Rock breaking device and method based on liquid oxygen transient phase change

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of rock blasting, and particularly relates to a rock breaking device and method based on liquid oxygen transient phase change, wherein the rock breaking device comprises a Dewar flask, a perfusion platform, a control platform and a blasting cylinder; further comprising a chassis, the chassis is installed at the bottom of the perfusion platform, and the part far from the side of the bottom of the perfusion platform is connected with the chassis through a hydraulic push rod assembly to realize the overturning and tilting of the perfusion platform on the chassis; after perfusion is completed, a worker immediately controls a lifting device to start, a lifting rod drives a rotating rod to descend, the rotating rod drives the blasting cylinder to descend and insert into a blast hole through the clamping of the clamping rod and the square hole, so that the blasting cylinder just perfused with liquid oxygen can be immediately inserted into the blast hole, because the space inside the blast hole is small, the range of contact between the blasting cylinder and the outside is reduced, the amount of gasified liquid oxygen in the blasting cylinder is reduced, the accuracy of the amount of liquid oxygen during blasting is improved, and the blasting effect is improved, and the rock breaking effect is further improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of rock blasting, and particularly relates to a rock breaking device and method based on liquid oxygen transient phase change. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the progress of science and technology and the emphasis on environmental protection, people pay more and more attention to finding alternative mining technologies to traditional explosives. In the traditional mining process, explosives are used, which not only pollutes the environment but also has safety hazards. As an alternative mining technology to traditional explosives, the gas expansion mountain opening device is a technology for rock mining through internal air compression and release. It utilizes the properties of rock under temperature change and pressure change to make the rock break, thereby realizing rapid and safe mining;

[0003] The gas used includes oxygen or carbon dioxide, etc. When industrial oxygen is used for rock breaking, the basic principle is to use liquid oxygen as an oxidizing agent, which is injected into the blasting cylinder in advance, and the liquid oxygen is sprayed into the blast hole and mixed with the combustible paper in the blasting cylinder after ignition, or the igniter in the blasting cylinder is ignited by remote control, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated by rapid combustion, and the liquid oxygen not involved in the reaction is heated, and the liquid oxygen is converted from liquid to gas in an instant, releasing a large amount of heat and gas, generating a high-pressure and high-temperature shock wave, and then breaking the rock;

[0004] However, the following problems are encountered in actual use:

[0005] If the blasting cylinder is inserted into the blast hole according to the depth of the blast hole to determine the rock breaking position; during the drilling of the earth boring machine to form the blast hole, the rock fragments in the blast hole will fall into the blast hole, and if the blast hole is deep, it is difficult to clean out the falling fragments, so the depth of the blast hole is usually deep; this will cause the rock breaking position of the blasting cylinder to be not accurately fixed, affecting the blasting effect and rock breaking work;

[0006] After the liquid oxygen is injected into the blasting cylinder, if the blasting cylinder is not installed for a long time or during the installation process, the blasting cylinder exchanges heat with the outside due to the influence of the low temperature of the liquid oxygen, causing the liquid oxygen in the blasting cylinder to gasify, reducing the amount of liquid oxygen during blasting, and affecting the blasting effect. SUMMARY

[0007] In order to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art and solve the above technical problems, the application provides a rock breaking device and method based on liquid oxygen transient phase change.

[0008] The technical scheme adopted by the application to solve the technical problems is that the application provides a rock breaking device and method based on liquid oxygen transient phase change, which comprises a Dewar flask, an injection platform, a control platform and a blasting cylinder; and further comprises:

[0009] The chassis is installed at the bottom of the infusion platform, and the part far from one side of the bottom of the infusion platform is connected with the chassis through a hydraulic push rod assembly to realize the rollover of the infusion platform on the chassis. A lifting device is installed in the infusion platform, and a lifting rod is arranged at the bottom of the lifting device. A rotating rod is rotatably connected to the bottom of the lifting rod, and the rotating rod is connected with a motor arranged on the lifting rod. One end of the bottom of the rotating rod is hingedly connected with a clamping rod through a torsional spring. The clamping rod passes through a square hole formed in the top of the blasting cylinder. The other end of the bottom of the rotating rod is hingedly connected with a pawl through a torsional spring. The pawl is engaged with one end of the clamping rod. One end of a hanging rope arranged on one side of the pawl is located outside the blast hole.

[0010] A support rod is hingedly connected to the surface of the blasting cylinder through a torsional spring. The support rods are evenly arranged near the top and the bottom of the blasting cylinder. The support rods are arranged in a ring shape and face the bottom of the blasting cylinder. A hook is arranged at the bottom of the first blasting cylinder, and the hook passes through the square hole in the top of the second blasting cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, a rotating ring is evenly arranged on the surface of the blasting cylinder. A ball is arranged between the rotating ring and the blasting cylinder. The rotating ring and the blasting cylinder are rotatably connected through the ball. The support rods are hingedly connected to the outer ring of the rotating ring through torsional springs. The support rods are arranged in a ring shape on the outer ring of the rotating ring. A ring groove is formed in the middle of the rotating ring. A support sub-rod is hingedly connected to the surface of the blasting cylinder through a torsional spring. One end of the support sub-rod passes through the ring groove and is close to one end of the support rod. A support groove is formed in the support sub-rod. A support plate is arranged on one side of the support rod. One end of the support plate passes through the support groove and is away from the support sub-rod.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the support rod and the support sub-rod is respectively hingedly connected with a first shifting block and a second shifting block through torsional springs. One end of the support rod and the support sub-rod is respectively located in the first shifting block and the second shifting block. One end of the support rod and the support sub-rod is a sharp end.

