Composite material laser welding equipment and welding method

Abstract

The invention discloses composite material laser welding equipment and a welding method, and belongs to the field of laser printing, the composite material laser welding equipment comprises a base plate, a wire feeding mechanism, a rotary shearing mechanism, a rolling mechanism and a laser heating mechanism are installed on the base plate, the laser heating mechanism comprises a first dovetail groove sliding table and a second dovetail groove sliding table, and the second dovetail groove sliding table is vertically and fixedly installed on the base plate; the first dovetail groove sliding table is located below the second dovetail groove sliding table, a first connecting plate is fixedly arranged on a carriage of the second dovetail groove sliding table, the first dovetail groove sliding table is fixedly installed on a second connecting plate in an obliquely downward mode, and the end, close to the rotary shearing mechanism, of the second connecting plate is hinged to the first connecting plate through a first connecting rod. And the other end of the second connecting plate is connected with the first connecting plate through a telescopic adjusting structure, a laser head is fixedly arranged on a dragging plate at the bottom of the first dovetail groove sliding table, the angle, height and focusing position of a laser beam can be controlled, and the welding requirements of composite materials of different shapes and sizes are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser printing, and in particular to a composite material laser welding device and a welding method. Background Art

[0002] Composite materials have been widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, electronic equipment and other fields due to their excellent comprehensive properties (such as high strength, light weight, corrosion resistance, etc.). However, due to the diversity and complexity of composite materials, traditional welding methods are often difficult to adapt to the characteristics of composite materials, and there are problems such as large heat-affected zone, easy to generate residual stress, and easy to damage the matrix material.

[0003] Laser welding technology, with its advantages of high precision, high efficiency and small heat-affected zone, has shown broad application prospects in the field of composite material connection. At present, a composite material laser welding device has appeared (such as publication number CN116001316A), which is equipped with an angle-adjustable laser heating structure and a clamping and shearing structure. The laser heating structure is used to adjust the laser angle to maximize the laser heating efficiency, and the clamping and shearing structure realizes the combination of clamping and shearing functions, making the layout more compact.

[0004] However, the laser heating structure of the existing composite material laser welding device can only adjust the laser angle, and the height of the laser beam and the size of the laser beam focal length cannot be adaptively adjusted. When processing materials of different thicknesses or uneven material surfaces, the non-adjustable height will cause the laser beam to be unable to focus on the ideal processing position of the material, and the fixed focal length may make it impossible for the laser beam to achieve the optimal energy concentration on the material surface; in addition, its clamping and shearing structure has poor adaptability and cannot adapt to workpieces of different shapes. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problem that the existing composite material laser welding device in the above background technology has poor laser beam adaptability, resulting in poor welding quality, the present invention provides a composite material laser welding device.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a composite material laser welding device, comprising a base plate, on which a wire feeding mechanism, a rotary shearing mechanism, a rolling mechanism and a laser heating mechanism are installed, the rotary shearing mechanism is located below the wire feeding mechanism, the rolling mechanism and the laser heating mechanism are relatively arranged on both sides of the rotary shearing mechanism, the laser heating mechanism comprises a first dovetail groove slide and a second dovetail groove slide, the second dovetail groove slide is vertically fixedly installed on the base plate, the first dovetail groove slide is located below the second dovetail groove slide, a first connecting plate is fixedly provided on the drag plate of the second dovetail groove slide, the first dovetail groove slide is fixedly installed obliquely downward on the second connecting plate, and the second connecting plate is close to One end of the rotary shearing mechanism is hinged to the first connecting plate through a first connecting rod, and the other end of the second connecting plate is connected to the first connecting plate through a telescopic adjustment structure. A laser head is fixedly provided on the drag plate at the bottom of the first dovetail groove slide, so that the position of the laser head of the laser heating mechanism can be flexibly adjusted. Through the first dovetail groove slide, the second dovetail groove slide and the telescopic adjustment structure, the angle, height and focusing position of the laser beam can be effectively controlled, which is conducive to accurately focusing the laser energy on the welding part of the composite material, improving the accuracy and quality of welding, and adapting to the welding needs of composite materials of different shapes and sizes, thereby enhancing the versatility of the equipment.

[0007] Preferably, a mounting groove is provided on the side of the first connecting plate away from the rotary shear mechanism, and the mounting groove is arranged obliquely upward. The side of the second connecting plate away from the rotary shear mechanism is movably connected to the mounting groove through a second connecting rod. The length of the second connecting rod is shorter than that of the first connecting rod, which can effectively limit the swing of the second connecting plate and can more finely adapt to complex welding process requirements.

