Data storage medium and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a data storage medium and application thereof, and also provides a nucleic acid molecule, the nucleic acid molecule can be combined on a carrier with addressable information, and data information contained in the nucleic acid molecule can be randomly read and erased in situ on the carrier.

Description

Data storage medium and its application Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of data storage, and more particularly to a data storage medium and its application. Background Art

[0002] With the rise of big data and artificial intelligence technologies, the demand for storing massive amounts of data has exploded, and mainstream storage media are increasingly unable to meet the rapidly increasing demand. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the carbon-based storage medium for the genetic code of life, selected through eons of natural evolution, offers extremely high storage density and robustness. DNA's inherent encodeability and efficient replication capabilities offer the potential to provide a novel strategy for high-density data storage and high-performance computing. DNA storage offers the advantage of high physical stability, unlike electronic media that degrade with read cycles, providing a fundamental solution for long-term data storage. Furthermore, DNA's combined information processing and computing capabilities offer new avenues for developing novel storage-computing architectures and systems.

[0003] The DNA data storage process primarily involves six technical steps: information encoding, writing, storage, retrieval, reading, and decoding. Existing DNA storage systems are primarily based on artificially synthesized short or long DNA chains, encoding digital information into DNA sequences and synthesizing corresponding DNA chains. These are then stored inside cells or outside the body, and then the data is read out using sequencing technology.

[0004] Compared to existing mature data storage systems, existing DNA storage systems primarily encompass two storage modes. One is a non-random read architecture, in which the data to be stored is encoded and written in its entirety. Therefore, data readout requires sequencing all sequences in the system and decoding the overall sequence results to obtain the data information. Non-random read architectures cannot search for partial information within a file, and therefore cannot addressably modify written information. Another storage mode is a DNA storage architecture with a random read mode. In this type of system, the data to be written is first segmented into data segments, which are then encoded and indexed. This type of DNA storage architecture thus has the ability to selectively read information segments. However, this type of system primarily relies on PCR technology, requiring the direct extraction of a portion of the original data or the extraction of the desired data using magnetic beads, followed by PCR amplification, and then sequencing and reading. However, this approach can corrupt the original data composition. Multiple reads and PCR cycles can introduce numerous errors into the data, hindering the recovery of the original data. A data readout method that selectively reads data without destroying the original data, similar to the in-situ readout methods of traditional semiconductor storage media, is still lacking. Furthermore, current DNA storage systems primarily offer single-write archiving capabilities, while the ability to modify data within the storage system after writing remains significantly limited. In particular, addressable modification of arbitrary data stored in DNA storage systems remains a challenge.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for a DNA storage method that is addressable for writing, addressable for modification and / or addressable for reading.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] This application provides a DNA storage system with comprehensive data manipulation capabilities, enabling addressable functions such as data writing, data deletion, data modification, and data reading. Specifically, it enables multiple erasing, data modification, and multiple data reading, addressing the functional deficiencies of existing DNA storage systems. For example, this application enables programmable binding and separation of storage addresses and data on DNA molecules.

[0008] On the one hand, the present application provides a system comprising 1) a nucleic acid molecule containing data information, and 2) a carrier with addressable information, wherein the nucleic acid molecule can be bound to the carrier, and the data information contained in the nucleic acid molecule can be stored (also referred to as written), read in situ and / or edited in situ (including erasing and / or writing new data information) on the carrier.

[0009] In another aspect, the present application provides a method for data storage, comprising providing 1) the nucleic acid molecule containing data information, and 2) the carrier having addressable information.

[0010] On the other hand, the present application provides a method for reading data, which includes providing 1) the nucleic acid molecule containing data information, and 2) the carrier having addressable information.

[0011] On the other hand, the present application provides a method for data editing, which includes providing 1) the nucleic acid molecule containing data information, and 2) the carrier with addressable information, and replacing the data information in the nucleic acid molecule.

[0012] In certain embodiments, different physical locations of the vector have address sequences of different sequences.

[0013] In certain embodiments, the vector comprises a DNA origami substrate comprising a staple chain comprising an address sequence having addressable information.

[0014] In certain embodiments, in the carrier, the address sequences at the ends of the staple chains are arranged in a matrix. The matrix is ​​at least a 2×2 matrix. In certain embodiments, the spacing between two adjacent staple chains is approximately 6-24 nm. For example, the spacing between two adjacent staple chains is approximately 6 nm. For example, the spacing between two adjacent staple chains is approximately 12 nm. For example, the spacing between two adjacent staple chains is approximately 18 nm. For example, the spacing between two adjacent staple chains is approximately 24 nm.

[0015] In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecules are bound to the staple strands and arranged in a matrix. The matrix is ​​at least a 2×2 matrix. In certain embodiments, the distance between two adjacent nucleic acid molecules is about 6-24 nm. For example, the distance between two adjacent nucleic acid molecules is about 6 nm. For example, the distance between two adjacent nucleic acid molecules is about 12 nm. For example, the distance between two adjacent nucleic acid molecules is about 18 nm. For example, the distance between two adjacent nucleic acid molecules is about 24 nm.

[0016] In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises an address-complementary sequence that is complementary to the address sequence on the vector. Through the complementarity between the address-complementary sequence and the address sequence, the nucleic acid molecule is bound to a specific physical position on the vector.

[0017] In certain embodiments, the address-complementary sequence is about 15 or more nucleotides in length.

[0018] In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a data sequence, and the data information in the data sequence can be read while the nucleic acid molecule is substantially inseparable from the carrier, for example, by synthesizing a readable data chain through an activation reaction, thereby reading the data information in the data sequence.

[0019] In certain embodiments, the data sequence is about 1 or more nucleotides in length.The data sequence may be single-stranded.

[0020] In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a read-priming sequence, which can prime the data sequence to be synthesized or transcribed into a strand to be sequenced, and the strand to be sequenced is complementary to the data sequence.

[0021] In some embodiments, the read-initiating sequence includes a promoter. For example, the read-initiating sequence is a T7 promoter. The read-initiating sequence can cause the data sequence to be transcribed. By sequencing and decoding the transcription product, the data information contained in the data sequence can be read.

[0022] In certain embodiments, the system and / or method further comprises 3) a blocking chain, wherein the blocking chain can prevent the data information from being read. In this application, the blocking chain may also be referred to as a closed chain.