[0013] Preferably, a conveying ring is arranged on the blasting cylinder and is slidably connected with the blasting cylinder. A water pipe is arranged in the conveying ring. One end of the water pipe is close to the first shifting block and faces the inner wall of the blast hole. A water inlet is arranged in the conveying ring. A cooling channel is arranged in the blasting cylinder. One end of the cooling channel is connected with the water inlet, and the other end is located at the bottom of the blasting cylinder. A spray hole is arranged at the middle part of the cooling channel and faces the inner wall of the blast hole. The water pipe and the water inlet in the conveying ring are connected with a conveying device. The conveying device conveys water to the water pipe and liquid gas to the water inlet.

[0014] Preferably, a first sharp block and a second sharp block are respectively arranged on the surface of the first shifting block and the second shifting block. The first sharp block and the second sharp block are in close contact with the inner wall of the blast hole. The first sharp block and the second sharp block both face the top of the blast hole.

[0015] Preferably, two ends of the cooling channel are located at the top and bottom of the blasting cylinder, and the cooling channel located above is connected with the cooling channel located below through the connecting pipe.

[0016] Preferably, the connecting pipe is uniformly provided with holes, and the holes are directed to the surface of the blasting cylinder; the top of the conveying ring is provided with a pull rope, and one end of the pull rope is located outside the blast hole.

[0017] Preferably, the support plate is provided with a pressure relief groove, and two pressure relief plates are symmetrically arranged in the pressure relief groove, and the pressure relief plate and the pressure relief groove are hinged through a torsional spring.

[0018] Preferably, the oscillating plate is arranged at the middle position of the blasting cylinder in the infusion platform, and the oscillating plate is arranged in an inclined manner, the oscillating plate and the infusion platform are hinged through a torsional spring, and a sensor is arranged between the oscillating plate and the surface of the infusion platform.

[0019] A rock breaking method based on liquid oxygen transient phase change, and the rock breaking method comprises the following steps:

[0020] S1: Before filling, the worker moves the infusion platform above the blast hole through the chassis, then inserts the clamping rod at the bottom of the rotating rod into the square hole at the top of the blasting cylinder, and fixes one end of the clamping rod by using the pawl; after the blasting cylinder is fixed, the worker drives the blasting cylinder to overturn to face the blast hole by lifting the infusion platform on one side through the hydraulic push rod assembly, and then infuses liquid oxygen into the blasting cylinder through the infusion platform; after the infusion is completed, the worker controls the lifting device to start, and the lifting rod drives the blasting cylinder filled with liquid oxygen to immediately insert into the blast hole;

[0021] S2: the blasting cylinder drives the rotating ring to descend in the blast hole, and the rotating ring contacts the inner wall of the blast hole through the support rod; after the blasting cylinder reaches the preset depth in the blast hole, the motor is started, the rotating rod drives the blasting cylinder to rotate, the blasting cylinder drives the support auxiliary rod to rotate, and the support plate gradually passes through the support groove, so that the support rod, the support plate and the support auxiliary rod are sequentially connected to complete the fixing function;

[0022] S3: the support rod and the support auxiliary rod contact the inner wall of the blast hole through the first and second shifting blocks, respectively, after reaching the preset depth, the support rod and the support auxiliary rod drive the first and second shifting blocks to rotate, until the sharp end of the support rod and the support auxiliary rod is exposed to insert into the inner wall of the blast hole, the position of the blasting cylinder is fixed, and finally the controller is used for detonation rock breaking work.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0024] 1. The rock breaking device and method based on liquid oxygen transient phase change, after the infusion is completed, the worker controls the lifting device to start immediately, the lifting rod drives the rotating rod to descend, the rotating rod drives the blasting cylinder to descend and insert into the blast hole through the clamping rod and the clamping of the square hole, so that the blasting cylinder just infused with liquid oxygen can be inserted into the blast hole immediately, because the space inside the blast hole is small, the range of contact between the blasting cylinder and the outside is reduced, the amount of gasified liquid oxygen in the blasting cylinder is reduced, the accuracy of the amount of liquid oxygen during blasting is improved, thereby the blasting effect is improved, and the rock breaking effect is improved.

[0025] 2. The rock breaking device and method based on liquid oxygen transient phase change, the connection mode of the blasting cylinder is also flexible and changeable, for example, when the first blasting cylinder is infused and inserted into the blast hole, the first blasting cylinder is first fixed, so that the top of the first blasting cylinder is exposed from the blast hole, the contact range between the first blasting cylinder and the outside during waiting for connection is reduced, and the amount of gasified liquid oxygen is reduced; then, the second blasting cylinder is infused and connected with the top of the first blasting cylinder; finally, after the connection is completed, the two are inserted into the blast hole together, the installation mode is convenient for installation and improves the installation efficiency, thereby improving the blasting efficiency, while the installation mode maintains the reduction of the contact range between the blasting cylinder and the outside. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] The application will be further described below with reference to the drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the rock breaking device in the application;

[0028] Figure 2 is a state diagram of the blasting cylinder after assembly into the blast hole;

[0029] Figure 3 is a perspective view of the blasting cylinder after assembly;

[0030] Figure 4 is a perspective view of the clamping rod fixing the blasting cylinder through the square hole;

[0031] Figure 5 is a sectional view of the clamping rod fixing the blasting cylinder through the square hole;

[0032] Figure 6 is a state diagram of the clamping of the two blasting cylinder hooks and the square hole;

[0033] Figure 7 is a state diagram of the first sharp block when the blasting cylinder rotates and fixes in the blast hole;

[0034] Figure 8 is a state diagram of the first sharp block and the second sharp block contacting the inner wall of the blast hole and descending;