[0008] Preferably, the first dovetail groove slide, the second dovetail groove slide and the corresponding drag plate are locked and fixed by locking bolts. The setting of the locking bolts ensures that after the position of the laser head is adjusted, the laser head can remain highly stable during the welding process, avoiding the position of the laser head from shifting due to factors such as equipment vibration and processing stress, thereby maintaining the focusing accuracy of the laser beam and the accuracy of the irradiation direction, ensuring the consistency and stability of the welding quality, and improving the qualified rate of welding products.

[0009] Preferably, the wire feeding mechanism includes a material tray rotatably arranged on a base plate, the material tray is connected to an upper servo motor fixedly mounted on the base plate through a transmission pulley structure, a first guide wheel, a force sensor, a second guide wheel and a wire feeding wheel are sequentially arranged below the material tray, the wire feeding wheel is connected to the wire feeding motor, a pressure wheel assembly is arranged on the opposite side of the wire feeding wheel, and the servo motor drives the material tray in combination with the transmission pulley structure to achieve precise control of the wire feeding speed and tension of the welding material to ensure a stable and uniform wire feeding amount, the force sensor can monitor the tension of the welding material in real time, the servo motor cooperates with the wire feeding wheel and the pressure wheel assembly to accurately adjust the tension of the welding material to ensure that the welding material is steadily and smoothly transported to the welding area, thereby avoiding a decrease in welding quality due to unstable wire feeding speed or abnormal tension.

[0010] Preferably, the pressure wheel assembly includes a pressure wheel and a pressure wheel cylinder, the pressure wheel cylinder is fixedly arranged obliquely on the base plate, the pressure wheel is rotatably arranged on the telescopic end of the pressure wheel cylinder, and the wire feeding wheel is located obliquely below the pressure wheel. The oblique arrangement and telescopicity of the pressure wheel cylinder enable the pressure wheel to flexibly adjust the pressure of the welding material on the wire feeding wheel. By precisely controlling the pressure of the pressure wheel, it can adapt to welding materials of different materials and specifications, effectively preventing the welding material from slipping or excessive extrusion and deformation during the wire feeding process, further improving the stability and reliability of the wire feeding, and ensuring the continuity of the welding process and the stability of the welding quality.

[0011] Preferably, a hollow wire feeding plate is fixedly provided on the base plate, the wire feeding plate is arranged obliquely downward, the wire feeding wheel is located at the feeding end of the wire feeding plate, and the rolling mechanism is located at the discharging end of the wire feeding plate. The hollow wire feeding plate provides a conveying channel for the welding material, and its oblique downward arrangement utilizes the effect of gravity, so that the welding material can be more naturally and smoothly transmitted from the wire feeding wheel to the rolling mechanism, reducing the jamming and accumulation of the material during the conveying process, improving the wire feeding efficiency and stability, and also helping to maintain the neat arrangement of the welding material, facilitating the subsequent rolling and welding.

[0012] Preferably, the rolling mechanism includes a first rolling cylinder and a second rolling cylinder which are relatively vertically arranged on both sides of the substrate, the first rolling cylinder is fixedly mounted on the substrate, the second rolling cylinder is fixedly mounted on the wire feeding plate, the telescopic ends at the bottom of the first rolling cylinder and the second rolling cylinder are fixedly connected to the laterally arranged push plate, the roller is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the push plate, the first rolling cylinder and the second rolling cylinder cooperate from both sides, and the roller is driven by the push plate to roll the welding material, which can apply uniform and stable pressure to the welding material, so that the welding material can be fully compacted and flattened before entering the welding area, thereby improving the fit between the welding material and the surface of the composite material to be welded, enhancing the strength and quality of the welded joint, and reducing defects such as gaps and bubbles during the welding process.

[0013] Preferably, the rotary shearing mechanism includes a fixed plate fixed obliquely downward on the base plate, the wire feeding plate is located below the fixed plate, a motor is fixedly mounted on the fixed plate, a turntable bearing is mounted on the wire feeding plate, a tool is mounted on the turntable bearing, the motor drives the tool to rotate around the axis through a transmission pulley structure and a turntable bearing, a mounting hole is provided on the wire feeding plate, the tool is movably arranged in the mounting hole, the motor drives the tool to rotate through a transmission pulley structure and a turntable bearing, the turntable bearing ensures the stability and flexibility of the tool rotation, enables the tool to perform precise shearing actions at different angles and positions, improves the accuracy and adaptability of the equipment to welding material processing, and meets the requirements of different welding processes.

