Separation and recovery method and system of photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic module separation and recovery method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, providing a photovoltaic module, damaging a rigid part in the photovoltaic module, and enabling the rigid part in the photovoltaic module to be connected with a non-rigid part of the photovoltaic module; s2, the photovoltaic module is put into a wet-process unsealing container to be soaked in a wet-process unsealing solution, and crushed materials of the photovoltaic module are separated in the unsealing process; s3, EVA glue, a metal enrichment solution, PVF powder, glass and a silicon wafer in the photovoltaic module are screened out; the defects that in the wet recycling process of the waste photovoltaic module, the peptizing link time is too long, the component separation difficulty is large, a wet deblocking reactor is huge, and the operation cost is high are overcome, separation and recycling of glass, swelling EVA, silicon, a metal enrichment solution and PVF powder are achieved, high-value reutilization of a PET material is achieved, and the blank that the swelling PET material cannot be reutilized is filled up.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization, and in particular to a method and system for separating and recycling photovoltaic components. Background Art

[0002] my country ranks first in the world in photovoltaic installed capacity, and it is estimated that the scrap volume of photovoltaic laminates will reach 8 million tons / year in 2035. Photovoltaic modules contain waste glass (76.5%), silicon wafers (12.2%), PET backsheets (8.9%) and a small amount of metals. Their recycling is an important supplement to photovoltaic production raw materials. The recycling of retired photovoltaic laminates is the key to the closed-loop development of the photovoltaic industry.

[0003] The current waste photovoltaic module recycling technology includes wet recycling technology and pyrometallurgical recycling technology. The wet recycling technology mainly uses a solvent system to change the EVA glue structure, break its silane coupling bonds, weaken its adhesion ability and remove the packaging. For example, a new type of failed photovoltaic module recycling method provided by publication number CN106206848A includes the following process steps, specifically: a. The frame of the failed photovoltaic module is removed by a frame remover; b. The frameless photovoltaic module is transferred to a cracking device; c. The cracking device performs high-temperature cracking on the frameless photovoltaic module. This process will produce cracking oil and carbon black and obtain inorganic packaging materials, battery chips and electrode connecting materials. The inorganic packaging materials are transmitted from the door of the cracking device, and the battery chips, electrode connecting materials, and carbon black are sent to the sorting device; d. The sorting device sorts out the battery chips, electrode connecting materials, carbon black, and dust, and the sorted battery chips are sent to a wet cleaning / metallurgical device; e. The wet cleaning / metallurgical device cleans the coating, electrode connecting materials and other impurities on the battery chip, and recovers rare and precious metals such as silver and indium.

[0004] However, since the surface of the photovoltaic module that can be exposed to the solvent system is only a gap less than 2 mm wide, the swelling kinetics are slow and the decapsulation process usually takes more than 80 hours, resulting in a long decapsulation time and low efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above technical deficiencies, propose a method and system for separating and recycling photovoltaic modules, and solve the technical problems of long unsealing time and low efficiency of wet recycling technology for recycling photovoltaic modules in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for separating and recycling photovoltaic modules, comprising the following steps: S1: providing a photovoltaic module, destroying a rigid part of the photovoltaic module, so that the rigid part of the photovoltaic module is connected to a non-rigid part of the photovoltaic module; S2: placing the photovoltaic module into a wet decapsulation container and soaking it in a wet decapsulation solution, and separating the broken materials of the photovoltaic module during the decapsulation process; S3: Screen out EVA glue, metal-enriched solution, PVF powder, glass and silicon wafers in photovoltaic modules respectively.

[0007] In some embodiments, before step S1, the following step is further included: cutting and removing the aluminum frame and the wiring frame of the waste photovoltaic module.

[0008] In some embodiments, the method of destroying the rigid part of the photovoltaic module is mechanical destruction of the glass, including rolling or impact.

[0009] In some embodiments, the specific steps of S1 include: placing one side of the back panel of the photovoltaic module downward, using a transmission mechanism to transport the photovoltaic module, stopping after each set distance of transportation, and using a pressing assembly above the transmission mechanism to bend and press the photovoltaic module downward when stopping, breaking the rigid structure in the photovoltaic module into multiple sections in sequence to destroy the rigid part in the photovoltaic module and maintain the integrity of the back panel, while the integrity of the non-rigid material is not destroyed, and the rigid part in the photovoltaic module is connected by the non-rigid part of the photovoltaic module.

