Photovoltaic module
By forming recesses and setting porous nano-silica film layers on the surface of the glass cover of photovoltaic modules, the problem of glass cover fragility is solved, the impact resistance is enhanced, and the service life of photovoltaic modules is extended.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-07
AI Technical Summary
The glass cover of a photovoltaic module is prone to cracking or breaking when subjected to impact, which affects the normal operation and lifespan of the module.
Multiple inwardly recessed portions are formed on the first surface of the glass cover plate, and a porous nano-silica film layer is set on them to enhance structural strength, disperse stress concentration, and improve impact resistance.
Without increasing the thickness and weight of the glass cover, the impact resistance of the glass cover is significantly improved, the risk of cracking and breakage is reduced, and the service life of the photovoltaic module is extended.
Smart Images
Figure CN121815756A_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] This application is a divisional application. The original application has the application number 202411008404.5 and the original application date is July 25, 2024. The entire contents of the original application are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field
[0002] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic cell technology, and more particularly to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology
[0003] Photovoltaic modules convert solar energy into electrical energy by absorbing sunlight. A photovoltaic module includes components such as a glass cover, encapsulating film, solar cells, and a backsheet. The glass cover is located on the top layer of the photovoltaic module. When hail or other objects fall onto the surface of the glass cover, the impact can easily cause cracks or even breakage, thus affecting the normal operation of the photovoltaic module. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This application provides a photovoltaic module designed to improve the structural strength of the glass cover and extend the service life of the photovoltaic module.
[0005] This application provides a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module including a glass cover plate, the glass cover plate comprising: The glass body has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the glass cover plate. The first surface is the side away from the battery pack. The first surface is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed recesses, and the recesses located at the edge are spaced apart from the edge of the glass body. The depth D1 of the recessed portion satisfies: 10μm≤D1≤30μm; The distance D3 between the recess located at the edge and the edge of the glass body satisfies: 2mm≤D3≤6.5mm.
[0006] In one possible design, along the thickness direction of the glass cover, the ratio of the depth D1 of the recess to the thickness D2 of the glass body satisfies: 0.005≤D1 / D2≤0.015.
[0007] In one possible design, the cross-section of the recess gradually decreases along the direction from the first surface to the second surface.
[0008] In one possible design, the cross-section of the recess along the thickness direction of the glass cover is one or more of the following: circular, triangular, rectangular, and polygonal.
[0009] In one possible design, the glass cover plate further includes a porous nano-silica film layer disposed on the first surface.
[0010] In one possible design, the refractive index of the porous nano-silica film is 1.28-1.30; The thickness of the porous nano-silica film is 100 nm-130 nm.
[0011] In one possible design, the glass cover also includes a dense silica film and a porous nano silica film. The dense silica film is disposed on the first surface, and the porous nano silica film is disposed on the dense silica film.
[0012] In one possible design, the refractive index of the porous nano-silica film is 1.18-1.20, and the thickness of the porous nano-silica film is 100nm-120nm. The refractive index of the dense silicon dioxide film is 1.38-1.40, and the thickness of the dense silicon dioxide film is 70nm-90nm.
[0013] In one possible design, the photovoltaic module includes a first cover plate, a first encapsulant film, a battery pack, a second encapsulant film, and a second cover plate stacked together, wherein the first cover plate is the glass cover plate, or the first cover plate and the second cover plate are the glass cover plate; The battery pack includes multiple electrically connected battery cells.
[0014] In this embodiment, embossing is performed on the first surface to form multiple inwardly recessed portions. Without increasing the thickness or weight of the glass cover, the structural strength of the glass cover is enhanced, and stress is dispersed (stress is concentrated at the edges of the recesses, reducing stress concentration and lowering the stress concentration level of the glass cover), thereby improving the impact resistance of the glass cover, reducing the risk of cracks or breakage from impacts, and contributing to extending the lifespan of both the glass cover and the photovoltaic module.
