Cultivation method for lodging resistance and stable yield of wheat

Abstract

The invention discloses a lodging-resistant and stable-yield cultivation method for wheat, which comprises the steps of land optimization, wheat screening, lodging-resistant wheat cultivation, wheat sowing, primary topdressing and secondary topdressing. According to the lodging-resistant and stable-yield cultivation method for the wheat, lodging-causing stress selection pressure can be continuously applied in the wheat breeding process, high lodging resistance of bred wheat materials or varieties is ensured, the lodging-resistant breeding efficiency of the wheat is improved, a feasible new method is provided for lodging-resistant breeding, loss caused by natural factors is reduced, and the yield of the wheat is increased. The stable lodging-resistant characteristic helps to maintain high yield, especially under the non-ideal environmental condition, the improved wheat variety can show higher yield stability under different climate and soil conditions, the variety with high disease and pest resistance can be bred in the breeding process, dependence on pesticides is reduced, and the breeding cost is reduced. The method not only helps to reduce chemical residues, but also helps to protect the environment and sustainable agricultural development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wheat lodging resistance and stable yield, in particular to a cultivation method for wheat lodging resistance and stable yield. Background Art

[0002] Wheat is the main food crop in my country, and its yield is related to the food security of the country and even the world. The continuous growth of the national population and the continuous reduction of cultivated land have put forward higher requirements for wheat production. Achieving high and stable wheat yields is the eternal goal of wheat production. Increasing the planting density and increasing the number of ears are one of the important cultivation measures to increase the yield per unit area of ​​wheat. However, with the increase of planting density, the biomass is too large, the group structure deteriorates, and the stem quality deteriorates, which is not conducive to the construction of a reasonable group, increases the risk of lodging in the later stage, and poses a threat to the high and stable yield of wheat.

[0003] Invention patent content

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for wheat that is resistant to lodging and has stable yield, so as to solve the problem raised in the above background technology that as the planting density increases, the biomass is too large, the group structure deteriorates, the stem quality deteriorates, which is not conducive to building a reasonable group, increases the risk of lodging in the later stage, and poses a threat to the high and stable yield of wheat.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for cultivating wheat with resistance to lodging and stable yield, comprising land optimization, wheat screening, cultivation of lodging-resistant wheat, wheat sowing, first topdressing, preparation of topdressing raw materials, and second topdressing; characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Land optimization. On the basis of the normal nitrogen application and planting density of local wheat production, the nitrogen application level will be increased by 40%, the density will be increased by 30%, and the biological yield at the heading stage will be increased by 20%. The fertilization method is: 20% base fertilizer and 30% jointing fertilizer. The base fertilizer is mixed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at a ratio of 1:0.2:0.4 to ensure normal plant growth.

[0007] Step 2: Wheat screening: First, determine the target characteristics that need to be improved, such as lodging resistance, pest and disease resistance, drought tolerance, etc., analyze the genetic background of potential parents, select those varieties that show excellent characteristics or have the potential to contribute to specific traits, and evaluate the performance of parents through field trials and laboratory analysis to ensure that they have good genetic stability and the required characteristics;

[0008] Step 3: Breeding lodging-resistant wheat: artificially control the hybridization between parents in the field or greenhouse, collect seeds and cultivate the F1 generation, and then continue to cultivate subsequent generations to stabilize the traits. Conduct field trials on the selected offspring to evaluate their performance under actual planting conditions. Record the test data in detail, conduct statistical and genetic analysis to confirm the genetic stability and expressiveness of the traits, cultivate the selected varieties for multiple generations to ensure the stable inheritance of the traits, analyze the genetic diversity of the varieties, and ensure that the genetic diversity is not reduced during the breeding process. Testing under different environmental conditions: test the performance of new varieties under different climates, soil types and management conditions, evaluate the stability and adaptability of the selected traits under different environmental conditions, and complete all necessary variety identification tests to ensure the uniqueness and superiority of the varieties.

[0009] Step 4: Wheat sowing, planting wheat at a planting density of 200,000-300,000-400,000 plants / mu;

[0010] Step 5: First topdressing: During the wheat jointing period, apply a base fertilizer to the soil at the root of the wheat. The amount of topdressing fertilizer is 50-70kg / mu;

[0011] Step 6: Preparation of raw materials for topdressing and fermentation of corn stalks;

[0012] Step 7: Apply fertilizer again. During the wheat filling period, spray the wheat with foliar fertilizer at a rate of 10-20 kg / mu.