[0035] Figure 9 is a step diagram of the rock breaking method in the application;

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Infusion platform; 11. Blasting cylinder; 12. Chassis; 13. Hydraulic push rod assembly; 14. Lifting device; 15. Lifting rod; 16. Rotating rod; 17. Motor; 2. Clamping rod; 21. Square hole; 22. Pawl; 23. Hanging rope; 24. Support rod; 25. Hook; 3. Rotary ring; 31. Ball bearing; 32. Ring groove; 33. Support auxiliary rod; 34. Support groove; 35. Support plate; 36. No. 1 lever; 37. No. 2 lever; 4. Conveying ring; 41. Water pipe; 42. Water inlet; 43. Cooling channel; 44. Spray hole; 45. No. 1 pointed block; 46. No. 2 pointed block; 47. Connecting pipe; 48. Hole; 49. Pull rope; 5. Pressure relief groove; 51. Pressure relief plate; 6. Swinging plate. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1:

[0039] A rock-breaking device based on the transient phase change of liquid oxygen, as shown in the attached diagram of the instruction manual. Figures 1-8 As shown, the system includes a Dewar flask, a filling platform 1, a control platform, and a blasting cylinder 11. The Dewar flask is a conventional pressure vessel for storing, transporting, and using liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid argon, or carbon dioxide. The filling platform 1 is used to fill the blasting cylinder 11 with liquid oxygen. The control platform is a conventional electrical device used to control liquid oxygen rock-breaking equipment. The blasting cylinder 11 is a conventional device used to insert into a borehole for liquid oxygen rock-breaking. The Dewar flask fills the blasting cylinder 11 with liquid oxygen through the filling platform 1. Then, the blasting cylinder 11 is inserted into the borehole. The control platform controls the ignition and detonation of the blasting cylinder 11, causing the liquid oxygen to instantly transform into oxygen, thus completing the rock-breaking operation.

[0040] Also includes:

[0041] A chassis 12 is installed at the bottom of the infusion platform 1, and the part of the bottom of the infusion platform 1 away from one side is connected to the chassis 12 through a hydraulic push rod assembly 13, so that the infusion platform 1 can be tilted and rotated on the chassis 12. A lifting device 14 is installed inside the infusion platform 1, and a lifting rod 15 is provided at the bottom of the lifting device 14. A rotating rod 16 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the lifting rod 15, and the rotating rod 16 is connected to a motor 17 provided on the lifting rod 15. A clamping rod 2 is hinged to one end of the bottom of the rotating rod 16 through a torsion spring. One end of the clamping rod 2 passes through a square hole 21 opened at the top of the blasting cylinder 11, and a pawl 22 is hinged to the other end of the bottom of the rotating rod 16 through a torsion spring. The pawl 22 and one end of the clamping rod 2 are engaged with each other. One end of the hanging rope 23 provided on one side of the pawl 22 is located outside the blast hole.

[0042] Supporting rods 24 are articulated to the surface of the blasting cylinder 11 by torsion springs and are evenly arranged near the top and bottom of the blasting cylinder 11, and the supporting rods 24 are arranged in a ring shape and are directed towards the bottom of the blasting cylinder 11; a hook 25 is arranged at the bottom of the first blasting cylinder 11, and one end of a hanging rope 23 arranged on one side of the hook 25 is located outside the blast hole, and the hook 25 passes through the square hole 21 at the top of the second blasting cylinder 11;

[0043] The hydraulic push rod assembly 13 is a conventional telescopic device, i.e., a hydraulic device on a dump truck, which realizes the overturning and tilting of the infusion platform 1 on the chassis 12, so that the bottom of the blasting cylinder 11 is directed towards the blast hole, and the lifting device 14 is a conventional lifting electric appliance, which is used to drive the blasting cylinder 11 to ascend and descend in the blast hole through the lifting rod 15 and the rotating rod 16, so as to adjust the blasting position; the motor 17 is a conventional electric device with forward and reverse rotation functions; the chassis 12 is used for the movement of the infusion platform 1, and the infusion platform 1 can be moved to above the blast hole through the chassis 12;

[0044] Specific working process: before filling, the worker moves the infusion platform 1 to above the blast hole through the chassis 12, then inserts the clamping rod 2 at the bottom of the rotating rod 16 into the square hole 21 at the top of the blasting cylinder 11, and fixes one end of the clamping rod 2 by using the ratchet 22, so that the rotating rod 16 is fixedly connected with the square hole 21 through the clamping rod 2, and the blasting cylinder 11 is fixed in the horizontal or vertical direction, for example, the horizontal direction, and when the blasting cylinder 11 is inserted into the blast hole, the angle of descent of the blasting cylinder 11 in the blast hole can still be adjusted through the vertical swinging, so as to avoid the slight inclination of the inner wall of the blast hole affecting the installation of the blasting cylinder 11; after the blasting cylinder 11 is fixed, the worker lifts one side of the infusion platform 1 through the hydraulic push rod assembly 13, and the other side of the infusion platform 1 is hinged with the chassis 12, so that the infusion platform 1 is overturned at the hinged position, and drives the blasting cylinder 11 to overturn to face the blast hole, and then the infusion platform 1 infuses liquid oxygen into the blasting cylinder 11; after the infusion is completed, the worker immediately controls the lifting device 14 to start, and the lifting rod 15 drives the rotating rod 16 to descend, and the rotating rod 16 drives the blasting cylinder 11 to descend and insert into the blast hole through the clamping of the clamping rod 2 and the square hole 21, so that the blasting cylinder 11 just infused with liquid oxygen can be immediately inserted into the blast hole, and since the space inside the blast hole is small, the range of contact between the blasting cylinder 11 and the outside is reduced, the amount of gaseous liquid oxygen in the blasting cylinder 11 is reduced, the accuracy of the amount of liquid oxygen during blasting is improved, and thus the blasting effect is improved, and the rock breaking effect is further improved;