[0015] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the photovoltaic module provided in this application in a specific embodiment; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the glass body provided in this application in a specific embodiment; Figure 3This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the glass body provided in this application in another specific embodiment; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the glass body provided in this application in another specific embodiment; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the glass body provided in this application in another specific embodiment; Figure 6 This is a top view of the glass body provided in this application; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the glass cover plate provided in this application in a specific embodiment; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the glass body provided in this application in another specific embodiment; Figure 9 The transmittance curves of the glass body provided in this application are shown for uncoated, single-coated, and double-coated conditions.
[0017] Figure label: 1- Photovoltaic modules; 11-Glass cover; 111 - Glass body; 111a - First surface; 111a1 - Depression; 111a2 - Edge position; 111b - Second surface; 111c - Edge; 112-Porous nano-silica film; 113-Dense silica film; 12 - First cover plate; 13-First adhesive film; 14-Battery pack; 15 - Second film; 16 - Second cover plate.
[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To better understand the technical solution of this application, the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0020] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments in this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0021] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0022] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.
[0023] It should be noted that the directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" described in the embodiments of this application are used to describe the angles shown in the accompanying drawings and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, in the context, it should be understood that when it is mentioned that an element is connected "upper" or "lower" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower," or indirectly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower" through an intermediate element.
[0024] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module 1. The photovoltaic module 1 includes a first cover plate 12, a first encapsulating film 13, a battery pack 14, a second encapsulating film 15, and a second cover plate 16, all stacked together. That is, the photovoltaic module 1 is composed of a first cover plate 12, a first encapsulating film 13, a battery pack 14, a second encapsulating film 15, and a second cover plate 16 laminated and encapsulated. The photovoltaic module 1 can be a single-glass module, where the first cover plate 12 is a glass cover plate 11 facing the light source, used to transmit sunlight. Alternatively, the photovoltaic module 1 can be a double-glass module, where both the first cover plate 12 and the second cover plate 16 are glass cover plates 11 facing the light source, used to transmit sunlight.
[0025] During the lamination process of photovoltaic module 1, the first adhesive film 13 and the second adhesive film 15 are used to encapsulate the battery pack 14 to prevent the external environment from affecting the performance of the battery pack 14. At the same time, they can also bond the first cover plate 12, the second cover plate 16 and the battery pack 14 into a whole.
[0026] The first adhesive film 13 and the second adhesive film 15 can be made of the same or different materials. For example, the first adhesive film 13 and the second adhesive film 15 can be made of one of the following materials: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyolefin elastomer (POE), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), etc., or they can be EPE film (EVA-POE-EVA co-extrusion structure) or EP film (EVA-EP co-extrusion structure).
[0027] The battery pack 14 includes multiple electrically connected battery cells. Specifically, the battery pack 14 includes multiple battery strings connected in series or in parallel, each battery string being composed of multiple battery cells connected in series, with adjacent battery cells connected by solder strips.
[0028] This embodiment does not limit the structure of the battery cell. The types of battery cells include, but are not limited to, passivated emitter rear cell (PERC), tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon), intrinsic thin-film heterojunction (HJT), interdigitated back contact (IBC), perovskite battery, etc.
[0029] For PERC cells, along their thickness direction, the PERC cell sequentially includes a front-surface silver electrode, a front-surface silicon nitride passivation layer, a phosphorus emitter layer, a P-type substrate silicon layer, a localized aluminum back field, a metallic aluminum back electrode, and a back passivation layer (Al2O3 / SiNx). PERC cells use a passivation film to passivate the back side, replacing the all-aluminum back field, enhancing light reflection within the silicon substrate, reducing the recombination rate on the back side, and improving the cell efficiency by 0.5%-1%.