[0023] In certain embodiments, the blocking strand comprises a blocking sequence that is complementary to the read-initiating sequence, thereby preventing the data information from being read. In a specific embodiment, the blocking sequence comprises a promoter-complementary sequence that binds to the promoter serving as the read-initiating sequence, thereby preventing transcription from being initiated.

[0024] In some embodiments, the hindering strand comprises an hindering extension sequence, the hindering extension sequence is located upstream and / or downstream of the hindering sequence, and the hindering extension sequence is not substantially complementary to the nucleic acid molecule. In the present application, the hindering extension sequence may also be referred to as a dangling strand (teohold). The dangling strand can provide the energy driving force and specificity of the transcriptional activation reaction. In a specific embodiment, the hindering extension sequence has a length of about 4-10 nucleotides, for example, 6 nucleotides.

[0025] In the present application, for the data information at each address, in the storage state or when reading is not required, the blocking chain is complementary to the reading start sequence on the nucleic acid molecule, and transcription cannot be initiated.

[0026] In certain embodiments, the system and / or method further comprises 4) an activation chain. For example, when data reading and writing need to be performed, an activation chain can be added. The activation chain can prevent the obstruction chain from binding to the nucleic acid molecule, and the activation chain is complementary to the obstruction sequence and the obstruction extension sequence at the same time. The activation chain corresponds to a specific physical address. When the data information of a specific address needs to be read, the activation chain corresponding to the specific address can be added. The activation chain binds to the obstruction chain so that the obstruction chain is separated from the read start sequence of the nucleic acid molecule, thereby starting to read, for example, activating the transcription function of the address. In a specific embodiment, the activation chain corresponding to the specific address is added to activate the transcription function of the address. Under the action of T7 RNA polymerase, the data of the address is transcribed into an RNA chain, and the address that is not activated does not have transcription ability. Subsequent sequencing is performed by collecting the obtained RNA chain, and the nucleic acid sequence is decoded into data information, thereby realizing addressable data reading.

[0027] In certain embodiments, the data reading process can be performed at room temperature. At room temperature, the blocking strand bound to the nucleic acid molecule at a specific physical location can bind to the activating strand.

[0028] In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises an erasure function sequence, the erasure function sequence is located upstream and / or downstream of the address complementary sequence, and the erasure function sequence is substantially non-complementary to the address sequence on the carrier.

[0029] In some embodiments, the system and / or method further includes 5) an erase chain. For example, when data erasure is required, an erase chain can be added. The erase chain can prevent the nucleic acid molecule from binding to the carrier, and the erase chain can be complementary to the address complementary sequence and the erase function sequence at the same time. In some embodiments, the erase chain can be complementary to the erase function sequence of the nucleic acid molecule. The erase chain corresponds to a specific physical address. When the data information of a specific address needs to be erased, the erase chain corresponding to the specific address can be added, and then, for example, through a DNA chain substitution reaction, the data sequence of the address is combined, so that the data sequence is removed from the carrier, and the address is restored to an unwritten state.

[0030] In certain embodiments, the erasure process can be performed at room temperature. At room temperature, after the erasure strand is added, the nucleic acid molecule at a specific physical position can bind to the erasure strand, and the nucleic acid molecule is substantially not bound to the carrier.

[0031] In some embodiments, when the original data information is erased, that is, when the original data sequence is erased by the erasure chain, the address can be rewritten into a new data sequence, for example, by adding a new nucleic acid molecule containing the data information, thereby achieving in-situ modification and / or editing of data.

[0032] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the nucleic acid molecule to the address sequence in the vector is about 1:1 or greater. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the nucleic acid molecule to the address sequence in the vector is about 2:1 or greater. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the nucleic acid molecule to the address sequence in the vector is about 3:1 or greater. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the nucleic acid molecule to the address sequence in the vector is about 4:1 or greater. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the nucleic acid molecule to the address sequence in the vector is about 5:1 or greater.

[0033] In another aspect, the present application provides a nucleic acid molecule for use in the system and / or method, comprising the data sequence, address-complementary sequence, and / or read-priming sequence. In one embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule further comprises primers upstream and / or downstream of the data sequence for verifying the feasibility of erasing and reading. In other specific embodiments, the primer portion can be replaced with a data sequence containing data information to further increase storage capacity. Figure 2 shows an example of a nucleic acid molecule described herein.

[0034] In another aspect, the present application provides a vector in the system and / or method.

[0035] On the other hand, the present application provides a storage medium, wherein the medium contains the method of the present application.

[0036] On the other hand, the present application provides a device comprising the storage medium of the present application and a processor coupled to the storage medium, wherein the processor is configured to execute based on a program stored in the storage medium to implement the method of the present application.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the inventors of the present application constructed a 6nm DNA chip to achieve multiple in-situ erasure and / or multiple in-situ selective reading (WMRM). In a more specific embodiment, the addressability and programmability of DNA nanostructures are utilized to arrange the data sequences of the stored information on the DNA origami at a spacing of 6nm, and each data sequence is given a physical address with a spacing of 6nm. By designing an erase chain and utilizing the information processing and computing capabilities provided by the DNA chain displacement reaction, the DNA data sequence can be repeatedly erased and written on the origami, and any data can be modified. In addition, a promoter (e.g., T7 promoter) switch is set on the DNA chain as a read-start sequence. By designing an inhibitory chain and / or an activation chain, the transcriptional activity of the DNA chain is regulated by the DNA chain displacement reaction, and the DNA information is selectively transcribed, and RNA sequencing is performed (e.g., using Illumina technology) to achieve selective reading and multiple reading of the data information.

[0038] Compared to the prior art, the present application has at least the following features: Based on DNA assembly technology, it possesses nanoscale addressability, which is not available in current DNA storage systems. Utilizing this nanoscale addressability, the areal density of DNA storage can be increased to 1 bit / square nanometer, surpassing existing inorganic and DNA storage architectures. Based on the controllable dynamic assembly of DNA origami surfaces, a fully functional storage system is realized, including data reading, writing, and modification operations. The readout process utilizes an in situ transcription into RNA molecules and sequencing of the transcription products, without changing the original storage system, achieving non-destructive DNA data readout. For example, the method and data carrier of the present application can achieve multiple read-write and multiple readout effects. For example, after multiple reads, the structure of the data system of the present application remains substantially unchanged. For example, the address information of the data carrier of the present application has high accuracy and specificity, which can achieve a higher level of discrimination. For example, the method and data system of the present application can read data information under conditions ranging from room temperature to approximately 42 degrees Celsius.