[0045] And, in the process of rock breaking, multiple blast holes will be drilled, which requires multiple blasting cylinders 11. In actual work, all blasting cylinders 11 will not be inserted into the blast hole at the same time, and the infusion of liquid oxygen must be carried out before insertion into the blast hole, which causes the same batch of blasting cylinders 11 to gasify a large amount of liquid oxygen due to too long waiting time, affecting the control accuracy of the liquid oxygen content during rock breaking. Therefore, when workers use the infusion platform 1, they can insert one blasting cylinder 11 into the blast hole after infusing it, then move the infusion platform to the next blast hole, and then infuse the next blasting cylinder 11. In this way, each blasting cylinder 11 is infused and inserted one by one. Compared with the method of infusing at the same time and then inserting each blasting cylinder 11 into the blast hole one by one, the time for storing liquid oxygen in the blasting cylinder 11 is shortened, the amount of liquid oxygen gasification is reduced, which is conducive to the control of the liquid oxygen content by workers during rock breaking, improves the accuracy of the amount of liquid oxygen during blasting, thereby improving the blasting effect and further improving the rock breaking effect.

[0046] During the descent of the blasting cylinder 11 in the blast hole, the blasting cylinder 11 contacts the inner wall of the blast hole through the support rod 24, avoiding the direct friction between the blasting cylinder 11 and the inner wall of the blast hole to generate heat, causing the blasting cylinder 11 to heat up, and reducing the amount of liquid oxygen gasification. During the descent of one end of the support rod 24 along the inner wall of the blast hole, the force generated by the torsional spring between the support rod 24 and the blasting cylinder 11 forces the blasting cylinder 11 to move away from the inner wall of the blast hole, while the lifting device 14 continues to lower the blasting cylinder 11, so that the blasting cylinder 11 always maintains a state of descending away from the inner wall of the blast hole. Even if it encounters a protruding fragment on the inner wall of the blast hole, it can swing at the hinged part through the support rod 24 to overcome the obstacle. This avoids the blasting cylinder 11 being stuck by the fragments or protruding fragments on the inner wall of the blast hole, prolongs the installation time of the blasting cylinder 11, and thus improves the blasting efficiency while reducing the amount of liquid oxygen gasification.

[0047] Further, when increasing the number of blasting cylinders 11 according to the rock breaking effect, the hook 25 at the bottom of the first blasting cylinder 11 passes through the square hole 21 at the top of the second blasting cylinder 11, so that the hook 25 and the square hole 21 are clamped, which is the same as the state of the clamping rod 2 clamping the square hole 21, achieving the purpose of increasing the number of blasting cylinders 11. And, the connection method of the blasting cylinder 11 is also flexible and variable. For example, when the first blasting cylinder 11 is infused and inserted into the blast hole, the first blasting cylinder 11 is first fixed so that its top is exposed from the blast hole, reducing the contact range of the first blasting cylinder 11 with the outside world when waiting for connection, and reducing the amount of liquid oxygen gasification. Then, the second blasting cylinder 11 is infused and lowered to connect with the top of the first blasting cylinder 11. Finally, after the connection is completed, they are inserted into the blast hole together. This installation method not only maintains the reduction of the contact range of the blasting cylinder 11 with the outside world, but also facilitates installation and improves installation efficiency, thereby improving blasting efficiency.

[0048] And after the installation is completed, the worker pulls the hanging rope 23 outside the blast hole, the hanging rope 23 pulls the pawl 22 to swing away from the clamping rod 2, so that the clamping rod 2 is no longer clamped by the pawl 22 to move away from the square hole 21, so that the rotating rod 16 and the blasting cylinder 11 are separated, which is convenient for the worker to operate, and at the same time, the length of the hanging rope 23 extending into the blast hole can calculate the actual installation depth of the blasting cylinder 11, and provide the data of the blasting position to the worker, so that the worker can better control the blasting effect, thereby improving the rock breaking effect.

[0049] Embodiment two:

[0050] On the basis of embodiment one, as shown in the drawings Figures 1-5 The surface of the blasting cylinder 11 is uniformly sleeved with a rotating ring 3, the rotating ring 3 and the blasting cylinder 11 are provided with a plurality of rolling balls 31, the rotating ring 3 and the blasting cylinder 11 are connected through the rolling balls, and the support rod 24 is hingedly connected to the outer ring of the rotating ring 3 through a torsion spring, and the support rod 24 is annularly distributed on the outer ring of the rotating ring 3; the rotating ring 3 is provided with a ring groove 32 at the middle position, the surface of the blasting cylinder 11 is hingedly connected with a support auxiliary rod 33 through a torsion spring, and one end of the support auxiliary rod 33 passes through the ring groove 32 and is close to one end of the support rod 24; the support auxiliary rod 33 is provided with a support groove 34, and one side of the support rod 24 is provided with a support plate 35, one end of the support plate 35 passes through the support groove 34 and is away from the support auxiliary rod 33; the number of the rotating ring 3 is two, which are close to the top and bottom of the blasting cylinder 11, so that the rotating ring 3 does not affect the rock breaking work of the blasting cylinder 11;

[0051] One end of the support rod 24 and the support auxiliary rod 33 is respectively hingedly connected with a first shifting block 36 and a second shifting block 37 through a torsion spring, and one end of the support rod 24 and the support auxiliary rod 33 is respectively located in the first shifting block 36 and the second shifting block 37, and one end of the support rod 24 and the support auxiliary rod 33 is a sharp end;