[0030] For TOPCon cells, along their thickness direction, the TOPCon cell sequentially includes a silver electrode, a front-surface silicon nitride passivation layer, a boron-doped emitter, an N-type substrate silicon layer, a diffused doped layer, an ultrathin silicon oxide layer, doped polycrystalline silicon, silicon nitride, and the silver electrode. The back of the cell consists of an ultrathin silicon oxide layer (1nm~2nm) and a phosphorus-doped microcrystalline amorphous mixed Si film, which together form a passivation contact structure. This structure can block minority carrier recombination, increasing the cell's open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. The ultrathin oxide layer allows majority carrier electrons to tunnel into the polycrystalline silicon layer while blocking minority carrier recombination. The excellent passivation effect of the ultrathin silicon oxide and heavily doped silicon film causes band bending on the silicon wafer surface, resulting in a field passivation effect. This significantly increases the probability of electron tunneling, reduces contact resistance, and improves the cell's open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current, thereby increasing the cell's conversion efficiency.
[0031] For an HJT cell, along its thickness direction, the HJT cell sequentially includes a front low-temperature silver electrode, a front conductive film, an N-type amorphous silicon film, an intrinsic amorphous silicon film, an N-type substrate silicon layer, an intrinsic amorphous silicon film, a P-type amorphous silicon film, a back conductive film, and a back low-temperature silver electrode.
[0032] For an IBC cell, along its thickness direction, it sequentially includes a silicon nitride anti-reflection layer, an N+ front surface field, an N-type substrate silicon layer, a P+ emitter, an N+ back field, an aluminum oxide passivation layer, a silicon nitride anti-reflection layer, and a silver electrode. IBC cells utilize ion implantation technology to obtain P- and N-regions with good uniformity and precisely controllable junction depth. The absence of grid lines on the front side eliminates light-blocking current loss from the metal electrodes, maximizing the utilization of incident photons and improving short-circuit current by approximately 7% compared to conventional solar cells. Due to its back-contact structure, grid line shading is not a concern, allowing for a wider grid line ratio, thus reducing series resistance and achieving a high fill factor. Optimized design of surface passivation and light-trapping structures can be achieved, resulting in lower front-surface recombination rates and surface reflection.
[0033] For a perovskite solar cell, along its thickness direction, it sequentially comprises a substrate material, a conductive thin film, an electron transport layer (titanium dioxide), a perovskite absorption layer (hole transport layer), and a metal cathode. Perovskite materials possess a high light absorption coefficient and a long carrier diffusion distance. After the photons absorbed by the perovskite material are converted into electrons, they are easily collected by the electrodes with minimal loss, thus generating high photogenerated voltage and current, resulting in high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
[0034] The solar cells can adopt a multi-busbar scheme, which can shorten the current conduction path, reduce internal losses and thus improve the power of the photovoltaic module 1, while also reducing the cost of the photovoltaic module 1; or a busbarless scheme can be adopted, in which the solder ribbon replaces the original busbar and is directly connected to the fine grid, which can significantly reduce the silver paste consumption and thus reduce the cost of the photovoltaic module 1.
[0035] The structure of the glass cover (first cover / first cover and second cover) will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0036] like Figure 2 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the glass body 111 in one embodiment. The glass cover 11 includes the glass body 111. Along the thickness direction Z of the glass cover 11, the glass body 111 has a first surface 111a and a second surface 111b disposed opposite to each other. The first surface 111a is the light-facing surface of the glass body 111 away from the battery pack 14, located on the outermost side of the photovoltaic module 1. Therefore, the first surface 111a is susceptible to impact, which can cause the glass cover 11 to crack or even break.
[0037] Therefore, in this embodiment, the first surface 111a of the glass cover plate 11 is stamped to form multiple reinforcing structures on the first surface 111a. Specifically, the first surface 111a is embossed to form multiple inwardly recessed portions 111a1.
[0038] This embodiment enhances the structural strength of the glass body 111 without increasing its thickness or weight by providing a recess 111a1 on the first surface 111a. It also disperses stress (concentrating stress at the edge of the recess 111a1, reducing stress concentration, and lowering the stress concentration level of the glass body 111), thereby improving the impact resistance of the glass body 111 and reducing the risk of cracks or breakage caused by impact. This is beneficial for extending the lifespan of the glass cover 11 and the photovoltaic module 1.