[0039] Those skilled in the art can easily discern other aspects and advantages of the present application from the detailed description below. In the detailed description below, only exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown and described. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the content of this application enables those skilled in the art to modify the disclosed specific embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention to which this application relates. Accordingly, the descriptions in the drawings and specification of this application are merely exemplary and not restrictive. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] The specific features of the inventions of this application are set forth in the appended claims. The features and advantages of the inventions of this application can be better understood by referring to the exemplary embodiments described in detail below and the accompanying drawings. A brief description of the drawings is as follows:

[0041] Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary operational flow of the data storage medium of the present application. For example, the stored data can be used in all data formats, including but not limited to Chinese characters; the storage capacity can be infinitely expanded based on the length of the data sequence, including but not limited to 16 bits / site or 120 bits / site; and data can be read using sequencing technologies known in the art, including but not limited to high-throughput in situ sequencing, transcription-RNA sequencing, and transcription-reverse transcription-amplification-DNA sequencing.

[0042] Figure 2 shows the exemplary structural composition of the nucleic acid molecule of the present application, that is, the data chain, which contains the data sequence, wherein the design of primer 1 and primer 2 is only to more easily verify the feasibility of selective erasing and reading. This part can be replaced with actual storage information to further increase the storage capacity.

[0043] Figure 3 shows an exemplary process of selective reading and reversible erasure of the data storage medium of the present application. Transcription activation process: The key chain is the activation chain; when the nucleic acid molecule described in the present application is blocked by the barrier chain, transcription cannot be initiated. When the key chain is added, the barrier chain binds to the key chain instead and no longer binds to the promoter. After the complete T7 promoter is added, the RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and initiates transcription. Reversible erasure: When the erase chain (i.e., the erase chain) is added, the data chain binds to the erase chain and detaches from the carrier. After re-adding the data chain with the same address complementary sequence, the data chain is rewritten to the carrier.

[0044] Figure 4 shows the structural characterization results of the DNA origami surface after data was written. The top portion shows the address of the DNA origami surface where data was written. The bottom portion shows the AFM characterization results after data was written.

[0045] Figure 5 shows a heat map of PAGE data obtained by reading out the orthogonality of activation. Data can only be read efficiently when the activation chain matches the data chain.

[0046] Figure 6 shows the next-generation sequencing results after reading data from seven addresses. The sequence information obtained from sequencing at each address is completely consistent with the written information.

[0047] Figure 7 shows super-resolution fluorescence microscopy imaging of addressable data erase and write. The top portion shows the data point erase and write process, along with a schematic diagram of the corresponding data address. The bottom portion shows the fluorescence imaging structure characterization results for each step of the process.

[0048] FIG8 shows the fluorescence test results of the feasibility of iterative data modification.

[0049] FIG9 shows a single-point TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy) image of seven address data after 10 repetitive erasing and writing.

[0050] FIG10 shows TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy) imaging and co-localization statistics of seven address data after 10 repetitive erasures. The co-localization of red and green fluorescence indicates the presence of data on the origami.

[0051] FIG11 shows the qPCR quantification of the transcribed RNA during repeated reading of the data chain.

[0052] Figure 12 shows the data link writing results under four different matrix spacings.

[0053] Figure 13 shows the readout results of the data link under four different matrix spacings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following describes the implementation of the present invention through specific embodiments. People familiar with this technology can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0055] Definition of terms

[0056] In this application, the term "addressability" generally refers to associating specific information with a location on a storage medium. For example, in order to selectively access, read, and / or modify information at a specific location, the data carrier needs to be addressable. For example, when recording data information, the information carrier can simultaneously record substantially unique corresponding index information (addresses) corresponding to different data information. For example, the address information of specific data information is recorded in the form of the physical location, spatial location, etc. of the data carrier. For example, when the data carrier is addressable, the information desired to be accessed, read, and / or modified can be selectively accessed without having to access it one by one.

[0057] In this application, the terms "nucleic acid molecule," "nucleic acid sequence," and "nucleic acid fragment" are used interchangeably and generally refer to deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides of various lengths, or analogs thereof. Exemplary nucleotides include deoxyribonucleotides (DNA) or ribonucleotides (RNA), or non-standard nucleotides, nucleotide analogs, and / or modified nucleotides.

[0058] In this application, the term "carrier" generally refers to a substance capable of loading nucleic acid molecules. For example, the carrier may include a nucleic acid nanostructure, which may be a two-dimensional or three-dimensional nanostructure made of nucleic acid (e.g., DNA, RNA, locked nucleic acid (LNA), peptide nucleic acid (PNA) or any combination thereof). For example, a single-stranded nucleic acid or a double-stranded nucleic acid (e.g., having only a helical structure) may not be considered a "nanostructure." In some embodiments, the nucleic acid nanostructure serves as a scaffold for forming more complex structures such as molecular complexes. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid nanostructure is a DNA origami structure assembled using a DNA origami method. For example, a nucleic acid origami nanostructure may refer to a nucleic acid nanostructure formed by assembling two or more "staple chains" with one or more "scaffold" chains into a specified shape. A staple chain is typically a short (e.g., 50 nucleotides or shorter) nucleic acid chain (single-stranded nucleic acid); a scaffold chain is typically a longer (e.g., longer than 200 nucleotides) nucleic acid chain (single-stranded nucleic acid). The nucleic acid origami nanostructure may be a DNA origami nanostructure.

[0059] DNA origami nanostructures can be folded (e.g., by self-assembly) into discrete and unique geometric patterns, such as two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) shapes, which can further self-assemble to create larger nanostructures or microstructures comprising two or more discrete origami nanostructures. In some embodiments, the scaffold chain has a sequence derived from M13 bacteriophage. Other scaffold chains can be used. In some embodiments, the staple chain is a fluorophore-labeled staple chain. In some embodiments, the length of the staple chain is 4 to 30 nucleotides (e.g., 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 nucleotides). In some embodiments, for example, at room temperature, the staple chain is stably combined with the scaffold chain (longer than 10 seconds). In some embodiments, for example, at room temperature, the staple chain is stably combined with the scaffold chain (longer than one week). In some embodiments, the staple strand is greater than 30 nucleotides in length.