[0014] Preferably, a shearing cylinder is fixedly mounted on the fixed plate, and the tool comprises a cutter head movably arranged in a mounting hole, a blade is slidably arranged in the cutter head, a cutter rod of the blade is fixedly connected with a connecting head, a connecting piece is fixedly provided at the telescopic end of the shearing cylinder, and the connecting piece is rotatably connected to the connecting head through a turntable bearing. The connection structure between the shearing cylinder and the sliding blade inside the tool can accurately control the sliding stroke and speed of the blade in the cutter head through the extension and retraction of the shearing cylinder, thereby realizing precise shearing of welding materials, ensuring the accuracy of the shearing length and shape, improving the quality and efficiency of welding material processing, and reducing material waste. The rotating connection of the connecting piece connecting head avoids the interference of the shearing cylinder with the rotation of the blade.

[0015] The present invention provides a welding method, which is specifically as follows: starting a servo motor and a motor, passing the welding material around a first guide wheel, a force sensor, and a second guide wheel in sequence, passing through between a pressure wheel and a wire feeding wheel and introduced into a wire feeding plate, and flattening to a designated position after being rolled by a roller; The angle, height and focal position of the laser beam are adjusted by the first dovetail groove slide, the second dovetail groove slide and the telescopic adjustment structure. During the welding process, the parameters of the laser beam can be adjusted in real time according to the shape, thickness, material and other characteristics of the composite material and the welding process requirements. Through the precise control of the angle, height and focal length of the laser beam, it is ensured that the laser energy can act on the welding part efficiently to achieve the best welding effect, such as good control of the depth and width of penetration, reduce welding defects, and improve the strength and sealing of the welded joint. At the same time, it also broadens the scope of application of the equipment for welding different composite materials.

[0016] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the advantages of the present invention are: 1. Through the first dovetail groove slide, the second dovetail groove slide and the telescopic adjustment structure, the angle, height and focusing position of the laser beam can be effectively controlled, which is conducive to accurately focusing the laser energy on the welding part of the composite material, improving the accuracy and quality of welding, and adapting to the welding needs of composite materials of different shapes and sizes, enhancing the versatility of the equipment.

[0017] 2. The wire feeding plate is set obliquely downward, the wire feeding wheel is located at the feeding end of the wire feeding plate, and the rolling mechanism is located at the discharging end of the wire feeding plate. The hollow wire feeding plate provides a conveying channel for the welding material. Its oblique downward setting utilizes the effect of gravity, so that the welding material can be more naturally and smoothly transmitted from the wire feeding wheel to the rolling mechanism, reducing the jamming and accumulation of materials during the conveying process, improving the wire feeding efficiency and stability, and also helping to maintain the neat arrangement of the welding materials, facilitating subsequent rolling and welding.

[0018] 3. The first rolling cylinder and the second rolling cylinder work together from both sides to roll the welding material through the push plate to drive the roller, which can apply uniform and stable pressure to the welding material, so that the welding material can be fully compacted and flattened before entering the welding area, improve the fit between the welding material and the surface of the composite material to be welded, enhance the strength and quality of the welded joint, and reduce defects such as gaps and bubbles during the welding process.

[0019] 4. The blade can rotate around the axis, so that the tool can perform precise shearing actions at different angles and positions, improving the accuracy and adaptability of the equipment to welding material processing and meeting the requirements of different welding processes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 The overall structure of the composite laser welding equipment according to one or more embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a composite material laser welding device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 The overall structure of the composite laser welding equipment according to one or more embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 (The housing at the location of the rotating shear mechanism is not shown); Figure 4 It is a schematic side view of the structure of a composite material laser welding device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5 The overall structure of the composite laser welding equipment according to one or more embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 3 ; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a rotary shearing mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the rotary shearing mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present invention; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a tool according to one or more embodiments of the present invention; Fig. 9 for Figure 8 AA cross-sectional structural diagram of the structure shown; Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the shearing principle according to one or more embodiments of the present invention; Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a laser heating mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present invention; Fig.12 A schematic diagram of a three-link principle according to one or more embodiments of the present invention; The components represented by the reference numerals in the figure are: 1. Base plate; 2. Wire feeding mechanism; 21. Material tray; 22. Welding material; 23. First guide wheel; 24. Force sensor; 25. Second guide wheel; 26. Pressure wheel cylinder; 27. Pressure wheel; 28. Wire feeding wheel; 29. ​​Wire feeding motor; 210. Wire feeding plate; 211. Servo motor; 212. Steering wheel; 213. First belt; 214. First pulley; 215. First turntable bearing; 3. Rotary shearing mechanism; 31. Support plate; 32. Motor; 33. Fixed plate; 34. Shearing cylinder; 35. Second pulley; 36. Second turntable bearing; 37. Second belt; 3 8. The third pulley; 39. The cutter head; 310. The blade; 311. The cutter rod; 312. The connector; 313. The connector; 4. The rolling mechanism; 41. The first rolling cylinder; 42. The push plate; 43. The roller; 44. The second rolling cylinder; 5. The laser heating mechanism; 51. The first connecting plate; 52. The first connecting rod; 53. The second connecting plate; 54. The first dovetail groove slide; 55. The laser head; 56. The laser support frame; 57. The screw; 58. The second dovetail groove slide; 59. The second connecting rod; 510. The mounting groove; 6. The actual welding wire contour; 7. Theoretical contour; 8. The laser beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in this specific embodiment. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this patent, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0023] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, a composite laser welding device is proposed, including: a substrate 1, a wire feeding mechanism 2, a rotary shearing mechanism 3, a rolling mechanism 4 and a laser heating mechanism 5. The wire feeding mechanism 2, the rotary shearing mechanism 3, the rolling mechanism 4 and the laser heating mechanism 5 are all installed on the substrate 1. The wire feeding mechanism 2 uses a servo motor 211 belt drive to set the pre-tension during welding, and cooperates with a force sensor 24 to monitor and accurately control the tension of the welding material 22 to ensure the stability of the welding process parameters; the rotary shearing mechanism 3 is internally installed with a belt drive rotating structure to ensure the quality of the edge welding of the composite material and expand the scope of use of the laser welding equipment; the rolling mechanism 4 adjusts the pressure by controlling the double cylinder air pressure value to achieve the adjustment of the welding process; the laser heating mechanism 5 is installed with a dovetail groove slide structure and a three-link structure to adjust the height, angle and focusing position of the laser beam 8 according to needs to achieve precise welding and improve welding efficiency.