[0039] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the recessed portion 111a1 is formed by stamping on the first surface 111a of the glass body 111, with a portion of the structure of the first surface 111a recessed towards the second surface 111b. It is not formed by providing a protruding structure on the first surface 111a and then stamping a recess into the protruding structure to form the recessed portion 111a1, nor is it formed by providing a protruding portion on the first surface 111a and then recessing between adjacent protruding portions to form the recessed portion 111a1.
[0040] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 2 Along the thickness direction Z of the glass cover plate 11, the ratio of the depth D1 of the recess 111a1 to the thickness D2 of the glass body 111 satisfies: 0.005≤D1 / D2≤0.015.
[0041] For example, the ratio of the depth D1 of the recess 111a1 to the thickness D2 of the glass body 111 can be 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009, 0.010, 0.011, 0.012, 0.013, 0.014, 0.015, etc.
[0042] In this embodiment, the ratio of the depth D1 of the recess 111a1 to the thickness D2 of the glass body 111 should not be too large or too small. If D1 / D2 is too large (e.g., greater than 0.015), the depth of the recess 111a1 is too large, resulting in a thinner glass body 111 structure below the recess 111a1, which reduces the strength of this part of the structure and may cause it to break under pressure during lamination. If D1 / D2 is too small (e.g., less than 0.005), the depth of the recess 111a1 is too small, resulting in an insignificant improvement in impact resistance between the first surface 111a of the glass body 111 without the recess 111a1 and with the recess 111a1.
[0043] Therefore, when the ratio of the depth D1 of the recess 111a1 to the thickness D2 of the glass body 111 satisfies 0.005≤D1 / D2≤0.015, it can enhance the impact resistance of the first surface 111a of the glass body 111 while also ensuring the structural strength of the glass body 111 below the recess 111a1.
[0044] The depth D1 of the recess 111a1 satisfies: 10μm≤D1≤30μm.
[0045] For example, the depth D1 of the recess 111a1 can be 10μm, 12μm, 14μm, 16μm, 18μm, 20μm, 22μm, 24μm, 26μm, 28μm, 30μm, etc.
[0046] In this embodiment, the depth D1 of the recess 111a1 should not be too large or too small. If D1 is too large (e.g., greater than 30 μm), the glass body 111 structure below the recess 111a1 will be thinner, reducing the strength of this part of the structure and potentially causing it to break under pressure during lamination. If D1 is too small (e.g., less than 10 μm), the improvement in impact resistance between the first surface 111a of the glass body 111 without the recess 111a1 and with the recess 111a1 will not be significant.
[0047] Therefore, when the depth D1 of the recess 111a1 satisfies 10μm≤D1≤30μm, it can enhance the impact resistance of the first surface 111a of the glass body 111 while also ensuring the structural strength of the glass body 111 below the recess 111a1.
[0048] For further information, please continue to refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 There is a gap D3 between the recess 111a1 at the edge position 111a2 and the edge 111c of the glass body 111. The edge 111c refers to the outer periphery of the first surface 111a, and the edge position 111a2 refers to the edge position 111a2 of the area containing the multiple recesses 111a1 on the first surface 111a (represented by the dashed box in the figure). The recess 111a1 at the edge position 111a2 refers to the outermost recess 111a1 among the multiple recesses 111a1. In this embodiment, the edge 111c of the glass body 111 does not have a recess 111a1 to avoid the edge 111c of the glass body 111 being notched, ensuring that the edge 111c of the glass body 111 has the original thickness of the glass body 111, thus guaranteeing the connection strength between the edge position 111a2 of the photovoltaic module 1 and the frame.
[0049] Specifically, the distance D3 between the recess 111a1 at the edge position 111a2 and the edge 111c of the glass body 111 satisfies: 2mm≤D3≤8.5mm.