[0060] In this application, the term "in situ" generally refers to an operation performed at the original location. For example, in situ reading refers to the reading of data by the nucleic acid molecule recording the data at the original location of the carrier, without the need to release the nucleic acid molecule into a solution before reading the data. The term "amplification" generally refers to the production of copies of nucleic acid molecules through repeated cycles of enzymatic synthesis initiated by the enzyme. The reading step of the present application may include a polymerization step, which includes but is not limited to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcription into RNA, etc., and for example, also includes any other nucleic acid amplification and / or transcription techniques known to those skilled in the art.

[0061] As used herein, the terms "complementary" or "complementarity" generally refer to the ability of a nucleic acid to form hydrogen bonds with another nucleic acid sequence, either by traditional Watson-Crick or other non-traditional methods. For example, the sequence AGT is complementary to the sequence TCA. The complementarity percentage indicates the percentage of residues in a nucleic acid molecule that can form hydrogen bonds (e.g., Watson-Crick base pairing) with a second nucleic acid sequence (e.g., 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 out of 10 are 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% complementarity, respectively). For example, "completely complementary" means that all consecutive residues of a nucleic acid sequence will hydrogen bond with the same number of consecutive residues in a second nucleic acid sequence. For example, "substantially complementary" refers to a degree of complementarity between two nucleic acids that hybridize under stringent conditions (i.e., stringent hybridization conditions) of at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% over a region of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 or more nucleotides, or to a degree of complementarity between two nucleic acids that hybridize under stringent conditions (i.e., stringent hybridization conditions). For example, "binds" generally refers to a species that uniquely binds to a particular species, e.g., in a sequence-specific manner.

[0062] In this application, the term "comprising" generally means including the features specifically stated, but not excluding other elements.

[0063] In this application, the term "about" generally refers to a variation within a range of 0.5%-10% above or below the specified value, for example, a variation within a range of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, or 10% above or below the specified value.

[0064] Detailed Description of the Invention

[0065] On the one hand, the present application provides a nucleic acid molecule, which can be bound to a carrier with addressable information, and the data information that the nucleic acid molecule can contain can be randomly read and erased in situ on the carrier. For example, the nucleic acid molecule provided by the present application can be used as a data chain, which can be bound to a specific position of the carrier based on the principle of base complementarity, and combined with dynamic DNA assembly technology, it can realize programmable binding and separation of storage addresses and data. For example, when the data information is read, the original storage system does not need to be changed, thereby realizing non-destructive data reading. For example, when reading the data information recorded in the nucleic acid molecule, the nucleic acid molecule does not need to be released from the carrier first, thereby realizing in situ random reading of the required read information.

[0066] For example, the address sequences at different physical locations on the carrier have different sequences, and the nucleic acid molecule may include an address complementary sequence, and the address complementary sequence is complementary to the address sequence on the carrier. For example, the address complementary sequence may be an address recognition sequence, and the address complementary sequence may recognize and specifically bind to the address sequence on the carrier. For example, address information can be recorded by address sequences at different physical locations on the carrier. For example, the carrier may have two or more coordinate points. For example, different coordinate points represent different physical locations. For example, a specific coordinate point can be located by the end of a staple chain at a specific position in a DNA origami. For example, different coordinate points extend out address sequences having unique sequence compositions. For example, the address sequence of the present application may have a linear single chain or a branched chain structure. For example, the address sequence at a specific physical location has a unique sequence and can be used to record index information. When an address complementary sequence having a substantially unique complement (the address complementary sequence is included by a specific data chain) is bound to the address sequence, the data information can be bound to the address information. In some embodiments, for example, at room temperature, the data chain and the address chain are stably bound (for example, for longer than 10 seconds). In some embodiments, for example, at low temperatures (about 4 degrees Celsius), the data chain and the address chain are stably bound (e.g., for longer than 10 seconds). In some embodiments, for example, when stored as a dry powder on a plate that is antibacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-high-temperature resistant, the data chain and the address chain are stably bound (e.g., for longer than 10 seconds).

[0067] For example, the length of the address complementary sequence is about 15 or more nucleotides. For example, the address complementary sequence of the present application can be a linear single strand or a branched chain structure. For example, the length of the address complementary sequence can be about 10 or more, about 11 or more, about 12 or more, about 13 or more, about 14 or more, about 15 or more, about 16 or more, about 17 or more, about 18 or more, about 19 or more, about 20 or more, about 25 or more, about 30 or more, about 40 or more, about 50 or more, or about 100 or more nucleotides. For example, the nucleotides can include natural nucleotides and / or have artificially modified nucleotides, such as, but not limited to, methyl modified, amino modified, fluoro modified, etc.

[0068] For example, the nucleic acid molecule may also include an erasable functional sequence, the erasable functional sequence being located upstream and / or downstream of the address complementary sequence, and the erasable functional sequence being substantially non-complementary to the address sequence on the carrier. For example, the erasable functional sequence may also be referred to as an erasable functional region. For example, the erasable functional sequence is located upstream and / or downstream of the address complementary sequence. For example, the sequence composed of the erasable functional sequence and the address complementary sequence may not be completely complementary to the address sequence on the carrier. For example, an exemplary address complementary sequence may be 20 nucleotides, the erasable functional sequence may be 10 nucleotides, and the address sequence on the carrier may only be complementary to the 20 nucleotides of the address complementary sequence, but may not be completely complementary to the erasable functional sequence and the address complementary sequence to form 30 nucleotides. For example, a chain with higher binding ability (e.g., the erasable chain of the present application) may be introduced so that the nucleic acid sequence of the data chain can be removed (erased) from a specific position of the carrier.

[0069] For example, when the erase strand is present, the nucleic acid molecule can be free from binding to the carrier, and the erase strand is complementary to both the address strand and the erase function sequence. For example, at room temperature, the nucleic acid molecule (data strand) of the present application can have a stronger binding ability to the erase strand. For example, compared to binding to the address sequence on the carrier, the data strand can have more and / or stronger binding bases to the erase strand.