[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, the substrate 1 is arranged vertically, the wire feeding mechanism 2 is installed on the upper part of the substrate 1, and the rotary shearing mechanism 3, the rolling mechanism 4 and the laser heating mechanism 5 are all located below the wire feeding mechanism 2, wherein the rotary shearing mechanism 3 is located between the rolling mechanism 4 and the laser heating mechanism 5.

[0025] like Figure 3-Figure 4 As shown, the wire feeding mechanism 2 includes a material tray 21, a guide assembly, a force sensor 24, a pressure wheel assembly, a wire feeding wheel 28, a wire feeding motor 29, a wire feeding plate 210, a servo motor 211 and a first pulley 214. The material tray 21 is fixedly mounted on the first pulley 214, and the first pulley 214 is rotatably arranged on the base plate 1 through a first turntable bearing 215. The outer ring of the first turntable bearing 215 is fixedly connected to the base plate 1, and the inner ring of the first turntable bearing 215 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the first pulley 214. The servo motor 211 is fixed through a mounting plate and a support column. Installed on the substrate 1, the output end of the servo motor 211 is fixedly installed with a pulley, and the output end of the servo motor 211 is connected to the first pulley 214 through the first belt 213. The servo motor 211 adopts a torque control method to set the torque for the material tray 21, so that when welding, the welding material 22 has a predetermined tension to ensure the stability of the welding process parameters. In addition, the servo motor 211 also adopts a speed control method to achieve rewinding, that is, the welding material 22 is directly transferred to the material tray 21 without unloading the material tray 21, which is convenient for use.

[0026] A steering wheel 212 is also installed on the base plate 1, and the first belt 213 between the material tray 21 and the servo motor 211 is connected to the steering wheel 212 to increase the wrap angle of the welding material 22 between the first pulley 214 and the output end pulley of the servo motor 211 through the steering wheel 212, thereby improving the reliability of its transmission. The transmission ratio between the first pulley 214 and the output end pulley of the servo motor 211 is between 6-12.

[0027] The guide assembly includes a first guide wheel 23 and a second guide wheel 25, which are installed on the substrate 1 in a rotatable manner from top to bottom. The force sensor 24 is arranged between the first guide wheel 23 and the second guide wheel 25. The welding material 22 passes around the first guide wheel 23 and the second guide wheel 25 in sequence. The force sensor 24 contacts the welding material 22 through rollers. The first guide wheel 23 and the second guide wheel 25 are used to change the transmission direction of the welding material 22, which is beneficial for the force sensor 24 to accurately measure the tension of the welding material 22. Because the servo motor 211 can set a predetermined tension but cannot accurately control the tension, the force sensor 24 detects the actual tension of the welding material 22 during the transmission process, compares it with the welding target tension, and uses the torque of the servo motor 211 to achieve precise adjustment of the tension of the welding material 22 (such as prepreg tape) during welding.

