Process for the preparation of catalysts for room temperature hydrosilylation reactions and use thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of chemical industry, and particularly relates to a Raney catalyst with an ultra-low platinum doping amount for a hydrosilylation and a preparation method and use thereof. The catalyst of the present application is obtained by crushing and dissolving a ternary metal alloy, so that the interaction between platinum atoms and framework metals is stronger, the adsorption and conversion of active metals in the catalysis to reactant molecules are more favorable, the catalyst activity is significantly improved, and catalyst sintering and aggregation commonly seen in traditional supported catalytic reactions are effectively avoided. The present application also simultaneously provides a room temperature hydrosilylation method, in which an ultra-low platinum doping amount Raney framework catalyst, an unsaturated alkane and a hydrogen-containing silane are placed in a reaction tube to perform a reaction at room temperature, so as to obtain a corresponding product.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of chemical industry, and particularly relates to a Raney catalyst with an ultra-low platinum doping amount for a hydrosilylation reaction and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The hydrosilylation reaction is an addition reaction between unsaturated (such as --CH=CH2, C≡CH, --CH2--CH=CH2, =C=O or =C=N, etc.) hydrocarbon compounds and organosilicon polymers containing Si--H under certain catalytic conditions, is one of the most important reaction types in organosilicon chemistry, and is widely used in the synthesis of organohalosilanes, the preparation of modified silicone oils, the synthesis of silane coupling agents, liquid silicone rubbers and the synthesis of some functional organosilicon materials.

[0003] In the field of hydrosilylation, platinum catalysts dominate due to their wide raw material sources, excellent catalytic activity and high selectivity. The most widely used catalysts in industry include Speier catalyst (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79(4): 574) and Karstedt catalyst (US3775452), but homogeneous platinum catalysts are difficult to recycle and reuse, greatly increasing the production cost. In addition, to remove metal components in the product, the separation and purification are also difficult. Developing efficient heterogeneous catalysts that are easy to separate and recycle for hydrosilylation reactions is conducive to improving the economic benefits of the preparation of organosilicon materials.

[0004] CN116851021 discloses a supported catalyst of platinum supported on nitrogen-doped porous carbon spheres. The catalyst has good catalytic performance, and the product yield is 90% to 100%. However, the preparation process involves six or more raw materials, the preparation cost is high, the raw materials are complex, and resources are wasted to some extent. CN114713258A discloses a preparation method of a platinum atom heterogeneous catalyst, and the carrier is carbon nitride or a carbon nitride derivative. The catalyst can be recycled, but the catalyst itself has poor stability and cannot be reused. In order to reduce the use of platinum, the platinum loading of the currently researched heterogeneous catalysts is reduced to 1% to 10%. For example, CN116003799A and CN116786171A. However, research has found that when the platinum loading is less than 1%, the catalytic effect is greatly reduced.

[0005] In addition, the activity of most catalysts is often limited by the reaction temperature. For example, the catalyst provided in CN11725880A has a carrier of palygorskite in-situ grown with hydrotalcite, and has high catalytic activity only when the reaction is carried out at 50 to 110°C, and cannot be used for room temperature hydrosilylation. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to provide a preparation method of a catalyst for room temperature hydrosilylation reaction and application thereof.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a preparation method of a Raney-type framework catalyst with ultra-low platinum doping amount for room temperature hydrosilylation, comprising the following steps:

[0008] ① Preparation of alloy block:

[0009] The ternary alloy is composed of framework metal, aluminum and platinum, wherein the platinum accounts for 0.1-0.5% of the ternary alloy, the aluminum accounts for 35-65% of the ternary alloy, and the rest is framework metal;

[0010] According to the above ratio, the framework metal, aluminum and platinum are mixed and melted (under vacuum conditions), the obtained alloy liquid is made into an ingot (quenching and casting into an ingot), and finally cooled (air cooling) to obtain a framework metal-aluminum-platinum ternary alloy block;

