Historical building point sloshing wall surface construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a historical building point sloshing wall surface construction method which comprises the following steps: analyzing mortar components of a wall surface, and determining the component proportion of water, cement, lime and aggregate; according to the components of the mortar, the mortar for repairing the wall surface is subjected to trial preparation; the wall surface is cleaned and chiseled away; the cleaned and chiseled wall surface is polished; the wall surface is subjected to seam removing; salt elimination is conducted on the wall surface; brushing a reinforcing agent on the wall surface; jointing the wall surface; the wall surface is wetted, floating ash is cleaned, and a base layer of the wall surface is formed; rolling and brushing lime slurry on the base layer of the wall surface; leveling ash is smeared; preparing point shaking surface layer mortar; a shaking surface layer mortar is proportioned; judging whether the wall surface adopts large sloshing construction, medium sloshing construction or small sloshing construction; construction of large sloshing or medium sloshing or small sloshing is carried out by adopting the same process of the original wall surface. According to the construction method for the historical building point sloshing wall surface, the historical building point sloshing wall surface has the age sense, it is guaranteed that new and old wall surfaces are naturally transited, the working efficiency is improved, and the construction cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of construction, and in particular relates to a construction method for a historical building dotted wall. Background Art

[0002] Historical buildings are artistic treasures and cultural heritage left to us by our ancestors. Historical buildings carry historical information and are non-renewable, which determines the precious value of historical buildings and the importance of protecting them. The facades of historical buildings are important carriers of architectural style and architectural art, as well as media for preserving historical information and finishing techniques. In the current renovation process of building walls, it is advocated to preserve as much historical information as possible.

[0003] In the process of urban renewal, the skills of traditional craftsmen have been basically lost, and the construction skills of workers vary. Usually, the entire outer surface of the exterior wall is chiseled off and replaced with another kind of staggered wall, or plastering and painting are directly applied on the staggered outer surface. The building is transformed from old to new, with a strong sense of disharmony, and there is no sense of age or traces of time. In the process of renovation, the original form was not restored, which made the architectural heritage lose its historical value, cultural and scientific value.