[0028] The pressure wheel assembly includes a pressure wheel 27 and a pressure wheel cylinder 26. The pressure wheel cylinder 26 is fixedly arranged obliquely on the base plate 1. The pressure wheel 27 is rotatably arranged on the telescopic end of the pressure wheel cylinder 26. A wire feeding wheel 28 is arranged obliquely below the pressure wheel 27. The wire feeding wheel 28 is arranged opposite to the pressure wheel 27. The welding material 22 passes between the pressure wheel 27 and the wire feeding wheel 28 to achieve wire feeding through the cooperation of the pressure wheel 27 and the wire feeding wheel 28. The wire feeding wheel 28 is installed on the output shaft of the wire feeding motor 29. The wire feeding motor 29 is fixedly installed on the support plate 31. The wire feeding plate 210 is arranged obliquely downward. The wire feeding wheel 28 is located at the feeding end of the wire feeding plate 210. The rolling mechanism 4 is located at the wire feeding plate 210, specifically, the support plate 31 is fixedly mounted on one side of the wire feeding plate 210 away from the substrate 1, and the other side of the wire feeding plate 210 is fixedly mounted on the substrate 1. The wire feeding plate 210 is a hollow structure. When welding starts, the wire feeding motor 29 works, and the pressure wheel cylinder 26 works to push down the pressure wheel 27, and cooperates with the wire feeding wheel 28 to send the welding material 22 to the wire feeding plate 210. The wire feeding plate 210 has a built-in rotating shearing mechanism 3. After the welding material 22 passes through the wire feeding plate 210, it is sent to the bottom of the rolling mechanism 4, and the roller 43 is pressed down. During normal welding, the pressure wheel cylinder 26 drives the pressure wheel 27 to retract. At this time, the pressure wheel 27 only plays a guiding role.

[0029] like Figure 5As shown, the rolling mechanism 4 includes a first rolling cylinder 41, a push plate 42, a roller 43 and a second rolling cylinder 44. The first rolling cylinder 41 and the second rolling cylinder 44 are both vertically arranged, and the first rolling cylinder 41 and the second rolling cylinder 44 are relatively distributed on the front and rear sides of the substrate 1. The first rolling cylinder 41 is fixedly installed on the substrate 1, and the second rolling cylinder 44 is fixedly installed on the support plate 31. The telescopic ends at the bottom of the first rolling cylinder 41 and the second rolling cylinder 44 are fixedly connected to the push plate 42 arranged horizontally. The roller 43 is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the push plate 42, and a frame structure is formed between the first roller cylinder 41 and the second roller cylinder 44. The rotary shear mechanism 3 can be installed in the middle space. During the actual welding process, the original welding surface accuracy is not high and there is a slight height fluctuation. During welding, the pressure under the roller 43 can be adjusted by controlling the air pressure value of the specified roller cylinder to adjust the welding process and compensate for the uneven surface error. At the same time, the deflection inclination of the roller 43 can also be controlled to adapt to different working conditions.

[0030] The rotary shearing mechanism 3 can realize the functions of rotation and shearing, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the rotary shearing mechanism 3 includes a support plate 31, a motor 32, a fixed plate 33, a shearing cylinder 34, a second pulley 35, a second turntable bearing 36, a third pulley 38 and a cutter. The fixed plate 33 is arranged obliquely downward (the same as the wire feeding direction of the welding material 22), the inner side of the fixed plate 33 is fixedly connected to the base plate 1, the outer side of the fixed plate 33 is fixedly connected to the support plate 31, the motor 32 and the shearing cylinder 34 are both obliquely fixedly installed on the fixed plate 33, the motor 32 and the shearing cylinder 34 are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the fixed plate 33, the output end of the motor 32 is fixedly connected to the third pulley 38, and the third pulley The wheel 38 is connected to the second pulley 35 through the second belt 37. The second pulley 35 is coaxially arranged with the shear cylinder 34. The second pulley 35 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the inner ring of the second turntable bearing 36. The lower surface of the inner ring of the second turntable bearing 36 is fixedly connected to the tool. The outer ring of the second turntable bearing 36 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the wire feeding plate 210. The wire feeding plate 210 is parallel to the fixed plate 33. A through hole is provided in the middle of the second pulley 35. The telescopic end of the shear cylinder 34 is connected to the tool to push the tool to move axially, thereby realizing the cutting of the welding material 22, and the shear cylinder will not rotate with the tool when the tool rotates.