[0011] The ternary alloy block is crushed and then ground to obtain a ternary alloy powder;

[0012] The above grinding is beneficial to the subsequent leaching of aluminum;

[0013] ② Leaching of alloy:

[0014] A sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 20%-40% is prepared and cooled to 10-15°C to obtain a cooled lye;

[0015] Under magnetic stirring (which can be carried out under ice bath conditions), the ternary alloy powder prepared in step ① is added to the cooled lye, and the temperature of the lye is controlled to be not more than 25°C during the addition process (about 1 hour for addition), and the magnetic stirring is stopped after the addition is completed, and the obtained is named as a reaction system;

[0016] The mass ratio of ternary alloy powder to cooled lye is = 1:5-10 (preferably 1:6-7);

[0017] The reaction system is warmed to 60-80°C, and reacted at this temperature for 10±1 hours (to leach aluminum);

[0018] ③ After step ② is completed (at this time, the hydrogen bubbles become slow), the supernatant is poured off, and deionized water is added for washing (repeated 3-4 times);

[0019] Then, the same amount of cooled lye as in step ② is added again, and the reaction is continued at room temperature for 10±1 hours (to react residual aluminum); after standing (so that the alloy powder settles), the deionized water is used for washing (washed several times until the washing liquid is neutral);

[0020] Note: the above step ② and step ③ reaction is carried out under conventional stirring conditions;

[0021] IV. Then, respectively, wash with 95% ethanol and anhydrous ethanol (2-4 times each), to obtain platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst.

[0022] It belongs to heterogeneous catalyst, can be stored in anhydrous ethanol mill mouth bottle.

[0023] As the preparation method of the ultra-low platinum-doped Raney type skeleton catalyst of the application is improved: the skeleton metal is any of the following: nickel, copper, cobalt, iron;

[0024] The corresponding obtained metal skeleton is Raney nickel, Raney copper, Raney cobalt, Raney iron.

[0025] As a further improvement of the preparation method of the ultra-low platinum-doped Raney type skeleton catalyst of the application: the temperature rising rate in step ② is 5-10℃ / min.

[0026] As a further improvement of the preparation method of the ultra-low platinum-doped Raney type skeleton catalyst of the application: the step ① is ground to pass through 80-140 mesh sieve.

[0027] As a further improvement of the preparation method of the ultra-low platinum-doped Raney type skeleton catalyst of the application: aluminum accounts for 48-52% of the ternary alloy.

[0028] The application also simultaneously provides a room temperature silicon hydrogen addition method, which uses the ultra-low platinum-doped Raney type skeleton catalyst prepared by any of the above methods;

[0029] The catalyst (ultra-low platinum-doped Raney type skeleton catalyst), unsaturated alkane and hydrogen-containing silane are placed in a reaction tube, and the reaction is carried out at room temperature, and the reaction time is 2±0.1h; thereby obtaining the corresponding product;

[0030] The molar ratio of hydrogen-containing silane: unsaturated alkane is (1±0.1):1.

[0031] 9-11mg of ultra-low platinum-doped Raney type skeleton catalyst is used for every 10mmol of unsaturated alkane.

[0032] As an improvement of the room temperature silicon hydrogen addition method of the application:

[0033] The hydrogen-containing silane is triethoxysilane, methyldiethoxysilane, triisopropylsilane, trichlorosilane, dichlorosilane.

[0034] The unsaturated alkane is an olefin or an olefin derivative; the olefin is octene, hexene, isoprene, and the olefin derivative is 1-octene-3-ol, 1-hexene-3-ol, 5-hexene-2-ketone.

[0035] The platinum-doped Raney catalyst provided by the application has simple raw materials and low cost; due to the high mechanical strength and stable porous framework of the catalyst, the catalyst has high activity and can be used for hydrogen silicon addition reaction to prepare organosilicon monomers at room temperature.

