A method of delamination of a photovoltaic laminate of a decommissioned photovoltaic module

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic laminated component dissociation method of a decommissioned photovoltaic module, and the method comprises the following steps: step 100, removing the frame and the junction box of the decommissioned photovoltaic module to obtain a photovoltaic laminated component; step 200, placing the photovoltaic laminated component obtained in the step 100 into an electromagnetic induction thermal expansion peeling unit, and making the backboard of the photovoltaic laminated component bulge by the electromagnetic induction thermal effect; step 300, cutting the photovoltaic laminated component with the bulged backboard by laser to obtain a complete glass cover plate, broken silicon cell pieces and a relatively complete backboard; step 400, removing the residual EVA adhesive film on the complete glass cover plate obtained in the step 300 by a high-pressure water jet method; and step 500, crushing and sorting the broken silicon cell pieces obtained in the step 300 to separate silicon powder and copper-tin solder strips. The method is simple, fast, efficient, low in cost, does not use chemical reagents in the process, does not generate waste liquid, has small secondary pollution, and is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of harmless and resourceful disposal of retired photovoltaic modules, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic laminate dissociation method for retired photovoltaic modules. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the aggravation of global warming, green and clean solar photovoltaic power generation gradually increases in the proportion of energy consumption structure, and photovoltaic power generation has become the main body of new energy power generation in China. The large-scale increase in the production and use of photovoltaic products leads to a large-scale increase in retired products in the future. The service life of photovoltaic modules is between 20-25 years. At present, the first generation of photovoltaic modules has entered the scrap period. It is predicted that 105 million tons and 2000 million tons will be reached in 2025 and 2050, respectively.

[0003] Solar photovoltaic modules are mainly composed of silicon cells, cover glass, back plate, aluminum frame, junction box, EVA encapsulation film, etc. Among them, the photovoltaic laminate includes cover glass, back plate and silicon cells, which are bonded into a sandwich structure through the EVA encapsulation layer, and are difficult to separate. The mass of the aluminum frame accounts for about 15% of the mass of the module, and the mass of the cover glass accounts for about 70% of the mass of the module. Both of them account for about 85% in photovoltaic modules, which are the focus of resource utilization. The mass of the silicon cells and the colored metal silver grid electrode and copper tin solder strip thereon accounts for a small proportion, but has high value and high recycling value. Therefore, the retired photovoltaic module is a new type of industrial solid waste with resource and pollution coexisting. How to effectively recycle and utilize the retired photovoltaic modules and avoid secondary environmental pollution in the recycling process is a problem to be solved.

[0004] The resource utilization technology of retired photovoltaic modules mainly includes three stages of frame and junction box disassembly, photovoltaic laminate separation and green recycling of materials. Among them, the rapid and efficient dissociation of photovoltaic laminates is a bottleneck problem.

[0005] The existing photovoltaic laminated method mainly includes physical crushing sorting method, pyrolysis method, solvent dissociation method and hot knife / hot wire separation method. The physical crushing sorting method has large processing capacity and low environmental pollution, but has the problem that various materials in the glass, back plate and cell piece are difficult to fully separate, which easily leads to the resource recycling utilization value of silicon pieces, glass and metal materials being reduced, and even cannot be fully utilized. The pyrolysis method has the advantages of high EVA removal rate and being suitable for large-scale processing, but has the disadvantages of difficult separation of pyrolysis products and waste gas treatment, large energy consumption and low resource utilization rate. The chemical method can theoretically realize complete separation of glass, back plate and cell piece, but has the disadvantages of difficult solvent selection, long peeling time, low efficiency, difficult mass production and large three waste treatment capacity. The hot knife / hot wire separation method can overcome some defects of the physical crushing sorting method, but has the disadvantages of narrow process processing window, low processing efficiency and difficult large-scale automatic production. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to solve the above technical problems, and provide a photovoltaic laminated piece dissociation method of a retired photovoltaic module, which can realize rapid dissociation of the photovoltaic laminated piece, has simple process, low cost and is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present application is realized according to the following technical scheme:

[0008] The present application provides a photovoltaic laminated piece dissociation method of a retired photovoltaic module, which comprises:

[0009] Step 100, removing the frame and junction box of the retired photovoltaic module to obtain a photovoltaic laminated piece;