[0010] In some embodiments, S2 specifically includes the following steps: removing debris attached to the surface of the backplane, and the decapsulation is considered completed after the debris is separated from the backplane, and the debris is screened out by screening, collected and sent to the next processing module, and then the backplane that is not adhered to the glass, silicon wafer and metal is taken out.

[0011] In some embodiments, the specific steps for removing the debris attached to the surface of the backplane are: winding the photovoltaic module, placing the rolled photovoltaic module into a container containing a wet desealing solvent, and driving the photovoltaic module to rotate by the rotation of a rotating drum in the container, and the EVA glue loses its viscosity after contacting the wet desealing solvent in the container, so that the glass, silicon wafer and EVA glue on the backplane fall off under the action of the rotation of the rotating drum.

[0012] In some embodiments, S3 specifically includes the following steps: friction cleaning, wet leaching, screening, color sorting and material sorting are sequentially used to separate the swollen EVA glue, metal-enriched solution, PVF powder, glass and silicon wafers.

[0013] In some embodiments, the friction cleaning adopts a wet friction, rinsing and dehydration mode to remove the EVA glue attached to the surface of the material, and the wet friction time is not less than 60s; the wet leaching separates the EVA glue by density separation; the screening step is used to separate PVF powder, wherein the sieve used for screening PVF powder is ≥500 mesh; the color sorting is used to separate silicon wafers with black components; the material sorting is used to separate PET materials and glass materials.

[0014] In the second aspect, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic component separation and recovery system, which is used to implement any of the above-mentioned photovoltaic component separation and recovery methods, and includes: a rigid removal module, a wet decapsulation module and a component separation module, the rigid removal module is used to destroy the rigid part of the photovoltaic component so that the rigid part of the photovoltaic component is connected by the non-rigid part of the photovoltaic component; the wet decapsulation module is used to put the photovoltaic component into a wet decapsulation container to soak the wet decapsulation solution, and separate the broken materials of the photovoltaic component during the decapsulation process; the component separation module is used to respectively screen out the EVA glue, metal-enriched solution, PVF powder, glass and silicon wafer in the photovoltaic component.

[0015] In some embodiments, the component separation module includes: a friction cleaning module, a wet leaching module, a screening module, a color sorting module and a material sorting module. The friction cleaning module adopts a wet friction, rinsing and dehydration mode to remove the EVA glue attached to the surface of the material, and the wet friction time is not less than 60s; the wet leaching module is used to separate the EVA glue by density separation; the screening module is used to separate PVF powder, wherein the screen used to screen PVF powder is ≥500 mesh; the color sorting module is used to separate silicon wafers of black components; the material sorting module is used to separate PET materials and glass materials.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic assembly separation and recovery method and system provided by the present invention can increase the contact surface between the adhesive and the wet leaching agent in the photovoltaic assembly in the subsequent process by destroying the rigid part in the photovoltaic assembly so that the rigid part in the photovoltaic assembly is connected by the non-rigid part of the photovoltaic assembly, thereby achieving the effect of increasing the kinetic rate; by placing the photovoltaic assembly in a wet decapsulation container and soaking in a wet decapsulation solution, the broken materials of the photovoltaic assembly are separated during the decapsulation process, and the encapsulation materials are dissolved by soaking in the wet decapsulation solution so as to separate various broken materials, and finally the EVA adhesive, metal-enriched solution, PVF powder, glass and silicon wafer in the photovoltaic assembly are screened out respectively; the scheme solves the defects of too long decapsulation time, great difficulty in component separation, huge wet decapsulation reactor and high operating cost in the wet recovery process of waste photovoltaic assembly, realizes the separation and recovery of glass, swollen EVA, silicon, metal-enriched solution and PVF powder, and realizes the high-value reuse of PET materials, filling the gap that swollen PET materials cannot be reused. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a step diagram of a method for separating and recycling photovoltaic modules provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a flow chart of a photovoltaic module separation and recovery method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module separation and recovery system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a rigidity removal module of a photovoltaic assembly separation and recovery system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module before and after the rigidity is removed; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module fixed before winding; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a wet decapsulation module of a photovoltaic module separation and recovery system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of a wet decapsulation module of a photovoltaic module separation and recovery system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a component separation module of a photovoltaic assembly separation and recovery system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of a component separation module of a photovoltaic component separation and recovery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Description of reference numerals: 1. Rigid removal module; 11. Transmission mechanism; 111. Transmission roller; 112. Conveyor belt; 12. Guide mechanism; 121. Unpowered roller; 13. Material pressing mechanism; 131. First steel pressing plate; 132. First driving member; 133. Second steel pressing plate; 134. Second driving member; 14. Bouncing screen; 15. Material collecting trough; 2. Wet decapsulation module; 21. Wet decapsulation container shell; 211. Wet decapsulation solvent; 22. Drum screen; 23. Crumb material conveying screw; 3. Component separation module; 31. Friction cleaning machine housing; 311. Feed inlet; 312. Discharge port; 32. Friction rotating shaft; 33. Friction rotating blade; 4. Rinse tank; 5. Fixing buckle; 6. Fixing net; 7. Photovoltaic module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] In order to solve the technical problems of long decapsulation time and low efficiency in wet recycling technology for recycling photovoltaic modules, the present invention provides a separation and recovery method and system for photovoltaic modules, which solves the defects of long degumming time, great difficulty in component separation, huge wet decapsulation reactor and high operating cost in the wet recycling process of waste photovoltaic modules, realizes the separation and recovery of glass, swollen EVA, silicon, metal-enriched solution and PVF powder, and realizes high-value reuse of PET materials, filling the gap that swollen PET materials cannot be reused.