[0070] For example, in order to achieve addressable erasure and writing, the address complementary sequence of the nucleic acid molecule (data chain), the address sequence corresponding to the specific position of the carrier, and the sequence of the specific corresponding erasure chain can have a unique complementary matching mode by designing a sequence of a specific base order. For example, the address sequence of the specific position of the carrier is uniquely complementary to the address complementary sequence of the specific nucleic acid molecule (data chain) to achieve addressable writing. For example, the address complementary sequence of the specific nucleic acid molecule (data chain) bound to the specific position of the carrier is uniquely complementary to the sequence of the specific corresponding erasure chain to achieve addressable erasure.

[0071] For example, the nucleic acid molecule may include a data sequence, and in a state where the nucleic acid molecule is not substantially separated from the carrier, the data information in the data sequence can be read. For example, the nucleic acid molecule (data chain) can realize the reading of data information in the stored original position. For example, the reading method includes but is not limited to in situ sequencing, in situ transcription into other nucleic acid molecules for reading information, in situ reading into other nucleic acid molecules for reading information, etc. For example, in the present application, the information stored in the nucleic acid molecule (data chain) is derived and can be considered as reading. For example, sequencing of other nucleic acid molecules derived (e.g., transcribed / amplified) can be considered as a subsequent optional additional reading step.

[0072] For example, the length of the data sequence is about 1 or more nucleotides. For example, the data sequence of the present application can be the structure of a linear single strand or a branched chain. For example, the length of the data sequence can be about 1 or more, about 2 or more, about 3 or more, about 4 or more, about 5 or more, about 6 or more, about 7 or more, about 8 or more, about 9 or more, about 10 or more, about 15 or more, about 20 or more, about 30 or more, about 40 or more, about 50 or more, about 100 or more, about 120 or more, about 150 or more, about 200 or more, about 500 or more, about 700 or more, or about 1000 or more. For example, the storage mode of the present application can have compatibility for a data sequence of any length.

[0073] For example, the nucleic acid molecule may include a read initiation sequence, and the read initiation sequence can trigger the data sequence to be read as a strand to be sequenced, and the strand to be sequenced is complementary to the data sequence. For example, the nucleic acid molecule may include a read initiation sequence, and the read initiation sequence can trigger the data sequence to be read. For example, the read initiation sequence of the present application can be a promoter, such as but not limited to a T7 promoter. For example, the storage method of the present application can be compatible with read initiation sequences of any length and type, and the specific sequence of the read initiation sequence can be used for the binding of polymerases known in the art and polymerization initiation.

[0074] For example, the nucleic acid molecule (data chain) of the present application may have a function of selective reading. For example, the selective reading can be achieved by introducing an obstruction chain, the obstruction sequence of the obstruction chain being complementary to the read trigger sequence. For example, when the obstruction chain exists, the data sequence can not be read, and the obstruction chain may include an obstruction sequence, and the obstruction sequence of the obstruction chain is partially or completely complementary to the read trigger sequence. For example, the obstruction sequence of the obstruction chain is complementary to the read trigger sequence and an interval of about 5 nucleotides in length upstream / downstream of the read trigger sequence. For example, the obstruction sequence is 22 nucleotides in length, of which 17 nucleotides are complementary to the read trigger sequence, and the other 5 nucleotides are complementary to an interval of about 5 nucleotides in length upstream / downstream of the read trigger sequence. For example, compared to the binding of the T7 promoter to the data chain, the binding ability of the obstruction chain to the data chain is higher. For example, the obstruction chain of the present application can be combined with the read trigger sequence, the data chain or any position that can hinder the export of the information stored in the nucleic acid molecule (data chain) of the nucleic acid molecule (data chain).

[0075] For example, the blocking chain may further comprise a blocking extension sequence, the blocking extension sequence being located upstream and / or downstream of the blocking sequence, and the blocking extension sequence being substantially non-complementary to the nucleic acid molecule. For example, the blocking chain comprises a blocking sequence and a blocking extension sequence, and when the blocking chain binds to the nucleic acid molecule (data chain), the blocking extension sequence substantially does not bind to the nucleic acid molecule (data chain), for example forming an overhanging structure. For example, the blocking extension sequence may be approximately 8 nucleotides in length. For example, the blocking extension sequence may serve as a lever, by increasing the binding ability of the activation chain to the blocking chain, so that the activation chain removes the blocking chain from the data chain.

[0076] For example, when the activation strand is present, the blocking strand can not bind to the nucleic acid molecule, and the activation strand is complementary to both the blocking sequence and the blocking extension sequence. For example, during the annealing process, the activation strand of the present application can have a stronger binding ability to the blocking strand. For example, compared to the sequence on the nucleic acid molecule (data strand) that binds to the blocking strand, the activation strand can have more and / or stronger binding bases to the blocking strand.

[0077] For example, in order to achieve addressable reading, the sequence used for closed reading, the obstruction sequence of the specific corresponding obstruction chain, and the sequence of the specific corresponding activation chain of the nucleic acid molecule (data chain) can have a unique complementary matching mode by designing a sequence of a specific base order. For example, the sequence used for closed reading of the nucleic acid molecule (data chain) is uniquely complementary to the obstruction sequence of the specific corresponding obstruction chain, to achieve addressable locked reading. For example, the sequence of the specific corresponding activation chain is uniquely complementary to the sequence of the obstruction sequence of the specific corresponding obstruction chain, to achieve addressable unlocked (activated) reading. For example, when a specific nucleic acid molecule (data chain) is in a locked read state, the data sequence of the specific nucleic acid molecule (data chain) can be substantially not read, transcribed and / or amplified. For example, when a specific nucleic acid molecule (data chain) is in an unlocked (activated) read state, the data sequence of the specific nucleic acid molecule (data chain) can be read, transcribed and / or amplified.

[0078] For example, the carrier may comprise a DNA origami substrate, and the staple strands of the DNA origami may comprise an address sequence having addressable information. For example, the carrier may have two or more coordinate points. For example, different coordinate points represent different physical locations. For example, a specific coordinate point may be located by the end of a staple strand at a specific location in the DNA origami. For example, different coordinate points extend an address sequence having a unique sequence. For example, the address sequence at a specific physical location can be used to record index information because it has a unique sequence, and when a substantially uniquely complementary address complementary sequence (which is comprised by a specific data strand) is combined with the address sequence, the data information can be combined with the address information. For example, the spacing between two or more staple strands is about 6 nanometers or greater. For example, the spacing between adjacent staple strands is about 6 nanometers or greater, about 7 nanometers or greater, about 8 nanometers or greater, about 9 nanometers or greater, about 10 nanometers or greater, about 15 nanometers or greater, about 20 nanometers or greater, about 25 nanometers or greater, or about 30 nanometers or greater.

