Sorghum cultivation method

Abstract

A sorghum cultivation method comprises the steps that firstly, the ridge spacing is set, the interval between every two adjacent ridges ranges from 40 cm to 60 cm, and the plant spacing is set and ranges from 20 cm to 30 cm; step 2, ploughing before sowing: carrying out first rough ploughing before sowing, and carrying out second fine ploughing in the sowing process; step 3, sowing: sowing according to the set plant spacing; and step 4, watering after sowing, and irrigating after sowing until the earth surface is completely wet. The row spacing and the ridge spacing are designed according to the local annual rainfall and the soil acidity and alkalinity, meanwhile, a two-time ploughing mode is adopted, soil breaking is conducted through first-time ploughing, hardened large-block soil is smashed, soil refining can be achieved through second-time ploughing, and the yield of the soil is increased. Therefore, the occurrence of soil hardening in the whole growth period of the sorghum can be reduced to the greatest extent, and the problem that the yield of the sorghum is affected due to surface hardening when the sorghum is planted in marginal land is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field related to grain planting, and more specifically, particularly relates to a sorghum cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Marginal land refers to land with low agricultural production capacity and economic benefits and fragile ecology due to strong soil barrier factors, water and heat resource constraints or terrain conditions. In my country, the total area of ​​marginal land is about 1.17 billion mu, of which about 850 million mu is undeveloped arable land reserve resources and 320 million mu is existing low-grade arable land.

[0003] Marginal land has poor natural conditions and it is difficult for general crops to grow. At present, sorghum is the main crop planted on marginal land in my country. Sorghum can not only grow on marginal land due to its strong stress resistance, but also produce certain benefits. For example, if sorghum is planted on the same piece of sandy wasteland (a type of marginal land), the height of the sorghum plant can reach 2 meters and the biomass per mu can reach 3-5 tons. However, if corn (a traditional crop) is planted, the height of the corn plant cannot reach 1 meter and its biomass is only 1-2 tons.

[0004] The soil quality of marginal land is poor and is prone to compaction. If there is rain after sorghum is sown and watered, or before sorghum seedlings emerge, the compaction of the ground will seriously affect the emergence of sorghum and the later production of sorghum. In severe cases, it will cause the yield to be halved. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues

[0006] In summary, how to solve the problem of sorghum yield being affected by ground compaction when planted on marginal land has become an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] The present invention provides a sorghum cultivation method for planting sorghum on marginal land, characterized in that: In the present invention, the sorghum cultivation method comprises:

[0009] Step 1: Set the ridge spacing, the interval between two adjacent ridges is 40cm-60cm, and set the plant spacing, the plant spacing range is 20cm-30cm;

[0010] Step 2: ploughing the land before sowing. The first rough plowing is performed before sowing, and the second fine plowing is performed during the sowing process. The first rough plowing is used to turn out the soil 15cm-30cm below the surface, and the second fine plowing is used to break up and refine the turned-out soil;

[0011] Step 3: Sowing seeds according to the set plant spacing, with a sowing rate of 1kg-2kg per mu and a sowing depth of 3cm-6cm;

[0012] Step 4: Water after sowing. Irrigate after sowing until the surface is completely moist.

[0013] Preferably, in the sorghum cultivation method provided by the present invention:

[0014] In step 1, the ridge spacing and plant spacing are set according to the rainfall:

[0015] a. When the local average annual rainfall is 100mm-200mm, the ridge spacing is 55cm-60cm and the plant spacing is 27cm-30cm;

[0016] b. When the local average annual rainfall is 200mm-400mm, the ridge spacing is 50cm-55cm and the plant spacing is 25cm-27cm;

[0017] c. When the local average annual rainfall is greater than 400 mm, the ridge spacing is 40 cm-50 cm and the plant spacing is 20 cm-25 cm.