[0050] For example, the distance D3 between the recess 111a1 at the edge position 111a2 and the edge 111c of the glass body 111 can be 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, 7.5mm, 8mm, 8.5mm, etc.
[0051] In this embodiment, the distance D3 between the recess 111a1 at the edge position 111a2 and the edge 111c of the glass body 111 should not be too large. If D3 is too large (e.g., greater than 8.5 mm), the distance between the recess 111a1 at the edge position 111a2 on the first surface 111a and the edge 111c of the first surface 111a will be large, resulting in a large area on the first surface 111a where the recess 111a1 is not provided, which will affect the structural strength of the area of the first surface 111a near the edge 111c.
[0052] Meanwhile, in this embodiment, 2mm≤D3 is specified to allow for an error value in the processing of the recess 111a1 located at the edge position 111a2, so as to avoid the edge 111c of the glass body 111 being notched due to processing errors.
[0053] Alternatively, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the glass body 111 in another embodiment. In some embodiments, the entire first surface 111a of the glass body 111 may be provided with recesses 111a1. That is, the distance D3 between the recess 111a1 located at the edge position 111a2 and the edge 111c of the glass body 111 satisfies: 0mm ≤ D3 ≤ 8.5mm. However, in this embodiment, when the distance D3 between the recess 111a1 located at the edge position 111a2 and the edge 111c of the glass body 111 is equal to 0mm, the thickness of the edge 111c of the glass body 111 remains the original thickness D2 of the glass body 111.
[0054] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 2 Along the direction from the first surface 111a to the second surface 111b, the cross-section of the recess 111a1 gradually decreases, which facilitates the processing and shaping of the recess 111a1.
[0055] In some embodiments, adjacent recesses 111a1 on the first surface 111a may be spaced apart, such as... Figure 2 As shown. Alternatively, adjacent recesses 111a1 on the first surface 111a are disposed close together, as shown. Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the glass body 111 in another embodiment. The arrangement of the recesses 111a1 on the first surface 111a can be set according to the actual situation, and is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
[0056] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the recess 111a1 along the thickness direction Y perpendicular to the glass cover 11 can be triangular, arc-shaped, trapezoidal, etc. Specifically, please refer to... Figure 1 and Figure 5 , Figure 1 The cross-section of the central recess 111a1 along the thickness direction Y perpendicular to the glass cover plate 11 is triangular. Figure 5 The cross-section of the recessed portion 111a1 along the thickness direction Y perpendicular to the glass cover plate 11 is arc-shaped. Alternatively, the cross-section of the recessed portion 111a1 along the thickness direction Y perpendicular to the glass cover plate 11 can also be other shapes, which are not limited in this embodiment.
[0057] In some embodiments, along the thickness direction Z of the glass cover 11, the cross-section of the recess 111a1 can be one or more of the following: circular, triangular, rectangular, and polygonal. Please refer to [reference needed] for details. Figure 6The recessed portion 111a1 has a circular or square cross-section along the thickness direction Z of the glass cover plate 11, and there is a gap between adjacent recessed portions 111a1. When the cross-section of the recessed portion 111a1 along the thickness direction Z of the glass cover plate 11 is circular, the recessed portion 111a1 can be a conical, semi-circular, or other structure. When the cross-section of the recessed portion 111a1 along the glass cover plate 11 is triangular, the recessed portion 111a1 can be a triangular pyramid structure. When the cross-section of the recessed portion 111a1 along the glass cover plate 11 is quadrilateral, the recessed portion 111a1 can be a quadrangular pyramid structure. Alternatively, the recessed portion 111a1 can also be other shapes, which are not limited in this embodiment.
[0058] like Figure 7 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional schematic of a glass cover plate 11 in one embodiment. The glass cover plate 11 includes a glass body 111 and a porous nano-silica film layer 112. The glass body 111 has a first surface 111a, and the porous nano-silica film layer 112 is disposed on the first surface 111a.