[0004] Therefore, it is a technical problem to be solved urgently to develop a construction method for the dotted walls of historical buildings, in which the protection and repair follow the principles of authenticity, integrity and reversibility, so that the walls have a sense of age and historical memory, avoid rework, ensure a natural transition between old and new walls, improve work efficiency and reduce construction costs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a dotted wall of a historical building, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art of renovating a historical building from old to new, with a strong sense of disharmony, and without a sense of age or traces of time.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention proposes a method for constructing a historical building wall surface, comprising: Step (1): Analyze the mortar components of the wall to determine the proportions of water, cement, lime and aggregate; Step (2): Trial mix the mortar for wall repair according to the mortar components; Step (3): Clean and chisel the wall surface; Step (4): Grinding the cleaned and chiseled wall surface; Step (5): Cut the seams on the wall; Step (6): Remove salt from the wall surface; Step (7): Apply the enhancer on the wall; Step (8): Point the wall surface; Step (9): Wetting the wall surface, cleaning the dust, and forming the base layer of the wall surface; Step (10): rolling and brushing lime slurry on the base layer of the wall; Step (11): Apply leveling mortar; Step (12): preparing the surface mortar with a dotted shake, wherein the dotted shake includes large shake, medium shake and small shake; Ratio of Dahuanghuang: The ratio of cement, lime paste, sand, acrylic latex and paper reinforcement ranges from 1:0.05:0.8:0.05:0.02 to 1:0.1:1.2:0.07:0.03; The ratio of Zhonghuanghuang: The ratio of cement, lime paste, sand, acrylic latex and paper reinforcement ranges from 1: 0.2: 0.55: 0.05: 0.02 to 1: 0.25: 0.7: 0.07: 0.03; The ratio of Xiaohuanghuang: The ratio of cement, lime paste, sand, acrylic latex and paper reinforcement ranges from 1:0.33:0.2:0.05:0.023 to 1:0.4:0.3:0.07:0.03; Step (13): When the leveling mortar is not completely dry, moisten it with water and scrape the lime slurry; Step (14): Construction of the surface layer: S141: According to the mechanism of the wall, determine whether the wall is constructed using large sway construction, medium sway construction or small sway construction; S142: Use the same process as the original wall to carry out large, medium or small shake construction.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present application, the step (1) includes: S11: sampling the wall surface; S12: drying and weighing the first mortar sample obtained by sampling; S13: acid treatment: acid treatment of the first mortar sample, filtering and drying after the acid treatment; S14: alkali treatment: alkali treatment of the first mortar sample, filtering and drying after the alkali treatment; S15: after the first mortar sample is subjected to the acid treatment and the alkali treatment, the cement, lime and aggregate are separated by screening.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present application, step (4) includes: S41: grinding the wall surface after chiseling; S42: patching and replacing loose bricks on the wall surface.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, the step (5) includes: S51: chiseling the wall surface, with the chiseling depth being not less than 30 mm; S52: using an air pipe to blow away dust in the gaps formed by chiseling.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present application, step (6) includes: S61: sampling the wall surface at intervals, and testing the soluble salt content of the plurality of second mortar samples obtained by sampling; S62: applying wet rice paper pulp to the wall surface locations where the salt content detected in the plurality of second mortar samples exceeds the standard, so that the rice paper pulp precipitates the soluble salt in the building during the drying process.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, in the S142, the large shaking construction includes the following steps: first apply a surface layer of 16mm to 22mm of dotted gray, and before the initial setting, soak the grass heads with lime slurry to a moderate hardness and softness, dip the grass heads on the surface gray, twist and pull, and form 2cm to 3cm of hair heads; the medium shaking construction includes the following steps: first apply a surface layer of 8mm to 10mm of dotted gray, and before the initial setting, dip a brown brush in the slurry and vertically point it on the surface gray and pull it evenly to form a hair head of about 1cm to 1.5cm; the small shaking construction includes the following steps: first apply a surface layer of 5mm to 7mm of dotted gray, use a hard-bristled brown brush or a mud board to vertically pat the surface gray on the wall to pull out 0.5cm to 0.7cm of hair heads.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, in step (13), the ratio of water to lime in the lime slurry is in the range of 0.37:1 to 0.40:1.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present application, after step (14), step (15) is performed, and step (15) includes: S151: after the construction of the dot-shaking surface layer mortar is completed, it is placed at room temperature for 24 hours, and then a thin mist is sprayed on the dot-shaking surface layer for 7 days; S152: Water repellent: after the wall surface is completely dry, a water repellent agent is applied to the dot-shaking surface layer with a spray gun or a brush.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present application, the step (11) includes: S111: hanging vertically, fitting in a square, finding the rule, making mortar cakes, and filling reinforcement; S112: applying cement mortar in layers until it is flush with the reinforcement.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, S112 includes: in the process of applying the leveling mortar, sweep the hair with a broom, and apply the next layer when it is not completely dry, and the thickness of each layer of cement mortar is controlled at 6mm to 8mm; the ratio of cement, lime and sand in the cement mortar is in the range of 1:1:4 to 1:1:6.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: By judging whether to use large, medium or small shaking techniques according to the mechanism of the walls of historical buildings, the historical buildings can be imitated to make the restoration of the historical buildings more age-appropriate, and the original appearance of the historical buildings can be maintained, ensuring a natural transition between the old and new walls, improving work efficiency, reducing construction costs, and ensuring the effect and appearance; by adding acrylic emulsion to the point-shaking mortar, it can have a little elasticity and will not crack, so it is not easy to hurt people or break when touched. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0018] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0019] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0020] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0021] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0022] The disclosure below provides many different embodiments or examples to implement different structures of the present invention. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the parts and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are only examples, and the purpose is not to limit the present invention. In addition, the present invention can repeat reference numbers and / or reference letters in different examples, and this repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity, which itself does not indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, a method for constructing a dotted wall of a historical building is provided, comprising the following steps: Step (1): Analyze the composition of the wall mortar to determine the proportion of water, cement, lime and aggregate. The main purpose of the mortar composition analysis is to use quantitative methods to estimate the proportion of the components in the mortar and provide a material basis for the repair of historical buildings.

[0024] The mortar component analysis includes the following steps: S11: Sampling the wall surface; S12: drying and weighing the first mortar sample obtained by sampling; S13: Acid treatment: The first mortar sample is subjected to acid treatment, and then filtered and dried after the acid treatment; In the acid treatment process, an acid solution is used to remove oxidized metal and rust from the surface of the wall sample.