[0036] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] The Raney catalyst prepared by the method has a special porous structure, provides a large amount of surface area, increases the active sites of the catalytic reaction, and facilitates the exposure of high-activity platinum.

[0038] In actual catalytic processes, the Raney catalyst itself can adsorb the reactant silane, promote the progress of the silicon hydrogen addition reaction, and exhibit higher catalytic activity and product selectivity.

[0039] The platinum-doped Raney catalyst prepared by the method has uniform dispersion of metal platinum, high atom utilization rate, and uniform active sites. The low doping amount and high dispersion of platinum improve the utilization rate of platinum atoms, reduce the amount of noble metal, improve the activity of the catalyst, and greatly reduce the cost of the catalyst.

[0040] The catalyst involved in the method has stronger interaction between platinum atoms and framework metals, and the adsorption and conversion of reactant molecules in the catalysis of active metals are more favorable, which significantly improves the activity of the catalyst and effectively avoids the sintering and aggregation of catalysts commonly seen in traditional supported catalytic reactions.

[0041] The catalyst obtained by the application can be used for efficient silicon hydrogen addition reaction at room temperature, and the catalyst involved in the method has the characteristics of low cost, high activity, and mild reaction conditions.

[0042] In summary, the platinum-based catalyst is doped in the Raney framework at an ultra-low load of 0.1-0.5%. The active component is a combination of noble metal platinum and metal aluminum and framework metal. The catalyst provided by the application has high catalytic efficiency and can realize silicon hydrogen addition reaction at room temperature with high conversion rate and high selectivity. At the same time, the catalyst has simple raw materials and low cost, the special framework structure of the catalyst realizes high stability of the catalyst, high dispersion of platinum atoms, and can perform multiple hydrogen silicon addition reactions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The application will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples, but the scope of protection of the application is not limited to this:

[0044] The products obtained in the following cases are verified to be correct through conventional nuclear magnetic verification.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] ① Preparation of alloy block:

[0047] Take 50g of nickel, 49.5g of aluminum and 0.5g of platinum as the raw material framework metal, put the nickel into a crucible and place it in a vacuum induction furnace to melt under vacuum, then continue to add aluminum and platinum to melt under vacuum, and prepare the alloy liquid into an ingot (conventional quenching casting into an ingot), and finally air cool to obtain a framework metal-aluminum-platinum ternary alloy block;

[0048] Put the alloy block into a crusher to crush it into powder, and then grind it to 120 mesh, and the obtained product is named as ternary alloy powder; for standby use.

[0049] The above separate melting can make the mixing of metals more uniform.

[0050] ② Alloy leaching:

[0051] In a 1.5L beaker, dissolve 125g of sodium hydroxide in 0.5L of deionized water, stir, and cool to 10°C on an ice bath to obtain the cooled lye.

[0052] Under the conditions of magnetic stirring and ice bath, add the entire ternary alloy powder prepared in step ① to the above cooled lye in small batches, the adding speed should be controlled so that the temperature of the lye does not exceed 25°C, and after about 1 hour of adding, stop the magnetic stirring. Take the beaker out of the ice bath and let the reaction system rise to room temperature, then enter the water bath to slowly warm up (the warming rate is 5-10°C / min), until the temperature rises to 60°C, and react for 10 hours at this temperature, at this time the hydrogen bubbles slow down.

[0053] Explanation:

[0054] The reaction of metallic aluminum and sodium hydroxide generates hydrogen bubbles, and the slowing down of hydrogen bubbles indicates that the metallic aluminum in the alloy powder has been preliminarily dissolved by sodium hydroxide.

[0055] Slow warming can prevent too many bubbles from causing the reaction liquid to overflow.

[0056] During the reaction, distilled water can be added to the reaction system to maintain the basic stability of the reaction system volume (i.e. to maintain the same original volume).