[0021] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for separating and recycling photovoltaic modules, comprising the following steps: S1: providing a photovoltaic module, destroying a rigid part of the photovoltaic module, so that the rigid part of the photovoltaic module is connected to a non-rigid part of the photovoltaic module; S2: placing the photovoltaic module into a wet decapsulation container and soaking it in a wet decapsulation solution, and separating the broken materials of the photovoltaic module during the decapsulation process; S3: Screen out EVA glue, metal-enriched solution, PVF powder, glass and silicon wafers in photovoltaic modules respectively.

[0022] In this solution, by providing a photovoltaic module, the rigid part of the photovoltaic module is destroyed, so that the rigid part of the photovoltaic module is connected by the non-rigid part of the photovoltaic module, the contact surface between the adhesive in the photovoltaic module and the wet leaching agent can be increased in the subsequent process, which has the effect of increasing the kinetic rate; by placing the photovoltaic module in a wet decapsulation container and soaking in a wet decapsulation solution, the broken materials of the photovoltaic module are separated during the decapsulation process, and the encapsulation material is dissolved by soaking in the wet decapsulation solution, so as to separate various broken materials, and finally the EVA glue, metal-enriched solution, PVF powder, glass and silicon wafer in the photovoltaic module are screened out respectively; this solution solves the defects of too long decapsulation time, great difficulty in component separation, huge wet decapsulation reactor and high operating cost in the wet recycling process of waste photovoltaic modules, realizes the separation and recovery of glass, swollen EVA, silicon, metal-enriched solution and PVF powder, and realizes the high-value reuse of PET materials, filling the gap that swollen PET materials cannot be reused.

[0023] In order to facilitate the removal of the rigid part of the photovoltaic module, in this embodiment, before step S1, the aluminum frame and the wiring frame of the waste photovoltaic module need to be cut and removed.

[0024] It should be noted that, in the present scheme, removing rigidity refers to the bending, curling and other deformation processes of a multi-layer structure composed of rigid and non-rigid materials under the action of external mechanical force. In this process, the integrity of the rigid layer structure is destroyed and broken into small pieces, while the integrity of the non-rigid material is not destroyed. In addition, the soft properties of the non-rigid material cause the original multi-layer structure to still exist, but its structural rigidity no longer exists.

[0025] Preferably, in this embodiment, the method of destroying the rigid part in the photovoltaic module is to mechanically destroy the glass, including processes such as crushing or impacting, but not including shearing and tearing processes, and the backplane material must be kept intact.

[0026] The present invention also provides a more specific embodiment to illustrate the above steps S1-S3, which specifically includes: Step 1. Place the back panel of the photovoltaic module downward, use the transmission mechanism to transport the photovoltaic module, stop after each set distance, and use the pressing assembly above the transmission mechanism to bend and press the photovoltaic module downward to break the rigid structure in the photovoltaic module into multiple sections in sequence to destroy the rigid part of the photovoltaic module and maintain the integrity of the back panel. The integrity of the non-rigid material is not destroyed, and the rigid part of the photovoltaic module is connected by the non-rigid part of the photovoltaic module.

