High-temperature cracking, carbonization and gasification activation furnace and cracking gas reforming system and method

Abstract

The invention provides a high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization gasification activation furnace and a pyrolysis gas reforming system and method, and relates to the technical field of pyrolysis gas reburning reforming. The high-temperature cracking, carbonizing, gasifying and activating furnace comprises a furnace body, a first stock bin, a rake type distributing device, a material flattening device, a cooling rotating shaft, a spiral porous plate, a horizontal supporting cooling pipe and a carbon discharging scraper plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cracking gas re-burning reforming, and in particular to a high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace, a cracking gas reforming system and a method. Background Art

[0002] Biomass is the most abundant renewable resource on earth. It converts low energy density biomass into high energy density gas, liquid and solid products. It is a very promising production process to achieve high value conversion of biomass through dry distillation, pyrolysis, activation and gasification technology. Dry distillation, pyrolysis, activation and gasification technology are the core and hot spots of thermochemical treatment technology research. The current situation is that solid biomass carbonization generates gas, liquid and solid products through external heating and pyrolysis, and then the gas, liquid and solid are used separately. When producing high-value carbon-based materials, cracking, carbonization and activation are produced separately. The low-temperature carbonization furnace is generally a horizontal drum-type low-temperature carbonization furnace, and the activation furnace is a Spree furnace or a rake furnace. This leads to a long production process, a large footprint, poor comprehensive utilization capacity, an unfriendly production environment, large heat loss, high transportation costs, low product added value, and poor economic benefits. There are also self-circulating internal heating methods, which are used to carry out pyrolysis, carbonization and activation in an integrated manner by bringing solid biomass into reverse contact with the hot carrier gas flow for heat exchange. The existing furnace structure and production process cannot meet the production requirements of high-value, high-quality gas and high-performance, high-value carbon-based materials. The product added value is low, the output of tar, hydrocarbons and vinegar is large, and it is difficult to handle and environmentally unfriendly. Moreover, this integrated process is only in the laboratory stage and has not yet been put into industrial production and operation. For the treatment of light waste, there is still the problem that dioxins cannot be eliminated at high temperatures. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a high temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace, comprising:

[0004] A furnace body, the furnace body comprising an upper high-temperature dry distillation cracking carbonization section and a lower gasification agent activation section, the furnace body is made of high-temperature resistant high-manganese steel or a high-position water tank convection jacket, the inner surface of the furnace body is provided with a heat-insulating layer, the bottom is provided with a carbon base material outlet, and the top is provided with a first cracking gas outlet;

[0005] A first material bin, the first material bin is arranged on the top of the furnace body, and the first material bin is communicated with the interior of the furnace body;

[0006] A cooling shaft, the cooling shaft is coaxially arranged in the furnace body, the cooling shaft is a hollow structure, the top of the cooling shaft is driven by a driving motor, and the driving motor is arranged above the furnace body;

[0007] A rake-type distributor, the rake-type distributor is arranged at the upper part of the furnace body, and the rake-type distributor is connected to the cooling shaft;

[0008] A material leveler, the material leveler is arranged below the rake-type distributor in the furnace body, and the material leveler is connected to the cooling shaft;

[0009] A spiral porous plate, wherein the cooling shaft is used to cool the spiral porous plate, the spiral porous plate is arranged below the flat material feeder in the furnace body, the spiral porous plate is spirally arranged around the cooling shaft, and is spirally connected to the cooling shaft;

[0010] A horizontal support cooling pipe, wherein the horizontal support cooling pipe comprises a plurality of cooling pipes, and the horizontal support cooling pipe is connected to the cooling shaft and the spiral porous plate;

[0011] A carbon removal scraper, the carbon removal scraper is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and the carbon removal scraper is connected to the bottom of the cooling shaft;

[0012] The spiral porous plates include a carbonization section spiral porous plate and an activation gasification section spiral porous plate. The axial spacing of the carbonization section spiral porous plates is 100mm-500mm, and the axial spacing of the activation gasification section spiral porous plates is 100mm-300mm.

[0013] In some embodiments, the thermal insulation layer includes a thermal insulation inner layer, a thermal insulation middle layer, and a thermal insulation outer layer;

[0014] The thermal insulation inner layer is made of high-magnesium refractory bricks, or high-aluminum or high-chromium castables;

[0015] The thermal insulation middle layer is made of lightweight mullite casting material or refractory bricks;

[0016] The heat-insulating outer layer is insulated by ceramic fibers.

[0017] In some embodiments, the inclination angle of the spiral porous plate is smaller than the stacking angle of repose of the material on the spiral porous plate.

[0018] In some embodiments, the spiral porous plate is provided with a plurality of circular holes, the porosity of the spiral porous plate is 15%-30%, the diameter of the circular holes is 10-20 mm, and the spacing between the plurality of circular holes is greater than 10 mm; the spacing between the plurality of horizontal support cooling pipes is 100-200 mm.

[0019] In some embodiments, the furnace body is a high-position water tank convection jacket, and the width of the high-position water tank convection jacket is 80-100 mm.