[0057] ③ After 10 hours of reaction in step ②, let the suspension separate into layers, pour off the supernatant, and wash with deionized water, specifically: add deionized water to 0.75L, slightly disturb to make the alloy powder suspended, let it settle, and pour off the supernatant; repeat the above washing steps three times;

[0058] To further dissolve the aluminum metal, the same amount of the cooled alkali solution as used in step 2 is added again, and the reaction is continued at room temperature for 10 hours to react the residual aluminum, and the alloy powder is allowed to settle for 10 minutes, and then washed with deionized water several times until the washing liquid is neutral.

[0059] The reactions in steps 2 and 3 above are both carried out under conventional stirring conditions.

[0060] 4. After the end of step 3, the platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst is washed with 95% ethanol and anhydrous ethanol, respectively, each for three times (in each washing, the amount of 95% ethanol is 1000 ml, and the amount of anhydrous ethanol is 1000 ml) to obtain the platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst.

[0061] The platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst obtained in Example 1 is used in the following application examples 1-1 to 1-7 for the hydrosilylation reaction:

[0062] Application Example 1-1:

[0063] 10 mg of the catalyst obtained in Example 1, 10 mmol of triethoxysilane and 10 mmol of octene are added to a reaction tube, and the reaction is carried out at room temperature (25°C) for 2 hours. After the end of the reaction, the catalyst solid is separated by filtration, and the filtrate obtained by the filtration is a colorless transparent liquid containing the product n-octyltriethoxysilane.

[0064] Structure of the product:

[0065] The hydrosilylation yield is 97.1% and the selectivity of the terminal addition product is 98.4% as detected by GC-MS.

[0066] The calculation formula of the hydrosilylation yield is: The calculation formula of the selectivity of the terminal addition product is:

[0067]

[0068] Note: In the filtrate obtained by the filtration, in addition to the product, there are also tetraethyl orthosilicate and the like; therefore, the product can be effectively separated by using the conventional distillation method in the industry. The following examples are similar; this is a conventional technology, which is not discussed in the present application.

[0069] The catalyst solid obtained by the separation above is repeatedly used for 3 times after the conventional cleaning, and there is no significant downward trend in the hydrosilylation yield.

[0070] Application Example 1-2:

[0071] The 10 mg catalyst obtained in Example 1, 10 mmol of methyl dimethoxysilane and 10 mmol of octene were added into a reaction tube, and reacted at room temperature of 25 °C for 2 hours. After the reaction, the catalyst solid was separated by filtration, and the filtrate obtained contained the product n-octyl methyl dimethoxysilane.

[0072] Product structure

[0073] The silicon-hydrogen addition yield was 98.6% and the selectivity of the target addition product was 99.4% by GC-MS detection.

[0074] Application Example 1-3:

[0075] The 10 mg catalyst obtained in Example 1, 10 mmol of trimethoxysilane and 10 mmol of hexene were added into a reaction tube, and reacted at room temperature of 25 °C for 2 hours. After the reaction, the catalyst solid was separated by filtration, and the filtrate obtained contained the product n-hexyl trimethoxysilane.

[0076] Product structure:

[0077] The silicon-hydrogen addition yield was 94.6% and the selectivity of the target addition product was 97.4% by GC-MS detection.

[0078] Application Example 1-4:

[0079] The 10 mg catalyst obtained in Example 1, 10 mmol of triethoxysilane and 10 mmol of isoprene were added into a reaction tube, and reacted at room temperature of 25 °C for 2 hours. After the reaction, the catalyst solid was separated by filtration, and the filtrate obtained contained the product isoprenyl triethoxysilane.

[0080] Product structure:

[0081] The silicon-hydrogen addition yield was 89.6% and the selectivity of the target addition product was 93.4% by GC-MS detection.

[0082] Application Example 1-5:

[0083] The 10 mg catalyst obtained in Example 1, 10 mmol of triisopropylsilane and 10 mmol of octene were added into a reaction tube, and reacted at room temperature of 25 °C for 2 hours. After the reaction, the catalyst solid was separated by filtration, and the filtrate obtained contained the product n-octyl triisopropylsilane.