[0010] Step 200, placing the photovoltaic laminated piece obtained in step 100 into an electromagnetic induction thermal expansion peeling unit, and expanding and bulging the back plate of the photovoltaic laminated piece through electromagnetic induction thermal effect;

[0011] Step 300, cutting the photovoltaic laminated piece with the expanded and bulged back plate through laser cutting to obtain a complete glass cover plate, broken silicon cell piece and relatively complete back plate;

[0012] Step 400, removing the residual EVA adhesive film on the complete glass cover plate obtained in step 300 through high-pressure water jet;

[0013] Step 500, crushing and sorting the broken silicon cell piece obtained in step 300 to separate silicon powder and copper-tin solder strips.

[0014] Preferably, the specific steps of step 200 include: placing the photovoltaic laminate obtained in step 100 into an electromagnetic induction thermal expansion peeling unit, heating the interface metal layer through electromagnetic induction thermal effect, so that a thin layer of EVA film in contact with the interface metal layer is thermally decomposed and gasified, and the high-pressure gas generated by the gasification makes the back plate swell and bulge; wherein the interface metal layer includes silver grid electrodes and aluminum back field on the silicon cell.

[0015] Preferably, in step 200, the interface metal layer is heated through medium frequency induction or high frequency induction.

[0016] Preferably, in step 200, the temperature for heating the interface metal layer through electromagnetic induction thermal effect is 200-300℃, and the speed of the photovoltaic laminate through the magnetic field heating coil is 10-20mm / s; or the temperature for heating the interface metal layer through electromagnetic induction thermal effect is 300-400℃, and the speed of the photovoltaic laminate through the magnetic field heating coil is 20-30mm / s; or the temperature for heating the interface metal layer through electromagnetic induction thermal effect is 400-500℃, and the speed of the photovoltaic laminate through the magnetic field heating coil is 30-40mm / s; or the temperature for heating the interface metal layer through electromagnetic induction thermal effect is 500-600℃, and the speed of the photovoltaic laminate through the magnetic field heating coil is 40-50mm / s.

[0017] Preferably, in step 200, the magnetic induction thermal expansion peeling unit adopts an air atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere.

[0018] Preferably, in step 300, when the photovoltaic laminate with the swelled and bulged back plate is cut through laser, the laser power is 50-100W, and the speed of laser cutting is 50-100mm / s.

[0019] Preferably, in step 400, when the residual EVA film on the complete glass cover plate obtained in step 300 is removed through a high-pressure water jet, the water jet pressure is 50-200MPa, the water jet incidence angle and the included angle with the normal line of the cleaning surface are 10-30 degrees, and the distance from the nozzle to the cleaning surface is 100-300mm.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The application provides a photovoltaic laminated component dissociation method for decommissioned photovoltaic modules, which heats the interface metal layer of the photovoltaic laminated component through electromagnetic induction heat effect, so that only a thin layer of EVA adhesive film in contact with the interface metal layer is thermally decomposed and gasified, only a small amount of polluting gas is generated, and the toxic fluorine-containing gas generated by the back plate under high-temperature decomposition is avoided, thereby reducing the secondary pollution generated in the processing process. The high-pressure gas generated by the thermal decomposition and gasification of the thin layer of EVA adhesive film makes the back plate swell and bulge, and then through laser cutting, the complete glass cover plate, broken silicon battery pieces and relatively complete back plate can be obtained. Compared with the traditional methods of thermal decomposition, solvent dissociation and hot knife / hot wire separation processing, the method has the advantages of simple process, rapid and efficient, low cost, no chemical reagent used in the process, no waste liquid generated, small secondary pollution and more energy saving and environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] The specific embodiments of the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 is a principle flow chart of a photovoltaic laminated component dissociation method for decommissioned photovoltaic modules of the application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a structure diagram of an embodiment of a photovoltaic laminated component dissociation method for decommissioned photovoltaic modules of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should fall within the scope of protection of the application.

[0026] The terms used in the present application are merely for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the specification should be understood as the usual meaning understood by those skilled in the art. The terms "first", "second" and similar terms used in the specification and claims do not represent any order, number or importance, but are only used to distinguish different technical features.

[0027] The preferred embodiments of the application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described here are only used to illustrate and explain the application, and are not intended to limit the application.