[0079] The present application provides a system, which may include the nucleic acid molecule of the present application and a vector. For example, the system may also include the erasure strand of the present application, the blocking strand of the present application and / or the activation strand of the present application.

[0080] The present application provides a method for data storage, which may include providing a nucleic acid molecule and / or a system of the present application. A method for data editing and / or data reading, which may include replacing data information stored in a nucleic acid molecule of the present application. A method for data reading, which may include determining data information stored in a nucleic acid molecule of the present application.

[0081] For example, the method can further comprise providing a carrier, the carrier can comprise a DNA origami substrate, the staple chain of the DNA origami can comprise an address sequence having addressable information, and the method can comprise providing the nucleic acid molecule and the address sequence in a molar ratio of about 2:1 or higher. For example, the method can comprise providing the nucleic acid molecule and the address sequence in a molar ratio of about 2:1 or higher, about 2.1:1 or higher, about 2.2:1 or higher, about 2.3:1 or higher, about 2.4:1 or higher, about 2.5:1 or higher, about 3:1 or higher, about 4:1 or higher, about 5:1 or higher, about 10:1 or higher, about 20:1 or higher, about 50:1 or higher, or about 100:1 or higher. For example, selecting an appropriate molar ratio can improve the storage success rate of the data chain. For example, selecting an appropriate molar ratio can improve the storage cost-effectiveness of the data chain.

[0082] For example, the method may further comprise providing the erasure strand of the present application, wherein the nucleic acid molecule at a specific physical location is bound to the erasure strand at room temperature, and the nucleic acid molecule is substantially not bound to the carrier. The terms "room temperature" and "ambient temperature" generally refer to a temperature between about 16 degrees Celsius and about 40 degrees Celsius. For example, a temperature between about 16 degrees Celsius and about 25 degrees Celsius. For example, about 25 degrees Celsius.

[0083] For example, the method may further include providing an obstruction strand of the present application, wherein the obstruction strand binds to the nucleic acid molecule, and the data information of the nucleic acid molecule is substantially unable to be read. For example, the method may further include providing an activation strand of the present application, wherein during the heating and cooling process, the obstruction strand to which the nucleic acid molecule at a specific physical position is bound binds to the activation strand, and the obstruction strand is substantially not bound to the nucleic acid molecule. For example, the heating and cooling process of the present application includes a process for annealing nucleic acids. For example, the process of separating the partial double strands of the nucleic acid molecule of the present application (e.g., heating) and then restoring it to a partial double stranded structure (e.g., cooling) can be a nucleic acid annealing process. For example, the process of heating at approximately 95 degrees for approximately 3 minutes and then cooling to room temperature at a rate of approximately 1.2 degrees per minute can be a nucleic acid annealing process.

[0084] On the other hand, the present application provides a storage medium recording a program capable of executing the method of the present application.

[0085] On the other hand, the present application provides a device that can include the storage medium of the present application. On the other hand, the present application provides a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which is executed by a processor to implement any one or more methods described in the present application. For example, the non-volatile computer-readable storage medium can include a floppy disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, a solid-state storage (SSS) (such as a solid-state drive (SSD)), a solid-state card (SSC), a solid-state module (SSM)), an enterprise-level flash drive, a magnetic tape or any other non-temporary magnetic medium, etc. The non-volatile computer-readable storage medium can also include a punch card, a paper tape, a cursor sheet (or any other physical medium with a hole pattern or other optically recognizable mark), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a rewritable optical disc (CD-RW), a digital versatile disc (DVD), a Blu-ray disc (BD) and / or any other non-temporary optical medium.

[0086] For example, the device of the present application may also include a processor coupled to the storage medium, the processor being configured to execute based on the program stored in the storage medium to implement the method of the present application. For example, the device may implement various mechanisms to ensure that the method described in the present application executed on the database system produces correct results. In the present application, the device may use a disk as a permanent data storage device. In the present application, the device may provide database storage and processing services for multiple database clients. The device may store database data across multiple shared storage devices and / or may utilize one or more execution platforms with multiple execution nodes. The device may be organized so that storage and computing resources can be effectively and infinitely expanded.

[0087] This application provides the following implementation methods:

[0088] Preparation of a nano-addressable fully functional DNA storage system, comprising the following steps:

[0089] (1) Design and assembly of a nano-addressable DNA platform. The address of the DNA origami surface is represented by a DNA sequence. A sequence screening algorithm is used to design an orthogonal sequence library with a length of, for example, 15 to 18 bases, or longer, to ensure that the data chain can be stored at a specific address in a stable hybridization manner. Using a single-layer rectangular DNA origami as a template, the address sequence is extended from the corresponding site on the origami surface by designing its staple chain. The staple chain combination with the address design is mixed with the backbone chain and assembled by annealing to form an addressable blank DNA storage platform.

[0090] The DNA origami assembly process can refer to the DNA origami assembly technology known in the art, such as Rothemund, PWK Folding DNA to Create Nanoscale Shapes and Patterns. Nature 2006, 440(7082), 297–302.

[0091] An exemplary overall storage process can be shown in FIG1 , an exemplary data link (the nucleic acid molecule described herein) structure can be shown in FIG2 , and selective reading and reversible erasing of data can be shown in FIG3

[0092] (2) Encoding the data corresponding to the address. The data to be written is divided into segments that match the capacity of a single address, and the T7 promoter sequence and the address sequence are added to form a data chain sequence to be written, thereby synthesizing a data chain. Methods for synthesizing nucleic acid chains are well known in the art, for example, by chemical synthesis of data chains.

[0093] A data operation system for an addressable DNA storage system, the system may include:

[0094] (1) Data writing (or storage) step, which may include using the principle of DNA complementary pairing to add a data strand containing a data sequence to bind it at a specific address.

[0095] (2) Data erasing step, which may include adding an erasing operation DNA strand (also called Erase strand, i.e., erasing strand) at a specific address, and through DNA strand displacement reaction, binding the data sequence at that place to restore the address to the state before being written.

[0096] (3) Data modification (or editing) step, which may be achieved by first erasing the original data and then writing new data.