[0052] The blasting cylinder 11 is sleeved with a conveying ring 4, and the conveying ring 4 is slidably connected with the blasting cylinder 11; the conveying ring 4 is provided with a water pipe 41, and one end of the water pipe 41 is close to the first shifting block 36 and faces the inner wall of the blast hole; the conveying ring 4 is provided with a water inlet 42, the blasting cylinder 11 is provided with a cooling channel 43, one end of the cooling channel 43 is connected with the water inlet 42, the other end is located at the bottom of the blasting cylinder 11, and the middle part is provided with a spray hole 44 facing the inner wall of the blast hole; the water pipe 41 and the water inlet 42 in the conveying ring 4 are connected with a conveying device, and the conveying device conveys water to the water pipe 41 and liquid gas to the water inlet 42; the conveying device is a conventional storage device, and the conveying device stores water and liquid gas in the storage tank, and the type of the liquid gas is selected as liquid nitrogen, which is sprayed in the blast hole, can dilute oxygen, and nitrogen is a non-combustible gas, which will not explode when mixed with oxygen and meets fire, which increases the protection measures for liquid oxygen rock breaking work;

[0053] The first and second pushing blocks 36 and 37 are respectively provided with a first and second sharp block 45 and 46, which are in close contact with the inner wall of the blast hole, and the first and second sharp blocks 45 and 46 are both directed to the top of the blast hole;

[0054] Specific working process: the depth of the blasting cylinder 11 inserted into the blast hole has a very important influence on the blasting effect; the blasting effect of inserting into the middle of the blast hole is very different from that of inserting into the bottom of the blast hole, and in many cases it is necessary to make:

[0055] When the blasting cylinder 11 is located at the bottom of the blast hole, the blasting energy can directly act on the rock at the bottom of the blast hole, producing the maximum crushing effect; but it may also cause excessive crushing, easy to produce flying stone, increase the safety hidden trouble and other problems;

[0056] When the blasting cylinder 11 is located in the middle of the blast hole, it is more suitable for directional blasting, such as needing to split the rock along a certain direction, rather than completely crushing; by adjusting the position and angle of the blasting cylinder 11, the range and direction of blasting can be controlled; but if the charge is insufficient or the rock strength is too high, it may cause under-blasting, which cannot achieve the expected crushing effect;

[0057] Therefore, the blasting cylinder 11 drives the rotating ring 3 to descend in the blast hole, and the rotating ring 3 is in contact with the inner wall of the blast hole through the support rod 24; the blasting cylinder 11 drives the support sub-rod 33 to descend in the blast hole together with the support rod 24 in the blast hole, when the support sub-rod 33 encounters the protruding rock in the blast hole, the support sub-rod 33 swings in the ring groove 32 with the hinged part as the swing center through the torsional spring, until the support sub-rod 33 passes over; when the hanging rope 23 enters the blast hole to a specified length, the blasting cylinder 11 at this time is located at a predetermined depth in the blast hole, such as the middle or bottom of the blast hole; then, the lifting device 14 is stationary, and the blasting cylinder 11 is in close contact with the inner wall of the blast hole through the support rod 24 and the support sub-rod 33, thereby keeping the height fixed; the motor 17 is started, and the lifting rod 15 drives the rotating rod 16 to rotate through the motor 17, since the rotating rod 16 and the blasting cylinder 11 are clamped through the clamping rod 2 and the square hole 21, the rotating rod 16 drives the blasting cylinder 11 to rotate, and the blasting cylinder 11 drives the support sub-rod 33 to rotate, while the support rod 24 is in close contact with the inner wall of the blast hole and is fixed; in the process of rotating the blasting cylinder 11, since the rolling friction between the blasting cylinder 11 and the rotating ring 3 is realized through the rolling ball 31, the friction heating effect between the blasting cylinder 11 and the rotating ring 3 is reduced, the warming-up condition of the blasting cylinder 11 in the installation process is reduced, the amount of liquid oxygen vaporization is reduced, and thus the blasting effect is improved;

[0058] The blasting cylinder 11 drives the support auxiliary rod 33 to rotate away from the support rod 24, and the support plate 35 gradually passes through the support groove 34, so that the support rod 24, the support plate 35 and the support auxiliary rod 33 are sequentially connected to complete the fixing effect, which plays the effect of isolating the external environment from entering the deep hole to affect the environment in the hole, provides a better blasting environment for the blasting cylinder 11, improves the blasting effect, and further improves the rock breaking effect; and in the blasting process, the support plate 35 can also block the flying stones to avoid a large number of flying stones from bouncing out to increase the safety hidden danger, increase the protection measures during the blasting process, and improve the safety degree; and the rolling ring 3 is rotatably connected with the blasting cylinder 11 through the rollers, so that even if it is damaged during long-term use, workers can complete the assembly through simple operation, and all parts on the rolling ring 3 are conventional metal parts, which are impact-resistant, reduce replacement cost and improve practicality;