[0084] Product structure:

[0085] The silicon-hydrogen addition yield was 97.4% and the selectivity of the target addition product was 99.2% by GC-MS detection.

[0086] Application Example 1-6

[0087] 10 mg of the catalyst obtained in Example 1, 10 mmol of trichlorosilane and 10 mmol of styrene were added into a reaction tube, and reacted at room temperature of 25°C for 2 hours. After the reaction, the catalyst solid was separated by filtration, and the filtrate obtained contained the product benzyltrichlorosilane.

[0088] Structure of the product:

[0089] The silicon-hydrogen addition yield was 97.1% and the selectivity of the target addition product was 99.1% by GC-MS detection.

[0090] Application Example 1-7

[0091] 10 mg of the catalyst obtained in Example 1, 10 mmol of trichlorosilane and 10 mmol of isoprene were added into a reaction tube, and reacted at room temperature of 25°C for 2 hours. After the reaction, the catalyst solid was separated by filtration, and the filtrate obtained contained the product isoprenyltrichlorosilane.

[0092] Structure of the product:

[0093]

[0094] The silicon-hydrogen addition yield was 97.3% and the selectivity of the target addition product was 99.2% by GC-MS detection.

[0095] Example 2

[0096] Replace "nickel 50 g" with "copper 50 g", and the rest is the same as Example 1. The obtained catalyst is named as platinum-doped Raney copper catalyst.

[0097] In Application Examples 2-1 to 2-7, the platinum-doped Raney copper catalyst obtained in Example 2 is used instead of the platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst obtained in Example 1, and the rest is the same as Application Examples 1-1 to 1-7.

[0098] The results obtained are shown in Table 1 below.

[0099] Table 1

[0100] Hydrogenation of Si-H Selectivity of terminal addition product Application Example 2-1 95.2％ 97.3％ Application Example 2-2 94.0％ 94.9％ Application Example 2-3 94.7％ 95.6％ Application Example 2-4 89.6％ 93.4％ Application Example 2-5 89.4％ 91.2％ Application Example 2-6 92.8％ 93.9％ Application Example 2-7 93.2％ 97.2％

[0101] Example 3

[0102] Replace "nickel 50 g" with "cobalt 50 g", and the rest is the same as Example 1. The obtained catalyst is named as platinum-doped Raney cobalt catalyst.

[0103] Examples 3-1 to 3-7, the platinum-doped Raney iron catalyst obtained in Example 4 is used in place of the platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst obtained in Example 1, and the rest is identical to Examples 1-1 to 1-7.

[0104] The results obtained are shown in Table 2 below.

[0105] Table 2

[0106] Hydrogenation of Si-H Selectivity of terminal addition product Application Example 3-1 92.2％ 93.3％ Application Example 3-2 89.7％ 90.9％ Application Example 3-3 86.7％ 90.6％ Application Example 3-4 88.6％ 92.4％ Application Example 3-5 89.2％ 91.4％ Application Example 3-6 90.4％ 93.8％ Application Example 3-7 91.2％ 93.2％

[0107] Example 4:

[0108] "nickel 50 g" is changed to "iron 50 g", and the rest is identical to Example 1; the catalyst obtained is named platinum-doped Raney iron catalyst.

[0109] Examples 3-1 to 3-7, the platinum-doped Raney iron catalyst obtained in Example 4 is used in place of the platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst obtained in Example 1, and the rest is identical to Examples 1-1 to 1-7.

[0110] The results obtained are shown in Table 3 below.

[0111] Table 3

[0112] Hydrogenation of Si-H Selectivity of terminal addition product Application Example 4-1 82.2％ 83.5％ Application Example 4-2 86.7％ 89.9％ Application Example 4-3 86.6％ 94.7％ Application Example 4-4 87.4％ 89.6％ Application Example 4-5 89.6％ 92.2％ Application Example 4-6 86.4％ 90.2％ Application Example 4-7 86.5％ 88.4％

[0113] Example 5: "platinum 0.5 g" in Example 1 is changed to "platinum 0.1 g", and the amount of nickel is adjusted accordingly so that the total amount of nickel, aluminum and platinum is still 100 g, and the rest is identical to Example 1; the catalyst obtained is named platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst I.