[0031] Specific as Figure 8 and Fig. 9As shown, the tool includes a cutter head 39, a blade 310, a cutter rod 311, a connector 312 and a connector 313. The cutter head 39 is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the inner ring of the second turntable bearing 36 and can rotate with the second turntable bearing 36. The wire feeding plate 210 is provided with a mounting hole, which is connected to the inside of the wire feeding plate 210. The cutter head 39 is movably arranged in the mounting hole. The output end of the shear cylinder 34 is fixedly connected to the connector 313. Specifically, the upper end of the connector 313 is fixedly connected to the shear cylinder 34 through a thread, the lower end of the connector 313 is a hollow structure, and the lower end of the connector 313 is internally a step hole. The cutter head 39 is provided with a cutter groove, which runs through the cutter head 39, and the blade 310 slides The blade 310 is arranged in the knife groove, and one end of the blade 310 away from the wire feeding plate 210 is fixedly connected to the knife rod 311 by embedding. The end of the knife rod 311 is fixedly connected to the connecting head 312 by threaded connection, so as to be connected to the notch of the connecting member 313 through the connecting head 312. The cross-section of the upper end of the connecting head 312 is T-shaped. The connecting head 312 is rotatably arranged in the step hole of the connecting member 313, so that the connecting head 312 and the connecting member 313 can rotate relative to each other. The connecting member 313 passes through the fixed plate 33, the connecting head 312 passes through the through hole in the middle of the second pulley 35, the knife rod 311 passes through the inner ring of the second turntable bearing 36, and the knife head 39 can rotate in the wire feeding plate 210.

[0032] like Fig.10 As shown, the actual welding wire contour 6 of the weldment does not necessarily coincide with the theoretical contour 7. When the weldment contour is parallel to the coordinate axis, the motor 32 does not work, and the shearing cylinder 34 only needs to extend and retract to drive the blade 310 to extend and retract to complete the cutting of the welding wire; when the weldment contour is an oblique line or a curve, in order to improve the surface quality of the workpiece edge and save welding materials, the tool needs to rotate a certain angle. At this time, the motor 32 works, and drives the second pulley 35 to rotate through the second belt 37, and then drives the inner ring of the second turntable bearing 36 to rotate. The second turntable bearing 36 drives the cutter head 39 to rotate, and the cutter head 39 causes the blade 310 to rotate through the set angle. At this time, the shearing cylinder 34 extends, driving the blade 310 to move downward to complete the shearing of the welding wire. Rotary shearing enables laser welding to adapt to workpieces of different shapes and realize diversified welding.

[0033] like Fig.11As shown, the laser heating mechanism 5 includes a first connecting plate 51, a first connecting rod 52, a second connecting plate 53, a first dovetail groove slide 54, a laser head 55, a second dovetail groove slide 58 and a second connecting rod 59. The second dovetail groove slide 58 is vertically fixed on the base plate 1. A drag plate is slidably provided on the second dovetail groove slide 58, and the drag plate is locked and fixed with the second dovetail groove slide 58 by a locking bolt. The first connecting plate 51 is fixedly installed on the drag plate of the second dovetail groove slide 58, and the vertical position of the first connecting plate 51 can be adjusted along the second dovetail groove slide 58. The first connecting rod 52 is hinged on one side of the lower part of the first connecting plate 51 close to the wire feeding plate 210, so as to be close to the wire feeding plate 210 through the first connecting rod 52 and the second connecting plate 53. 10 is hinged at one end, and a mounting groove 510 is provided on the side of the lower part of the first connecting plate 51 away from the wire feeding plate 210 (which can also be understood as a rotary shearing mechanism 3). One end of the second connecting rod 59 is slidably set in the mounting groove 510 through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the second connecting rod 59 is fixedly connected to the second connecting plate 53 and the end away from the wire feeding plate 210. The mounting groove 510 is set obliquely upward, and the length of the second connecting rod 59 is shorter than that of the first connecting rod 52. The first connecting rod 52 and the second connecting rod 59 are both composed of two oppositely arranged rods, and the two ends of the two oppositely arranged rods are connected by a rotating shaft. The setting of the mounting groove 510 and the second connecting rod 59 can limit the swing range of the second connecting plate 53 to ensure the accuracy of the angle adjustment.

[0034] It is understandable that, in actual use, the second connecting rod 59 and the mounting groove 510 may not be provided, and the specific selection may be made according to actual needs, and no excessive restrictions are made here.

[0035] The end of the second connecting plate 53 away from the wire feeding plate 210 is connected to the lower part of the first connecting plate 51 through a telescopic adjustment structure, so that the position of the second connecting plate 53 away from the end of the wire feeding plate 210 can be changed through the telescopic adjustment structure, so that the second connecting plate 53 can make a pitching movement around the first connecting rod 52. In this embodiment, the telescopic adjustment structure is a telescopic cylinder (such as an electric telescopic cylinder, a telescopic cylinder, etc.). One end of the telescopic cylinder is hinged to the first connecting plate 51, and the other end is hinged to the second connecting plate 53. In other embodiments, in order to reduce costs and improve compactness, the telescopic adjustment structure can also be The screw 57 is configured to adjust the structure. Specifically, a rotating drum is rotatably provided at one end of the second connecting plate 53 away from the wire feeding plate 210. The screw 57 is inserted on the rotating drum and the screw 57 and the rotating drum can rotate relative to each other. The screw 57 is perpendicular to the axis of the rotating drum. The screw 57 is vertically arranged and threadedly connected to the connecting shaft on the first connecting plate 51. The connecting shaft is rotatably arranged on the first connecting plate 51. The axis of the connecting shaft is parallel to the axis of the rotating drum. The second connecting plate 53 can be pulled to swing around the first connecting rod 52 by manually adjusting the screw 57 to complete the adjustment of the angle of the laser beam 8.

