Method and device for electromagnetic transient simulation analysis of series gap arrester and electronic equipment

Abstract

The application provides a series gap arrester electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method and device and electronic equipment. The method comprises the following steps: creating a lightning simulation model of a lightning invasion wave overvoltage of a power transmission line according to a Heidler function; obtaining system parameters of the power transmission line, and creating an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the power transmission line provided with a series gap arrester according to the system parameters of the power transmission line; calculating simulation data of each monitoring point of the power transmission line under the action of a lightning overvoltage by using the electromagnetic transient simulation model and the lightning simulation model, and evaluating the safety performance of the series gap arrester according to the simulation data. By constructing the lightning simulation model and the electromagnetic transient simulation model, the series gap arrester is simulated, the safety performance of the series gap arrester in the power transmission line is evaluated, and the problem that the prior art has a large demand for computing resources and a long computing period is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electromagnetic transient simulation analysis of series gap arrester, in particular to a method and device for electromagnetic transient simulation analysis of series gap arrester, a computer readable storage medium and an electronic device. BACKGROUND

[0002] For the analysis and prediction of lightning effects and the electromagnetic transient simulation of arrester performance in power systems, the analysis method of the prior art relies on simplified physical models to represent complex electromagnetic processes. These models may not accurately capture all key electrical factors that affect the performance of series gap arrester, such as arc dynamics. The dynamic response of series gap arrester is particularly difficult to model, as it involves nonlinear behavior and highly specific operating condition-dependent air gap breakdown response. Through experimental methods, there is a high cost of experimental data acquisition, and the experimental conditions often cannot completely replicate the actual operating environment, which limits the universal applicability and verification accuracy of the model.

[0003] The prior art method for electromagnetic transient simulation analysis of series gap arrester has the problem of large computing resource demand and long computing period. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a method and device for electromagnetic transient simulation analysis of series gap arrester, a computer readable storage medium and an electronic device, to at least solve the problem of large computing resource demand and long computing period in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present application, a method for electromagnetic transient simulation analysis of series gap arrester is provided, comprising: creating a lightning simulation model of lightning intruding wave overvoltage of a power transmission line according to a Heidler function; obtaining system parameters of the power transmission line, and creating an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the power transmission line equipped with a series gap arrester according to the system parameters of the power transmission line, the electromagnetic transient simulation model comprising a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap arrester model, and an air arc model; calculating simulation data at each monitoring point of the power transmission line under lightning overvoltage by using the electromagnetic transient simulation model and the lightning simulation model, and performing safety performance evaluation on the series gap arrester according to the simulation data, wherein the simulation data comprises voltage data and current data.

[0006] Optionally, creating a lightning simulation model of lightning intruding wave overvoltage of a power transmission line according to a Heidler function comprises: creating the lightning simulation model of the power transmission line according to a first formula: wherein i(0,t) is the current value of lightning current, is the correction factor of lightning current amplitude, I0 is the peak current of lightning current, n is the current steepness factor, τ1 is the time constant of the function rising, τ2 is the time constant of the function decaying, and e is the base number of natural logarithm function.

[0007] Optionally, creating the air arc model of the power transmission line equipped with the series gap surge arrester according to the system parameters of the power transmission line comprises: creating the air arc model, wherein g(t+Δt) is the arc conductance in the time period of t+Δt, g(t) is the arc conductance in the time period of t, i is the arc current, P(g) is the arc heat dissipation power, and τ(g) is the arc time constant.

[0008] Optionally, creating the series gap surge arrester model of the power transmission line equipped with the series gap surge arrester according to the system parameters of the power transmission line comprises: constructing the series gap surge arrester model by using resistance, capacitance, inductance and non-linear resistance, wherein the non-linear resistance represents the conductivity characteristic of the series gap surge arrester model, the capacitance represents the dielectric constant of zinc oxide varistor, the inductance represents the magnetic field related to the current flowing through the zinc oxide surge arrester, and the resistance is used to avoid numerical oscillation in simulation.

[0009] Optionally, creating the grounding resistance model of the power transmission line equipped with the series gap surge arrester according to the system parameters of the power transmission line comprises: creating the grounding resistance model, wherein R T is the grounding resistance, i(t) is the instantaneous value of the impulse current flowing into the grounding device; R0 is the power frequency grounding resistance of the grounding device; I g is the minimum current value for ionizing the soil, E c is the critical breakdown field strength of the soil, and ρ is the soil resistivity.

[0010] Optionally, creating the tower model and the air gap breakdown model of the power transmission line equipped with the series gap surge arrester according to the system parameters of the power transmission line comprises: creating the tower model by using the multi-wave impedance model; and creating the air gap breakdown model by using the arc black box model to determine the interaction between the arc and the power transmission line in the process of lightning overvoltage action.

[0011] Optionally, the safety performance of the series gap surge arrester is evaluated according to the simulation data, including: determining an end voltage waveform of the series gap surge arrester according to the voltage data in the simulation data, determining whether the series gap surge arrester successfully operates at a preset voltage level according to the end voltage waveform, and determining a voltage limiting characteristic after the series gap surge arrester successfully operates; determining a current flowing through the series gap surge arrester and a current distributed to a grounding system according to the current data in the simulation data; and evaluating the safety performance of the series gap surge arrester according to the voltage limiting characteristic, the current flowing through the series gap surge arrester, and the current distributed to the grounding system.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present application, a series gap surge arrester electromagnetic transient simulation analysis device is provided, including: a first creating unit configured to create a lightning simulation model of a lightning overvoltage of a lightning intrusion wave of a power transmission line according to a Heidler function; a second creating unit configured to obtain system parameters of the power transmission line, and create an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the power transmission line with a series gap surge arrester according to the system parameters of the power transmission line, the electromagnetic transient simulation model including a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap surge arrester model, and an air arc model; and an evaluation unit configured to calculate simulation data at each monitoring point of the power transmission line under a lightning overvoltage by using the electromagnetic transient simulation model and the lightning simulation model, and evaluate the safety performance of the series gap surge arrester according to the simulation data, wherein the simulation data includes voltage data and current data.