[0018] Preferably, in the sorghum cultivation method provided by the present invention:

[0019] In step 1, the ridge spacing and plant spacing are set according to the soil pH:

[0020] a1. When the local average annual rainfall is 100mm-200mm and the soil pH is 7.0-8.0, the ridge spacing is 55cm-57cm and the plant spacing is 27cm-28cm;

[0021] a2. When the local average annual rainfall is 100mm-200mm and the soil pH is 8.0-9.0, the ridge spacing is 57cm-58cm and the plant spacing is 28cm-29cm;

[0022] a3. When the local average annual rainfall is 100mm-200mm and the soil pH is 9.0-9.5, the ridge spacing is 58cm-60cm and the plant spacing is 29cm-30cm;

[0023] b1. When the local average annual rainfall is 200mm-400mm and the soil pH is 7.0-8.0, the ridge spacing is 50cm-52cm and the plant spacing is 25cm-26cm;

[0024] b2. When the local average annual rainfall is 200mm-400mm and the soil pH is 8.0-9.0, the ridge spacing is 52cm-54cm and the plant spacing is 26cm-27cm;

[0025] b3. When the local average annual rainfall is 200mm-400mm and the soil pH is 9.0-9.5, the ridge spacing is 54cm-55cm and the plant spacing is 26cm-27cm;

[0026] c1. When the local average annual rainfall is greater than 400 mm and the soil pH is 7.0-8.0, the ridge spacing is 40 cm-45 cm and the plant spacing is 20 cm-22 cm;

[0027] c2. When the local average annual rainfall is greater than 400 mm and the soil pH is 8.0-9.0, the ridge spacing is 45 cm-50 cm and the plant spacing is 22 cm-24 cm;

[0028] c3. When the local average annual rainfall is greater than 400 mm and the soil pH is 9.0-9.5, the ridge spacing is 45 cm-50 cm and the plant spacing is 24 cm-25 cm.

[0029] Preferably, in the sorghum cultivation method provided by the present invention:

[0030] In the step 2, the plowing width of the first coarse plowing is 20cm-30cm, and the plowing width of the second fine plowing is not more than 20cm.

[0031] Preferably, in the sorghum cultivation method provided by the present invention:

[0032] In the step 2, the plowing depth is set according to the soil pH: when the soil pH is 7.0-8.0, the plowing depth is 15cm-20cm; when the soil pH is 8.0-9.0, the plowing depth is 20cm-25cm; when the soil pH is 9.0-9.5, the plowing depth is 25cm-30cm.

[0033] Preferably, in the sorghum cultivation method provided by the present invention:

[0034] In the step three, when sowing, first apply base fertilizer, then cover the base fertilizer with soil for the first time, then sow, and cover the soil for the second time after sowing; the base fertilizer is slow-release fertilizer or farmyard manure.

[0035] Preferably, in the sorghum cultivation method provided by the present invention:

[0036] The number of seeds sown per hole is 3-6.

[0037] Preferably, in the sorghum cultivation method provided by the present invention:

[0038] In step 4, drip irrigation is carried out at a distance of 4-8 cm on one side of each ridge.

[0039] Preferably, in the sorghum cultivation method provided by the present invention:

[0040] The method further comprises step 5 of covering the land with a film, wherein the width of the film is not less than the width of the land plowed by the first rough plowing and covers the drip irrigation pipe for drip irrigation.

[0041] Preferably, in the sorghum cultivation method provided by the present invention:

[0042] In the step 4, surface fertilizer is applied before drip irrigation, and the surface fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer.

[0043] (III) Beneficial effects

[0044] As can be seen from the above, the present invention provides a sorghum cultivation method for realizing the planting of sorghum on marginal land. In the present invention, the sorghum cultivation method comprises: step one, setting the ridge spacing, the interval between two adjacent ridges is 40cm-60cm, setting the plant spacing, the plant spacing range is 20cm-30cm; step two, plowing before sowing, performing the first rough plowing before sowing, and performing the second fine plowing during the sowing process, the first rough plowing is used to turn out the soil 15cm-30cm below the surface, and the second fine plowing is used to break up and refine the turned-out soil; step three, sowing, sowing according to the set plant spacing, the sowing amount is 1kg-2kg per mu, and the sowing depth is 3cm-6cm; step four, watering after sowing, irrigating after sowing until the surface is completely moistened. Through the design of each step in the above method, especially the design of step one and step two, the present invention designs the plant spacing and ridge spacing according to the local annual rainfall and soil pH, and adopts a secondary plowing method. The first plowing is to break the soil and break up the compacted large pieces of soil, and the second plowing can achieve soil refinement, which can minimize the occurrence of soil compaction during the entire growth cycle of sorghum. In this way, the present invention solves the problem of sorghum yield being affected by surface compaction when planted on marginal land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a sorghum cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a sorghum cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] The present invention provides a sorghum cultivation method for realizing the planting of sorghum on marginal land. Sorghum planting is greatly affected by local rainfall and soil pH (that is, it is greatly affected by natural factors), and is less affected by irrigation water and soil fertility (that is, it is less affected by human factors). Therefore, the sorghum cultivation method provided by the present invention is mainly to optimize and improve the sowing method according to local rainfall and soil pH.