[0020] The present application also provides a cracking gas reforming system, comprising the high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace as described in any one of the above, and further comprising:

[0021] A shaft cooling device, the shaft cooling device is connected to at least one end of the cooling shaft, and the shaft cooling adopts high-level water tank convection cooling;

[0022] A reforming combustion chamber, the reforming combustion chamber comprising a reforming burner and a catalytic reforming chamber, the reforming burner being arranged in the catalytic reforming chamber, the reforming burner being provided with a first combustion gas inlet and a first mixed cracking gas inlet; the catalytic reforming chamber being provided with a reforming gas outlet, the first combustion gas inlet and the first mixed cracking gas inlet both being connected to the first cracking gas outlet of the furnace body through a gas delivery pipeline;

[0023] An energy supply combustion chamber, wherein the energy supply combustion chamber is provided with a second combustion gas inlet and a second mixed cracking gas inlet, wherein the second combustion gas inlet and the second mixed cracking gas inlet are both connected to the first cracking gas outlet of the furnace body through a gas delivery pipeline, and the energy supply combustion chamber is arranged on the outer wall surface of the furnace body and is connected to the interior of the furnace body;

[0024] A low-temperature carbonization furnace, the low-temperature carbonization furnace is a shell and tube type low-temperature carbonization furnace, a pushing auger is provided in the tube side of the low-temperature carbonization furnace, the shell side of the low-temperature carbonization furnace is used to pass high-temperature and high-quality gas, the top of the low-temperature carbonization furnace is provided with a second silo connected to the top of the tube side, the top of the tube side is provided with a second cracking gas outlet, the second cracking gas outlet is connected to the first cracking gas outlet, the bottom of the tube side is provided with a biochar outlet connected to the top of the furnace body, the bottom of the shell side is provided with a reforming gas inlet connected to the reforming gas outlet, and the top of the shell side is provided with a purified gas outlet.

[0025] In some embodiments, the cracking gas reforming system further includes a heat exchanger and a steam generator, wherein the heat exchanger and the steam generator are both shell and tube heat exchangers; the reforming gas outlet of the reforming combustion chamber is communicated with the inlet of the steam generator, the outlet of the steam generator is communicated with the first inlet of the heat exchanger, and the first outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the reforming gas inlet of the low-temperature carbonization furnace; the second inlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the first cracking gas outlet and the second cracking gas outlet, and the second outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the first combustion gas inlet and the first mixed cracking gas inlet of the reforming combustion chamber, and the second combustion gas inlet and the second mixed cracking gas inlet of the energy supply combustion chamber;

[0026] The first inlet is communicated with the first outlet, and the second inlet is communicated with the second outlet;

[0027] The steam outlet of the steam generator is communicated with the first mixed cracking gas inlet and the second mixed cracking gas inlet of the energy supply combustion chamber.

[0028] In some embodiments, the cracking gas reforming system also includes an intercooler and a gas storage cabinet, the intercooler includes a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a purified gas inlet, and a product gas outlet, and the intercooler is used to cool the purified gas; the product gas outlet of the intercooler is connected to the gas storage cabinet.

[0029] The present application also provides a cracking gas reforming method, comprising the following steps:

[0030] The biomass is fed into a low-temperature carbonization furnace for secondary pyrolysis to obtain biochar and secondary pyrolysis gas;

[0031] The biomass and biochar are fed into a high temperature pyrolysis carbonization gasification activation furnace for first pyrolysis to obtain a biochar product and a first pyrolysis gas;

[0032] The first cracked gas and the second cracked gas are mixed to obtain a mixed cracked gas, and the mixed cracked gas is heated by heat exchange;

[0033] A portion of the heated mixed cracking gas is used for combustion in the energy supply combustion chamber to supply energy and gasification activator to the high temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace, and the other portion is used for cooling and balancing the high temperature flue gas temperature;

[0034] The remaining part of the mixed cracking gas is used to supply energy and reforming catalyst to the reforming combustion chamber, and the remaining mixed cracking gas is subjected to catalytic reforming of tar and vinegar liquid in the reforming combustion chamber to obtain reformed gas;

[0035] The reformed gas is cooled and then heat exchanged with the mixed cracking gas. After the temperature of the reformed gas is reduced, heat exchange is performed with a low-temperature carbonization furnace to obtain purified gas after the temperature is reduced.

[0036] In some embodiments, the temperature of the first cracking gas is 120-150°C, the temperature of the second cracking gas is 80-100°C, the temperature of the mixed cracking gas after heat exchange and heating is 120-200°C, the temperature of the reforming combustion chamber is 1100-1600°C, and the temperature of the energy supply combustion chamber is 700-1300°C. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 A structural diagram of a cracking gas reforming production system provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 Figure 2 A magnified image of area A;

[0041] Figure 4 Figure 2 Magnified view of area B.

[0042] Among them, the figure markings are: 1. high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace; 11. furnace body; 111. first cracking gas outlet; 112. carbon-based material outlet; 12. driving motor; 13. first silo; 14. cooling shaft; 15. rake-type distributor; 16. flat material distributor; 17. spiral porous plate; 171. carbonization section spiral porous plate; 172. activation gasification section spiral porous plate; 18. horizontal support cooling pipe; 19. carbon removal scraper; 2. shaft cooling device; 3. reforming combustion chamber; 31. reforming burner; 311. first combustion gas inlet; 32. catalytic reforming chamber; 321. first 1. Mixed cracking gas inlet; 322. Reforming gas outlet; 4. Energy supply combustion chamber; 41. Second combustion gas inlet; 42. Second mixed cracking gas cracking gas inlet; 5. Low-temperature carbonization furnace; 51. Tube side; 511. Pushing auger; 512. Second cracking gas outlet; 52. Shell side; 521. Biochar outlet; 522. Reforming gas inlet; 523. Purified gas outlet; 53. Second silo; 6. Heat exchanger; 61. Steam generator; 7. Intercooler; 71. Water inlet pipe; 72. Water outlet pipe; 73. Purified gas inlet; 74. Product gas outlet; 8. Gas storage cabinet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0044] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a high temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace 1, comprising:

[0046] A furnace body 11, the furnace body 11 includes an upper high-temperature dry distillation cracking carbonization section and a lower gasification agent activation section, the furnace body 11 is made of high-temperature resistant high-manganese steel or a high-position water tank convection jacket, the inner surface of the furnace body 11 is provided with a heat-insulating layer, a carbon-based material outlet 112 is provided at the bottom, and a first cracking gas outlet 111 is provided at the top;

[0047] a first material bin 13, wherein the first material bin 13 is disposed on the top of the furnace body 11, and the first material bin 13 is communicated with the interior of the furnace body 11;

[0048] A cooling shaft 14, which is coaxially disposed in the furnace body 11, and is a hollow structure. The top of the cooling shaft 14 is driven by a driving motor 12, and the driving motor 12 is disposed above the furnace body 11;

[0049] A rake distributor 15, the rake distributor 15 is arranged at the upper part of the furnace body 11, and the rake distributor 15 is connected to the cooling shaft 14;

[0050] A material leveler 16, the material leveler 16 is arranged below the rake-type distributor 15 in the furnace body 11, and the material leveler 16 is connected to the cooling shaft 14;

[0051] The spiral porous plate 17, the cooling shaft 14 is used to cool the spiral porous plate 17, the spiral porous plate 17 is arranged below the flat material device 16 in the furnace body 11, the spiral porous plate 17 is spirally arranged around the cooling shaft 14, and is spirally connected to the cooling shaft 14;

[0052] A horizontal support cooling pipe 18, wherein the horizontal support cooling pipe 18 includes a plurality of cooling pipes, and the horizontal support cooling pipe 18 is connected to the cooling shaft 14 and the spiral porous plate;

[0053] A carbon removal scraper 19, which is disposed at the bottom of the furnace body 11 and connected to the bottom of the cooling shaft 14;

[0054] The spiral porous plate 17 includes a carbonization section spiral porous plate 171 and an activation gasification section spiral porous plate 172. The axial spacing of the carbonization section spiral porous plate 171 is 100mm-500mm, and the axial spacing of the activation gasification section spiral porous plate 172 is 100mm-300mm.

[0055] In some embodiments, the thermal insulation layer includes a thermal insulation inner layer, a thermal insulation middle layer, and a thermal insulation outer layer;

[0056] The thermal insulation inner layer is made of high-magnesium refractory bricks, or high-aluminum or high-chromium castables;

[0057] The thermal insulation middle layer is made of lightweight mullite casting material or refractory bricks;

[0058] The heat-insulating outer layer is insulated by ceramic fibers.

[0059] In some embodiments, the inclination angle of the spiral porous plate 17 is smaller than the stacking repose angle of the material on the spiral porous plate 17 .

[0060] In some embodiments, the spiral porous plate 17 is provided with a plurality of circular holes, the porosity of the spiral porous plate 17 is 15%-30%, the diameter of the circular holes is 10-20 mm, and the spacing between the plurality of circular holes is greater than 10 mm; the spacing between the plurality of horizontal support cooling pipes 18 is 100-200 mm.

[0061] In some embodiments, the spiral porous plate 17 is a hollow structure, the interior of the spiral porous plate 17 is connected with the interior of the horizontal support cooling pipe and the interior of the cooling shaft 14, and the spiral porous plate 17, the horizontal support cooling pipe and the cooling shaft 14 are cooled by the shaft cooling device 2. In some embodiments, the spiral porous plate 17 can also be a porous shell-and-tube spiral box device box connected to the cooling shaft 14.

[0062] By introducing cooling medium (for example, cooling water) into the hollow spiral porous plate 17, the horizontal support cooling tube 18 and the cooling shaft 14, the heat of the spiral porous plate 17 is transferred to the horizontal support cooling tube 18, and the cooling medium in the horizontal support cooling tube 18 exchanges heat through convection conduction, thereby increasing the temperature drop of the spiral porous plate 17 and the horizontal support cooling tube 18 and reducing the heat loss caused by the continuous circulation of the circulating water. At the same time, it can also prevent the spiral porous plate 17 and the horizontal support cooling tube 18 from being too high in temperature. High temperature affects the life of the equipment and reduces the stringent requirements of the high temperature of the internal thermal cracking furnace on the steel material.

[0063] In some embodiments, for a small spiral high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace 1, the horizontal support cooling pipe 18 and the cooling shaft 14 can be a single-layer pipe, the cooling water enters from the top of the cooling shaft 14 and passes out from the bottom of the cooling shaft 14, and the horizontal support cooling pipe 18 and the cooling shaft 14 are welded. In some embodiments, the wall thickness of the cooling shaft 14 is 10-20mm, the wall thickness of the horizontal support cooling pipe is 6-10mm, and the wall thickness of the spiral porous plate 17 is 10-20mm. In some embodiments, the cooling shaft 14 can include multiple sections, and the multiple sections of the cooling shaft 14 are flange-connected. The material of the cooling shaft 14 is 304, 316L, 310S and 20G steel from low temperature to high temperature, and the horizontal support cooling pipe 18 and the spiral porous plate 17 are the same as the cooling shaft 14 in the corresponding position.