[0013] Preferably, the lodging-resistant wheat breeding material is stabilized by adding generations, and other traits are selected in a targeted manner according to the breeding objectives, so that conventional lodging-resistant varieties can be bred.

[0014] Preferably, in the preparation of the raw material for topdressing, corn stalks are first crushed to obtain corn stalk powder.

[0015] Preferably, the topdressing raw material is prepared, and then the Acanthus affine leaves are crushed to obtain Acanthus affine crushed material.

[0016] Preferably, the topdressing raw material is prepared by mixing corn stalk powder, humus soil and Atractylodes macrocephala crushed materials in a mass ratio of 8:2:3, adjusting the humidity to 60%, inoculating Bacillus subtilis, and placing the mixture in an environment of 30°C for fermentation for 48 hours.

[0017] Preferably, the topdressing raw material is prepared by crushing the leaves of Achyranthes bidentata to obtain Achyranthes bidentata crushed material, mixing the Achyranthes bidentata crushed material with ethanol solution in a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3, stirring at a speed of 1300 r / min for 20 min, and then filtering to obtain a filtrate, repeatedly mixing the filter residue with the ethanol solution for extraction twice, combining the filtrate, and then performing rotary evaporation to obtain the Achyranthes bidentata ethanol extract.

[0018] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is made of the following ingredients by weight: 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1 part of urea, 0.1-0.3 parts of ethanol extract of Aglaonema-cotina, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 parts of borax, 2 parts of calcium chloride, and 30 parts of water.

[0019] Preferably, the row spacing between the wheat is 20 cm, the sowing depth is 5 cm, and the topdressing fertilizer is made of the following ingredients by weight: 5-8 parts of urea, 6-7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-1.3 parts of magnesium polyaspartate, 4-4.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, and 2-4 parts of sugarcane stalk fermentation product, and the mixed weight ratio of urea, magnesium polyaspartate, and ammonium molybdate is 7:3:1.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the selection pressure of lodging stress can be continuously applied in the process of wheat breeding to ensure the strong lodging resistance of the bred wheat materials or varieties, the efficiency of wheat lodging resistance breeding is improved, a practical new method is provided for lodging resistance breeding, the versatility of super rice varieties in production can be greatly improved, the lodging resistance of the bred varieties can be identified, and the lodging resistance of wheat can be significantly enhanced by selecting and improving specific genetic characteristics. Wheat with strong lodging resistance can better resist severe weather such as strong winds and heavy rains, and reduce losses caused by natural factors. The stable lodging resistance characteristic helps to maintain a higher yield, especially under non-ideal environmental conditions. The improved wheat varieties can show higher yield stability under different climate and soil conditions. Varieties with strong disease and pest resistance can be bred simultaneously during the breeding process to reduce dependence on pesticides, which not only helps to reduce chemical residues, but also is beneficial to environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of the wheat lodging-resistant and stable-yield cultivation method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a cultivation method for wheat with resistance to lodging and stable yield, including land optimization, wheat screening, cultivation of lodging-resistant wheat, wheat sowing, first topdressing, preparation of topdressing raw materials, and second topdressing: characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: Land optimization. On the basis of the normal nitrogen application and planting density of local wheat production, the nitrogen application level will be increased by 40%, the density will be increased by 30%, and the biological yield at the heading stage will be increased by 20%. The fertilization method is: 20% base fertilizer and 30% jointing fertilizer. The base fertilizer is mixed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at a ratio of 1:0.2:0.4 to ensure normal plant growth.