[0059] Further, the support rod 24 and the support auxiliary rod 33 are in contact with the inner wall of the blast hole through the first and second push blocks 36 and 37, respectively, after reaching the preset depth, the blasting cylinder 11 drives the support auxiliary rod 33 to rotate, the support auxiliary rod 33 drives the second push block 37 to rotate, and the second push block 37 is hindered by the friction of the inner wall of the blast hole when rotating along the inner wall of the blast hole, so that the second push block 37 is flipped to expose the sharp end of the support auxiliary rod 33 to contact the inner wall of the blast hole, until the support auxiliary rod 33 rotates from the first support rod 24 to contact the second support rod 24, at this time, the support auxiliary rod 33 continues to rotate to drive the rolling ring 3 and the support rod 24 to rotate together, the support rod 24 drives the first push block 36 to rotate, and the first push block 36 is also hindered by friction, so that the first push block 36 and the second push block 37 are flipped in the same way, and the sharp end of the support rod 24 is exposed to contact the inner wall of the blast hole; then, the lifting device 14 drives the blasting cylinder 11 to descend, and the sharp ends of the support rod 24 and the support auxiliary rod 33 are gradually inserted into the inner wall of the blast hole in a downward inclined manner, the position of the blasting cylinder 11 is fixed by clamping the support rod 24 and the support auxiliary rod 33 in the inner wall of the blast hole, which is convenient for workers to operate, improves the convenience of use, and uses the cooperation of the support rod 24 and the support auxiliary rod 33 to achieve the fixing effect, reduces the parts, reduces the replacement cost, and improves the practicality;

[0060] Further, if the blasting cylinder 11 sinks with a large weight, the support rod 24 and the support auxiliary rod 33 will be further inserted into the inner wall of the blast hole, improving the support and fixing degree, avoiding the position of the blasting cylinder 11 from sinking during the waiting period after installation, and thus improving the blasting effect; if the descending depth of the blasting cylinder 11 exceeds the preset depth, the worker can also drive the blasting cylinder 11 to ascend through the lifting device 14, and the support rod 24 and the support auxiliary rod 33 are in a downward inclined state, so that the ascending of the blasting cylinder 11 will not be hindered and affected, achieving the purpose of flexible adjustment of the blasting cylinder 11, and improving the convenience of use of the rock breaking equipment;

[0061] The blasting cylinder 11 drives the conveying ring 4 to descend to the preset depth in the blast hole. During the time period when the blasting cylinder 11 waits for rock breaking, the conveying device firstly conveys water into the water conveying pipe 41, and the water conveying pipe 41 sprays the water into the rock crevice on the inner wall of the blast hole, so that the rock crevice on the inner wall of the blast hole is filled with water. Then, the conveying device conveys liquid gas into the water hole 42, and the liquid gas enters the cooling channel 43, and the cooling channel 43 sprays the liquid gas to the inner wall of the blast hole through the spray hole 44, rapidly reduces the temperature of the water on the inner wall of the blast hole, and makes the water become ice. On the one hand, the inner wall of the blast hole is reduced, and the amount of liquid oxygen is reduced. On the other hand, when the water seeps into the rock crevice and freezes at low temperature, the volume will expand, which will produce a great pressure on the rock, causing the rock to break, and cooperating with the thermal expansion and contraction effect of the rock, the rock is more easily broken, the breaking effect is improved, and the rock breaking effect is improved.

[0062] And when the first and second pushing blocks 36 and 37 move along the inner wall of the blast hole, the first and second sharp blocks 45 and 46 will scratch the rock, making it flow down the deep groove on the surface, increasing the gap on the inner wall of the blast hole, cooperating with the above-mentioned auxiliary rock breaking mode, further improving the blasting effect; and the first and second sharp blocks 45 and 46 can increase the friction between the first and second pushing blocks 36 and 37 and the inner wall of the blast hole, so that the first and second pushing blocks 36 and 37 are more easily pushed when rotating, and the sharp ends of the support rod 24 and the support sub-rod 33 are exposed.

[0063] Embodiment three:

[0064] Based on embodiment two, as shown in the drawings Figures 1-5 The two ends of the cooling channel 43 are located at the top and bottom of the blasting cylinder 11, and the cooling channel 43 located above is connected with the cooling channel 43 located below through the connecting pipe 47 arranged therebetween;

[0065] The connecting pipe 47 is uniformly provided with holes 48, and the holes 48 are directed to the surface of the blasting cylinder 11; the top of the conveying ring 4 is provided with a pull rope 49, and one end of the pull rope 49 is located outside the blast hole;

[0066] Specific working process: when a plurality of blasting cylinders 11 are connected in series, the connecting pipe 47 at the top of the second blasting cylinder 11 is aligned with one end of the cooling channel 43 at the bottom of the first blasting cylinder 11, and then connected through a low-temperature-resistant hose to realize the connection of the cooling channels 43 in the plurality of blasting cylinders 11, so that each cooling channel 43 can spray low-temperature liquid gas to the inner wall of the blast hole, avoid the rapid evaporation of the first sprayed liquid gas, cannot contact more water on the inner wall of the blast hole, thereby increasing the range of water solidifying into ice, improving the action range on the rock, and further improving the blasting effect;

[0067] When the liquid gas enters the second cooling channel 43 from the first cooling channel 43 through the connecting pipe 47, part of the liquid gas is sprayed from the hole 48 and splashed on the surface of the blasting cylinder 11. The liquid gas evaporates and absorbs heat when flowing on the surface of the blasting cylinder 11, thereby reducing the temperature of the surface of the blasting cylinder 11. The liquid gas flowing in the cooling channel 43 cools the inside of the blasting cylinder 11, thereby cooling the blasting cylinder 11 from the inside and the surface, reducing the vaporization amount of liquid oxygen, and improving the blasting effect. Moreover, the use amount of the liquid gas is much lower than the use amount of liquid oxygen for breaking rocks, thereby reducing the use cost. Moreover, compared with liquid oxygen, the liquid gas directly acts in the blast hole, and the use effect is more obvious.

[0068] When preparing to break rocks, the worker pulls the rope 49 to take out the conveying ring 4 from the blast hole, thereby avoiding more parts from being damaged by blasting, reducing the replacement cost, and improving the practicability.