[0064] In some embodiments, for a large spiral high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace 1, the horizontal support cooling pipe 18 and the cooling shaft 14 can be double-layer pipes, the inner pipe is a water inlet pipe, and the outer pipe is a water return pipe. The inner pipe of the horizontal support cooling pipe 18 and the inner pipe of the cooling shaft 14 are welded, and the outer pipe of the horizontal support cooling pipe 18 and the outer pipe of the cooling shaft 14 are connected by flanges. In some embodiments, the wall thickness of the cooling shaft 14 is 20-30mm, the wall thickness of the horizontal support cooling pipe is 10-20mm, and the wall thickness of the spiral porous plate 17 is 20-30mm. The materials of the cooling shaft 14, the horizontal support cooling pipe 18, and the spiral porous plate 17 are the same as those of the cooling shaft 14, the horizontal support cooling pipe 18, and the spiral porous plate 17 of the small spiral high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace 1.

[0065] In some embodiments, the spiral porous plate 17 located in the gasification agent activation section of the furnace body 11 is a spiral tube box plate, and the horizontal supporting cooling pipe 18 draws out the cooling medium from the inner tube (water inlet pipe) of the cooling shaft 14, and the cooling medium then enters from the bottom of the box body of the spiral tube box plate. After passing through the spiral tube box plate, the cooling medium returns to the outer tube (return pipe) of the cooling shaft 14.

[0066] In some embodiments, the shaft cooling device 2 includes a high-level water tank to control the outlet water pressure and temperature. The shaft cooling device 2 takes in water through the furnace bottom and the furnace top of the furnace body 11; the furnace bottom valve takes in normal temperature water at the initial operation, and the high-level water tank takes in water from the furnace top valve during operation to control the pressure of the convection water in the furnace and the outlet water temperature. The cooling water temperature in the furnace is controlled at 100-200°C, and the return water temperature is controlled at 60°C. Keep adding less water in the furnace to maintain high temperature. Due to the large thermal conductivity of steel, the heat transfer amplitude of water is large, the cooling effect is good, and the plate temperature is easy to control. By setting the shaft cooling device 2, the high-temperature safe operation of the equipment is guaranteed, circulating water is saved, and heat loss is reduced. Thereby, the safety of high-temperature damage to the equipment is controllable and energy consumption is reduced.

[0067] In some embodiments, the furnace body 11 is a high-position water tank convection jacket for heat exchange, and the width of the high-position water tank convection jacket is 80-100 mm. By setting the furnace body 11 as a high-position water tank convection jacket, the temperature of the furnace body 11 environment can be better controlled.

[0068] like Figure 2-Figure 4 As shown, the embodiment of the present application also provides a cracking gas reforming system, comprising the high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace 1 as described in any of the above items, and further comprising:

[0069] A shaft cooling device 2, wherein the shaft cooling device 2 is connected to at least one end of the cooling shaft 14, and the shaft cooling device 2 adopts high-level water tank convection cooling;

[0070] A reforming combustion chamber 3, wherein the reforming combustion chamber 3 comprises a reforming burner 31 and a catalytic reforming chamber 32, wherein the reforming burner 31 is arranged in the catalytic reforming chamber 32, and the reforming burner 31 is provided with a first combustion gas inlet 311, a first combustion-supporting pure oxygen inlet and a first mixed cracking gas inlet 321; the catalytic reforming chamber 32 is provided with a reforming gas outlet 322, and the combustion gas inlet 311 and the first mixed cracking gas inlet 321 are both connected to the first cracking gas outlet 111 of the furnace body 11 and the second cracking gas outlet 512 of the low-temperature carbonization furnace 5 through a gas delivery pipeline;

[0071] The energy supply combustion chamber 4 is provided with a second combustion gas inlet 41, a second combustion-supporting pure oxygen inlet and a second mixed cracking gas inlet; the second combustion gas inlet 41 and the second mixed cracking gas inlet 42 are both connected with the first cracking gas outlet 111 of the furnace body 11 and the second cracking gas outlet 512 of the low-temperature carbonization furnace 5 through a gas delivery pipeline; the energy supply combustion chamber 4 is arranged on the outer wall surface of the furnace body 11 and is connected with the interior of the furnace body 11; the energy supply combustion chamber can be provided in a single layer or multiple layers, with at least one provided each time.

[0072] A low temperature carbonization furnace 5, wherein the low temperature carbonization furnace 5 is divided into three sections: upper, middle and lower. The upper section is a rake-type distributor, the middle section is a shell and tube type low temperature carbonization furnace, and the lower section is a carbon discharge space. A pusher auger 511 is provided in the tube side 51 of the low temperature carbonization furnace 5, and a shell side 52 of the low temperature carbonization furnace 5 is used to pass high temperature and high quality gas. A second silo 53 is provided at the top of the low temperature carbonization furnace 5, and a second cracking gas outlet 512 is provided in the rake-type distributor space at the top of the tube side 51, and the second cracking gas outlet 512 is connected to the first cracking gas outlet 111. A biochar outlet 521 connected to the top of the furnace body 11 is provided in the carbon discharge space at the bottom of the tube side 51, and a reforming gas inlet 522 connected to the reforming gas outlet 322 is provided at the bottom of the shell side 52, and a purified gas outlet 523 is provided at the top of the shell side 52.

[0073] In some embodiments, the biochar discharge temperature of the biochar outlet 521 is 30-40° C., and the discharged biochar can be used as a carbon-based fertilizer;

[0074] In some embodiments, the biochar at the biochar outlet 521 can be sent to the top of the furnace body 11 by a lift and enter the furnace body 11; the discharge temperature of the biochar at the biochar outlet 521 is 120-400°C, and the biochar at this temperature is all fed into the furnace to produce carbon-based materials.