[0028] The photovoltaic laminated component dissociation method for decommissioned photovoltaic modules described in the application comprises the following steps:

[0029] Step 100, remove the frame and junction box of the decommissioned photovoltaic module to obtain a photovoltaic laminate.

[0030] It should be noted that the structure of the photovoltaic laminate is in turn glass cover plate, EVA adhesive film, silicon cell, EVA adhesive film and back plate, one side of the silicon cell has a silver grid electrode, and the other side of the silicon cell has an aluminum back field. It can be understood that the aluminum back field refers to an aluminum-silicon alloy layer formed on the back of the photovoltaic cell, which mainly functions as an electrode on the back to collect electrons and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell.

[0031] In one embodiment, the junction box is first removed by a pneumatic spade and then automatically collected, and then the aluminum frame on four sides is removed at the same time by a pneumatic clamp.

[0032] Step 200, place the photovoltaic laminate obtained in step 100 into an electromagnetic induction thermal expansion peeling unit, and expand and bulge the back plate of the photovoltaic laminate through electromagnetic induction heating effect.

[0033] Specifically, the photovoltaic laminate obtained in step 100 is placed into an electromagnetic induction thermal expansion peeling unit, and the interface metal layer is heated through electromagnetic induction heating effect, so that a thin layer of EVA adhesive film in contact with the interface metal layer is thermally decomposed and gasified, and the high-pressure gas generated by the gasification makes the back plate expand and bulge, wherein the interface metal layer includes the silver grid electrode on the silicon cell and the aluminum back field.

[0034] It can be understood that the photovoltaic laminate treated by step 100 is placed into an electromagnetic induction thermal expansion peeling unit, and the photovoltaic laminate passes through the alternating magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic induction coil at a certain speed, and the alternating magnetic field generates induced eddy current in the interface metal conductor to heat the interface metal layer instantaneously. The heating temperature of the interface metal layer and the speed of the photovoltaic laminate passing through the magnetic field coil are set, and at this temperature and speed, the EVA adhesive film on the contact surface of the silver grid electrode on the silicon cell and the aluminum back field is instantaneously pyrolyzed and gasified, and the high-pressure gas generated makes the back plate form an expansion bulge, so as to subsequently separate the glass cover plate, the silicon cell and the back plate. In this process, only a thin layer of EVA adhesive film in contact with the interface metal layer is thermally decomposed and gasified, only a small amount of polluting gas is generated, and at the same time, the highly toxic fluorine-containing gas generated by the decomposition of the back plate at high temperature is avoided, and the secondary pollution generated in the process is reduced. And the whole process does not use chemical reagents, and will not produce waste liquid.

[0035] Preferably, in step 200, the interface metal layer is heated by medium frequency induction or high frequency induction. In this way, rapid heating of the interface metal layer can be achieved, and the energy conversion efficiency of induction heating is high, which is more energy-efficient.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, in step 200, the temperature of the interface metal layer is heated to 200-300°C by electromagnetic induction heating effect, and the speed of the photovoltaic laminate passing through the magnetic field heating coil is 10-20 mm / s.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, in step 200, the temperature of the interface metal layer is heated to 300-400°C by electromagnetic induction heating effect, and the speed of the photovoltaic laminate passing through the magnetic field heating coil is 20-30 mm / s.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, in step 200, the temperature of the interface metal layer is heated to 400-500°C by electromagnetic induction heating effect, and the speed of the photovoltaic laminate passing through the magnetic field heating coil is 30-40 mm / s.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, in step 200, the temperature of the interface metal layer is heated to 500-600°C by electromagnetic induction heating effect, and the speed of the photovoltaic laminate passing through the magnetic field heating coil is 40-50 mm / s.

[0040] Preferably, in step 200, the magnetic induction thermal expansion stripping unit uses an air atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere. An air atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere can improve heating efficiency and speed, reduce oxidation and pollution, and enhance safety.

[0041] Step 300: The photovoltaic laminate with bulging backsheet is laser-cut to obtain a complete glass cover, broken silicon cells and a relatively complete backsheet.