[0027] Since the bending force on one side of the backboard of the photovoltaic module is smaller during crushing, the backboard of the photovoltaic module is placed close to the conveying surface and the bearing surface for crushing. The rigid structure in the photovoltaic module can be broken into multiple sections. It can not only remove the rigid structure in the photovoltaic module, but also keep the structure of the organic component (PET backboard\PVF film) intact. The obtained broken materials are broken glass, which is convenient for separating glass, metal and PVF materials in the subsequent unsealing process.

[0028] Preferably, the set distance of the transmission mechanism is 10 cm, and the rigid structure is destroyed once every 10 cm of transmission.

[0029] Step 2, removing the debris attached to the backplane surface. Specifically, the specific steps of removing the debris attached to the backplane surface are: winding the photovoltaic module, placing the rolled photovoltaic module into a container containing a wet decapsulation solvent, and driving the photovoltaic module to rotate by rotating the drum in the container, and the EVA glue loses its viscosity after contacting the wet decapsulation solvent in the container, so that the glass, silicon wafer and EVA glue on the backplane fall off under the rotation of the drum. After the debris is separated from the backplane, the decapsulation is considered to be completed, and the debris is screened out by screening, collected and sent to the next processing module, and then the backplane that is not adhered to the glass, silicon wafer and metal is taken out.

[0030] Preferably, the wet deblocking solvent is a deblocking solvent with a DMPU-like structure (pH=).

[0031] Step 3, friction cleaning, wet leaching, screening, color sorting and material sorting are used in sequence to separate the swollen EVA glue, metal-enriched solution, PVF powder, glass and silicon wafers. The friction cleaning adopts a wet friction, rinsing and dehydration mode to remove the EVA glue attached to the surface of the material, and the wet friction time is not less than 60s; the wet leaching separates the EVA glue by density separation, and in a ≥3mol / L hydrochloric acid system, the leaching potential is controlled at 350-380mV to leach metals such as silver and copper; the screening step is used to separate PVF powder, wherein the screen used to screen PVF powder is ≥500 mesh; the color sorting is used to separate silicon wafers of black components; the material sorting is used to separate PET materials and glass materials.

[0032] Among them, the backplane of non-stick glass, silicon wafer and metal is used for melt addition into conventional rPET material at a ratio of 10% by mass to make recycled textile fibers.

[0033] In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic component separation and recovery system, which is used to implement the photovoltaic component separation and recovery method provided in any of the above embodiments, and the photovoltaic component separation and recovery system includes: a rigid removal module 1, a wet decapsulation module 2 and a component separation module 3, wherein the rigid removal module 1 is used to destroy the rigid part of the photovoltaic component 7 so that the rigid part of the photovoltaic component 7 is connected by the non-rigid part of the photovoltaic component 7; the wet decapsulation module 2 is used to place the photovoltaic component 7 into a wet decapsulation container to soak the wet decapsulation solution, and separate the broken materials of the photovoltaic component 7 during the decapsulation process; the component separation module 3 is used to respectively screen out the EVA glue, metal-enriched solution, PVF powder, glass and silicon wafer in the photovoltaic component 7.

[0034] In order to destroy the rigid part of the photovoltaic assembly 7 , in some embodiments, the rigidity removal module 1 includes: a transmission mechanism 11 , a guide mechanism 12 and a pressing mechanism 13 .

[0035] The transmission mechanism 11 includes two transmission rollers 111, a conveyor belt 112 and a driving device. The conveyor belt 112 is sleeved between the two transmission rollers 111, and its top surface forms a conveying surface. The height of the transmission roller 111 on the left side is lower than that of the other transmission roller 111, so that the conveying surface formed by the top surface of the transmission belt 112 is tilted upward from left to right. The driving device is connected to the transmission roller 111 and is used to drive the transmission roller 111 to rotate. The driving device is a motor or an electric shaft, etc., which drives the transmission roller 111 to rotate and drives the conveyor belt 112 to move between the two transmission rollers 111, so as to transport the photovoltaic module 7 from left to right to the guide mechanism 12.