[0075] By using the high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace 1 and the low-temperature carbonization furnace 5 in parallel, the high-temperature furnace cracking gas and the low-temperature furnace cracking gas produced can be reformed through the reforming device to produce clean high-quality gas. The biochar produced by cooling and recovering the heat of the low-temperature carbonization furnace 5 is sent back to the high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace 1 in a closed state to produce carbon-based materials, which has no effect on the furnace condition and reduces heat loss. The high-value conversion of biomass is maximized, and the low-temperature carbonization furnace 5 indirectly heats the cracking carbonization to recover the heat of the reformed high-quality gas to produce low-temperature furnace cracking gas and biochar. The high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace 1 and the low-temperature carbonization furnace 5 complement each other, and the effect of common integrated application and two furnaces becoming one furnace is achieved, realizing the comprehensive utilization of sensible heat.

[0076] In some embodiments, the cracked gas entering the first combustion gas inlet 311 is used for combustion in the central channel of the reforming burner 31, and the cracked gas entering the first mixed cracking gas inlet 321 is used for balancing the temperature of the outer ring of the reforming burner 31 or entering the catalytic reforming chamber 32 for reforming and cracking. The reforming burner 31 includes three layers from the inside to the outside, the central layer is used to pass the combustion medium (for example, high temperature furnace cracking gas, low temperature furnace cracking gas), the middle layer is used to pass the combustion medium (for example, pure oxygen, oxygen-enriched, air), and the outer layer is used to pass the cooling temperature-averaging medium (for example, high temperature furnace cracking gas, low temperature furnace cracking gas). The reforming burner 31 is a W-shaped structure, and a V-cone-shaped porous plate fuel gas medium distributor is arranged in the center of the reforming burner 31. The axial distance of the V-cone is lengthened to extend the exhaust stroke space of the fuel gas medium. The number of openings at the bottom of the V-cone is large, and the opening direction is radial opening; a combustion medium distributor is arranged in the middle of the reforming burner 31, and a radial porous plate is arranged on the inner circumference of the combustion medium distributor, corresponding to the central fuel gas V-cone distributor. The fuel gas medium and the combustion medium flow, collide, distribute and mix evenly to burn, and control the flame temperature to be uniform. A small number of holes are opened on the outer circumference of the combustion medium distributor to cool the cracked gas and burn the flame evenly. The catalytic reforming chamber 32 is provided with a sight glass observation hole, three thermocouples and a pressure gauge to obtain various parameters of the combustion chamber.

[0077] In some embodiments, the temperature of the catalytic reforming chamber 32 is 1100-1600°C.

[0078] In some embodiments, the structure of the energy supply combustion chamber 4 is the same as that of the reforming combustion chamber 3. The energy supply combustion chamber 4 includes an energy supply burner, which is the same as the reforming burner 31, and the energy supply burner includes three layers from the inside to the outside. In some embodiments, the temperature of the energy supply combustion chamber 4 is 700-1300°C, and the high temperature can eliminate dioxins or form high-temperature carbon, and the low temperature can completely gasify the carbon without forming scabbing blocks.

[0079] In some embodiments, the energy supply combustion chamber 4 can be provided with multiple layers, and each layer can be provided with multiple layers. The energy supply combustion chamber 4 is arranged outside the furnace body 11 along the axial direction of the furnace body 11. The energy supply combustion chamber 4 located in the gasification and activation section of the furnace body 11 performs high-temperature 1200°C oxygen-poor combustion to crack and carbonize and activate to generate high-temperature carbon, which can eliminate dioxins in the raw materials and CO2 generated at low temperature in the lower part. The energy supply combustion chamber 4 located at the bottom of the furnace body performs 700°C slightly overoxygen combustion. It is used to completely gasify the upper high-temperature cracking to form carbon, completely gasify the biomass at low temperature, and eliminate dioxins in solid waste.

[0080] In some embodiments, the cracking gas reforming system also includes a heat exchanger 6 and a steam generator 61, the reforming gas outlet 322 of the reforming combustion chamber 3 is connected to the inlet of the steam generator 61, the outlet of the steam generator 61 is connected to the first inlet of the heat exchanger 6, and the first outlet of the heat exchanger 6 is connected to the reforming gas inlet 522 of the low-temperature carbonization furnace 5; the second inlet of the heat exchanger 6 is connected to the first cracking gas outlet 111 and the second cracking gas outlet 512, and the second outlet of the heat exchanger 6 is connected to the first combustion gas inlet 311 and the first mixed cracking gas inlet 321 of the reforming combustion chamber 3, and the second combustion gas inlet 41 and the second mixed cracking gas inlet 42 of the energy supply combustion chamber 4; the first inlet is connected to the first outlet, and the second inlet is connected to the second outlet.

[0081] The steam outlet of the steam generator is connected to the first mixed cracking gas inlet and the second mixed cracking gas inlet of the energy supply combustion chamber, and is used to balance the smoke flame temperature and provide a catalyst or activator.

[0082] In some embodiments, the heat exchanger 6 and the steam generator 61 are both shell and tube heat exchangers; the first inlet and the first outlet of the heat exchanger 6 are both ends of the tube side, and the second inlet and the second outlet are both ends of the shell side. In some other embodiments, the tube side and the shell side of the heat exchanger 6 can be exchanged, which does not affect the implementation of the solution of this embodiment.