[0013] According to still another aspect of the present application, a computer readable storage medium is provided, including a stored program, wherein the program, when executed, controls a device where the computer readable storage medium is located to perform any of the series gap surge arrester electromagnetic transient simulation analysis methods.

[0014] According to yet another aspect of the present application, an electronic device is provided, including one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the one or more programs include a program for performing any of the series gap surge arrester electromagnetic transient simulation analysis methods.

[0015] According to the technical solution of the application, a lightning simulation model of a lightning intrusion wave overvoltage of a power transmission line is created according to a Heidler function; system parameters of the power transmission line are obtained, and an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the power transmission line provided with a series gap surge arrester is created according to the system parameters of the power transmission line, the electromagnetic transient simulation model including a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap surge arrester model, and an air arc model; simulation data of each monitoring point of the power transmission line under the action of a lightning overvoltage are calculated by using the electromagnetic transient simulation model and the lightning simulation model, and the safety performance of the series gap surge arrester is evaluated according to the simulation data, wherein the simulation data include voltage data and current data. By constructing the lightning simulation model and the electromagnetic transient simulation model, the series gap surge arrester is simulated, the safety performance of the series gap surge arrester in the power transmission line is evaluated, the lightning resistance performance of the entire power transmission system after the surge arrester is configured is evaluated, and thus the system can be adjusted as necessary, and the effects of different lightning protection strategies can be evaluated. This can also help engineers better understand and optimize the design of the series gap surge arrester, including the size, material selection, gap setting, and installation position of the surge arrester. Such optimization can effectively improve the protection performance and reliability of the surge arrester, reduce losses and failures caused by lightning, and solve the problems of large calculation resource requirements and long calculation period in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings accompanying the specification of the present application form a part thereof, serve to provide further understanding of the application, and together with the specification explain the application. The use of these drawings is to explain the preferred embodiments of the application and is not intended in any way to restrict the application. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 A hardware structure block diagram of a mobile terminal for performing a series gap surge arrester electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 A flowchart of a series gap surge arrester electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 A logic diagram of the action of a series gap surge arrester provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 A voltage waveform diagram of a No. 1 tower side provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0021] Figure 5 A voltage waveform diagram of a No. 2 tower side provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0022] Figure 6A three-phase current waveform chart on the side of the No. 1 pole tower is shown according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 7 A three-phase current waveform chart on the side of the No. 2 pole tower is shown according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 8 A structure block diagram of an electromagnetic transient simulation analysis device of a series gap surge arrester is shown according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Among the above drawings, the following reference signs are included:

[0026] 102, processor; 104, memory; 106, transmission device; 108, input and output device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the present application can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0028] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second" and the like in the specification and claims of the present application and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily indicate a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data thus used can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units does not necessarily limit to those steps or units clearly listed, but can include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0030] As introduced in the background, the prior art has the problems of large computing resource requirement and long computing period. To solve the problems of large computing resource requirement and long computing period in the prior art, the embodiments of the present application provide a series gap surge arrester electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method, device, computer readable storage medium and electronic equipment.

[0031] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] The methods and embodiments provided in this application can be executed on a mobile terminal, computer terminal, or similar computing device. Taking running on a mobile terminal as an example, Figure 1 This is a hardware structure block diagram of a mobile terminal for an electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method for a series gap surge arrester according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, a mobile terminal may include one or more ( Figure 1 Only one is shown in the diagram. A processor 102 (which may include, but is not limited to, a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA, etc.) and a memory 104 for storing data are also shown. The mobile terminal may further include a transmission device 106 for communication functions and an input / output device 108. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 1 The structure shown is for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the structure of the mobile terminal described above. For example, the mobile terminal may also include components that are more... Figure 1 The more or fewer components shown, or having the same Figure 1 The different configurations shown.

[0033] The memory 104 can be used to store computer programs, such as application software programs and modules, like the computer program corresponding to the electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method for series gap surge arresters in this embodiment of the invention. The processor 102 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the computer program stored in the memory 104, thereby implementing the above-described method. The memory 104 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some instances, the memory 104 may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor 102, and these remote memories can be connected to the mobile terminal via a network. Examples of the aforementioned networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof. The transmission device 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. Specific examples of the aforementioned networks may include wireless networks provided by the mobile terminal's communication provider. In one example, the transmission device 106 includes a network interface controller (NIC), which can be connected to other network devices via a base station to communicate with the Internet. In one example, the transmission device 106 may be a radio frequency (RF) module, which is used to communicate with the Internet wirelessly.

[0034] This embodiment provides a method for electromagnetic transient simulation analysis of a series gap surge arrester that runs on a mobile terminal, computer terminal, or similar computing device. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of an electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method for a series gap surge arrester according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0036] Step S201: Based on the Heidler function, create a lightning simulation model of the overvoltage caused by lightning intrusion wave in the transmission line;

[0037] Specifically, the Heidler function is a mathematical model describing lightning surge overvoltage, which can be used to simulate lightning surge overvoltage on transmission lines. By using the Heidler function, the impact of lightning surges on transmission lines can be effectively simulated, helping engineers assess the adequacy of lightning protection measures. When establishing a lightning simulation model of lightning surge overvoltage on transmission lines, the physical parameters of the line must first be determined, including its length, height, and conductor type. Then, according to the formula of the Heidler function, the waveform and amplitude of the lightning surge overvoltage are calculated. Finally, the calculated waveform and amplitude are applied to simulation software to perform a simulation analysis of lightning surge overvoltage on the transmission line. By establishing a simulation model based on the Heidler function, engineers can better understand the voltage changes of transmission lines under the influence of lightning surges, assess the line's lightning protection capability, and take corresponding measures to improve the line's lightning resistance, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the transmission system.