[0036] The guide mechanism 12 includes a plurality of unpowered rollers 121, which are arranged to be tilted downward in sequence from close to the transmission mechanism 11 to far away from the transmission mechanism 11, so that a bearing surface is formed between the tops of the plurality of unpowered rollers 121. After the photovoltaic component 7 is partially transported to the top of the bearing surface by the transmission mechanism 11, the first pressing piece and the second pressing piece are moved relative to the conveyor belt 112 and the unpowered roller 121 respectively, so that the two sides of the photovoltaic component 7 can be pressed against the top surfaces of the conveyor belt 112 and the unpowered roller 121 respectively, so as to achieve the purpose of destroying the rigid structure of the photovoltaic component 7.

[0037] In particular, tempered glass will be broken into pieces once its rigidity is destroyed. In order to allow the EVA glue at the connection between the silicon and the back panel to come into contact with the wet desealing agent, the rigid structure needs to be destroyed every 10 cm of transmission.

[0038] The first material pressing member includes a first steel pressing plate 131 and a first driving member 132, and the second material pressing member includes a second steel pressing plate 133 and a second driving member 134. The first steel pressing plate 131 is arranged above the transmission mechanism 11 and is parallel to the conveying surface. The driving end at the bottom of the first driving member 132 is fixedly connected to the first steel pressing plate 131, and is used to drive the first steel pressing plate 131 to move relative to the conveying surface. The second steel pressing plate 133 is arranged above the guide mechanism 12 and is parallel to the bearing surface. The driving end at the bottom of the second driving member 134 is fixedly connected to the second steel pressing plate 133, and is used to drive the second steel pressing plate 133 to move relative to the bearing surface. The first driving member 132 and the second driving member 134 are hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinders. During implementation, the first driving member 132 and the second driving member 134 can respectively drive the first steel pressure plate 131 and the second steel pressure plate 133, so that the first steel pressure plate 131 moves relative to the conveyor belt 112, and the second steel pressure plate 133 moves relative to the unpowered roller 121, so that the material inside the photovoltaic component 7 is cracked or damaged due to stress concentration, thereby achieving the purpose of destroying the rigid structure in the photovoltaic component 7.

[0039] Behind the guide mechanism 12, a bouncing screen 14 and a material collecting trough 15 are also provided. The bouncing screen 14 is provided at one end of the guide mechanism 12, and its feeding end corresponds to the discharging end of the guide mechanism 12; the material collecting trough 15 is provided below the bouncing screen 14 and the driving force roller. After the rigid structure in the photovoltaic assembly 7 is destroyed, the photovoltaic assembly 7 is transported through the bouncing screen 14. During the transportation process, the bouncing screen 14 generates vibrations to shake off powder materials such as broken glass fragments, and the material collecting trough 15 below collects the fallen powder materials and recycles them as glass materials. At the same time, the glass fragments that fall from the unpowered roller 121 during the removal of the rigid structure can also be collected in the material collecting trough 15.

[0040] The photovoltaic assembly 7 for crushing is composed of a back plate, a first EVA glue, a silicon wafer, a second EVA glue and tempered glass connected in sequence. The back plate side of the photovoltaic assembly 7 is placed downward, and the photovoltaic assembly 7 is conveyed by a transmission mechanism 11. The transmission is stopped after every 10 cm of conveying. When stopping, the photovoltaic assembly 7 is bent and pressed downward by a pressing assembly above the transmission mechanism 11 to break the rigid structure in the photovoltaic assembly 7 into multiple sections in sequence to destroy the rigid part in the photovoltaic assembly 7 and maintain the integrity of the back plate, while the integrity of the non-rigid material is not destroyed. The rigid part in the photovoltaic assembly 7 is connected to the non-rigid part of the photovoltaic assembly 7. The photovoltaic assembly 7 is then conveyed to the bouncing screen 14, and the bouncing screen 14 generates vibration to shake off powder materials such as broken glass fragments. The shaken-off powder materials and glass fragments dropped from the unpowered roller 121 all fall into the material collecting trough 15 and are collected.

[0041] In order to achieve wet unsealing of the photovoltaic module 7 and separate the crushed materials on the backplane, in some embodiments, the wet unsealing module includes a wet unsealing container shell 21, a drum screen 22 and a crushed material conveying screw 23. The wet unsealing container shell 21 is arranged in an inclined manner, and its interior is filled with a wet unsealing solution. The drum screen 22 is centrally arranged at the bottom of the wet unsealing container shell 21, and can filter the crushed materials so that the crushed materials fall between the drum screen 22 and the wet unsealing container shell 21. The drum screen 22 can also rotate under the drive of a motor or other driving parts. The crushed material conveying screw 23 is arranged at the bottom of the drum screen 22, and it can bring out the crushed materials that fall between the drum screen 22 and the wet unsealing container shell 21 through a propeller during rotation.