[0036] The bottom of the second connecting plate 53 is fixedly connected to the first dovetail groove slide 54, and the first dovetail groove slide 54 is parallel to the surface of the second connecting plate 5. The laser head 55 is fixedly mounted on the carriage of the first dovetail groove slide 54 through the laser support frame 56, and the laser head 55 is located below the first dovetail groove slide 54. By adjusting the nut of the second dovetail groove slide 58, the carriage can be moved up and down in the dovetail groove direction, thereby completing the adjustment of the height position of the laser head 55. After the position is determined, the dovetail groove slide is locked. When it needs to be adjusted again, Just loosen the locking bolt and adjust it; the telescopic adjustment structure can drive the position of one end of the second connecting plate 53 away from the wire feeding plate 210 to change, and then change the inclination angle of the second connecting plate 53 to achieve the angle adjustment of the laser head 55; adjusting the nut of the first dovetail groove slide 54 can realize the change of the position of the laser support frame 56, drive the laser head 55 close to or away from the welding point, complete the adjustment of the focal length of the laser head 55, and make the laser irradiate the lower surface of the prepreg tape and the upper surface of the area to be welded, so that they are heated at the same time to ensure the welding quality.

[0037] The three-link principle adopted by the laser heating mechanism 5 is as follows Fig.12 As shown, the upper and lower positions of the first connecting plate 51 are adjusted to achieve a height change of the laser beam 8; by adjusting the positional relationship (specifically the angle relationship) between the second connecting plate 53 and the first connecting plate 51, the laser beam 8 emitted by the laser head can rotate around the coordinate origin, that is, the angle of the laser beam 8 changes; by adjusting the movement of the second connecting plate 53 along its axis, the pointing direction of the laser beam 8 remains unchanged and the focal length changes, which is beneficial to precise laser welding and improves welding quality.

[0038] Example 2 In another typical embodiment of the present invention, a welding method is proposed, using the welding equipment in Example 1, and the specific welding process is as follows: The welding material 22 is led out from the material tray 21 and passes through the first guide wheel 23, the force sensor 24 and the second guide wheel 25 in sequence. The welding material 22 passes between the pressure wheel 27 and the wire feeding wheel 28 and is introduced into the wire feeding plate 210. After being rolled by the roller 43, it is flattened to the specified position. The servo motor 211 and the motor 32 are started to realize automatic wire feeding of the welding material 22. When the surface quality of the welding material 22 does not meet the requirements, the first rolling cylinder 41 and / or the second rolling cylinder 44 are started to adjust the position of the roller 43, and the welding material 22 is rolled by the roller 43 to meet the welding requirements; According to the material, surface flatness, thickness and other characteristics of the actual welding material 22, the angle, height and focal length of the laser beam 8 are adjusted. Specifically: by adjusting the nut of the second dovetail groove slide 58, the drag plate can be moved up and down in the dovetail groove direction, thereby completing the adjustment of the height position of the laser head 55 to adjust the height of the laser beam 8. After the position is determined, the dovetail groove slide is locked. When it needs to be adjusted again, the locking bolt is loosened and adjusted; the position of the end of the second connecting plate 53 away from the wire feeding plate 210 is driven to change through the telescopic adjustment structure, so that the second connecting plate 53 swings around the first connecting rod 52, thereby changing the inclination angle of the second connecting plate 53 to achieve the angle adjustment of the laser beam 8; adjusting the nut of the first dovetail groove slide 54 can drive the laser support frame 56 to move axially through the drag plate, thereby achieving the change of the position of the laser support frame 56, so as to drive the laser head 55 close to or away from the welding point, and complete the adjustment of the focal length of the laser beam 8, so that the laser irradiates the lower surface of the prepreg tape and the upper surface of the area to be welded, so that they are heated at the same time to ensure the welding quality.