[0038] Step S202: Obtain the system parameters of the transmission line, and create an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission line equipped with a series gap surge arrester based on the system parameters of the transmission line. The electromagnetic transient simulation model includes a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap surge arrester model, and an air arc model.

[0039] Specifically, considering the high-frequency characteristics of lightning wave transient processes, the J.Marti model, which can reflect the frequency characteristics of LCC elements, is selected as the electromagnetic transient simulation model in the ATP-EMTP software.

[0040] Step S203: Using the above-mentioned electromagnetic transient simulation model and the above-mentioned lightning simulation model, calculate the simulation data at each monitoring point of the above-mentioned transmission line under the action of lightning overvoltage, and evaluate the safety performance of the above-mentioned series gap surge arrester based on the above-mentioned simulation data, wherein the above-mentioned simulation data includes voltage data and current data.

[0041] Specifically, by leveraging the powerful electromagnetic transient analysis capabilities of the ATP-EMTP software, the aim is to improve the accuracy of performance analysis of series gap surge arresters under electromagnetic transient events such as lightning strikes. The specific objective is to more realistically simulate the electromagnetic response of a power system when struck by lightning, including phenomena such as voltage, current, and arc discharge. This helps engineers better understand and optimize the design of series gap surge arresters, including arrester dimensions, material selection, gap settings, and installation location. Such optimization can effectively improve the protective performance and reliability of the surge arrester, reducing losses and failures caused by lightning strikes.

[0042] This embodiment creates a lightning simulation model of lightning surge overvoltage on a transmission line using the Heidler function; obtains the system parameters of the transmission line, and creates an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission line equipped with a series gap arrester based on these parameters. The electromagnetic transient simulation model includes a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap arrester model, and an air arc model. The electromagnetic transient simulation model and the lightning simulation model are used to calculate simulation data at various monitoring points on the transmission line under lightning overvoltage, and the safety performance of the series gap arrester is evaluated based on the simulation data, which includes voltage and current data. By constructing the lightning simulation model and the electromagnetic transient simulation model, the safety performance of the series gap arrester in the transmission line is evaluated, thus assessing the lightning withstand performance of the entire transmission system after the arrester is installed. This allows for necessary adjustments to the system and helps evaluate the effectiveness of different lightning protection strategies. This solves the problems of high computational resource requirements and long computation cycles in existing technologies.

[0043] In the specific implementation process, a lightning simulation model of the overvoltage caused by lightning intrusion wave in the transmission line is created based on the Heidler function, including: according to the first formula: The above-mentioned lightning simulation model of the above-mentioned transmission line was created, wherein, τ is the lightning current amplitude correction coefficient, I0 is the peak lightning current, n is the current steepness factor, τ1 is the time constant that determines the rise of the function, τ2 is the time constant that determines the decay of the function, and e is the base of the natural logarithm function.

[0044] The time constant for the rise of the determining function can be 2.6 μs, the time constant for the decay of the determining function can be 50 μs, and the current steepness factor can be 10.

[0045] Furthermore, based on the system parameters of the aforementioned transmission line, an air arc model of the transmission line equipped with a series gap surge arrester is created, including: according to the second formula: The above air arc model is created, where g(t+Δt) is the arc conductance during the time interval t+Δt, g(t) is the arc conductance during the time interval t, i is the arc current, P(g) is the arc heat dissipation power, and τ(g) is the arc time constant.

[0046] This method uses an arc black box model to describe the interaction between the arc and the transmission line during lightning overvoltage, studying the dynamic electrical characteristics of the arc. In this embodiment, the Cassie-Mayr arc model is used for electromagnetic transient simulation of the series air gap. The Cassie-Mayr dynamic arc conductance equation is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] The above equation is the Cassie-Mayr dynamic arc conductance equation, in which g is the arc conductance, i is the arc current, P(g) is the arc heat dissipation power, and τ(g) is the arc time constant.

[0049] P(g) and τ(g) are both functions of the arc conductance. Their values ​​depend on factors such as temperature and can be defined as follows:

[0050] P(g)=P0×g α ;

[0051] τ(g)=τ0×g β ;

[0052] In the formula, P0, τ0, α, and β are constants.

[0053] Within a certain short time interval Δt, the arc heat dissipation power P(g) and the arc time constant τ(g) are both considered constants. The first-order differential equation is solved using the Euler method:

[0054] To prevent numerical instability during calculation, the function e is transformed. x Expanding into a Taylor series, we get:

[0055] Taking the first two terms of the expansion and transforming them, we have:

[0056] -x=1-e x ;

[0057] x = 1 - e -x ;

[0058] make Then we have:

[0059] The breakdown of the air gap is achieved using MODELS and TACS components in the ATP-EMTP software. MODELS components can be flexibly programmed to enable interaction between the electrical network and the control system; TACS components can simulate nonlinear characteristics and logical operations, and their inputs and outputs can be interfaced with the simulated network to perform comprehensive calculations.