[0042] It should be noted that because the portion of the EVA film 5-10mm from the edge of the photovoltaic laminate does not contact the conductor in the metal interface layer, this portion of the EVA film is tightly bonded to the backsheet and glass cover. Therefore, the bulging backsheet is separated by laser cutting, achieving a backsheet removal rate of over 95%. Only a backsheet of approximately 10-15mm width remains around the photovoltaic laminate. A robotic arm then picks up and collects the separated backsheet, followed by a pneumatic scraper to separate and collect the silicon solar cells, interconnecting ribbons, busbars, and glass cover beneath the backsheet. This yields a complete glass cover, broken silicon solar cells, and a relatively intact backsheet. "Relatively intact backsheet" means the separated backsheet achieves a high level of integrity, but may not be perfect or absolutely intact.

[0043] Preferably, in step 300, when laser cutting the photovoltaic laminate with the backplate expansion bulge, the laser power is 50-100W and the laser cutting speed is 50-100mm / s.

[0044] Step 400: Remove the residual EVA film on the complete glass cover obtained in step 300 by high-pressure water jet.

[0045] It should be noted that after removing the residual EVA film from the glass cover, the EVA film particles in the clean water are collected and disposed of through a filtration device, and the water is then returned to the front end for recycling. The clean glass cover can be recycled, which is environmentally friendly.

[0046] Preferably, in step 400, when removing the residual EVA film on the complete glass cover obtained in step 300 by means of high-pressure water jet, the water jet pressure is 50-200 MPa, the angle between the water jet injection angle and the normal of the cleaning surface is 10-30 degrees, and the distance from the nozzle to the cleaning surface is 100-300 mm.

[0047] Step 500: The broken silicon solar cells obtained in step 300 are broken and sorted to separate silicon powder and copper-tin solder strips.

[0048] Therefore, this invention provides a method for dissociating photovoltaic (PV) laminates from retired PV modules. By heating the interfacial metal layer of the PV laminate through electromagnetic induction heating, only a thin layer of EVA film in contact with the interfacial metal layer undergoes thermal decomposition and vaporization, producing only a small amount of polluting gas. This method avoids the highly toxic fluorine-containing gases produced by the high-temperature decomposition of the backsheet, reducing secondary pollution during processing. The high-pressure gas generated by the thermally decomposed and vaporized thin layer of EVA film causes the backsheet to expand and bulge. Subsequently, laser cutting yields a complete glass cover, broken silicon solar cells, and a relatively intact backsheet. Compared to traditional methods such as thermal decomposition, solvent decomposition, and hot knife / hot wire separation, this method is simple, fast, efficient, and low-cost. Furthermore, it does not use chemical reagents, produces no waste liquid, has minimal secondary pollution, and is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0049] In a practical application scenario, the specifications of retired photovoltaic modules are shown in the table below:

[0050]