[0039] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A composite material laser welding device, comprising: A substrate (1), characterized in that a wire feeding mechanism (2), a rotary shearing mechanism (3), a rolling mechanism (4) and a laser heating mechanism (5) are mounted on the substrate (1), the rotary shearing mechanism (3) is located below the wire feeding mechanism (2), the rolling mechanism (4) and the laser heating mechanism (5) are arranged on both sides of the rotary shearing mechanism (3) relative to each other, the laser heating mechanism (5) comprises a first dovetail groove slide (54) and a second dovetail groove slide (58), the second dovetail groove slide (58) is vertically fixedly mounted on the substrate (1), and the first dovetail groove slide (54) is Located below the second dovetail groove slide (58), a first connecting plate (51) is fixedly provided on the drag plate of the second dovetail groove slide (58), the first dovetail groove slide (54) is fixedly installed on the second connecting plate (53) obliquely downward, one end of the second connecting plate (53) close to the rotary shearing mechanism (3) is hinged to the first connecting plate (51) through a first connecting rod (52), and the other end of the second connecting plate (53) is connected to the first connecting plate (51) through a telescopic adjustment structure, and a laser head (55) is fixedly provided on the drag plate at the bottom of the first dovetail groove slide (54).

2. The composite laser welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting groove (510) is provided on a side of the first connecting plate (51) away from the rotary shearing mechanism (3), and the mounting groove (510) is arranged obliquely upward. A side of the second connecting plate (53) away from the rotary shearing mechanism (3) is movably connected to the mounting groove (510) via a second connecting rod (59), and the length of the second connecting rod (59) is shorter than that of the first connecting rod (52).

3. The composite laser welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first dovetail groove slide (54), the second dovetail groove slide (58) and the corresponding carriage are locked and fixed by means of locking bolts.

4. The composite laser welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wire feeding mechanism (2) comprises a material tray (21) rotatably arranged on a base plate (1); the material tray (21) is connected to an upper servo motor (211) fixedly mounted on the base plate (1) via a transmission pulley structure; a first guide wheel (23), a force sensor (24), a second guide wheel (25) and a wire feeding wheel (28) are arranged in sequence below the material tray (21); the wire feeding wheel (28) is connected to a wire feeding motor (29); and a pressure wheel assembly is arranged on the opposite side of the wire feeding wheel (28).

5. The composite laser welding equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure wheel assembly comprises a pressure wheel (27) and a pressure wheel cylinder (26); the pressure wheel cylinder (26) is fixedly arranged obliquely on the base plate (1); the pressure wheel (27) is rotatably arranged on the telescopic end of the pressure wheel cylinder (26); and the wire feeding wheel (28) is located obliquely below the pressure wheel (27).

6. The composite material laser welding equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: A hollow wire feeding plate (210) is fixedly provided on the base plate (1), the wire feeding plate (210) is arranged obliquely downward, the wire feeding wheel (28) is located at the feeding end of the wire feeding plate (210), and the rolling mechanism (4) is located at the discharging end of the wire feeding plate (210).

7. The composite material laser welding equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rolling mechanism (4) comprises a first rolling cylinder (41) and a second rolling cylinder (44) which are relatively vertically arranged on both sides of the base plate (1); the first rolling cylinder (41) is fixedly mounted on the base plate (1); the second rolling cylinder (44) is fixedly mounted on the wire feeding plate (210); the telescopic ends at the bottom of the first rolling cylinder (41) and the second rolling cylinder (44) are both fixedly connected to a push plate (42) arranged horizontally; and the roller (43) is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the push plate (42).

8. The composite material laser welding equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotary shearing mechanism (3) comprises a fixing plate (33) fixedly arranged on a base plate (1) in an oblique downward direction, a wire feeding plate (210) being located below the fixing plate (33), a motor (32) being fixedly mounted on the fixing plate (33), a turntable bearing being mounted on the wire feeding plate (210), a tool being mounted on the turntable bearing, the motor (32) driving the tool to rotate around an axis via a drive pulley structure and the turntable bearing, a mounting hole being provided on the wire feeding plate (210), and the tool being movably mounted in the mounting hole.

9. The composite material laser welding equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: A shearing cylinder (34) is fixedly mounted on the fixed plate (33); the cutter comprises a cutter head (39) movably arranged in the mounting hole; a blade (310) is slidably arranged in the cutter head (39); a cutter rod (311) of the blade (310) is fixedly connected to a connecting head (312); a connecting piece (313) is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the shearing cylinder (34); and the connecting piece (313) passes through a turntable bearing and is rotatably connected to the connecting head (312).

10. A welding method, characterized in that: A composite material laser welding device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, specifically as follows: starting the servo motor (211) and the motor (32), and passing the welding material (22) around the first guide wheel (23), the force sensor (24), and the second guide wheel (25) in sequence, passing through between the pressure wheel (27) and the wire feeding wheel (28) and introduced into the wire feeding plate (210), and then rolled by the roller (43) and spread to a specified position; The angle, height and focal length position of the laser beam (8) are adjusted by means of the first dovetail groove slide (54), the second dovetail groove slide (58) and the telescopic adjustment structure.

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