[0060] Furthermore, based on the system parameters of the aforementioned transmission line, a series gap arrester model for the transmission line equipped with a series gap arrester is created, including: constructing the aforementioned series gap arrester model using resistors, capacitors, inductors, and nonlinear resistors, wherein the aforementioned nonlinear resistors represent the conductivity characteristics of the aforementioned series gap arrester model, the aforementioned capacitors represent the dielectric constant of the zinc oxide resistor sheet, the aforementioned inductors represent the magnetic field related to the current flowing through the zinc oxide arrester, and the aforementioned resistors are used to avoid numerical oscillations during simulation.

[0061] This method models the arrester body using a resistor R. L Capacitor C, inductor L, and nonlinear resistor R c This model can represent the characteristics of surge arresters over a wider frequency and amplitude range, and can be used to simultaneously study the withstand and protection characteristics of surge arresters. The nonlinear resistor represents the conductivity characteristics of the surge arrester, and the capacitor represents the dielectric constant of the zinc oxide resistor; their specific values ​​are related to the discharge level of the surge arrester line. The inductance represents the magnetic field associated with the current flowing through the zinc oxide surge arrester, and the resistance is used to avoid numerical oscillations that may occur during simulation. The parameter values ​​can be determined by the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] In the formula, h is the height of the zinc oxide resistor valve; n represents the number of parallel resistor columns inside the surge arrester; and Δt is the simulation time step.

[0064] Specifically, based on the system parameters of the aforementioned transmission line, a grounding resistance model for the transmission line equipped with a series gap surge arrester is created, including: according to the third formula: The above grounding resistance model is created, where, i(t) is the instantaneous value of the impulse current flowing into the grounding device; R0 is the power frequency grounding resistance of the grounding device; I g The minimum current required to ionize soil, E c ρ is the critical breakdown field strength of the soil, ρ is the soil resistivity, and R0 is the power frequency grounding resistance.

[0065] The grounding resistance model used in this method adopts the soil ionization grounding resistance model, and is implemented in the software using the MODELS language.

[0066] More specifically, based on the system parameters of the aforementioned transmission lines, a tower model and an air gap breakdown model for the transmission lines equipped with series gap surge arresters are created, including: creating the aforementioned tower model using a multi-wave impedance model; and creating the aforementioned air gap breakdown model using an arc black box model, in order to determine the interaction between the arc and the aforementioned transmission lines during lightning overvoltage.

[0067] This method selects the arc black box model to describe the interaction between the arc and the transmission line during the lightning overvoltage process, studies the dynamic electrical characteristics of the arc, and uses the Cassie-Mayr arc model to perform electromagnetic transient simulation of the series air gap.

[0068] Furthermore, a safety performance evaluation of the series gap arrester is performed based on the aforementioned simulation data, including: determining the terminal voltage waveform of the series gap arrester based on the voltage data in the aforementioned simulation data; determining whether the series gap arrester successfully operates at a preset voltage level based on the terminal voltage waveform; and determining the voltage limiting characteristics of the series gap arrester after successful operation; determining the current flowing through the series gap arrester and the current distributed to the grounding system based on the current data in the aforementioned simulation data; and evaluating the safety performance of the series gap arrester based on the voltage limiting characteristics, the current flowing through the series gap arrester, and the current distributed to the grounding system.

[0069] This method analyzes the voltage waveform across the surge arrester to determine whether it successfully operates at a predetermined voltage level. It observes the voltage limiting characteristics after arrester operation to evaluate its performance and post-breakdown behavior. The distribution of lightning current in the system is analyzed, including the current flowing through the arrester and the current distributed to the grounding system. The protective effectiveness of the arrester and the entire protection system under different lightning current impulses is evaluated, including whether the system can limit the voltage below a safe level. This analysis helps identify any insulation weaknesses in the system.

[0070] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this application, the implementation process of the electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method for series gap surge arresters of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0071] This embodiment relates to a specific electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method for a series gap surge arrester, including the following steps:

[0072] Step S1: Set the calculation conditions for lightning current and establish a simulation model of the overvoltage of lightning intrusion wave in transmission lines.

[0073] According to statistics, the probability distribution of peak lightning current in areas of my country with more than 20 thunderstorm days is as follows:

[0074] Where P is the probability that the lightning current amplitude exceeds I; I is the lightning current amplitude, in kA.

[0075] Statistics show that the wavefront time τ1 of lightning current waveforms is generally 1–5 μs, and the half-peak time τ2 is generally 20–100 μs. Actual measurements indicate a certain correlation between the peak value and steepness of lightning current; the greater the steepness of the lightning current, the greater the damage to the power system. However, the steepness of lightning current is often difficult to measure directly and needs to be deduced based on the lightning current amplitude, wavefront, and peak.

[0076] The lightning current function uses the Heidler function proposed by the International Electrotechnical Commission, and its expression is:

[0077]

[0078] In the formula, τ is the lightning current amplitude correction coefficient; I0 ​​is the peak lightning current; n is the current steepness factor; τ1 is the time constant determining the rise of the function; τ2 is the time constant determining the decay of the function. We take τ1 = 2.6 μs, τ2 = 50 μs, and n = 10.

[0079] Step S2: Based on the actual 35kV transmission line system parameters, establish an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission line equipped with series gap surge arresters.

[0080] Considering the high-frequency characteristics of lightning transient processes, the J.Marti model, which can reflect the frequency characteristics, was selected from the LCC elements in the ATP-EMTP software.

[0081] There is a wave process from the top of the tower to the base of the tower in a 35kV overhead line, so the tower model is selected as a multi-wave impedance model.