[0059] The porous nano-silica film 112 is mainly composed of porous nano-silica. Based on the principles of coating optics, nanotechnology is used to set the film thickness at one-quarter of the sensitive wavelength of the solar cell, achieving destructive interference of reflected light waves on the film surface and the glass surface, thus increasing transmittance. In this respect, the porous nano-silica film 112 has the effect of increasing transmittance and reducing reflection. Covering the first surface 111a with the porous nano-silica film 112 reduces light reflection from the glass cover plate 11, increases the transmittance of the glass cover plate 11, reduces light loss, effectively improves the light energy utilization rate and lifespan of the photovoltaic module 1, and efficiently utilizes solar energy.
[0060] In addition, the porous nano-silica film layer 112 has excellent light transmittance, anti-reflection performance and high thermal resistance, while also taking into account certain anti-attenuation and hydrophobicity, and has a self-cleaning function to avoid the reduction of photovoltaic module 1 power generation efficiency caused by dirt on the surface of glass cover plate 11.
[0061] The porous nano-silica film 112 has a refractive index of 1.28-1.30 and a thickness of 100 nm-130 nm.
[0062] For example, the porous nano-silica film 112 has a refractive index of 1.28, 1.29, or 1.3, and a thickness of 100 nm, 120 nm, or 130 nm. Preferably, the porous nano-silica film 112 has a refractive index of 1.3 and a thickness of 110 nm.
[0063] In this embodiment, the refractive index of the porous nano-silica film 112 is 1.28-1.30, and the thickness of the porous nano-silica film 112 is 100 nm-130 nm. This can improve the light transmittance of the glass cover plate 11, reduce light loss, and increase the power of the photovoltaic module 1.
[0064] It should be noted that the first surface 111a of the glass body 111 has a recessed portion 111a1, so the first surface 111a is uneven. After the porous nano silica film layer 112 is deposited on the first surface 111a, the porous nano silica film layer 112 is also uneven.
[0065] like Figure 8 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of the glass cover plate 11 in another embodiment. The glass cover plate 11 includes a glass body 111, a dense silica film layer 113, and a porous nano-silica film layer 112. The glass body 111 has a first surface 111a, the dense silica film layer 113 is disposed on the first surface 111a, and the porous nano-silica film layer 112 is disposed on the dense silica film layer 113. In this embodiment, by setting two film layers, the propagation loss of reflected light is reduced, thereby reducing reflectivity.
[0066] To further demonstrate that the light transmittance of the glass cover plate 11 is improved when the glass body 111 is provided with a single layer (porous nano-silica film layer 112) and a double layer (dense silica film layer 113 and porous nano-silica film layer 112), this application records and compares the light transmittance of the glass body 111 without a film layer, with a single layer (porous nano-silica film layer 112), and with a double layer (dense silica film layer 113 and porous nano-silica film layer 112).
[0067] It should be noted that the other parameters of the glass body 111 are the same whether it has no film layer, a single film layer, or a double film layer, and will not be described in detail here.
[0068] Please refer to the details. Figure 9 ,like Figure 9 The figures show the light transmittance curves of glass body 111 with no film layer, with a single film layer, and with a double film layer. Figure 9 As can be seen in the figure, the horizontal axis represents the wavelength of light, the vertical axis represents the transmittance, the blue line represents the transmittance curve of the glass body 111 without a coating layer, the orange line represents the transmittance curve of the glass body 111 with a single layer coating (porous nano-silica film layer 112), and the gray line represents the transmittance curve of the glass body 111 with a double layer coating (dense silica film layer 113 and porous nano-silica film layer 112).
[0069] Among them, the average light transmittance of the glass body 111 is 91.61, the average light transmittance of the glass body 111 coated with a single layer film is 93.94, and the average light transmittance of the glass body 111 coated with a double layer film is 94.29.
[0070] Therefore, it can be seen that, compared to glass body 111 without coating, glass body 111 with a single-layer coating exhibits higher light transmittance. Compared to glass body 111 with a single-layer coating, glass body 111 with a double-layer coating exhibits higher light transmittance.