[0042] During implementation, the backboard of the wound photovoltaic module 7 is located on the inner side of the winding layer, and the wound photovoltaic module 7 is placed in the wet decapsulation container shell 21 containing the wet decapsulation solvent 211. The photovoltaic module 7 is driven to rotate by the rotation of the drum in the container. The drum screen 22 plays a role in stirring the crushed materials during the rotation process, so that the photovoltaic module 7 is fully in contact with the wet decapsulation solvent 211. The EVA glue loses its viscosity after contacting the wet decapsulation solvent 211 in the container, so that the glass, silicon wafer and EVA glue on the backboard fall off under the rotation of the drum. The decapsulation is considered to be completed after the crushed materials are separated from the backboard. After the crushed materials are separated from the photovoltaic module 7, the crushed materials pass through the screen during the rotation of the equipment and fall into the crushed material conveying screw 23, and are taken out by the crushed material conveying screw 23, and then the backboard without adhesion to the glass, silicon wafer and metal is taken out.

[0043] It should be noted that in the present solution, the photovoltaic module 7 is wound and fixed by means of the fixing buckle 5 and the fixing net 6. After the rigidity is removed, the photovoltaic module 7 is fixed to the fixing net 6 by the fixing buckle 5. Finally, the fixing net 6 is wound to realize the winding of the photovoltaic module 7. Among them, 2-3 photovoltaic modules 7 can be fixed on the fixing net 6 at a time.

[0044] In order to achieve screening and classification of various materials in the photovoltaic module 7, in some embodiments, the component separation module 3 includes: a friction cleaning module, a wet leaching module, a screening module, a color sorting module and a material sorting module.

[0045] The friction cleaning module adopts a wet friction, rinsing and dehydration mode to remove the EVA glue attached to the surface of the material, and the wet friction time is not less than 60s. The friction cleaning module includes a friction cleaning machine housing 31, a friction shaft 32 and a friction rotating blade 33. The friction cleaning machine housing 31 is arranged in an inclined manner, and a feeding inlet 311 is set at its lower end, and a discharge port 312 is set at its higher end. After the mixed material and water enter the friction cleaning machine housing 31 from the feeding inlet 311, the mixed material collides and rubs with the friction cleaning structure under the rotation of the friction rotating blade 33. Under this action, the debonded EVA glue is separated from materials such as glass, silicon wafers, and metals. After coming out of the friction cleaning machine and entering the rinse, the EVA is separated by using the characteristic that the density of EVA is lower than that of water. After dehydration, the target material EVA and the sediment are obtained.

[0046] The wet leaching module is used to separate the EVA glue by density separation. Density separation means that during the rinsing process, the EVA glue floats on the surface of the rinsing tank 4 due to its lower density than water, and is separated from the sediment. Specifically, the wet leaching module includes a rinsing tank 4, which corresponds to the discharge port 312 of the friction cleaning machine. The mixed material processed by the friction cleaning machine will fall into the rinsing tank 4 through the discharge port 312. After the sediment enters the leaching tank, it reacts with the solution, the metal material is dissolved, and other materials remain in a solid state. After the reaction is completed, the leachate and the precipitate are taken out. The leachate is the metal-enriched solution, and the precipitate is the crushed material.

[0047] The screening module is used to separate PVF powder, and the screening module comprises a screen, and the screen has a mesh size of ≥500.

[0048] The color sorting module is used to separate silicon wafers with black components; the material sorting module is used to separate PET materials from glass materials. Among them, the color sorting module and the material sorting module both use photoelectric sorting. The color sorting module is a visible light sorting module, which uses optical and electronic technology to distinguish objects according to the different colors (i.e. different wavelengths) of visible light reflected or emitted by them, so as to separate silicon wafers with black components. The material sorting module is a near-infrared sorting module. Mixed materials have different reflectivity and absorptivity in the near-infrared band. These characteristics can be used to distinguish different materials or objects, so as to distinguish PET materials from glass materials.