[0082] The grounding resistance model adopts the soil ionization grounding resistance model, which is implemented in the software using the MODELS language. The governing equations of the model are:

[0083] In the formula: i(t) is the instantaneous value of the impulse current flowing into the grounding device; R0 is the power frequency grounding resistance of the grounding device; I g The minimum current required to ionize the soil, kA, is given by the soil's critical breakdown field strength E. c The determination of soil resistivity ρ and power frequency grounding resistance R0, among which

[0084] Under the influence of lightning waves, the steepness of the wave significantly affects the flashover voltage. Therefore, using the volt-second characteristic of the air gap to calculate the flashover voltage is more accurate. The expression for the volt-second characteristic of an insulator string is:

[0085] In the formula, U F (t) represents the critical flashover voltage in kV; t represents the flashover time in seconds; and l represents the length of the air gap or insulator string in meters.

[0086] The surge arrester body is modeled using resistors, capacitors, inductors, and nonlinear resistors. This model can represent the surge arrester characteristics over a wider frequency and amplitude range, and can be used to simultaneously study the surge arrester's withstand and protection characteristics. The nonlinear resistor represents the surge arrester's conductivity characteristics, and the capacitor represents the dielectric constant of the zinc oxide resistive element; their specific values ​​are related to the surge arrester's line discharge level. The inductor represents the magnetic field associated with the current flowing through the zinc oxide surge arrester, and the resistor is used to avoid numerical oscillations that may occur during simulation. The parameter values ​​can be determined by the following formula:

[0087]

[0088] In the formula, h is the height of the zinc oxide resistor valve in meters; n represents the number of parallel resistor arrays inside the surge arrester; and Δt is the simulation time step.

[0089] The breakdown model for the air gap uses an arc black box model to describe the interaction between the arc and the transmission line during lightning overvoltage, studying the dynamic electrical characteristics of the arc. This embodiment uses the Cassie-Mayr arc model for electromagnetic transient simulation of the series air gap. The Cassie-Mayr dynamic arc conductance equation is as follows:

[0090]

[0091] The above equation is the Cassie-Mayr dynamic arc conductance equation, in which g is the arc conductance, i is the arc current, P(g) is the arc heat dissipation power, and τ(g) is the arc time constant.

[0092] P(g) and τ(g) are both functions of the arc conductance. Their values ​​depend on factors such as temperature and can be defined as follows:

[0093] P(g)=P0×g α ;

[0094] τ(g)=τ0×g β ;

[0095] In the formula, P0, τ0, α, and β are constants.

[0096] Within a certain short time interval Δt, the arc heat dissipation power P(g) and the arc time constant τ(g) are both considered constants. The first-order differential equation is solved using the Euler method:

[0097] To prevent numerical instability during calculation, the function e is transformed. x Expanding into a Taylor series, we get:

[0098] Taking the first two terms of the expansion and transforming them, we have:

[0099] -x=1-e x ;

[0100] x = 1 - e -x ;

[0101] make Then we have:

[0102] The breakdown of the air gap is achieved using MODELS and TACS components in the ATP-EMTP software. MODELS components can be flexibly programmed to enable interaction between the electrical network and the control system; TACS components can simulate nonlinear characteristics and logical operations, and their inputs and outputs can be interfaced with the simulated network to perform comprehensive calculations.

[0103] Step S3: Run the simulation model to calculate the voltage and current values ​​at each monitoring point under the action of lightning overvoltage.

[0104] The influence of lightning overvoltage under different parameter settings was compared and analyzed, and reasonable conclusions were drawn.

[0105] The analysis includes the following components: Voltage analysis: Analyzing the voltage waveform across the surge arrester to determine if it successfully operates at the predetermined voltage level. Observing the voltage limiting characteristics after the surge arrester operates to evaluate its performance and behavior after breakdown. Current analysis: Analyzing the distribution of lightning current in the system, including the current flowing through the surge arrester and the current distributed to the grounding system. System protection effectiveness: Evaluating the protection effectiveness of the surge arrester and the entire protection system under different lightning current impulses, including whether the system can limit the voltage below a safe level. This analysis helps identify insulation weaknesses in the system.

[0106] Taking the voltage and current waveforms at various equipment points under the direct lightning strike of 10kA as an example:

[0107] A direct lightning strike occurred on tower No. 1, and the lightning overvoltage intruded into tower No. 2, causing the series gap surge arrester on that tower to trip, limiting the backflash overvoltage to a residual voltage of 130kV. The voltage waveform on the tower No. 1 side is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the voltage waveform on the side of tower No. 2 is as follows. Figure 4 As shown, the three-phase current waveforms on the side of tower No. 1 are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the three-phase current waveforms on the side of tower No. 2 are as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0108] The logic diagram for the operation of the series gap surge arrester is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the series gap surge arrester consists of an air gap and an arrester body. First, the voltage across the input air gap is detected, the voltage difference is calculated, and it is determined whether the voltage difference is greater than the set voltage value. If the voltage difference is less than or equal to the set voltage value, the TACS switch is kept open, and the voltage across the input air gap is detected again. If the voltage difference is greater than the set voltage value, it is determined that the air gap has broken down, and the TACS switch is controlled to close.

[0109] This embodiment leverages the powerful electromagnetic transient analysis capabilities of ATP-EMTP software to improve the accuracy of performance analysis of series gap surge arresters under electromagnetic transient events such as lightning strikes. Specifically, it aims to more realistically simulate the electromagnetic response of a power system when struck by lightning, including phenomena such as voltage, current, and arc discharge. Through precise simulation analysis, this embodiment helps engineers better understand and optimize the design of series gap surge arresters, including arrester dimensions, material selection, gap settings, and installation location. Such optimization can effectively improve the protection performance and reliability of the surge arrester, reducing losses and failures caused by lightning strikes. This embodiment allows for the evaluation of the lightning withstand performance of the entire transmission system after surge arrester configuration, enabling necessary adjustments to the system and helping to assess the effectiveness of different lightning protection strategies.