[0097] (4) Data reading (or retrieval) step, which may include adding an activation strand (also called Input strand) corresponding to a specific address to activate the transcription function of that address. Under the action of T7 RNA polymerase, the data at that address is transcribed into an RNA strand, and the addresses not activated do not have the transcription ability. By collecting the obtained RNA strands for subsequent sequencing, addressable data reading can be achieved.

[0098] Without being limited by any theory, the embodiments hereinafter are only for explaining the products, preparation methods, uses, etc. of the present application, and are not used to limit the scope of the invention of the present application.

[0099] Embodiment

[0100] Embodiment 1 Preparation of a Nano-Addressable All-Functional DNA Storage System

[0101] The design process of the nano-addressable DNA platform is as follows:

[0102] (1) The DNA origami scaffold strand uses M13mp18 single strand, and a staple strand combination is obtained according to the target template shape (two-dimensional rectangular structure). An exemplary way can be, optionally, to mark the correspondence between the staple strand and the address number according to the shape information of the seven-segment addressing structure. Randomly generate and screen out seven orthogonal address sequences with a length of 20 bases each, and extend the staple strand sequences corresponding to addresses 1-7 respectively. The extended sequences are the designed address sequences, so as to obtain the staple strand combination for assembling the addressable DNA platform. As shown in Figure 1, the information that can be stored in the 7 data strands corresponding to addresses 1-7 is the seven Chinese characters "When heaven and earth change, all things become connected".

[0103] (2) The switchable data chain adopts a double-stranded structure with partial complementary pairing. A single Chinese character is converted into a binary code and then encoded into a 10-base sequence using a cyclic coding algorithm. The complete data chain is connected by the address complementary sequence, the erase function area, the T7 promoter sequence, and the data sequence (including a pair of primers) (Figure 2). The closed chain contains the 17 bases of the T7 promoter and the complementary sequence of the downstream 5 bases, as well as an 8-base hanging sequence corresponding to the address (called toehold). The data chain and the closed chain form a double-stranded structure through partial complementary pairing of 22 bases.

[0104] Based on the above design, the structure of the nano-addressable platform is assembled. The assembly process is as follows:

[0105] (1) M13 single chain and addressable staple chain mixed in 1×TAE-Mg 2+ In the solution, the final concentrations of backbone chain were 10 nM and staple chain were 50 nM.

[0106] (2) Annealing and assembly were performed in a PCR instrument. The annealing program was as follows: 95°C for 3 minutes, then cooled to 25°C at a rate of 1°C per minute, and finally maintained at 4°C.

[0107] (3) The resulting assembly product is purified using PEG precipitation to obtain a pure assembly structure of approximately 20 nM as a substrate for information storage. For visualization purposes only, the obtained DNA structure can be characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM).

[0108] (4) Data link and corresponding closed link in 1×TAE-Mg 2+ The mixture was mixed in a solution to a final concentration of 10 μM, annealed and hybridized in a PCR instrument, and the hybridization products were characterized by 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).

[0109] Example 2 Data Operation Method for Nano-Addressable Full-Function DNA Storage System

[0110] Writing and reading data:

[0111] (1) 100nM 1-7 data chains were added to 10nM DNA origami, and hybridized at room temperature for 1 hour to perform fully addressable information writing. At this time, the origami surface showed an "8" shape, consisting of 7*7 (49 in total) 1-7 data chains. The data writing success rate was characterized by AFM. Partial combinations of 1-7 data chains were added to form a "0-9" shape on the origami surface. For example, the number "1" consists of two data chains, the number "2" consists of five data chains, the number "3" consists of five data chains, and so on. The robustness of the data writing of the platform was visually verified by AFM morphology characterization. The results show (Figure 4) that the data chains at the target writing position can be visually verified in the AFM characterization results.

[0112] (2) Add the activation chains of data 1-7 to the solutions of data 1-7, respectively, and react at room temperature for 1 hour. Then add the complete T7 promoter chain and react at room temperature for 1 hour. Add the T7 transcription mixture and react in a 42°C water bath for 1 hour. PAGE characterizes the feasibility of transcription after activation and the orthogonality of addressable readout. The results obtained by PAGE data statistics of the orthogonality of activation readout (Figure 5) show that data can only be exported when the sequence of the activation chain matches that of the data chain.

[0113] (3) The RNA molecules obtained by transcription are reverse transcribed using a reverse transcription kit to obtain the corresponding DNA chains, and the obtained DNA chains are quantified using fluorescent quantitative PCR to confirm the derived data.

[0114] (4) The exported data was sequenced using a second-generation sequencer, and the sequencing results were decoded. The results of second-generation sequencing of the sequences after the data of the seven addresses were read showed that the sequence information obtained by sequencing at each address was completely consistent with the written information (Figure 6).

[0115] Addressable erasure and modification of data:

[0116] (1) After data chains 1-7 are completely written, erase chains 5 and 6 that are complementary to data chains 5 and 6 are added and incubated at room temperature for 1 hour to erase the corresponding data. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is used to characterize that the target data chains 5 and 6 have been erased, resulting in the number "3". Further erase chains 1, 4, and 7 that are complementary to data chains 1, 4, and 7 are added for reaction and characterization. The target data chains 1, 4, and 7 are erased, resulting in the number "1". This process can be seen in Figure 7, where the number "8" transforms into the number "3" and then the number "1".

[0117] (2) Add data link 1, incubate at room temperature for 1 hour, and rewrite data at address 1 to obtain the result of adding data link 1, showing the number "7". The results of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy imaging show that during the addressable data erasing process, the fluorescence imaging structure characterization results of each step of the process correspond to the target erase and write positions. This process can be seen in Figure 7, the process of transforming the number "1" to the number "7".