[0025] The first mortar sample can be immersed in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid to remove oxides and other films on the surface. This can dissolve scale, salts and other sediments in the drip irrigation pipe (belt). The specific substances removed include carbonates, hydroxides, phosphates and the like.

[0026] S14: Alkali treatment: The first mortar sample is subjected to alkali treatment, and then filtered and dried. Alkali treatment is mainly used to remove oil stains and dissolve amphoteric compounds in alkaline solution. The process of obtaining insoluble components by filtering.

[0027] For example, dissolved aluminum, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, etc.

[0028] S15: After the first mortar sample is subjected to acid treatment and alkali treatment, the cement, lime and aggregate are separated by screening.

[0029] Step (2): Trial mix the mortar for wall repair according to the mortar components; The wall repair materials are mixed in proportion according to the test results of the mortar components in step (1), and trial mixing is carried out with reference to the current status or original state of the wall materials.

[0030] Step (3): Clean and chisel the wall surface; If the wall has hollows, many cracks, large areas of peeling, poor flatness, etc., the original exterior finish and plaster base need to be manually peeled off and chiseled off. Use a handheld flat drill at an angle of 45-60° to the wall to chisel off the original exterior wall plaster to the brick surface layer. Avoid damaging the brick surface layer when chiseling.

[0031] Step (4): Grinding the cleaned and chiseled wall surface; Step (4) includes: S41: Grinding the wall surface after chiseling; S42: Dig out and replace loose bricks on the wall.

[0032] Step (5): Cut the seams on the wall; Step (5) includes: S51: Cut the wall surface with a depth of no less than 30mm; S52: Use an air pipe to blow away the dust in the seams formed by chiseling.

[0033] Step (6): Remove salt from the wall surface; The soluble salt contained in bricks of brick wall dissolves when it meets water and is brought to the surface of the bricks through the microporous structure of the bricks. As the water continues to evaporate, the soluble salt precipitates on the surface of the bricks to form frosty salt crystals, which can easily cause surface alkali return, powdering, and falling off, so the salt must be removed first.

[0034] Step (6) includes: S61: sampling the wall surface at intervals, obtaining a plurality of second mortar samples by sampling, and testing the soluble salt content of the plurality of second mortar samples; S62: Applying wet rice paper pulp to the wall locations where the salt content exceeds the standard detected in the plurality of second mortar samples. The rice paper pulp precipitates soluble salts in the building during the drying process.

[0035] Step (7): Apply the enhancer on the wall; The components of the reinforcing agent include ethyl orthosilicate and ethanol; The ratio of ethyl orthosilicate to ethanol is 1:1.8, which can improve the strength, hardness and durability of bricks, and also reduce the water absorption rate of bricks.

[0036] Step (8): Point the wall surface; In order to strengthen the brick wall, the grouting depth is generally 3cm. Cement mortar is used for layered grouting and compaction to 2-3mm away from the brick surface. It must not be formed in one go to ensure that the mortar can dry in layers and increase the strength.

[0037] The ratio of cement to mortar in cement mortar is 1:3.

[0038] Step (9): Wetting the wall surface, cleaning the dust, and forming the base layer of the wall surface; Manually clean the loose dust from the base layer with water and a wire brush to increase the bonding strength between the base layer and the lime slurry.

[0039] Step (10): Roll and brush lime slurry on the base layer of the wall to better combine the base layer with the plaster layer.

[0040] Step (11): Apply leveling mortar; In step (11), it includes: S111: hanging vertically, fitting squares, finding rules, making ash cakes, and filling reinforcements; S112: Apply cement mortar in layers until it is flush with the reinforcement.

[0041] S112 includes: During the process of leveling the plaster, use a broom to sweep the hair. You can apply the next layer when it is not completely dry. The thickness of each layer of cement mortar should be controlled between 6mm and 8mm. The ratio of cement, lime and sand in cement mortar should be between 1:1:4 and 1:1:6.