[0110] This application also provides an electromagnetic transient simulation analysis device for a series gap surge arrester. It should be noted that this device can be used to execute the electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method for series gap surge arresters provided in this application. This device is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred embodiments; details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that performs a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0111] The electromagnetic transient simulation analysis device for series gap surge arresters provided in the embodiments of this application is described below.

[0112] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic transient simulation analysis device for a series gap surge arrester according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 As shown, the device includes:

[0113] The first creation unit 81 is used to create a lightning simulation model of the overvoltage of the lightning intrusion wave in the transmission line according to the Heidler function;

[0114] The second creation unit 82 is used to obtain the system parameters of the transmission line and create an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission line equipped with a series gap surge arrester based on the system parameters of the transmission line. The electromagnetic transient simulation model includes a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap surge arrester model, and an air arc model.

[0115] Evaluation unit 83 uses the above-mentioned electromagnetic transient simulation model and the above-mentioned lightning simulation model to calculate the simulation data at each monitoring point of the above-mentioned transmission line under the action of lightning overvoltage, and evaluates the safety performance of the above-mentioned series gap surge arrester based on the above-mentioned simulation data, wherein the above-mentioned simulation data includes voltage data and current data.

[0116] In this embodiment, the first creation unit is used to create a lightning simulation model of the overvoltage caused by lightning intrusion on the transmission line according to the Heidler function; the second creation unit is used to obtain the system parameters of the transmission line and create an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission line equipped with a series gap arrester based on the system parameters. The electromagnetic transient simulation model includes a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap arrester model, and an air arc model; the evaluation unit uses the electromagnetic transient simulation model and the lightning simulation model to calculate the simulation data at each monitoring point of the transmission line under the action of lightning overvoltage, and evaluates the safety performance of the series gap arrester based on the simulation data. The simulation data includes voltage data and current data. By constructing the lightning simulation model and the electromagnetic transient simulation model, the series gap arrester is simulated, and the safety performance of the series gap arrester in the transmission line is evaluated. This allows for the evaluation of the lightning withstand performance of the entire transmission system after the arrester is configured, enabling necessary adjustments to the system and helping to evaluate the effectiveness of different lightning protection strategies. This solves the problem that existing technologies have high computational resource requirements and long computation cycles.

[0117] As an optional approach, the first creation unit includes a first creation module, used to create according to a first formula: The above-mentioned lightning simulation model of the above-mentioned transmission line was created, wherein, τ is the lightning current amplitude correction coefficient, I0 is the peak lightning current, n is the current steepness factor, τ1 is the time constant that determines the rise of the function, τ2 is the time constant that determines the decay of the function, and e is the base of the natural logarithm function.

[0118] In one alternative approach, the second creation unit includes a second creation module for creating according to a second formula: The above air arc model is created, where g(t+Δt) is the arc conductance during the time interval t+Δt, g(t) is the arc conductance during the time interval t, i is the arc current, P(g) is the arc heat dissipation power, and τ(g) is the arc time constant.

[0119] In an optional embodiment, the second creation unit further includes a third creation module for constructing the aforementioned series gap arrester model using resistors, capacitors, inductors, and nonlinear resistors. The nonlinear resistors represent the conductivity characteristics of the aforementioned series gap arrester model, the capacitors represent the dielectric constant of the zinc oxide resistor sheet, the inductors represent the magnetic field associated with the current flowing through the zinc oxide arrester, and the resistors are used to avoid numerical oscillations during simulation.

[0120] In an alternative embodiment, the second creation unit further includes a fourth creation module for using the third formula: The above grounding resistance model is created, where, i(t) is the instantaneous value of the impulse current flowing into the grounding device; R0 is the power frequency grounding resistance of the grounding device; I g The minimum current required to ionize soil, E c ρ is the critical breakdown field strength of the soil, ρ is the soil resistivity, and R0 is the power frequency grounding resistance.

[0121] In one alternative, the second creation unit further includes a fifth creation module and a sixth creation module. The fifth creation module is used to create the tower model using a multi-wave impedance model; the sixth creation module is used to create the air gap breakdown model using an arc black box model to determine the interaction between the arc and the transmission line during lightning overvoltage.

[0122] In one optional scheme, the evaluation unit includes a first determining module, a second determining module, and an evaluation module. The first determining module is used to determine the terminal voltage waveform of the series gap arrester based on the voltage data in the simulation data, determine whether the series gap arrester successfully operates at a preset voltage level based on the terminal voltage waveform, and determine the voltage limiting characteristics of the series gap arrester after successful operation. The second determining module is used to determine the current flowing through the series gap arrester and the current distributed to the grounding system based on the current data in the simulation data. The evaluation module is used to evaluate the safety performance of the series gap arrester based on the voltage limiting characteristics, the current flowing through the series gap arrester, and the current distributed to the grounding system.

[0123] The aforementioned electromagnetic transient simulation analysis device for series gap surge arresters includes a processor and a memory. The first creation unit, the second creation unit, and the evaluation unit are all stored as program units in the memory, and the processor executes these program units to achieve the corresponding functions. All of the above modules are located in the same processor; alternatively, the modules may be located in different processors in any combination.

[0124] A processor contains a kernel, which retrieves the corresponding program units from memory. One or more kernels can be configured, and adjusting kernel parameters can address the problems of high computational resource requirements and long computation cycles in existing technologies.

[0125] The memory may include non-permanent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM, and the memory includes at least one memory chip.