[0083] In some embodiments, the steam generator 61 includes a water inlet and a steam outlet. The water inlet is located on the side of the steam generator 61 connected to the heat exchanger 6, and the steam outlet is located on the side of the steam generator 61 connected to the reforming combustion chamber 3, so that the interior of the steam generator 61 is countercurrent heat exchange, which can better control the outlet temperature of the steam generator 61 and recover heat.

[0084] The high-temperature reforming gas at the outlet of the reforming combustion chamber 3 has a temperature of 1100-1600°C. Since the reforming gas temperature is relatively high and exceeds the normal heat exchange temperature range of the heat exchanger 6, a steam generator 61 is provided to cool the reforming gas to 1300°C through countercurrent heat exchange before entering the heat exchanger 6 for cooling.

[0085] By providing the heat exchanger 6, heat can be further recovered and the energy consumption of the system can be reduced.

[0086] In some embodiments, an intercooler 7 and a gas storage cabinet 8 are also included, wherein the intercooler 7 includes a water inlet pipe 71, a water outlet pipe 72, a purified gas inlet port 73, and a purified gas outlet port 74. The intercooler 7 is used to cool the purified gas; the purified gas outlet port 74 of the intercooler 7 is connected to the gas storage cabinet 8. After passing through the intercooler 7, the temperature of the purified gas drops to 35-40°C.

[0087] In some embodiments, it also includes a first pressure-stabilizing fan and a second pressure-stabilizing fan. The first pressure-stabilizing fan is arranged at the first cracking gas outlet 111 of the furnace body 11, and is used to transport the cracking gas from the high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace 1 to the reforming combustion chamber 3 and the energy supply combustion chamber 4. The second pressure-stabilizing fan is arranged at the second cracking gas outlet 512 of the low-temperature carbonization furnace 5, and is used to transport the cracking gas from the low-temperature carbonization furnace 5 to the reforming combustion chamber 3 and the energy supply combustion chamber 4.

[0088] In some embodiments, a feeding device is also included, which includes a storage bin and a conveying device. The conveying device can be a vacuum conveying fan, a belt conveyor or a bucket elevator. The conveying device can transport the biomass in the storage bin to the first bin 13 and / or the second bin 53.

[0089] In some embodiments, a discharging device is also included, which includes a water-cooled fan, a water-cooled conveying auger and a first elevator connected in sequence. The discharging device conveys the biochar to a disc cooler to be cooled to 30°C, and then conveys it to a finished product storage bin via a second elevator, automatically packs the finished products, and conveys them to a warehouse for storage and sale.

[0090] The present application also provides a cracking gas reforming method, comprising the following steps:

[0091] S1. Send the biomass into the low-temperature carbonization furnace 5 for second cracking to obtain biochar and second cracking gas.

[0092] After the biomass is fed into the low-temperature carbonization furnace 5, low-temperature pyrolysis is performed in the low-temperature carbonization furnace 5. The biomass is initially pyrolyzed into biochar and pyrolysis gas. Since it is performed at a low temperature, there are still a few parts in the biochar that are not completely pyrolyzed or volatilized, such as tar, vinegar, etc., but the second pyrolysis gas contains high-purity CO and H2. In this step, the biomass is pyrolyzed at a temperature of 800-1000°C to obtain the second pyrolysis gas at this temperature.

[0093] S2. Send the biomass and biochar into the high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization gasification activation furnace 1 for first pyrolysis to obtain a biochar product and a first pyrolysis gas.

[0094] The first pyrolysis is high-temperature pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis gas temperature is 120-150°C. The biochar obtained by the second pyrolysis and the unpyrolyzed biomass are used as raw materials for the first pyrolysis, and are pyrolyzed and carbonized at 700-1000°C in the high-temperature dry distillation pyrolysis carbonization section at the upper part of the furnace body 11 of the high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization gasification activation furnace 1 to obtain biochar and the first pyrolysis gas, and then the biochar falls in the high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization gasification activation furnace 1 along the spiral porous plate 17, enters the gasification agent activation section at the lower part of the furnace body 11, and is gasified and activated at 700-1300°C to obtain the activated product charcoal.

[0095] S3, mixing the first cracked gas and the second cracked gas to obtain a mixed cracked gas, and heating the mixed cracked gas through a heat exchanger.

[0096] S4, using a portion of the heated mixed cracking gas to burn in the energy supply combustion chamber to supply energy and gasification activator to the high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace 1, and the other portion to cool and balance the high-temperature flue gas temperature;

[0097] In some embodiments, the combustion-supporting medium in the energy supply combustion chamber 4 can be pure oxygen (oxygen content is 93-99.6%), and the oxygen-deficient combustion high-temperature flue gas of pure oxygen provides heat energy and gasification activators CO2 and H2O for the high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace 1, so as to carry out gasification activation, cracking carbonization and produce high-value carbon-based materials.

[0098] In some embodiments, the combustion-supporting medium in the energy supply combustion chamber 4 can also be oxygen-rich (oxygen content is 50-60%) or air (oxygen content is 21%). The oxygen-rich medium contains nitrogen. The nitrogen-containing high-temperature flue gas provides heat energy and gasification activators CO2 and H2O for the high-temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace 1 to carry out gasification activation, cracking and carbonization to produce high-value carbon-based materials.