[0025] Step 2: Wheat screening: First, determine the target characteristics that need to be improved, such as lodging resistance, pest and disease resistance, drought tolerance, etc., analyze the genetic background of potential parents, select those varieties that show excellent characteristics or have the potential to contribute to specific traits, and evaluate the performance of parents through field trials and laboratory analysis to ensure that they have good genetic stability and the required characteristics;

[0026] Step 3: Breeding lodging-resistant wheat: artificially control the hybridization between parents in the field or greenhouse, collect seeds and cultivate the F1 generation, and then continue to cultivate subsequent generations to stabilize the traits. Conduct field trials on the selected offspring to evaluate their performance under actual planting conditions. Record the test data in detail, conduct statistical and genetic analysis to confirm the genetic stability and expressiveness of the traits, cultivate the selected varieties for multiple generations to ensure the stable inheritance of the traits, analyze the genetic diversity of the varieties, and ensure that the genetic diversity is not reduced during the breeding process. Testing under different environmental conditions: test the performance of new varieties under different climates, soil types and management conditions, evaluate the stability and adaptability of the selected traits under different environmental conditions, and complete all necessary variety identification tests to ensure the uniqueness and superiority of the varieties.

[0027] Step 4: Wheat sowing: Plant wheat at a planting density of 1 million to 1.2 million plants per mu;

[0028] The wheat planting density is 200,000-400,000, and it is impossible to reach 1 million.

[0029] Step 5: First topdressing: During the wheat jointing period, topdressing should be carried out in the soil around the wheat roots. The amount of topdressing fertilizer should be 400-470kg / mu.

[0030] Step 6: Preparation of raw materials for topdressing and fermentation of sugarcane stalks;

[0031] Step 7: Apply fertilizer again. During the wheat filling period, spray the wheat with foliar fertilizer at a rate of 110-130 kg / mu.

[0032] Preferably, the lodging-resistant wheat breeding materials are stabilized by additional generations, and other traits are selectively selected according to the breeding objectives, so that conventional varieties with lodging resistance can be bred; the strains with retention ability are backcrossed with sterile cytoplasm to breed lodging-resistant sterile lines; the strains with restoration ability are stabilized by additional generations to breed lodging-resistant restorer lines; hybrid combinations are prepared using lodging-resistant sterile lines and restorer lines, and other traits are selected according to the breeding objectives to breed lodging-resistant hybrid combinations.

[0033] There is no three-line hybridization in wheat

[0034] The preparation of the raw material for topdressing comprises the following steps: firstly, crushing the corn stalks to obtain corn stalk powder, and then crushing the Atractylodes lancea leaves to obtain Atractylodes lancea crushed material, and then mixing the corn stalk powder, humus soil and Atractylodes lancea crushed material in a mass ratio of 8:2:3, and then adjusting the humidity to 60%, and then inoculating Bacillus subtilis, and placing the mixture in an environment of 30°C for fermentation for 48 hours to obtain the obtained material.

[0035] The raw material for topdressing is to grind the leaves of Acanthus tangutica to obtain Acanthus tangutica crushed material, mix the Acanthus tangutica crushed material with ethanol solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, stir at a speed of 1300r / min for 20min, and then filter to obtain a filtrate, repeatedly mix the filter residue with the ethanol solution for extraction twice, combine the filtrate, and then perform rotary evaporation and drying to obtain Acanthus tangutica alcohol extract. The foliar fertilizer is made of the following ingredients by weight: 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 6 parts of urea, 0. 1-0.3 parts, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 parts of borax, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 30 parts of water, the row spacing between wheat is 20 cm, the sowing depth is 5 cm, and the topdressing fertilizer is made of the following ingredients by weight: 5-8 parts of urea, 6-7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-1.3 parts of magnesium polyaspartate, 4-4.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2-4 parts of sugarcane stalk fermentation product, and the mixed weight ratio of urea, magnesium polyaspartate and ammonium molybdate is 7:3:1.

[0036] By changing the wheat sowing method, wheat is planted at a planting density of 1 million to 1.2 million plants per mu, resulting in too close spacing between rows of wheat, causing poor grip of the wheat and poor growth effects, and reducing the wheat's lodging resistance and yield stability.

[0037] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a cultivation method for wheat with resistance to lodging and stable yield, including land optimization, wheat screening, cultivation of lodging-resistant wheat, wheat sowing, first topdressing, preparation of topdressing raw materials, and second topdressing: characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Land optimization. On the basis of the normal nitrogen application and planting density of local wheat production, the nitrogen application level will be increased by 40%, the density will be increased by 30%, and the biological yield at the heading stage will be increased by 20%. The fertilization method is: 20% base fertilizer and 30% jointing fertilizer. The base fertilizer is mixed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at a ratio of 1:0.2:0.4 to ensure normal plant growth.