[0069] Embodiment Four

[0070] On the basis of embodiment three, as shown in the drawings, Figures 2-8 the support plate 35 is provided with a pressure relief groove 5, and two pressure relief plates 51 are symmetrically arranged in the pressure relief groove 5. The pressure relief plate 51 is hinged with the pressure relief groove 5 through a torsion spring.

[0071] The oscillating plate 6 is arranged at the middle position of the blasting cylinder 11 in the infusion platform 1, and the oscillating plate 6 is arranged obliquely. The oscillating plate 6 is hinged with the infusion platform 1 through a torsion spring, and a sensor is arranged between the oscillating plate 6 and the surface of the infusion platform 1. The sensor is a conventional displacement sensor, which detects the oscillation angle of the oscillating plate 6 to detect the flatness of the blasting cylinder 11.

[0072] Specific working process: during the blasting process, if the gas pressure generated by the blasting is too large, the high pressure will push open the pressure relief plate 51, so that a gap is formed between the two pressure relief plates 51, thereby achieving the effect of pressure relief. The deformation of the support plate 35 caused by frequent high pressure is avoided, the service life of the support plate 35 is prolonged, and the practicability is improved. Moreover, after completing the pressure relief work, the two pressure relief plates 51 are reset and closed again under the influence of the torsion spring. While performing the pressure relief work, the gap between the two pressure relief plates 51 can block a large amount of rock blocks, and can be closed immediately after pressure relief, thereby avoiding more splashing of the broken stones.

[0073] Furthermore, before the blasting cylinder 11 is filled, its filling position is moved and adjusted on the filling platform 1. The middle part of the blasting cylinder 11 passes through the swing plate 6, and one side of the swing plate 6 contacts the blasting cylinder 11. When the blasting cylinder 11 is tilted as a whole, the swing plate 6 is squeezed by the tilted part of the blasting cylinder 11 and swings. After the sensor detects the swing of the swing plate 6, it calculates the tilt of the surface of the blasting cylinder 11 based on the swing angle of the swing plate 6. This avoids the waste of liquid oxygen when the blasting cylinder 11 is filled into the tilted blasting cylinder 11 during long-term cyclic use, thereby reducing the cost of use. At the same time, it performs flatness detection for the blasting cylinder 11 when it enters the borehole, improves the installation efficiency of the blasting cylinder 11, and thus improves the blasting efficiency.

[0074] Example 5:

[0075] A rock-breaking method based on the transient phase transition of liquid oxygen, as shown in the attached diagram of the specification. Figure 9 As shown, the steps of the rock-breaking method are as follows:

[0076] S1: Before filling, the worker moves the filling platform 1 above the blast hole via the chassis 12. Then, the clamping rod 2 at the bottom of the rotating rod 16 is passed through the square hole 21 at the top of the blasting tube 11, and one end of the clamping rod 2 is locked in place by the pawl 22. After the blasting tube 11 is fixed, the hydraulic push rod assembly 13 lifts one side of the filling platform 1, causing the blasting tube 11 to rotate to face the blast hole. Then, the filling platform 1 fills the blasting tube 11 with liquid oxygen. After filling is completed, the worker controls the lifting device 14 to start, and the lifting rod 15 drives the blasting tube 11, which has just been filled with liquid oxygen, to be immediately inserted into the blast hole.

[0077] S2: The blasting tube 11 drives the rotating ring 3 to descend inside the borehole. The rotating ring 3 contacts the inner wall of the borehole through the support rod 24. After the blasting tube 11 reaches the preset depth inside the borehole, the motor 17 is started. The rotating rod 16 drives the blasting tube 11 to rotate. The blasting tube 11 drives the support rod 33 to rotate. The support plate 35 gradually passes through the support groove 34, so that the support rod 24, the support plate 35 and the support rod 33 are connected in sequence to complete the fixing function.

[0078] S3: The support rod 24 and the secondary support rod 33 contact the inner wall of the blast hole through the first lever 36 and the second lever 37 respectively. After reaching the preset depth, the support rod 24 and the secondary support rod 33 drive the first lever 36 and the second lever 37 to rotate until they are flipped over, exposing the sharp ends of the support rod 24 and the secondary support rod 33 to insert into the inner wall of the blast hole, fixing the position of the blasting tube 11. Finally, the rock breaking work is carried out by the controller.

Claims

1. A rock-breaking device based on liquid oxygen transient phase change, comprising a Dewar flask, a filling platform (1), a control platform, and a blasting cylinder (11); characterized in that, Also includes: A chassis (12) is installed at the bottom of the infusion platform (1), and the part of the bottom of the infusion platform (1) away from one side is connected to the chassis (12) through a hydraulic push rod assembly (13) to realize the infusion platform (1) tilting and turning on the chassis (12); a lifting device (14) is installed inside the infusion platform (1), and a lifting rod (15) is provided at the bottom of the lifting device (14), and a rotating rod (16) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the lifting rod (15). The moving rod (16) is connected to the motor (17) installed on the lifting rod (15); one end of the bottom of the rotating rod (16) is hinged to a clamping rod (2) by a torsion spring, one end of the clamping rod (2) passes through the square hole (21) opened at the top of the blasting tube (11), and the other end of the bottom of the rotating rod (16) is hinged to a pawl (22) by a torsion spring. The pawl (22) and one end of the clamping rod (2) are engaged with each other, and one end of the hanging rope (23) installed on one side of the pawl (22) is located outside the blast hole; Support rod (24) is hinged to the surface of blasting cylinder (11) by a torsion spring, and the support rod (24) is evenly distributed near the top and bottom of the blasting cylinder (11). The support rod (24) is arranged in a ring and faces the bottom of the blasting cylinder (11). The bottom of the first blasting cylinder (11) is provided with a hook (25), and the hook (25) passes through the square hole (21) at the top of the second blasting cylinder (11). The blasting cylinder (11) is uniformly fitted with a rotating ring (3), and a ball bearing (31) is provided between the rotating ring (3) and the blasting cylinder (11). The rotating ring (3) and the blasting cylinder (11) are rotatably connected by rollers, and the support rod (24) is hinged to the outer ring of the rotating ring (3) by a torsion spring. The support rod (24) is distributed in a ring on the outer ring of the rotating ring (3). A ring groove (32) is opened in the middle of the rotating ring (3). A support auxiliary rod (33) is hinged to the surface of the blasting cylinder (11) by a torsion spring, and one end of the support auxiliary rod (33) passes through the ring groove (32) and is close to the end of the support rod (24). A support groove (34) is opened in the support auxiliary rod (33), and a support plate (35) is provided on one side of the support rod (24). One end of the support plate (35) passes through the support groove (34) and is away from the support auxiliary rod (33).