[0042] Step (12): preparing the surface mortar with a dotted shake, wherein the dotted shake includes large shake, medium shake and small shake; Ratio of Dahuanghuang: The ratio of cement, lime paste, sand, acrylic latex and paper reinforcement ranges from 1:0.05:0.8:0.05:0.02 to 1:0.1:1.2:0.07:0.03; The ratio of Zhonghuanghuang: The ratio of cement, lime paste, sand, acrylic latex and paper reinforcement ranges from 1: 0.2: 0.55: 0.05: 0.02 to 1: 0.25: 0.7: 0.07: 0.03; The ratio of Xiaohuanghuang: The ratio of cement, lime paste, sand, acrylic latex and paper reinforcement ranges from 1:0.33:0.2:0.05:0.023 to 1:0.4:0.3:0.07:0.03; Adding acrylic emulsion into the surface layer of the paint can make it slightly elastic and prevent it from cracking. It is not easy to hurt people or break when touched.

[0043] Step (13): When the leveling mortar is not completely dry, moisten it with water and scrape lime slurry; the ratio of water to lime in the lime slurry ranges from 0.37:1 to 0.40:1.

[0044] Step (14): Construction of the surface layer: S141: According to the mechanism of the wall, determine whether the wall is constructed using large sway construction, medium sway construction or small sway construction; S142: Use the same process as the original wall to carry out large, medium or small shake construction.

[0045] The use of three construction techniques, large shaking, medium shaking and small shaking, can more accurately restore the original appearance of historical buildings and maintain their sense of age.

[0046] In S142, the large swaying construction includes the following steps: First apply 16mm to 22mm of the surface layer of lime. Before the initial setting, soak the grass head with lime slurry until it is soft and hard enough. Dip the grass head into the surface layer of lime, twist and pull it up to form a 2cm to 3cm hair head. The construction of Zhonghuanghuang includes the following steps: First, apply 8mm to 10mm of the surface layer of ash. Before the initial setting, use a brown brush to dip the slurry and apply it vertically on the surface layer of ash and pull it evenly to form a 1cm to 1.5cm hair head. The construction of Xiaohuanghuang includes the following steps: First apply a 5mm to 7mm surface layer of gray, then use a stiff brown brush or mud board to pat the surface layer of gray vertically onto the wall, leaving 0.5cm to 0.7cm hair ends.

[0047] When point pulling, you should "touch lightly and pull slowly", apply force evenly, and keep the speed consistent; avoid using excessive force or pulling too quickly, which will expose the base ash.

[0048] Before large-scale construction, when several people are working at the same time, a sample plate should be made first to see if everyone's gestures are the same. If there is a big difference, the operators should correct each other's gestures until they are similar before large-scale construction can be carried out.

[0049] The operation should be carried out according to the specified requirements to ensure the consistency of color. The rubbing should not be done randomly and irregularly, and the dotted surface layer at the joint should not overlap. The thickness of the roughened layer at the joint should be strictly controlled to prevent the dotted surface layer from overlapping, resulting in obvious joints and aggravated colors.

[0050] If the hair ends are uneven and the base grey is exposed, it should be smoothed immediately and then re-haired.

[0051] After step (14), step (15) is performed, and step (15) includes: S151: After the construction of the spot-shaking surface mortar is completed, it should be placed at room temperature for 24 hours, and then sprayed with thin mist for 7 days; during the curing period, the thin mist should be sprayed for more than 7 days to achieve the best carbonization and hydration of the lime.

[0052] S152: Water repellent: After the wall is completely dry, apply the water repellent agent on the dot-shaking surface with a spray gun or brush.

[0053] It aims to restore and protect the exterior walls of architectural heritage that inherit historical culture and maintain national spirit, and to form a construction method for the walls of historical buildings. The protection and repair follow the principles of authenticity, integrity and reversibility, so that it has a sense of age and historical memory, avoids rework, ensures a natural transition between old and new walls, improves work efficiency, reduces construction costs, and ensures the effect and appearance.