[0049] In the present invention, the sorghum cultivation method comprises the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Set the ridge spacing.

[0051] That is, the present invention sets the ridge spacing and plant spacing according to the local rainfall and soil pH. Generally, the interval between two adjacent ridges is 40cm-60cm (the interval between two adjacent ridges), and the plant spacing (the distance between two adjacent sowing holes on the same ridge, or the distance between adjacent plants after the sorghum grows under ideal conditions) is set in the range of 20cm-30cm.

[0052] In step 1, the ridge spacing and plant spacing are set according to the rainfall:

[0053] a. When the local average annual rainfall is 100mm-200mm, the ridge spacing is 55cm-60cm and the plant spacing is 27cm-30cm;

[0054] b. When the local average annual rainfall is 200mm-400mm, the ridge spacing is 50cm-55cm and the plant spacing is 25cm-27cm;

[0055] c. When the local average annual rainfall is greater than 400 mm, the ridge spacing is 40 cm-50 cm and the plant spacing is 20 cm-25 cm.

[0056] Specifically, in step 1, the ridge spacing and plant spacing are set according to the soil pH:

[0057] a1. When the local average annual rainfall is 100mm-200mm and the soil pH is 7.0-8.0, the ridge spacing is 55cm-57cm and the plant spacing is 27cm-28cm;

[0058] a2. When the local average annual rainfall is 100mm-200mm and the soil pH is 8.0-9.0, the ridge spacing is 57cm-58cm and the plant spacing is 28cm-29cm;

[0059] a3. When the local average annual rainfall is 100mm-200mm and the soil pH is 9.0-9.5, the ridge spacing is 58cm-60cm and the plant spacing is 29cm-30cm;

[0060] b1. When the local average annual rainfall is 200mm-400mm and the soil pH is 7.0-8.0, the ridge spacing is 50cm-52cm and the plant spacing is 25cm-26cm;

[0061] b2. When the local average annual rainfall is 200mm-400mm and the soil pH is 8.0-9.0, the ridge spacing is 52cm-54cm and the plant spacing is 26cm-27cm;

[0062] b3. When the local average annual rainfall is 200mm-400mm and the soil pH is 9.0-9.5, the ridge spacing is 54cm-55cm and the plant spacing is 26cm-27cm;

[0063] c1. When the local average annual rainfall is greater than 400 mm and the soil pH is 7.0-8.0, the ridge spacing is 40 cm-45 cm and the plant spacing is 20 cm-22 cm;

[0064] c2. When the local average annual rainfall is greater than 400 mm and the soil pH is 8.0-9.0, the ridge spacing is 45 cm-50 cm and the plant spacing is 22 cm-24 cm;

[0065] c3. When the local average annual rainfall is greater than 400 mm and the soil pH is 9.0-9.5, the ridge spacing is 45 cm-50 cm and the plant spacing is 24 cm-25 cm.

[0066] The relationship between the plant spacing and ridge spacing in the present invention and the local rainfall and soil pH is as follows:

[0067]

[0068] Step 2: Plow the land before sowing.

[0069] The present invention is mainly aimed at planting sorghum on marginal land. The marginal land is alkaline and the surface is prone to compaction. This surface compaction not only has a great impact on sowing, but also has a great impact on the germination and growth of sorghum seeds in the later stage. Therefore, it is particularly important to plow the surface before sowing, especially the land area where sowing is required.

[0070] In the present invention, a double ploughing method is adopted for ploughing before sowing, wherein the first coarse ploughing is performed before sowing and the second fine ploughing is performed during the sowing process. The first coarse ploughing is used to turn out the soil 15cm-30cm below the surface, and the second fine ploughing is used to break up and refine the turned-out soil.