[0071] Therefore, depositing a double-layer film on the glass body 111 can further improve the light transmittance of the glass cover 11. That is, the synergistic effect of the dense silica film 113 and the porous nano silica film 112 can improve light energy utilization and enhance photoelectric conversion efficiency. At the same time, setting two film layers on the glass body 111 is beneficial to improving the dirt resistance of the glass cover 11, thereby reducing the possibility that surface dirt on the glass cover 11 will affect the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 1.
[0072] The porous nano-silica film 112 has a refractive index of 1.18-1.20 and a thickness of 100nm-120nm. The dense silica film 113 has a refractive index of 1.38-1.40 and a thickness of 70nm-90nm.
[0073] For example, the refractive index of the porous nano-silica film 112 can be 1.18, 1.19, 1.20, etc., and the thickness of the porous nano-silica film 112 can be 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, etc. The refractive index of the dense silica film 113 is 1.38, 1.39, 1.40, etc., and the thickness of the dense silica film is 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, etc.
[0074] In this embodiment, the refractive index of the porous nano-silica film 112 is 1.18-1.20, and the thickness of the porous nano-silica film 112 is 100nm-120nm. The refractive index of the dense silica film 113 is 1.38-1.40. When the thickness of the dense silica film is 70nm-90nm, the light transmittance of the glass cover plate 11 can be further improved, light loss can be reduced, and the power of the photovoltaic module 1 can be increased.
[0075] It should be noted that the first surface 111a of the glass body 111 has a recess 111a1, so the first surface 111a is uneven. After the dense silica film layer 113 is deposited on the first surface 111a, and the porous nano silica film layer 112 is deposited on the dense silica film layer 113, the dense silica film layer 113 and the porous nano silica film layer 112 are also uneven.
[0076] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module (1) includes a glass cover plate (11), which comprises: The glass body (111) has a first surface (111a) and a second surface (111b) disposed opposite to each other along the thickness direction (Z) of the glass cover plate (11). The first surface (111a) is the side away from the battery pack (14). The first surface (111a) is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed recesses (111a1), and the recesses (111a1) located at the edge position (111a2) are spaced apart from the edge (111c) of the glass body (111). The depth D1 of the recess (111a1) satisfies: 10μm≤D1≤30μm; The distance D3 between the recess (111a1) located at the edge position (111a2) and the edge (111c) of the glass body (111) satisfies: 2mm≤D3≤6.5mm.
2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the thickness direction (Z) of the glass cover plate (11), the ratio of the depth D1 of the recess (111a1) to the thickness D2 of the glass body (111) satisfies: 0.005≤D1 / D2≤0.
015.
3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the direction from the first surface (111a) to the second surface (111b), the cross-section of the recess (111a1) gradually decreases.
4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the thickness direction (Z) of the glass cover plate (11), the cross-section of the recess (111a1) is one or more of the following: circle, triangle, rectangle, and polygon.
5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass cover plate (11) also includes a porous nano-silica film layer (112), which is disposed on the first surface (111a).
6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The refractive index of the porous nano-silica film (112) is 1.28-1.30; The thickness of the porous nano-silica film (112) is 100 nm-130 nm.
7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass cover (11) also includes a dense silica film layer (113) and a porous nano silica film layer (112). The dense silica film (113) is disposed on the first surface (111a), and the porous nano silica film (112) is disposed on the dense silica film (113).
8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The porous nano-silica film (112) has a refractive index of 1.18-1.20 and a thickness of 100nm-120nm. The refractive index of the dense silicon dioxide film (113) is 1.38-1.40, and the thickness of the dense silicon dioxide film (113) is 70nm-90nm.
9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module (1) includes a first cover plate (12), a first encapsulant film (13), a battery pack (14), a second encapsulant film (15), and a second cover plate (16) stacked together. The first cover plate (12) is the glass cover plate (11), or the first cover plate (12) and the second cover plate (16) are the glass cover plate (11). The battery pack (14) includes multiple electrically connected battery cells.