[0054] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for a person skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions claimed to be protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a point-shaking wall of a historical building, characterized in that: include: Step (1): Analyze the mortar components of the wall to determine the proportions of water, cement, lime and aggregate; Step (2): Trial mix the mortar for wall repair according to the mortar components; Step (3): Clean and chisel the wall surface; Step (4): Grinding the cleaned and chiseled wall surface; Step (5): Cut the seams on the wall; Step (6): Remove salt from the wall surface; Step (7): Apply the enhancer on the wall; Step (8): Point the wall surface; Step (9): Wetting the wall surface, cleaning the dust, and forming the base layer of the wall surface; Step (10): rolling and brushing lime slurry on the base layer of the wall; Step (11): Apply leveling mortar; Step (12): preparing the surface mortar with a dotted shake, wherein the dotted shake includes large shake, medium shake and small shake; Ratio of Dahuanghuang: The ratio of cement, lime paste, sand, acrylic latex and paper reinforcement ranges from 1:0.05:0.8:0.05:0.02 to 1:0.1:1.2:0.07:0.03; The ratio of Zhonghuanghuang: The ratio of cement, lime paste, sand, acrylic latex and paper reinforcement ranges from 1:0.2:0.55:0.05:0.02 to 1:0.25:0.7:0.07:0.03; The ratio of Xiaohuanghuang: The ratio of cement, lime paste, sand, acrylic latex and paper reinforcement ranges from 1:0.33:0.2:0.05:0.023 to 1:0.4:0.3:0.07:0.03; Step (13): When the leveling mortar is not completely dry, moisten it with water and scrape the lime slurry; Step (14): Construction of the surface layer: S141: According to the mechanism of the wall, determine whether the wall is constructed using large sway construction, medium sway construction or small sway construction; S142: Use the same process as the original wall to carry out large, medium or small shake construction.

2. The method for constructing a point-shaking wall of a historical building according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step (1) comprises: S11: Sampling the wall surface; S12: drying and weighing the first mortar sample obtained by sampling; S13: Acid treatment: The first mortar sample is subjected to acid treatment, and then filtered and dried after the acid treatment; S14: Alkali treatment: treating the first mortar sample with alkali, filtering and drying after the alkali treatment; S15: After the first mortar sample is subjected to acid treatment and alkali treatment, the cement, lime and aggregate are separated by screening.

3. The method for constructing a point-shaking wall of a historical building according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (4) comprises: S41: Grinding the wall surface after chiseling; S42: Dig out and replace loose bricks on the wall.

4. The method for constructing the wall of a historic building according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (5) comprises: S51: Cut the wall surface with a depth of no less than 30mm; S52: Use an air pipe to blow away the dust in the seams formed by chiseling.

5. The method for constructing the historical building wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (6) comprises: S61: sampling the wall surface at intervals, obtaining a plurality of second mortar samples by sampling, and testing the soluble salt content of the plurality of second mortar samples; S62: Applying wet rice paper pulp to the wall locations where the salt content exceeds the standard detected in the plurality of second mortar samples. The rice paper pulp precipitates soluble salts in the building during the drying process.

6. The method for constructing the wall of a historic building according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S142, the large shaking construction includes the following steps: First apply 16mm to 22mm of the surface layer of lime. Before the initial setting, soak the grass head with lime slurry until it is soft and hard enough. Dip the grass head into the surface layer of lime, twist and pull it up to form a 2cm to 3cm hair head. The construction of Zhonghuanghuang includes the following steps: First, apply 8mm to 10mm of the surface layer of ash. Before the initial setting, use a brown brush to dip the slurry and apply it vertically on the surface layer of ash and pull it evenly to form a 1cm to 1.5cm hair head. The construction of Xiaohuanghuang includes the following steps: First apply a 5mm to 7mm surface layer of gray, then use a stiff brown brush or mud board to pat the surface layer of gray vertically onto the wall, leaving 0.5cm to 0.7cm hair ends.

7. The method for constructing the wall of a historic building according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (13), the ratio of water to lime in the lime slurry is in the range of 0.37:1 to 0.40:

1.

8. The method for constructing the wall of a historic building according to claim 1, characterized in that: After step (14), step (15) is performed, and step (15) includes: S151: After the construction of the spot-shaking surface mortar is completed and placed at room temperature for 24 hours, the spot-shaking surface is sprayed with a thin mist for 7 days; S152: Water repellent: After the wall is completely dry, apply the water repellent agent on the dot-shaking surface with a spray gun or brush.

9. The method for constructing the wall of a historic building according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (11), it includes: S111: hanging vertically, fitting squares, finding rules, making ash cakes, and filling reinforcements; S112: Apply cement mortar in layers until it is flush with the reinforcement.

10. The method for constructing the wall of a historic building according to claim 9, characterized in that: The S112 includes: During the process of leveling the plaster, use a broom to sweep the hair. You can apply the next layer when it is not completely dry. The thickness of each layer of cement mortar should be controlled between 6mm and 8mm. The ratio of cement, lime and sand in cement mortar should be between 1:1:4 and 1:1:6.