2. The rock-breaking device based on liquid oxygen transient phase change according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the support rod (24) and the support auxiliary rod (33) are respectively hinged to a first-order block (36) and a second-order block (37) by torsion springs, and one end of the support rod (24) and the support auxiliary rod (33) are located inside the first-order block (36) and the second-order block (37) respectively. One end of the support rod (24) and the support auxiliary rod (33) are sharp ends.

3. The rock-breaking device based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen according to claim 2, characterized in that: A conveying ring (4) is fitted on the blasting cylinder (11), and the conveying ring (4) is slidably connected to the blasting cylinder (11); a water supply pipe (41) is provided inside the conveying ring (4), and one end of the water supply pipe (41) is close to the first dial block (36) and faces the inner wall of the blast hole; a water supply hole (42) is provided inside the conveying ring (4), and a cooling channel (43) is provided inside the blasting cylinder (11), and one end of the cooling channel (43) is connected to the water supply hole (42), and the other end is located at the bottom of the blasting cylinder (11), with a spray hole (44) in the middle facing the inner wall of the blast hole; the water supply pipe (41) and the water supply hole (42) in the conveying ring (4) are connected to the conveying device, and the conveying device supplies water to the water supply pipe (41) and supplies liquid gas to the water supply hole (42).

4. The rock-breaking device based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surfaces of the first pry block (36) and the second pry block (37) are respectively provided with a first pointed block (45) and a second pointed block (46), and the first pointed block (45) and the second pointed block (46) are in close contact with the inner wall of the borehole, and the first pointed block (45) and the second pointed block (46) are both facing the top of the borehole.

5. A rock-breaking device based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two ends of the cooling channel (43) are located at the top and bottom of the blasting tube (11), and the upper cooling channel (43) and the lower cooling channel (43) are connected by a connecting pipe (47) between adjacent blasting tubes (11).

6. A rock-breaking device based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connecting pipe (47) is provided with holes (48) evenly distributed inside, and the holes (48) face the surface of the blasting cylinder (11); the top of the conveying ring (4) is provided with a pull rope (49), and one end of the pull rope (49) is located outside the blast hole.

7. A rock-breaking device based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support plate (35) has a pressure relief groove (5) and two pressure relief plates (51) are symmetrically arranged in the pressure relief groove (5). The pressure relief plates (51) and the pressure relief groove (5) are hinged by torsion springs.

8. A rock-breaking device based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infusion platform (1) is provided with a swing plate (6) located in the middle of the blasting cylinder (11), and the swing plate (6) is inclined. The swing plate (6) is hinged to the infusion platform (1) by a torsion spring, and a sensor is provided between the swing plate (6) and the surface of the infusion platform (1).

9. A rock-breaking method based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen, the rock-breaking method being applicable to the rock-breaking equipment based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen as described in any one of claims 1-8, the rock-breaking method comprising the following steps: S1: Before filling, the worker moves the filling platform (1) above the blast hole via the chassis (12), and then passes the clamping rod (2) at the bottom of the rotating rod (16) through the square hole (21) at the top of the blasting tube (11), and uses the pawl (22) to lock and fix one end of the clamping rod (2); after the blasting tube (11) is fixed, the hydraulic push rod assembly (13) lifts one side of the filling platform (1), causing the blasting tube (11) to rotate to face the blast hole, and then the filling platform (1) fills the blasting tube (11) with liquid oxygen; after filling is completed, the worker controls the lifting device (14) to start, and the lifting rod (15) drives the blasting tube (11) which has just been filled with liquid oxygen to be immediately inserted into the blast hole; S2: The blasting tube (11) drives the rotating ring (3) to descend inside the borehole. The rotating ring (3) contacts the inner wall of the borehole through the support rod (24). After the blasting tube (11) is at a preset depth inside the borehole, the motor (17) is started. The rotating rod (16) drives the blasting tube (11) to rotate. The blasting tube (11) drives the support rod (33) to rotate. The support plate (35) gradually passes through the support groove (34), so that the support rod (24), the support plate (35) and the support rod (33) are connected in sequence to complete the fixing function. S3: The support rod (24) and the secondary support rod (33) contact the inner wall of the blast hole through the first lever (36) and the second lever (37) respectively. After reaching the preset depth, the support rod (24) and the secondary support rod (33) drive the first lever (36) and the second lever (37) to rotate until they are turned over, exposing the sharp ends of the support rod (24) and the secondary support rod (33) to insert into the inner wall of the blast hole, fixing the position of the blasting tube (11). Finally, the rock breaking work is carried out by the controller.

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