[0039] Step 2: Wheat screening: First, determine the target characteristics that need to be improved, such as lodging resistance, pest and disease resistance, drought tolerance, etc., analyze the genetic background of potential parents, select those varieties that show excellent characteristics or have the potential to contribute to specific traits, and evaluate the performance of parents through field trials and laboratory analysis to ensure that they have good genetic stability and the required characteristics;

[0040] Step 3: Breeding lodging-resistant wheat: artificially control the hybridization between parents in the field or greenhouse, collect seeds and cultivate the F1 generation, and then continue to cultivate subsequent generations to stabilize the traits. Conduct field trials on the selected offspring to evaluate their performance under actual planting conditions. Record the test data in detail, conduct statistical and genetic analysis to confirm the genetic stability and expressiveness of the traits, cultivate the selected varieties for multiple generations to ensure the stable inheritance of the traits, analyze the genetic diversity of the varieties, and ensure that the genetic diversity is not reduced during the breeding process. Testing under different environmental conditions: test the performance of new varieties under different climates, soil types and management conditions, evaluate the stability and adaptability of the selected traits under different environmental conditions, and complete all necessary variety identification tests to ensure the uniqueness and superiority of the varieties.

[0041] Step 4: Wheat sowing, planting wheat at a planting density of 200,000-300,000-400,000 plants / mu;

[0042] Step 5: First topdressing: During the wheat jointing period, apply a base fertilizer to the soil at the root of the wheat. The amount of topdressing fertilizer is 50-70kg / mu;

[0043] Step 6: Preparation of raw materials for topdressing and fermentation of sugarcane stalks;

[0044] Step 7: Apply fertilizer again. During the wheat filling period, spray the wheat with foliar fertilizer at a rate of 10-20 kg / mu.

[0045] Preferably, the lodging-resistant wheat breeding material is stabilized by generations, and other traits are selectively selected according to the breeding objectives, so that conventional lodging-resistant varieties can be bred; and the lodging-resistant sterile lines can be bred by backcrossing the strains with retention capacity with the sterile cytoplasm.

[0046] Preferably, in the production of raw materials for topdressing in the south, corn stalks are first crushed to obtain corn stalk powder.

[0047] Preferably, the raw material for topdressing is prepared in the south, and then the leaves of Akebia trifoliata are crushed to obtain Akebia trifoliata crushed material.

[0048] Preferably, the raw materials for topdressing in the south are prepared, and corn stalk powder, humus soil and crushed Atractylodes macrocephala are mixed together in a mass ratio of 8:2:3, and then the humidity is adjusted to 60%, and then Bacillus subtilis is inoculated and placed in an environment of 30°C for fermentation for 48 hours.

[0049] Preferably, the topdressing raw material is prepared by crushing the leaves of Achyranthes bidentata to obtain Achyranthes bidentata crushed material, mixing the Achyranthes bidentata crushed material with ethanol solution in a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3, stirring at a speed of 1300 r / min for 20 min, and then filtering to obtain a filtrate, repeatedly mixing the filter residue with the ethanol solution for extraction twice, combining the filtrate, and then performing rotary evaporation to obtain the Achyranthes bidentata ethanol extract.

[0050] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is made of the following ingredients by weight: 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1 part of urea, 0.1-0.3 parts of ethanol extract of Aglaonema-cotina, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 parts of borax, 2 parts of calcium chloride, and 30 parts of water.