[0099] S5, the remaining part of the mixed cracking gas is used to supply energy to the reforming combustion chamber 3 and provide the reforming catalyst CO2 / H2O. The remaining cracking gas is catalytically reformed and purified from tar and vinegar liquid in the reforming combustion chamber 3, and the reforming temperature is controlled at 1100-1600°C to obtain reformed gas.

[0100] In some embodiments, the combustion-supporting medium in the reforming combustion chamber 3 can be pure oxygen. The oxygen-poor combustion of pure oxygen produces high-temperature flue gas, which provides heat energy and reforming catalysts CO2 and H2O for the catalytic reforming process, reforms tar and low-molecular hydrocarbons, and obtains high-quality synthesis gas, namely reformed gas (CO, H2).

[0101] In some embodiments, the combustion-supporting medium in the reforming combustion chamber 3 can be oxygen-rich or air. The oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor combustion produces nitrogen-containing high-temperature flue gas, which provides heat energy and reforming catalysts CO2 and H2O for the catalytic reforming process, reforms tar and low molecular weight hydrocarbons, and obtains high-quality synthesis gas, namely reformed gas (CO, H2).

[0102] By performing oxygen-poor combustion in the energy supply combustion chamber 4 and the reforming combustion chamber 3 to form high-temperature flue gas, the biomass is cracked, carbonized, gasified and activated to form carbon-based materials, eliminating the temperature control caused by the low ash melting point of the burning biomass ash, and the high temperature is controlled above 1200°C to achieve carbon graphite regularization, cracking, carbonizing, gasifying and activating light garbage, and high-temperature reforming tar and hydrocarbons, and high-temperature elimination of dioxins. It can effectively treat biomass waste and protect the environment.

[0103] S6, cooling the reformed gas and exchanging heat with the mixed cracking gas to reduce the temperature of the reformed gas, and then exchanging heat with the low-temperature carbonization furnace 5 to obtain purified gas after cooling;

[0104] In this step, heat exchange is performed with the mixed cracking gas in step S2, the temperature of the mixed cracking gas is increased, heat can be recovered, and the combustion efficiency of the mixed cracking gas is improved.

[0105] Through the cracking gas reforming method, it is possible to produce carbon-based materials by providing heat energy from the reforming system itself, eliminate vinegar liquid and tar, and achieve self-cleaning integrated production of high-value carbon-based materials and high-quality synthesis gas.

[0106] In some embodiments, after step S6, the method further includes: cooling the purified gas to 80-150° C. through an intercooler 7 and then storing the purified gas in a gas storage cabinet 8 .

[0107] In some embodiments, the temperature of the first cracking gas is 120-150°C, the temperature of the second cracking gas is 80-100°C, the temperature of the mixed cracking gas after heat exchange and heating is 120-200°C, the temperature of the reforming combustion chamber is 1100-1600°C, and the temperature of the energy supply combustion chamber is 700-1300°C.

[0108] A cracking gas reforming method provided in an embodiment of the present application realizes the use of low-value biomass as raw materials, and through the "double self-integration" (self-energy, self-cleaning, cracking carbonization and gasification activation integration) technology, high-value carbon-based materials (such as steel carbon, negative electrode hard carbon, activated carbon) and high-quality gases (such as pure oxygen synthesis gas, oxygen-rich high calorific value gas, air low calorific value gas) are efficiently produced. The system uses self-produced cracking gas and combustion-supporting gas (pure oxygen, oxygen-rich or air) for oxygen-poor combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas as a heat source and catalyst for cracking carbonization and gasification activation, and purifies tar and low-molecular hydrocarbons through high-temperature reforming technology to generate clean, high-quality gas. The entire process does not require external energy, eliminates by-products such as vinegar liquid and tar, and realizes efficient utilization of biomass resources and environmentally friendly production.

[0109] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0110] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device including the elements.

[0111] The above is a detailed introduction to a transformer fault monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof provided by the present application. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; at the same time, for general technical personnel in this field, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation method and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A high temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace, characterized in that: include: A furnace body, the furnace body comprising an upper high-temperature dry distillation cracking carbonization section and a lower gasification agent activation section, the furnace body is made of high-temperature resistant high-manganese steel or a high-position water tank convection jacket, the inner surface of the furnace body is provided with a heat-insulating layer, the bottom is provided with a carbon base material outlet, and the top is provided with a first cracking gas outlet; A first material bin, the first material bin is arranged on the top of the furnace body, and the first material bin is communicated with the interior of the furnace body; A cooling shaft, the cooling shaft is coaxially arranged in the furnace body, the cooling shaft is a hollow structure, the top of the cooling shaft is driven by a driving motor, and the driving motor is arranged above the furnace body; A rake-type distributor, the rake-type distributor is arranged at the upper part of the furnace body, and the rake-type distributor is connected to the cooling shaft; A material leveler, the material leveler is arranged below the rake-type distributor in the furnace body, and the material leveler is connected to the cooling shaft; A spiral porous plate, wherein the cooling shaft is used to cool the spiral porous plate, the spiral porous plate is arranged below the flat material feeder in the furnace body, the spiral porous plate is spirally arranged around the cooling shaft, and is spirally connected to the cooling shaft; A horizontal support cooling pipe, wherein the horizontal support cooling pipe comprises a plurality of cooling pipes, and the horizontal support cooling pipe is connected to the cooling shaft and the spiral porous plate; A carbon removal scraper, the carbon removal scraper is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and the carbon removal scraper is connected to the bottom of the cooling shaft; The spiral porous plates include a carbonization section spiral porous plate and an activation gasification section spiral porous plate. The axial spacing of the carbonization section spiral porous plates is 100mm-500mm, and the axial spacing of the activation gasification section spiral porous plates is 100mm-300mm.