[0114] Examples 5-1 to 5-7, the platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst I obtained in Example 5 is used in place of the platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst obtained in Example 1, and the rest is identical to Examples 1-1 to 1-7.

[0115] The results obtained are shown in Table 4 below.

[0116] Table 4

[0117] Hydrogenation of Si-H Selectivity of terminal addition product Application Example 5-1 82.2％ 83.8％ Application Example 5-2 70.9％ 75.3％ Application Example 5-3 76.5％ 80.6％ Application Example 5-4 72.4％ 78.6％ Application Example 5-5 79.4％ 81.3％ Application Example 5-6 72.4％ 83.7％ Application Example 5-7 71.2％ 73.2％

[0118] Example 6: "platinum 0.5 g" in Example 1 is changed to "platinum 0.3 g", and the amount of nickel is adjusted accordingly so that the total amount of nickel, aluminum and platinum is still 100 g, and the rest is identical to Example 1; the catalyst obtained is named platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst II.

[0119] Examples 6-1 to 6-7, the platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst II obtained in Example 6 is used in place of the platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst obtained in Example 1, and the rest is identical to Examples 1-1 to 1-7.

[0120] The results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0121] Table 5

[0122] Hydrogenation of Si-H Selectivity of terminal addition product Application Example 6-1 90.2％ 93.5％ Application Example 6-2 83.7％ 90.9％ Application Example 6-3 86.7％ 88.6％ Application Example 6-4 86.4％ 90.6％ Application Example 6-5 89.2％ 90.9％ Application Example 6-6 86.4％ 93.8％ Application Example 6-7 82.3％ 84.2％

[0123] Comparative Example 1: The "0.5g of platinum" in Example 1 was changed to "0g of platinum", that is, the use of platinum was cancelled; and the amount of nickel was adjusted accordingly so that the total amount of nickel and aluminum was still 100g, and the rest was the same as in Example 1; the resulting catalyst was named Raney nickel catalyst.

[0124] Comparative Application Examples 1-1 to 1-7: The Raney nickel catalyst obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used to replace the platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst obtained in Example 1, and the rest were the same as in Application Examples 1-1 to 1-7.

[0125] The results are shown in Table 6 below.

[0126] Table 6

[0127] Hydrogenation of Si-H Comparative Example 1-1 42.2％ Comparative Example 1-2 59.7％ Comparative Example 1-3 60.6％ Comparative Example 1-4 52.5％ Comparative Example 1-5 41.4％ Comparative Example 1-6 58.4％ Comparative Example 1-7 51.2％

[0128] Comparative Example 2: Step ① of Example 1 is modified as follows:

[0129] Add 50g of nickel, 49.5g of aluminum, and 0.5g of platinum to a crusher and grind them into powder. Then grind them to 120 mesh. The resulting powder is named ternary alloy powder.

[0130] The rest is the same as in Example 1; the resulting catalyst is named Platinum-doped Raney Nickel Catalyst III.

[0131] Comparative Application Examples 1-1 to 1-7: The platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst III obtained in Comparative Example 2 was used to replace the platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst obtained in Example 1, and the rest were the same as in Application Examples 1-1 to 1-7.

[0132] The results are shown in Table 7 below.

[0133] Table 7

[0134] Hydrogenation of Si-H Comparative Example 2-1 12.2％ Comparative Example 2-2 16.7％ Comparative Example 2-3 9.6％ Comparative Example 2-4 9.4％ Comparative Example 2-5 11.2％ Comparative Example 2-6 13.4％ Comparative Example 2-7 9.2％

[0135] In Comparative Example 3 and Example 1, step ② was omitted, including the cooling treatment of the sodium hydroxide solution and the batch addition of the ternary alloy powder.

