the impeller and the cylindrical hole in the middle ( Figure 1 The processing of the outer circle can be completed by adjusting the position and rotation angle of the support component at the right end of the tool bar body. If possible, it should be arranged to be carried out at the same time as the outer circle processing process.

[0087] 12) In order to detect and control the processing quality during the processing, a comprehensive inspection template that can avoid the influence of the tool bar is specially made. It can detect the conformity of the processing taper and size, and can be used for both process inspection and completion inspection.

[0088] The process tooling provided by the present invention can play a relatively unique role in the processing of small-taper deep long holes, because general machine tools (such as horizontal lathes, horizontal boring machines, and vertical lathes) are difficult to solve the processing problems of such workpieces. The process tooling has a better effect on HT200 cast iron parts under continuous cutting conditions, and its surface roughness can reach 6.3um, and the comprehensive work efficiency can reach about 80% of conventional processing, which is a good work efficiency.

[0089] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool for machining deep and long inner holes on a common horizontal lathe, characterized in that: The invention comprises a left-end top assembly (100), a cutting processing assembly (200), a right-end support assembly (300) and a feed drag assembly (400), wherein the left-end top assembly (100) is inserted into the center hole of a lathe spindle (500) and comprises a top sleeve (101) and a core shaft (102) rotatably connected to the top sleeve (101), a ball groove (1021) is provided at the center of the right end face of the core shaft (102), the cutting processing assembly (200) comprises a tool rod body (201), a tool seat (202) and a pull rod (203), the tool seat (202) is slidably sleeved on the tool rod body (201), the feed drag assembly (400) comprises a lathe large slide plate (401) and a square tool holder (402) fixed thereon, the tool seat (202) is connected to the square tool holder (402) via a pull rod (203), and the tool The left end of the rod body (201) is provided with a ball head (2011) that cooperates with the ball groove (1021); the right end support assembly (300) comprises a high-precision rotary table (301), a tool bar slide plate (302), a slide plate seat (303) and a tool bar clamp (304); the slide plate seat (303) is fixed on the high-precision rotary table (301); the tool bar slide plate (302) can slide back and forth and be positioned on the slide plate seat (303); the right end of the tool bar body (201) passes through the tool bar slide plate (302); the tool bar clamp (304) is clamped on the tool bar body (201); the tool bar clamp (304) is pressed against the tool bar slide plate (302) from the left side by a tool bar clamping bolt (305); the tool bar slide plate (302) is pressed and positioned on the tool bar body (201) by a tool bar clamping screw (306).

2. A tool for machining a deep and long inner hole on a common horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top sleeve (101) is in the shape of a cone with a thin left end and a thick right end, and both left and right ends are provided with stepped grooves (1011). The left end of the core shaft (102) is provided with a deep groove ball bearing (103), and the right end is provided with a thrust ball bearing (105) and a radial thrust ball bearing (106) separated by a spacer (104). The deep groove ball bearing (103), the thrust ball bearing (105) and the radial thrust ball bearing (106) are all located in the corresponding stepped grooves (1011). The left end of the top sleeve (101) is detachably connected with an end cover (108).

3. A tool for machining a deep and long inner hole on a common horizontal lathe according to claim 2, characterized in that: The core shaft (102) is also threadedly connected with an adjusting locking nut (107), and the adjusting locking nut (107) presses the radial thrust ball bearing (106) from the right side. The cylindrical wall of the top sleeve (101) is provided with a locking screw hole (1012) near the right end, and the locking screw hole (1012) is threadedly connected with a set screw (109). When the set screw (109) is tightened, the lower end thereof is pressed and positioned by a locking block.

4. The tooling for machining a deep and long inner hole on a common horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the tool rod body (201) is a regular polygon, the tool holder (202) is a cylinder having an inner cavity matching the shape of the tool rod body (201), and tool grooves for connecting a turning tool and scraper plates (204) for scraping iron chips on the tool rod body (201) are provided at both ends of the tool holder (202). A screw-on oil cup (205), a vertical shaft (206) and a support rod (207) are connected to the outside of the cylinder wall of the tool holder (202), the vertical shaft (206) is rotatably connected to the left end of the pull rod (203) through a bearing body (209) sleeved on the upper end, and the support rod (207) is fixedly connected to a coolant hose (208).

5. The tooling for machining a deep and long inner hole on a common horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a roller bracket (700) arranged on the lathe bed, one end of the part to be processed is clamped and fixed by a four-jaw chuck (600) on the lathe spindle (500), and the other end is placed on the roller bracket (700).

6. The tooling for machining a deep and long inner hole on a common horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The right end support assembly (300) further comprises a tool rod roller bracket (307), wherein the tool rod roller bracket (307) is located on the left side of the high-precision rotary table (301) and provides support for the tool rod body (201) from the bottom, and the tool rod roller bracket (307) and the high-precision rotary table (301) are both fixed on a transition base plate (308), and the transition base plate (308) is connected to a lathe tailstock base plate (800) on the lathe bed below.

7. The tooling for machining a deep and long inner hole on a common horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide seat (303) is a rectangular frame extending in the front-to-back direction. The tool rod slide (302) can move forward and backward in the rectangular frame and be clamped and positioned on the rectangular frame by means of an extension plate (309) and a slide fixing cover plate (310) that cooperate with each other. The tool rod slide (302) is a cylinder having an inner cavity matching the shape of the tool rod body (201). The extension plate (309) is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the tool rod slide (302). The extension plate (309) and the slide fixing cover plate (310) are clamped and positioned on the rectangular frame by bolts arranged at the four corners. A measuring seat 1 (311) is provided on the top of the tool rod slide (302). A measuring seat 2 (312) is provided on the top of the slide seat (303). Both the measuring seat 1 (311) and the measuring seat 2 (312) include convex strips protruding upwards to serve as measurement indications.

8. The tooling for machining a deep and long inner hole on a common horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool bar clamp (304) comprises an upper hoop plate and a lower hoop plate connected by clamping bolts on both sides, the upper hoop plate and the lower hoop plate are symmetrically provided with connecting ears for threaded connection with the tool bar clamping bolts (305), and the inner side surfaces of the upper hoop plate and the lower hoop plate facing each other are provided with rubber pads (313).

9. The tooling for machining a deep and long inner hole on a common horizontal lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the square tool holder (402) is connected to a horizontal epitaxial base plate (403), and a second vertical shaft (404) is fixed on the epitaxial base plate (403). The second vertical shaft (404) is rotatably connected to the right end of the pull rod (203) through a second bearing body (405) sleeved on the upper end.

10. A tool for machining a deep and long inner hole on a common horizontal lathe according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: It also includes a tapered hole comprehensive inspection plate (900), which includes an inspection plate body with symmetrical upper and lower sides and gradually widening from left to right, and an end surface alignment plate protruding upward and downward on the right side of the inspection plate body. The tapered hole comprehensive inspection plate (900) is formed with a clearance groove (901) for avoiding the tool rod body (201), and the clearance groove (901) is U-shaped. The upper and lower sides of the inspection plate body are provided with tapered hole through end engraving lines (902) and tapered hole stop end engraving lines (903).

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