2. The high temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal insulation layer comprises a thermal insulation inner layer, a thermal insulation middle layer and a thermal insulation outer layer; The thermal insulation inner layer is made of high-magnesium refractory bricks, or high-aluminum or high-chromium castables; The thermal insulation middle layer is made of lightweight mullite casting material or refractory bricks; The heat-insulating outer layer is insulated by ceramic fibers.

3. The high temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the spiral porous plate is smaller than the stacking repose angle of the materials on the spiral porous plate.

4. The high temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral porous plate is provided with a plurality of circular holes, the opening rate of the spiral porous plate is 15%-30%, the diameter of the circular holes is 10-20 mm, and the spacing between the plurality of circular holes is greater than 10 mm; the spacing between the plurality of horizontal support cooling pipes is 100-200 mm.

5. The high temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace body is a high-position water tank convection jacket, and the width of the high-position water tank convection jacket is 80-100mm.

6. A cracking gas reforming system, characterized in that: The high temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 5 further comprises: A shaft cooling device, the shaft cooling device is connected to at least one end of the cooling shaft, and the shaft cooling adopts high-level water tank convection cooling; A reforming combustion chamber, the reforming combustion chamber comprising a reforming burner and a catalytic reforming chamber, the reforming burner being arranged in the catalytic reforming chamber, the reforming burner being provided with a first combustion gas inlet and a first mixed cracking gas inlet; the catalytic reforming chamber being provided with a reforming gas outlet, the first combustion gas inlet and the first mixed cracking gas inlet both being connected to the first cracking gas outlet of the furnace body through a gas delivery pipeline; An energy supply combustion chamber, wherein the energy supply combustion chamber is provided with a second combustion gas inlet and a second mixed cracking gas inlet, wherein the second combustion gas inlet and the second mixed cracking gas inlet are both connected to the first cracking gas outlet of the furnace body through a gas delivery pipeline, and the energy supply combustion chamber is arranged on the outer wall surface of the furnace body and is connected to the interior of the furnace body; A low-temperature carbonization furnace, the low-temperature carbonization furnace is a shell and tube type low-temperature carbonization furnace, a pushing auger is provided in the tube side of the low-temperature carbonization furnace, the shell side of the low-temperature carbonization furnace is used to pass high-temperature and high-quality gas, the top of the low-temperature carbonization furnace is provided with a second silo connected to the top of the tube side, the top of the tube side is provided with a second cracking gas outlet, the second cracking gas outlet is connected to the first cracking gas outlet, the bottom of the tube side is provided with a biochar outlet connected to the top of the furnace body, the bottom of the shell side is provided with a reforming gas inlet connected to the reforming gas outlet, and the top of the shell side is provided with a purified gas outlet.

7. The cracked gas reforming system according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a heat exchanger and a steam generator; the reformed gas outlet of the reforming combustion chamber is communicated with the inlet of the steam generator, the outlet of the steam generator is communicated with the first inlet of the heat exchanger, and the first outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the reformed gas inlet of the low-temperature carbonization furnace; the second inlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the first cracking gas outlet and the second cracking gas outlet, and the second outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the first combustion gas inlet and the first mixed cracking gas inlet of the reforming combustion chamber, and the second combustion gas inlet and the second mixed cracking gas inlet of the energy supply combustion chamber; The first inlet is communicated with the first outlet, and the second inlet is communicated with the second outlet; The steam outlet of the steam generator is communicated with the first mixed cracking gas inlet and the second mixed cracking gas inlet of the energy supply combustion chamber.

8. The cracked gas reforming system according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes an intercooler and a gas storage cabinet. The intercooler includes a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a purified gas inlet, and a product gas outlet. The intercooler is used to cool the purified gas. The product gas outlet of the intercooler is connected to the gas storage cabinet.

9. A cracking gas reforming method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The biomass is fed into a low-temperature carbonization furnace for secondary pyrolysis to obtain biochar and secondary pyrolysis gas; The biomass and biochar are fed into a high temperature pyrolysis carbonization gasification activation furnace for first pyrolysis to obtain a biochar product and a first pyrolysis gas; The first cracked gas and the second cracked gas are mixed to obtain a mixed cracked gas, and the mixed cracked gas is heated by heat exchange; A portion of the heated mixed cracking gas is used for combustion in the energy supply combustion chamber to supply energy and gasification activator to the high temperature cracking carbonization gasification activation furnace, and the other portion is used for cooling and balancing the high temperature flue gas temperature; The remaining part of the mixed cracking gas is used to supply energy and reforming catalyst to the reforming combustion chamber, and the remaining mixed cracking gas is subjected to catalytic reforming of tar and vinegar liquid in the reforming combustion chamber to obtain reformed gas; The reformed gas is cooled and then heat exchanged with the mixed cracking gas. After the temperature of the reformed gas is reduced, heat exchange is performed with a low-temperature carbonization furnace to obtain purified gas after the temperature is reduced.

10. The cracked gas reforming method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The temperature of the first cracking gas is 120-150°C, the temperature of the second cracking gas is 80-100°C, the temperature of the mixed cracking gas after heat exchange and heating is 120-200°C, the temperature of the reforming combustion chamber is 1100-1600°C, and the temperature of the energy supply combustion chamber is 700-1300°C.

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