A material based on interfacial evaporation to produce water and electricity in a coordinated manner and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention discloses a material, preparation method, and application for the synergistic production of water and electricity through interfacial evaporation. The material uses laser-processed nickel foam as a substrate and selenium powder as the main raw material. Ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine are used as the main solvents, and the solvent concentration and amount of selenium powder added are controlled. The nickel foam / nickel selenide is synthesized by a solvothermal method. Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane is then sprayed on the upper layer. After vacuum drying, a material with a Janus structure having different wettabilities on the upper and lower surfaces is obtained. This material, combined with a thermoelectric power generation module, can simultaneously generate electricity while producing water. The Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide can not only desalinate seawater through interfacial evaporation, but also, in a wet state, by combining the sample with a TE module, where the sample receives sunlight heat and transfers it to the upper surface of the TE module, creating a temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the module for thermoelectric power generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, and in particular to a material for synergistic water and electricity production based on interface evaporation, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the population continues to grow, energy shortages are crucial to human sustainable survival and development. The global energy system is also undergoing a transition from almost complete reliance on fossil fuels to greater reliance on clean and renewable energy.

[0003] Interfacial solar water evaporation boasts high photothermal conversion efficiency, rapid evaporation rates, low cost, simple operation, and environmental friendliness. In the field of solar energy utilization, in addition to water evaporation for seawater desalination, thermoelectric power generation can also be used to directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy without the need for intermediate mechanical energy conversion. Therefore, cogeneration of water and power holds great promise and is a crucial research area in addressing global energy shortages. Interfacial solar water evaporation technology relies heavily on the development of photothermal conversion materials. The Janus structure is a unique structure in photothermal conversion composites, characterized by different properties on both sides. These opposing properties can be categorized into two types: opposite charges on the two sides of the membrane and different wettability. This asymmetric wettability allows for unidirectional transport of seawater from the bottom to the surface during interfacial solar water evaporation. Evaporation occurs at the hydrophobic interface, while contaminants are trapped beneath the hydrophilic layer, imparting a degree of antifouling properties to the sample. Designing an interfacial solar evaporator with a Janus structure achieves excellent salt tolerance and antifouling properties without sacrificing evaporation rate, representing a significant breakthrough in the field of seawater desalination. The technology related to the present invention is a Janus structure photothermal conversion material with different wettability on both sides of the film.

[0004] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 113603935 A proposes a composite aerogel with Janus properties. The composite aerogel consists of a silane-modified cellulose nanofibril / Ti3C2Tx MXene aerogel on the upper layer and a cellulose nanofibril aerogel on the lower layer. The upper layer is hydrophobic, while the lower layer is hydrophilic. This composite aerogel not only enables seawater desalination but also exhibits certain anti-fouling properties. While the patent achieves synergistic evaporation and salt tolerance through the Janus structure, further research into the evaporator's power generation performance is lacking. Among the many green energy generation methods, water evaporation is a method that converts ambient heat energy into electricity through water evaporation. This method utilizes natural phenomena to generate electricity without requiring external mechanical action or energy input. However, currently reported water evaporation power generation devices suffer from complex device assembly processes, poor power generation performance, low evaporation efficiency, expensive materials, and complex preparation processes, making them difficult to implement in practical applications. Selecting photothermal materials with high photothermal conversion capabilities to construct Janus-structured solar evaporators that are anti-fouling and salt-resistant, while simultaneously producing water and electricity, has become an urgent need in today's energy-scarce world. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to achieve efficient seawater desalination and simultaneously obtain electrical energy through temperature difference power generation, the present invention provides a material based on interfacial evaporation to synergize water and electricity production. The material has a Janus structure with a hydrophobic upper layer and a hydrophilic lower layer. The Janus structure not only facilitates the unidirectional transport of seawater from bottom to top, but also prevents salt from accumulating on the upper surface and clogging the pore structure.