[0071] Specifically, in step 2, the plowing width of the first rough plowing is 20cm-30cm, and the plowing width of the second fine plowing is not more than 20cm. Furthermore, in step 2, the plowing depth is set according to the soil pH: when the soil pH is 7.0-8.0, the plowing depth is 15cm-20cm; when the soil pH is 8.0-9.0, the plowing depth is 20cm-25cm; when the soil pH is 9.0-9.5, the plowing depth is 25cm-30cm. The greater the soil alkalinity, the deeper the plowing depth, so as to ensure that neither rain nor irrigation water will cause soil compaction in the sowing area in the later stage.

[0072] If local conditions permit, you can add one fine plowing operation, that is, carry out two fine plowing operations, which can further refine the soil and reduce the problem of soil compaction.

[0073] Step 3: Sow seeds.

[0074] Sowing is carried out according to the set plant spacing, the sowing amount is 1kg-2kg per mu, and the sowing depth is 3cm-6cm. Specifically, holes are made according to the plant spacing, and then sowing is carried out in the holes, and the number of seeds sown in each hole is 3-6, and finally covered with soil. Specifically, in the step three, when sowing, base fertilizer is first applied, and then soil is covered on the base fertilizer for the first time, and then sowing is carried out, and soil is covered for the second time after sowing. Among them, the base fertilizer is slow-release fertilizer or farmyard manure, and farmyard manure is the best choice.

[0075] Step 4: Water after sowing.

[0076] After sowing, irrigate until the ground is completely moist.

[0077] For watering after sowing, the specific operation mode of the present invention is as follows: in step 4, drip irrigation is performed at a distance of 4-8 cm on one side of each ridge. Furthermore, in step 4, surface fertilizer is applied before drip irrigation, and the surface fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer. When the drip irrigation scheme is selected, it is necessary to lay pipes in advance, which can save irrigation water and prevent the surface fertilizer from being washed away by water).

[0078] Step five: laminating.

[0079] The width of the film shall not be less than the width of the plowed field during the first rough plowing and shall cover the drip irrigation pipe used for drip irrigation.

[0080] In the above method, the present invention mainly sets the ridge spacing and plant spacing for sowing, optimizes the plowing, and adopts the secondary plowing method, which can minimize the soil compaction. During the entire period from sorghum sowing to harvesting: the irrigation of sorghum must be timely irrigated according to local climatic conditions and the stage of plant development. No irrigation is required in the seedling stage. After jointing, water should be poured 3-4 times according to the precipitation and plant growth. If aphids and other pests occur, use cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos or matrine pesticides for prevention and control, and use cypermethrin and cypermethrin for prevention and control of borers.

[0081] As can be seen from the above, the present invention provides a sorghum cultivation method for realizing the planting of sorghum on marginal land. In the present invention, the sorghum cultivation method comprises: step one, setting the ridge spacing, the interval between two adjacent ridges is 40cm-60cm, setting the plant spacing, the plant spacing range is 20cm-30cm; step two, plowing before sowing, performing the first rough plowing before sowing, and performing the second fine plowing during the sowing process, the first rough plowing is used to turn out the soil 15cm-30cm below the surface, and the second fine plowing is used to break up and refine the turned-out soil; step three, sowing, sowing according to the set plant spacing, the sowing amount is 1kg-2kg per mu, and the sowing depth is 3cm-6cm; step four, watering after sowing, irrigating after sowing until the surface is completely moistened. Through the design of each step in the above method, especially the design of step one and step two, the present invention designs the plant spacing and ridge spacing according to the local annual rainfall and soil pH, and adopts a secondary plowing method. The first plowing is to break the soil and break up the compacted large pieces of soil, and the second plowing can achieve soil refinement, which can minimize the occurrence of soil compaction during the entire growth cycle of sorghum. In this way, the present invention solves the problem of sorghum yield being affected by surface compaction when planted on marginal land.