[0126] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium including a stored program, wherein, when the program is executed, it controls the device containing the computer-readable storage medium to perform the electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method for the series gap surge arrester.

[0127] Specifically, the electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method for series gap surge arresters includes:

[0128] Step S201: Based on the Heidler function, create a lightning simulation model of the overvoltage caused by lightning intrusion wave in the transmission line;

[0129] Step S202: Obtain the system parameters of the transmission line, and create an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission line equipped with a series gap surge arrester based on the system parameters of the transmission line. The electromagnetic transient simulation model includes a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap surge arrester model, and an air arc model.

[0130] Step S203: Using the above-mentioned electromagnetic transient simulation model and the above-mentioned lightning simulation model, calculate the simulation data at each monitoring point of the above-mentioned transmission line under the action of lightning overvoltage, and evaluate the safety performance of the above-mentioned series gap surge arrester based on the above-mentioned simulation data, wherein the above-mentioned simulation data includes voltage data and current data.

[0131] This invention provides a processor for running a program, wherein the program executes the electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method for the series gap surge arrester.

[0132] Specifically, the electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method for series gap surge arresters includes:

[0133] Step S201: Based on the Heidler function, create a lightning simulation model of the overvoltage caused by lightning intrusion wave in the transmission line;

[0134] Step S202: Obtain the system parameters of the transmission line, and create an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission line equipped with a series gap surge arrester based on the system parameters of the transmission line. The electromagnetic transient simulation model includes a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap surge arrester model, and an air arc model.

[0135] Step S203: Using the above-mentioned electromagnetic transient simulation model and the above-mentioned lightning simulation model, calculate the simulation data at each monitoring point of the above-mentioned transmission line under the action of lightning overvoltage, and evaluate the safety performance of the above-mentioned series gap surge arrester based on the above-mentioned simulation data, wherein the above-mentioned simulation data includes voltage data and current data.

[0136] This invention provides an electronic device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it performs at least the following steps:

[0137] Step S201: Based on the Heidler function, create a lightning simulation model of the overvoltage caused by lightning intrusion wave in the transmission line;

[0138] Step S202: Obtain the system parameters of the transmission line, and create an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission line equipped with a series gap surge arrester based on the system parameters of the transmission line. The electromagnetic transient simulation model includes a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap surge arrester model, and an air arc model.

[0139] Step S203: Using the above-mentioned electromagnetic transient simulation model and the above-mentioned lightning simulation model, calculate the simulation data at each monitoring point of the above-mentioned transmission line under the action of lightning overvoltage, and evaluate the safety performance of the above-mentioned series gap surge arrester based on the above-mentioned simulation data, wherein the above-mentioned simulation data includes voltage data and current data.

[0140] The devices mentioned in this article can be servers, PCs, tablets, mobile phones, etc.

[0141] This application also provides a computer program product, which, when executed on a data processing device, is suitable for executing an initialization program having at least the following method steps:

[0142] Step S201: Based on the Heidler function, create a lightning simulation model of the overvoltage caused by lightning intrusion wave in the transmission line;

[0143] Step S202: Obtain the system parameters of the transmission line, and create an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission line equipped with a series gap surge arrester based on the system parameters of the transmission line. The electromagnetic transient simulation model includes a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap surge arrester model, and an air arc model.

[0144] Step S203: Using the above-mentioned electromagnetic transient simulation model and the above-mentioned lightning simulation model, calculate the simulation data at each monitoring point of the above-mentioned transmission line under the action of lightning overvoltage, and evaluate the safety performance of the above-mentioned series gap surge arrester based on the above-mentioned simulation data, wherein the above-mentioned simulation data includes voltage data and current data.

[0145] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of the present invention described above can be implemented using general-purpose computing devices. They can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. They can be implemented using computer-executable program code, and thus can be stored in a storage device for execution by a computing device. In some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in a different order than those described herein, or they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0146] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0147] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0148] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxesFigure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0149] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0150] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0151] Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, like read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0152] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0153] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0154] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of this application achieve the following technical effects:

[0155] 1) This application discloses an electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method for series gap surge arresters, comprising: creating a lightning simulation model of lightning surge overvoltage in a transmission line based on the Heidler function; obtaining system parameters of the transmission line and creating an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission line equipped with series gap surge arresters based on the system parameters. The electromagnetic transient simulation model includes a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap surge arrester model, and an air arc model; calculating simulation data at each monitoring point of the transmission line under lightning overvoltage using the electromagnetic transient simulation model and the lightning simulation model, and evaluating the safety performance of the series gap surge arrester based on the simulation data. The simulation data includes voltage data and current data. By constructing the lightning simulation model and the electromagnetic transient simulation model, the series gap surge arrester is simulated, and the safety performance of the series gap surge arrester in the transmission line is evaluated. This allows for the evaluation of the lightning withstand performance of the entire transmission system after the surge arrester is configured, enabling necessary adjustments to the system and helping to evaluate the effectiveness of different lightning protection strategies. This solves the problems of high computational resource requirements and long computation cycles in existing technologies.

[0156] 2) This application discloses an electromagnetic transient simulation analysis device for a series gap surge arrester, comprising: a first creation unit, used to create a lightning simulation model of lightning surge overvoltage of a transmission line based on the Heidler function; a second creation unit, used to acquire system parameters of the transmission line and create an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission line equipped with a series gap surge arrester based on the system parameters, the electromagnetic transient simulation model including a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap surge arrester model, and an air arc model; and an evaluation unit, which uses the electromagnetic transient simulation model and the lightning simulation model to calculate simulation data at each monitoring point of the transmission line under lightning overvoltage, and evaluates the safety performance of the series gap surge arrester based on the simulation data, wherein the simulation data includes voltage data and current data. By constructing the lightning simulation model and the electromagnetic transient simulation model, the series gap surge arrester is simulated, and the safety performance of the series gap surge arrester in the transmission line is evaluated, so as to evaluate the lightning withstand performance of the entire transmission system after the surge arrester is configured, thereby allowing for necessary adjustments to the system and helping to evaluate the effectiveness of different lightning protection strategies. This solves the problem that existing technologies have high computational resource requirements and long computation cycles.