[0118] (3) Take address 1 as an example to test the ability to repeatedly modify. Fix the DNA origami on the surface of the magnetic beads. The two data (two data chains) to be written to address 1 are fluorescently labeled with Alexa488 and Cy5 respectively. Add the data chain labeled with Alexa488, use a fluorescence spectrophotometer to test the concentration of the data chain remaining in the supernatant after writing, perform an erase operation, and test the erase efficiency. Write the Cy5-labeled data chain, test the write efficiency, perform an erase operation, and test the erase efficiency. The specific experiment is: first write 647 data, at this time the first write efficiency of 488 data is basically 0, then erase 647 data, at this time the erase efficiency of 488 data is basically 0; next write 488 data, at this time the write efficiency is about 54%, then erase 488 data, at this time the erase efficiency of 488 data is about 110%. Repeat this cycle. Repeat more than 5 times to measure the addressable repeated write and erase ability of the system. The results show that after repeated erasing and writing, the fluorescence test results can correspond to the expected erasing and writing results, indicating that repeated data modification is feasible (Figure 8). The upper vertical axis of Figure 8 represents the erasing efficiency of 488 data, the lower axis represents the writing efficiency of 488 data, and the horizontal axis represents the number of erasures or writes.

[0119] Multiple erasures of data:

[0120] The 20pM biotin-linked origami assembled in Example 1 was fixed to a glass slide using the PEG-biotin-Avidin method. After washing, 1μM Cy5-labeled data strand 1 was added, incubated for 30 minutes, and then washed. Fluorescence detection was performed under TIRF. 1μM erasure strand 1 was then added, incubated for 1 hour, washed with buffer, and fluorescence imaging was performed again. The erase process was repeated 10 times, and the fluorescence changes were recorded using TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy). Figure 9 is a single-point TIRF image of seven address data after 10 repeated erases. Figure 9 shows that for a single fluorescent point, the 10 erases are very stable. Figure 10 is a TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy) image and colocalization statistics of the seven address data after 10 repeated erases. The colocalization of red and green fluorescence represents the presence of data on the origami. Figure 10 shows that after 10 erases, the colocalization ratio stabilizes at approximately 85% after writing and at approximately 10% after erasing.

[0121] Multiple reading of data:

[0122] The data chain was assembled on the origami, and after activation by adding the activation chain, 2 nM origami was adsorbed on the mica sheet and 1×TAE Mg was used. 2+ After cleaning, the transcription system was added to the mica, and the mica was placed in a 42°C oven for incubation for 2 hours. The liquid on the mica was collected and stored. The above transcription process was repeated 11 times, and the RNA transcribed each time was collected. Finally, the RNA transcribed 11 times was quantified by reverse transcription-PCR. Figure 11 is a qPCR quantitative graph of repeated readings of the data chain. The results show that the storage medium of the present application can be read repeatedly at least 10 times.

[0123] Example 3 Reading and detection of origami platforms based on different matrix spacing

[0124] DNA origami was designed with different matrix spacings, including 6nm, 12nm, 18nm, and 24nm. Data chains were arranged on the DNA origami at varying spacings, and each chain was assigned a physical address with varying spacings. The writing and reading of data chains at different matrix spacings were tested using the method of Example 2. The results, as shown in Figures 12 and 13, show no significant difference in the write and read efficiency of data chains when the matrix spacings are 6nm, 12nm, 18nm, and 24nm.

[0125] The foregoing detailed description is provided by way of explanation and example and is not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims. Various changes to the embodiments listed in the present application are obvious to those skilled in the art and are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A system comprising 1) a nucleic acid molecule containing data information, and 2) a carrier with addressable information, wherein the nucleic acid molecule can be bound to the carrier, and the data information contained in the nucleic acid molecule can be read in situ on the carrier.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein different physical locations of the carrier have different address sequences.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the carrier comprises a DNA origami substrate comprising a staple chain comprising an address sequence having addressable information.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein in the carrier, the address sequences of the staple chains are arranged in a matrix form.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the distance between two adjacent staple chains is 6-24 nm.

6. The system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises an address-complementary sequence that is complementary to the address sequence on the vector.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the address-complementary sequence is about 15 or more nucleotides in length.

8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises a data sequence, and the data information in the data sequence can be read while the nucleic acid molecule is substantially not separated from the carrier.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the data sequence is about 1 or more nucleotides in length.

10. The system of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises a read priming sequence, wherein the read priming sequence is capable of priming the data sequence to be synthesized into a strand to be sequenced, and the strand to be sequenced is complementary to the data sequence.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the read-initiating sequence comprises a promoter.

12. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising 3) a blocking chain, wherein the blocking chain is capable of preventing the data information from being read. 13 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the blocking strand comprises a blocking sequence, wherein the blocking sequence is complementary to the read-initiating sequence, thereby preventing the data information from being read.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the blocking strand comprises a blocking extension sequence, the blocking extension sequence is located upstream and / or downstream of the blocking sequence, and the blocking extension sequence is substantially non-complementary to the nucleic acid molecule.

15. The system according to any one of claims 12 to 14, further comprising 4) an activation strand, wherein the activation strand is capable of preventing the blocking strand from binding to the nucleic acid molecule, and the activation strand is complementary to both the blocking sequence and the blocking extension sequence.

16. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises an erasure function sequence, the erasure function sequence is located upstream and / or downstream of the address complementary sequence, and the erasure function sequence is substantially non-complementary to the address sequence on the carrier.

17. The system of claim 16, further comprising 5) an erase chain, wherein the erase chain can prevent the nucleic acid molecule from binding to the carrier, and the erase chain can be complementary to the address complementary sequence and the erase function sequence at the same time.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the erasure strand is capable of replacing the carrier and binding to the nucleic acid molecule.

19. The system of claim 17, wherein the molar ratio of the nucleic acid molecule to the address sequence in the vector is 2:1 or higher.

20. The nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 1-19.

21. The vector of any one of claims 1-19.

22. A method of data storage, the method comprising providing the system according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

23. A method for data editing, comprising replacing data information in a nucleic acid molecule in the system of any one of claims 1-19.

24. The method of claim 23, comprising providing the erasure strand, wherein the nucleic acid molecule at a specific physical position is bound to the erasure strand at room temperature, and the nucleic acid molecule is substantially not bound to the carrier.

25. A method for data reading, the method comprising determining data information in a nucleic acid molecule in the system of any one of claims 1-19.

26. The method of claim 25, further comprising providing the activation strand, wherein the blocking strand to which the nucleic acid molecule at a specific physical position is bound binds to the activation strand at room temperature, and the blocking strand is substantially not bound to the nucleic acid molecule.

27. A storage medium comprising the method of any one of claims 22-26.

28. A device comprising the storage medium of claim 27, and a processor coupled to the storage medium, the processor being configured to execute a program stored in the storage medium to implement the method of any one of claims 22 to 26.

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