[0051] In a specific embodiment, first, the intelligent manipulator is used for loading, the conveyor belt is automatically transported, the standard crystalline silicon photovoltaic module size commonly used in photovoltaic power stations is selected as 1640x992x40mm, the photovoltaic laminated part is automatically positioned through a laser sensor, the junction box is first removed by a pneumatic spade and is automatically collected, then a pneumatic clamp is used to remove the aluminum frame on four sides at the same time to obtain the core photovoltaic laminated part, the structure of which is in turn glass cover plate, EVA film, silver grid electrode, silicon cell, aluminum back field, EVA film and back plate, then the photovoltaic laminated part is placed into an electromagnetic induction thermal expansion stripping unit, the interface metal layer temperature is set to 300℃, the transmission speed of the photovoltaic laminated part is adjusted to 10mm / s, the interface metal of the photovoltaic laminated part is sequentially heated to 300℃ when the photovoltaic laminated part passes through the electromagnetic induction coil, when the EVA film in contact with it is pyrolyzed and gasified to make the back plate bulge, it is placed into a laser cutting separation unit to fix the photovoltaic laminated part, the laser cutting rate is set to 50mm / s, 2 vertical and horizontal cutting lines, the vertical cutting length is the physical length of the photovoltaic module 1640mm, the horizontal length is the physical width of the photovoltaic module 992mm, the vertical and horizontal cutting lines are about 10mm away from the edge of the photovoltaic laminated part, the intelligent manipulator is used to remove and collect the back plate of the photovoltaic laminated part, then the pneumatic spade is used to separate and collect the silicon cell, copper interconnection strip and busbar and cover glass under the back plate, realizing the complete separation of the cover glass, back plate and silicon cell, finally the complete glass cover plate with residual EVA film is taken out and placed into a high-pressure water jet cleaning unit, the water pressure is set to 80MPa, the nozzle distance from the photovoltaic glass plane is set to 100mm, the water flow incidence angle is set to 10℃ between the incidence angle and the normal line of the cleaning surface, the residual EVA glue is removed by the impact of the high-pressure water jet, then the EVA film particles in the clean water are collected and disposed through a filter device, the water is returned to the front end for recycling, the complete and clean glass cover plate is obtained for recycling, the silicon cell is crushed and gravity sorted, and the separated silicon powder and copper tin solder strip are recycled and regenerated.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, first, the intelligent manipulator is used for loading, the conveyor belt is automatically transported, the standard crystalline silicon photovoltaic module size of 1640x992x40mm commonly used in photovoltaic power stations is selected, the photovoltaic laminated part is automatically positioned through a laser sensor, then the junction box is first removed by a pneumatic spade and automatically collected, then a pneumatic clamp is used to remove the aluminum frame on four sides at the same time to obtain the core photovoltaic laminated part, the structure of which is in turn glass cover plate, EVA film, silver grid electrode, silicon cell, aluminum back field, EVA film and back plate, then the photovoltaic laminated part is placed into an electromagnetic induction thermal expansion stripping unit, the interface metal layer temperature is set to 350℃, the transmission speed of the photovoltaic laminated part is adjusted to 20mm / s, and the interface metal of the photovoltaic laminated part is sequentially heated to 350℃ when the photovoltaic laminated part passes through the electromagnetic induction coil, when the EVA film in contact with it is pyrolyzed and gasified to make the back plate bulge, it is placed into a laser cutting separation unit to fix the photovoltaic laminated part, the laser cutting rate is set to 70mm / s, 2 vertical and horizontal cutting lines, the vertical cutting length is the physical length of the photovoltaic module 1640mm, the horizontal length is the physical width of the photovoltaic module 992mm, the vertical and horizontal cutting lines are about 10mm away from the edge of the photovoltaic laminated part, the intelligent manipulator is used to remove and collect the back plate of the photovoltaic laminated part, then the pneumatic spade is used to separate and collect the silicon cell, copper interconnection strip and busbar and cover glass under the back plate, realizing the complete separation of the cover glass, back plate and silicon cell, finally the complete glass cover plate with residual EVA film is taken out and placed into a high-pressure water jet cleaning unit, the water pressure is set to 100MPa, the nozzle distance from the photovoltaic glass plane is 100mm, the water flow incidence angle is 10℃, the residual EVA glue is removed by the impact of high-pressure water jet, then the EVA film particles in the clean water are collected and disposed through a filter device, the water is returned to the front end for recycling, the complete and clean glass cover plate is obtained for recycling, the silicon cell is crushed and gravity sorted, and the separated silicon powder and copper tin solder strip are recycled and regenerated.