[0049] Furthermore, the material sorting module and the color sorting module are also respectively connected to the identification module, the air valve control module and the airflow impact separation module. After the material data is collected by the material sorting module and the color sorting module, the identification module receives the collected signal and controls the movement of the airflow impact separation module through the air valve control module, and pushes the corresponding material into the corresponding collection device, thereby separating the silicon wafers and separating the PET materials and the glass materials.

[0050] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper" and "lower" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0051] It should be noted that, in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0052] The specific implementation of the present invention described above does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for separating and recycling photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: providing a photovoltaic module, destroying a rigid part of the photovoltaic module, so that the rigid part of the photovoltaic module is connected to a non-rigid part of the photovoltaic module; S2: placing the photovoltaic module into a wet decapsulation container and soaking it in a wet decapsulation solution, and separating the broken materials of the photovoltaic module during the decapsulation process; S3: Screen out EVA glue, metal-enriched solution, PVF powder, glass and silicon wafers in photovoltaic modules respectively.

2. The method for separating and recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before step S1, the method further includes the following steps: Cut and remove the aluminum frame and wiring frame of waste photovoltaic modules.

3. The method for separating and recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of destroying the rigid part in the photovoltaic module is to mechanically destroy the glass, including rolling or impact.

4. The method for separating and recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of S1 include: Place the back panel of the photovoltaic module downward, use the transmission mechanism to transport the photovoltaic module, and stop after each set distance. When stopping, use the pressing assembly above the transmission mechanism to bend and press the photovoltaic module downward to break the rigid structure in the photovoltaic module into multiple sections in sequence, so as to destroy the rigid part of the photovoltaic module and maintain the integrity of the back panel. The integrity of the non-rigid material is not destroyed, and the rigid part of the photovoltaic module is connected by the non-rigid part of the photovoltaic module.

5. The method for separating and recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 specifically includes the following steps: Remove the debris attached to the surface of the backplane. After the debris is separated from the backplane, the decapsulation is considered complete. The debris is screened out through screening, collected and sent to the next processing module, and then the backplane that is not adhered to the glass, silicon wafer and metal is taken out.

6. The method for separating and recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps of removing the debris attached to the surface of the back plate are: The photovoltaic module is wound up and placed into a container containing a wet desealing solvent. The photovoltaic module is driven to rotate by the rotation of a drum in the container. The EVA glue loses its viscosity after contacting the wet desealing solvent in the container, causing the glass, silicon wafer and EVA glue on the back panel to fall off under the rotation of the drum.

7. The method for separating and recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 specifically includes the following steps: Friction cleaning, wet leaching, screening, color sorting and material sorting are used in sequence to separate the swollen EVA glue, metal-enriched solution, PVF powder, glass and silicon wafers.

8. The method for separating and recycling photovoltaic modules according to claim 7, characterized in that: The friction cleaning adopts a mode of wet friction, rinsing and dehydration to remove the EVA glue attached to the surface of the material, and the wet friction time is not less than 60s; The wet leaching separates the EVA glue by density separation; The screening step is used to separate PVF powder, wherein the screen used to screen the PVF powder is ≥500 mesh; The color sorting is used to separate silicon wafers with black components; The material sorting is used to separate PET material from glass material.

9. A photovoltaic module separation and recovery system, characterized in that: include: A rigid removal module, the rigid removal module is used to destroy the rigid part of the photovoltaic assembly so that the rigid part of the photovoltaic assembly is connected to the non-rigid part of the photovoltaic assembly; A wet decapsulation module, wherein the wet decapsulation module is used to place the photovoltaic module into a wet decapsulation container to soak the photovoltaic module in a wet decapsulation solution, and to separate the broken materials of the photovoltaic module during the decapsulation process; and The component separation module is used to screen out the EVA glue, metal-enriched solution, PVF powder, glass and silicon wafers in the photovoltaic module respectively.

10. The photovoltaic module separation and recovery system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The component separation module comprises: A friction cleaning module, wherein the friction cleaning module adopts a wet friction, rinsing and dehydration mode to remove the EVA glue attached to the surface of the material, and the wet friction time is not less than 60s; A wet leaching module, wherein the wet leaching module is used to separate the EVA glue by density separation; A screening module, wherein the screening module is used to separate PVF powder, wherein the screen used to screen the PVF powder is ≥500 mesh; A color sorting module, the color sorting module is used to separate silicon wafers of black components; and A material sorting module, wherein the material sorting module is used to separate PET material from glass material.

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