[0136] That is, it should be changed to the following:

[0137] Dissolve 125g of sodium hydroxide in 0.5L of deionized water and stir. Under magnetic stirring, add all the ternary alloy powder obtained in step ① into the alkaline solution at once. Then, heat the solution in a water bath until it reaches 60°C and react at this temperature for 10 hours.

[0138] The rest is equivalent to Example 1.

[0139] The defect of this Comparative Example 3 is that the metal is not mixed uniformly and cannot form a skeleton structure, and the dispersion of the active metal platinum is low, so it cannot be used.

[0140] Finally, it should be noted that the above enumeration is only a few specific embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, but can also have many variations. All variations that can be directly derived or inferred by those of ordinary skill in the art from the disclosure of the present application should be considered as falling within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A room temperature hydrosilylation process characterized by: The hydrosilylation reaction is carried out at room temperature in a reaction tube with a catalyst, an unsaturated alkane and a hydrogen-containing silane, wherein the catalyst is a Raney-type skeleton catalyst with ultra-low platinum doping amount; The preparation method of the Raney-type skeleton catalyst with ultra-low platinum doping amount comprises the following steps: ① Preparation of alloy block: A ternary alloy is prepared from a skeleton metal, aluminum and platinum, wherein the platinum accounts for 0.1-0.5% of the ternary alloy, the aluminum accounts for 35-65% of the ternary alloy, and the rest is the skeleton metal; According to the above ratio, the skeleton metal, aluminum and platinum are mixed and melted, the obtained alloy liquid is made into an ingot, and finally cooled to obtain a ternary alloy block of skeleton metal-aluminum-platinum; The ternary alloy block is crushed and then ground to obtain a ternary alloy powder; The skeleton metal is any one of nickel, copper, cobalt and iron; ② Alloy leaching: A sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 20-40% is prepared and cooled to 10-15°C to obtain a cooled lye; Under magnetic stirring, the ternary alloy powder prepared in step ① is added to the cooled lye, and the temperature of the lye is controlled to be not higher than 25°C during the adding process, and the magnetic stirring is stopped after the adding is completed, and the obtained is named as a reaction system; The mass ratio of the ternary alloy powder to the cooled lye is 1:5-10; The reaction system is heated to 60-80°C, and the reaction is carried out at this temperature for 10±1 hours; ③ After step ② is completed, the supernatant is poured out, and deionized water is added for washing; Then the same amount of cooled lye as that used in step ② is added again, and the reaction is continued at room temperature for 10±1 hours; after standing, the reaction system is washed with deionized water; ④ The platinum-doped Raney nickel catalyst is obtained by washing with 95% ethanol and anhydrous ethanol respectively.

2. The room temperature hydrosilylation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating rate in step ② is 5-10°C / min.

3. The room temperature hydrosilylation process according to claim 2, wherein: The grinding in step ① is to pass through a 80-140 mesh sieve.

4. The room temperature hydrosilylation process of claim 3, wherein: The aluminum accounts for 48-52% of the ternary alloy.

5. The room temperature hydrosilylation method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: The time of the hydrosilylation reaction carried out at room temperature is 2±0.1 hours; The molar ratio of the hydrogen-containing silane to the unsaturated alkane is (1±0.1):1; 9-11 mg of the Raney-type skeleton catalyst with ultra-low platinum doping amount is used for every 10 mmol of the unsaturated alkane.

6. The room temperature hydrosilylation method according to claim 5, wherein: The hydrogen-containing silane is triethoxysilane, methyldiethoxysilane, triisopropylsilane, trichlorosilane or dichlorosilane; The unsaturated alkane is an olefin or an olefin derivative; the olefin is octene, hexene or isoprene, and the olefin derivative is 1-octene-3-ol, 1-hexene-3-ol or 5-hexene-2-one.

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