[0053] In a specific embodiment, first, the intelligent manipulator is used for loading, the conveyor belt is automatically transported, the standard crystalline silicon photovoltaic module size of 1640x992x40mm commonly used in photovoltaic power stations is selected, the photovoltaic laminated part is automatically positioned through a laser sensor, then the junction box is first removed by a pneumatic spade and automatically collected, then a pneumatic clamp is used to remove the aluminum frame on four sides at the same time to obtain the core photovoltaic laminated part, the structure of which is in turn glass cover plate, EVA film, silver grid electrode, silicon cell, aluminum back field, EVA film and back plate, then the photovoltaic laminated part is placed into an electromagnetic induction thermal expansion stripping unit, the interface metal layer temperature is set to 400℃, the transmission speed of the photovoltaic laminated part is adjusted to 40mm / s, and the interface metal of the photovoltaic laminated part is sequentially heated to 400℃ when the photovoltaic laminated part passes through the electromagnetic induction coil, when the EVA film in contact with it is pyrolyzed and gasified to make the back plate bulge, it is placed into a laser cutting separation unit to fix the photovoltaic laminated part, the laser cutting rate is set to 60mm / s, 2 vertical and horizontal cutting lines, the vertical cutting length is the physical length of the photovoltaic module 1640mm, the horizontal length is the physical width of the photovoltaic module 992mm, the vertical and horizontal cutting lines are about 10mm away from the edge of the photovoltaic laminated part, the intelligent manipulator is used to remove and collect the back plate of the photovoltaic laminated part, then the pneumatic spade is used to separate and collect the silicon cell, copper interconnection strip and busbar and cover glass under the back plate, realizing the complete separation of the cover glass, back plate and silicon cell, finally the complete glass cover plate with residual EVA film is taken out and placed into a high-pressure water jet cleaning unit, the water pressure is set to 10MPa, the nozzle distance from the photovoltaic glass plane is set to 150mm, the water flow incidence angle is set to 20℃, the residual EVA glue is removed by the impact of high-pressure water jet, then the EVA film particles in the clean water are collected and disposed through a filter device, the water is returned to the front end for recycling, the complete and clean glass cover plate is obtained for recycling, the silicon cell is crushed and gravity sorted, and the separated silicon powder and copper tin solder strip are recycled and regenerated.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, first, the intelligent manipulator is used for loading, the conveyor belt is automatically transported, the standard crystalline silicon photovoltaic module size of 1640x992x40mm commonly used in photovoltaic power stations is selected, the photovoltaic laminated part is automatically positioned through a laser sensor, then the junction box is first removed by a pneumatic spade and automatically collected, then a pneumatic clamp is used to remove the aluminum frame on four sides at the same time to obtain the core photovoltaic laminated part, the structure of which is in turn glass cover plate, EVA film, silver grid electrode, silicon cell, aluminum back field, EVA film and back plate, then the photovoltaic laminated part is placed into an electromagnetic induction thermal expansion stripping unit, the interface metal layer temperature is set to 500℃, the transmission speed of the photovoltaic laminated part is adjusted to 40mm / s, the interface metal of the photovoltaic laminated part is sequentially heated to 500℃ when the photovoltaic laminated part passes through the electromagnetic induction coil, when the EVA film in contact with it pyrolyzes and gasifies to make the back plate bulge, it is placed into a laser cutting separation unit to fix the photovoltaic laminated part, the laser cutting rate is set to 80mm / s, 2 longitudinal and transverse cutting lines, the longitudinal cutting length is the physical length of the photovoltaic module 1640mm, the transverse length is the physical width of the photovoltaic module 992mm, the longitudinal and transverse cutting lines are about 10mm away from the edge of the photovoltaic laminated part, the intelligent manipulator is used to remove and collect the back plate of the photovoltaic laminated part, then the pneumatic spade is used to separate and collect the silicon cell, copper interconnection strip and busbar and cover glass under the back plate, realizing the complete separation of the cover glass, back plate and silicon cell, finally the complete glass cover plate with residual EVA film is taken out and placed into a high-pressure water jet cleaning unit, the water pressure is set to 200MPa, the nozzle distance from the photovoltaic glass plane is set to 200mm, the water flow incidence angle is set to 30℃, the residual EVA glue is removed by the impact of high-pressure water jet, then the EVA film particles in the clean water are collected and disposed through a filter device, the water is returned to the front end for recycling, the complete and clean glass cover plate is obtained for recycling, the silicon cell is crushed and gravity sorted, and the separated silicon powder and copper tin solder strip are recycled and regenerated.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, first, the intelligent manipulator is used for loading, the conveyor belt is automatically transported, the size of the standard crystalline silicon photovoltaic module commonly used in photovoltaic power stations is selected as 1640*992*40mm, the photovoltaic laminated part is automatically positioned through a laser sensor, then the junction box is first removed by a pneumatic spade and is automatically collected, then a pneumatic clamp is used to remove the aluminum frame on four sides at the same time to obtain the core photovoltaic laminated part, the structure of which is in turn glass cover plate, EVA adhesive film, silver grid electrode, silicon cell, aluminum back field, EVA adhesive film and back plate, then the photovoltaic laminated part is placed into an electromagnetic induction heat expansion stripping unit, inert nitrogen is filled into the inside, the interface metal temperature is set to 600℃, the transmission speed of the photovoltaic laminated part is adjusted to 50mm / s, the interface metal of the photovoltaic laminated part is sequentially heated to 600℃ when the photovoltaic laminated part passes through the electromagnetic induction coil, when the back plate is inflated due to the pyrolysis and gasification of the EVA adhesive film in contact with it, the photovoltaic laminated part is fixed in a laser cutting separation unit, the laser cutting rate is set to 100mm / s, two cutting lines are set in the longitudinal and transverse directions, the longitudinal cutting length is the physical length of the photovoltaic module, that is, 1640mm, the transverse length is the physical width of the photovoltaic module, that is, 992mm, the longitudinal and transverse cutting lines are about 10mm away from the edge of the photovoltaic laminated part, the photovoltaic laminated part back plate is removed and collected by using an intelligent manipulator, then the silicon cell, copper interconnection strip and busbar and cover glass under the back plate are separated and collected by using a pneumatic spade, the complete separation of the cover glass, back plate and silicon cell is realized, finally, the complete glass cover plate with residual EVA adhesive film is taken out and placed into a high-pressure water jet cleaning unit, the water pressure is set to 200MPa, the nozzle distance from the photovoltaic glass plane is set to 250mm, the water flow incidence angle is set to 20℃, the residual EVA adhesive is removed by the impact of the high-pressure water jet, then the EVA adhesive particles in the clean water are collected and disposed by a filter device, the water is returned to the front end for recycling, the complete and clean glass cover plate is obtained for recycling, the silicon cell is crushed and gravity sorted, and the separated silicon powder and copper-tin solder strip are recycled and regenerated.