[0051] Preferably, the row spacing between the wheat is 20 cm, the sowing depth is 5 cm, and the topdressing fertilizer is made of the following ingredients by weight: 5-8 parts of urea, 6-7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-1.3 parts of magnesium polyaspartate, 4-4.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, and 2-4 parts of sugarcane stalk fermentation product, and the mixed weight ratio of urea, magnesium polyaspartate, and ammonium molybdate is 7:3:1.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solution of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field do not deviate from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating wheat with stable yield and resistance to lodging, comprising land optimization, wheat screening, cultivation of lodging-resistant wheat, wheat sowing, first topdressing, preparation of topdressing raw materials, and second topdressing: characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Land optimization. On the basis of the normal nitrogen application and planting density of local wheat production, the nitrogen application level will be increased by 40%, the density will be increased by 30%, and the biological yield at the heading stage will be increased by 20%. The fertilization method is: 20% base fertilizer and 30% jointing fertilizer. The base fertilizer is mixed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at a ratio of 1:0.2:0.4 to ensure normal plant growth. Step 2: Wheat screening: First, determine the target characteristics that need to be improved, such as lodging resistance, pest and disease resistance, drought tolerance, etc., analyze the genetic background of potential parents, select those varieties that show excellent characteristics or have the potential to contribute to specific traits, and evaluate the performance of parents through field trials and laboratory analysis to ensure that they have good genetic stability and the required characteristics; Step 3: Breeding lodging-resistant wheat: artificially control the hybridization between parents in the field or greenhouse, collect seeds and cultivate the F1 generation, and then continue to cultivate subsequent generations to stabilize the traits. Conduct field trials on the selected offspring to evaluate their performance under actual planting conditions. Record the test data in detail, conduct statistical and genetic analysis to confirm the genetic stability and expressiveness of the traits, cultivate the selected varieties for multiple generations to ensure the stable inheritance of the traits, analyze the genetic diversity of the varieties, and ensure that the genetic diversity is not reduced during the breeding process. Testing under different environmental conditions: test the performance of new varieties under different climates, soil types and management conditions, evaluate the stability and adaptability of the selected traits under different environmental conditions, and complete all necessary variety identification tests to ensure the uniqueness and superiority of the varieties. Step 4: Wheat sowing, planting wheat at a planting density of 200,000-300,000-400,000 plants / mu; Step 5: First topdressing: During the wheat jointing period, apply a base fertilizer to the soil at the root of the wheat. The amount of topdressing fertilizer is 50-70kg / mu; Step 6: Preparation of raw materials for topdressing and fermentation of corn stalks; Step 7: Apply fertilizer again. During the wheat filling period, spray the wheat with foliar fertilizer at a rate of 10-20 kg / mu.

2. A cultivation method for wheat lodging resistance and stable yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: By stabilizing the lodging-resistant wheat breeding materials for generations and conducting targeted selection for other traits based on breeding objectives, conventional lodging-resistant varieties can be bred.

3. A cultivation method for wheat lodging resistance and stable yield according to claim 2, characterized in that: To prepare the raw material for topdressing, the corn stalks are first crushed to obtain corn stalk powder.

4. A cultivation method for wheat lodging resistance and stable yield according to claim 3, characterized in that: The raw materials for topdressing are prepared in the south, and then the corn stalks and leaves of the Atractylodes lancea are crushed to obtain the Atractylodes lancea corn stalk fragments.

5. A cultivation method for wheat lodging resistance and stable yield according to claim 4, characterized in that: The raw materials for top dressing are prepared by mixing corn stalk powder, humus soil and corn stalk fragments in a mass ratio of 8:2:3, adjusting the humidity to 60%, inoculating Bacillus subtilis, and placing the mixture in an environment of 30°C for fermentation for 48 hours.

6. A cultivation method for wheat lodging resistance and stable yield according to claim 5, characterized in that: For the preparation of raw materials for top dressing, the leaves of Ganoderma lucidum and corn stalks are crushed to obtain Ganoderma lucidum corn stalk fragments, the Ganoderma lucidum corn stalk fragments are mixed with ethanol solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3, stirred at a speed of 1300r / min for 20min, and then filtered to obtain the filtrate, the filter residue is repeatedly mixed and extracted with the ethanol solution for 2 times, the filtrate is combined, and then rotary evaporated and dried to obtain the Ganoderma lucidum alcohol extract.

7. A cultivation method for wheat lodging resistance and stable yield according to claim 6, characterized in that: The foliar fertilizer is made of the following ingredients by weight: 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1 part of urea, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 parts of borax, 2 parts of calcium chloride, and 30 parts of water.

8. A cultivation method for wheat lodging resistance and stable yield according to claim 7, characterized in that: The row spacing between wheat is 20 cm, the sowing depth is 5 cm, and the topdressing fertilizer is made of the following ingredients by weight: 5-8 parts of urea, 6-7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-1.3 parts of magnesium polyaspartate, 4-4.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, and 2-4 parts of sugarcane stalk fermentation product. The mixed weight ratio of urea, magnesium polyaspartate, and ammonium molybdate is 7:3:1.

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