[0082] It is known from common technical knowledge that the present invention can be implemented by other embodiments that do not deviate from its spirit or essential features. Therefore, the above disclosed embodiments are only illustrative in all respects and are not exclusive. All changes within the scope of the present invention or within the scope equivalent to the present invention are included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A sorghum cultivation method for planting sorghum on marginal land, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Set the ridge spacing, the interval between two adjacent ridges is 40cm-60cm, and set the plant spacing, the plant spacing range is 20cm-30cm; Step 2: ploughing the land before sowing. The first rough plowing is performed before sowing, and the second fine plowing is performed during the sowing process. The first rough plowing is used to turn out the soil 15cm-30cm below the surface, and the second fine plowing is used to break up and refine the turned-out soil; Step 3: Sowing seeds according to the set plant spacing, with a sowing rate of 1kg-2kg per mu and a sowing depth of 3cm-6cm; Step 4: Water after sowing. Irrigate after sowing until the surface is completely moist.

2. The sorghum cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the ridge spacing and plant spacing are set according to the rainfall: a. When the local average annual rainfall is 100mm-200mm, the ridge spacing is 55cm-60cm and the plant spacing is 27cm-30cm; b. When the local average annual rainfall is 200mm-400mm, the ridge spacing is 50cm-55cm and the plant spacing is 25cm-27cm; c. When the local average annual rainfall is greater than 400 mm, the ridge spacing is 40 cm-50 cm and the plant spacing is 20 cm-25 cm.

3. The sorghum cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the ridge spacing and plant spacing are set according to the soil pH: a1. When the local average annual rainfall is 100mm-200mm and the soil pH is 7.0-8.0, the ridge spacing is 55cm-57cm and the plant spacing is 27cm-28cm; a2. When the local average annual rainfall is 100mm-200mm and the soil pH is 8.0-9.0, the ridge spacing is 57cm-58cm and the plant spacing is 28cm-29cm; a3. When the local average annual rainfall is 100mm-200mm and the soil pH is 9.0-9.5, the ridge spacing is 58cm-60cm and the plant spacing is 29cm-30cm; b1. When the local average annual rainfall is 200mm-400mm and the soil pH is 7.0-8.0, the ridge spacing is 50cm-52cm and the plant spacing is 25cm-26cm; b2. When the local average annual rainfall is 200mm-400mm and the soil pH is 8.0-9.0, the ridge spacing is 52cm-54cm and the plant spacing is 26cm-27cm; b3. When the local average annual rainfall is 200mm-400mm and the soil pH is 9.0-9.5, the ridge spacing is 54cm-55cm and the plant spacing is 26cm-27cm; c1. When the local average annual rainfall is greater than 400 mm and the soil pH is 7.0-8.0, the ridge spacing is 40 cm-45 cm and the plant spacing is 20 cm-22 cm; c2. When the local average annual rainfall is greater than 400 mm and the soil pH is 8.0-9.0, the ridge spacing is 45 cm-50 cm and the plant spacing is 22 cm-24 cm; c3. When the local average annual rainfall is greater than 400 mm and the soil pH is 9.0-9.5, the ridge spacing is 45 cm-50 cm and the plant spacing is 24 cm-25 cm.

4. The sorghum cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the plowing width of the first coarse plowing is 20cm-30cm, and the plowing width of the second fine plowing is not more than 20cm.

5. The sorghum cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 2, the plowing depth is set according to the soil pH: when the soil pH is 7.0-8.0, the plowing depth is 15cm-20cm; when the soil pH is 8.0-9.0, the plowing depth is 20cm-25cm; when the soil pH is 9.0-9.5, the plowing depth is 25cm-30cm.

6. The sorghum cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3, when sowing, first apply base fertilizer, then cover the base fertilizer with soil for the first time, then sow, and cover the soil for the second time after sowing; The base fertilizer is slow-release fertilizer or farmyard manure.

7. The sorghum cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of seeds sown per hole is 3-6.

8. The sorghum cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, drip irrigation is carried out at a distance of 4-8 cm on one side of each ridge.

9. The sorghum cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method further comprises step 5 of covering the land with a film, wherein the width of the film covering is not less than the width of the land plowed by the first rough plowing and covers the drip irrigation pipe for drip irrigation.

10. The sorghum cultivation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the step 4, surface fertilizer is applied before drip irrigation, and the surface fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer.

Images