[0056] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any form. Any modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiment without departing from the technical solution content of the present application, according to the technical essence of the present application, all still belong to the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of delamination of a photovoltaic laminate of a decommissioned photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The method comprises: Step 100, removing the frame and junction box of the decommissioned photovoltaic module to obtain a photovoltaic laminate; Step 200, placing the photovoltaic laminate obtained in step 100 into an electromagnetic induction thermal expansion peeling unit, and making the backsheet of the photovoltaic laminate bulge by electromagnetic induction thermal effect; Step 300, obtaining an intact glass cover plate, broken silicon cell pieces and a relatively intact backsheet by laser cutting of the backsheet bulged photovoltaic laminate; Step 400, removing the EVA adhesive film remaining on the intact glass cover plate obtained in step 300 by high-pressure water jet; Step 500, crushing and sorting the broken silicon cell pieces obtained in step 300 to separate silicon powder and copper-tin solder strips.

2. A method of delamination of a photovoltaic laminate of a decommissioned photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of step 200 include: Placing the photovoltaic laminate obtained in step 100 into an electromagnetic induction thermal expansion peeling unit, heating the interface metal layer by electromagnetic induction thermal effect, and thermally decomposing and gasifying a thin layer of EVA adhesive film in contact with the interface metal layer, so that the backsheet bulges due to the high-pressure gas generated by gasification; The interface metal layer includes silver grid electrodes and aluminum back field on the silicon cell pieces.

3. The photovoltaic laminate disintegration method of the decommissioned photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 200, the interface metal layer is heated by medium-frequency induction or high-frequency induction.

4. The photovoltaic laminate disintegration method of the decommissioned photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 200, the temperature for heating the interface metal layer by electromagnetic induction thermal effect is 200-300℃, and the speed of the photovoltaic laminate passing through the magnetic field heating coil is 10-20mm / s; Alternatively, the temperature for heating the interface metal layer by electromagnetic induction thermal effect is 300-400℃, and the speed of the photovoltaic laminate passing through the magnetic field heating coil is 20-30mm / s; Alternatively, the temperature for heating the interface metal layer by electromagnetic induction thermal effect is 400-500℃, and the speed of the photovoltaic laminate passing through the magnetic field heating coil is 30-40mm / s; Alternatively, the temperature for heating the interface metal layer by electromagnetic induction thermal effect is 500-600℃, and the speed of the photovoltaic laminate passing through the magnetic field heating coil is 40-50mm / s.

5. The photovoltaic laminate disintegration method of the decommissioned photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 200, the magnetic induction thermal expansion peeling unit adopts an air atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere.

6. The photovoltaic laminate disintegration method of the decommissioned photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 300, when the backsheet bulged photovoltaic laminate is cut by laser, the laser power is 50-100W, and the laser cutting speed is 50-100mm / s.

7. The photovoltaic laminate disintegration method of the decommissioned photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 400, the EVA adhesive film remaining on the complete glass cover plate obtained in step 300 is removed by means of a high-pressure water jet, the water jet pressure is 50-200 MPa, the water jet incidence angle and the included angle between the normal line of the cleaning surface are 10-30 degrees, and the distance from the nozzle to the cleaning surface is 100-300 mm.

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