[0157] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for electromagnetic transient simulation analysis of a series gap surge arrester, characterized in that, include: A lightning simulation model of overvoltage caused by lightning intrusion wave in transmission lines is created based on the Heidler function; The system parameters of the transmission line are obtained, and an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission line equipped with a series gap surge arrester is created based on the system parameters of the transmission line. The electromagnetic transient simulation model includes a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap surge arrester model, and an air arc model. The electromagnetic transient simulation model and the lightning simulation model are used to calculate the simulation data at each monitoring point of the transmission line under the action of lightning overvoltage, and the safety performance of the series gap arrester is evaluated based on the simulation data. The simulation data includes voltage data and current data. Based on the Heidler function, a lightning simulation model of the overvoltage caused by lightning intrusion waves in transmission lines is created, including: According to the first formula: Create a lightning simulation model of the transmission line, wherein, Let be the lightning current value during time period t. This is the correction factor for the amplitude of the lightning current. This is the peak current of the lightning current. For current steepness factor, It is the time constant that determines the rise of the function. It is the time constant that determines the decay of the function, and e is the base of the natural logarithm function; An air arc model of a transmission line equipped with a series gap surge arrester is created based on the system parameters of the transmission line, including: According to the second formula: Create the air arc model, wherein, for Arc conductance over a period of time Let be the arc conductance over time time t. It is the arc current. For arc heat dissipation power, The arc time constant; Based on the system parameters of the transmission line, a series gap arrester model of the transmission line equipped with a series gap arrester is created, including: constructing the series gap arrester model using resistors, capacitors, inductors, and nonlinear resistors, wherein the nonlinear resistor represents the conductivity characteristics of the series gap arrester model, the capacitor represents the dielectric constant of the zinc oxide resistor sheet, the inductor represents the magnetic field related to the current flowing through the zinc oxide arrester, and the resistor is used to avoid numerical oscillations during simulation.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the system parameters of the transmission line, a grounding resistance model of the transmission line equipped with series gap surge arresters is created, including: According to the third formula: Create the grounding resistance model, wherein, For grounding resistance, , It is the instantaneous value of the inrush current flowing into the grounding device; The power frequency grounding resistance of the grounding device; The minimum current required to ionize soil. This represents the critical breakdown field strength of the soil. For soil resistivity, This is the power frequency grounding resistance.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the system parameters of the transmission line, a tower model and an air gap breakdown model of the transmission line equipped with series gap surge arresters are created, including: The tower model was created using a multi-wave impedance model; An air gap breakdown model was created using an arc black box model to determine the interaction between the arc and the transmission line during lightning overvoltage.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The safety performance of the series gap surge arrester is evaluated based on the simulation data, including: The terminal voltage waveform of the series gap arrester is determined based on the voltage data in the simulation data. The series gap arrester is then determined to operate successfully at a preset voltage level based on the terminal voltage waveform. Finally, the voltage limiting characteristics of the series gap arrester after successful operation are determined. The current flowing through the series gap arrester and the current distributed to the grounding system are determined based on the current data in the simulation data. The safety performance of the series gap arrester is evaluated based on the voltage limiting characteristics, the current flowing through the series gap arrester, and the current distributed to the grounding system.

5. An electromagnetic transient simulation and analysis device for a series gap surge arrester, characterized in that, include: The first creation unit is used to create a lightning simulation model of the overvoltage of the lightning intrusion wave in the transmission line according to the Heidler function; The second creation unit is used to obtain the system parameters of the transmission line and create an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission line equipped with a series gap surge arrester based on the system parameters of the transmission line. The electromagnetic transient simulation model includes a tower model, a grounding resistance model, an air gap breakdown model, a series gap surge arrester model, and an air arc model. The evaluation unit uses the electromagnetic transient simulation model and the lightning simulation model to calculate the simulation data at each monitoring point of the transmission line under the action of lightning overvoltage, and evaluates the safety performance of the series gap arrester based on the simulation data. The simulation data includes voltage data and current data. The first creation unit includes a first creation module, used to create according to a first formula: Create a lightning simulation model of the transmission line, wherein, This is the correction factor for the amplitude of the lightning current. This is the peak current of the lightning current. For current steepness factor, It is the time constant that determines the rise of the function. It is the time constant that determines the decay of the function, and e is the base of the natural logarithm function; The second creation unit includes a second creation module, used to create according to a second formula: Create the air arc model, wherein, for Arc conductance over a period of time Let be the arc conductance over time time t. It is the arc current. For arc heat dissipation power, The arc time constant; The second creation unit also includes a third creation module for constructing the series gap arrester model using resistors, capacitors, inductors, and nonlinear resistors. The nonlinear resistors represent the conductivity characteristics of the series gap arrester model, the capacitors represent the dielectric constant of the zinc oxide resistor sheet, the inductors represent the magnetic field related to the current flowing through the zinc oxide arrester, and the resistors are used to avoid numerical oscillations during simulation.

6. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein, when the program is executed, it controls the device containing the computer-readable storage medium to perform the electromagnetic transient simulation analysis method for a series gap surge arrester as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including methods for performing electromagnetic transient simulation analysis of a series gap arrester as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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