[0006] The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the material.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A material based on interfacial evaporation for synergistic water and electricity production is characterized in that it uses laser-processed nickel foam as a substrate and selenium powder as the main raw material. Ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine are used as the main solvents to synthesize nickel foam / nickel selenide (referred to as NiSe / NF) through a solvothermal method. Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane is then sprayed on the upper layer. After vacuum drying, a material with a Janus structure having different wettability on the upper and lower surfaces is obtained. This material, combined with a thermoelectric power generation module, can simultaneously generate electricity while producing water.

[0009] Furthermore, the ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine are chemically pure, are mixed in equal volume ratios and diluted with water to form a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine, wherein the ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine together account for (50-60)% of the volume of the mixed solution, preferably 57.1%.

[0010] Furthermore, the amount of selenium powder added is 5-6 g, preferably 5.71 g, per liter of the mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine.

[0011] The method for preparing the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Laser processing nickel foam substrate

[0013] The cleaned nickel foam substrate is laser processed to transform the upper and lower surfaces of the nickel foam from superhydrophobic to hydrophilic, thereby increasing the surface roughness and facilitating the subsequent solvothermal construction of the composite material.

[0014] Step 2: Preparation of nickel foam / nickel selenide (NiSe / NF) synthesis method

[0015] Ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine are mixed in a sealed container in proportion and diluted with water to the required concentration. Then, selenium powder and laser-treated nickel foam are added and reacted under heating conditions to obtain nickel foam / nickel selenide NiSe / NF.

[0016] Step 3: Preparation of Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide

[0017] A certain amount of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane was sprayed on the surface of the nickel foam / nickel selenide NiSe / NF prepared above, and vacuum dried to obtain Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide.

[0018] Furthermore, in step 2, the heating condition refers to keeping the temperature at (150-170)°C for 4-6 hours.

[0019] The Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide of the present invention is mainly used in seawater desalination and evaporation power generation. The method of using it in the seawater desalination process is as follows: the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide is used as an absorber and combined with polyethylene foam and cotton wool to form a photothermal evaporator, wherein the polyethylene foam is used as an insulator to reduce heat conduction loss during the evaporation process, and the cotton wool is used as a transmission channel for seawater. Then, the photothermal evaporator is placed in a container filled with seawater.

[0020] The method for using the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide in water and electricity generation is as follows: the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide is combined with polyethylene foam and absorbent paper as an absorber to form a photothermal evaporator. The thermoelectric power generation module is then installed between the polyethylene foam and absorbent paper in the photothermal evaporator to construct a water and electricity generation device. The polyethylene foam is used to reduce heat loss during evaporation, and the absorbent paper serves as a channel for seawater transmission. The water and electricity generation device is then placed in a container filled with seawater and the thermoelectric power generation module is connected to an electrochemical workstation.

[0021] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The raw material nickel foam has advantages such as stable physical and chemical properties, good processing performance and high thermal conductivity. Laser processing of nickel foam improves its wettability, transforming the surface from superhydrophobic to hydrophilic, and increasing the surface roughness, which is more conducive to the solvothermal synthesis of NiSe on the nickel foam skeleton. At the same time, nickel selenide has good light absorption and photothermal conversion properties. These characteristics are conducive to the sample for efficient seawater desalination and thermoelectric power generation.

[0023] 2. The upper and lower surfaces of the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide of the present invention have completely different physical and chemical properties. The upper surface is sprayed with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, which can not only be modified to become hydrophobic, but also firmly blocks seawater in the hydrophilic layer of the nickel foam / nickel selenide below during the photothermal seawater desalination process, preventing salt accumulation on the upper surface and erosion of the light-absorbing layer, ensuring the operating stability of the evaporator and solving the complex salt cleaning problem.

[0024] 3. The Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide can not only desalinate seawater through interfacial evaporation, but also, in a wet state, by combining the sample with a TE module, the sample receives sunlight heat and transfers it to the upper surface of the TE module, creating a temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the module for thermoelectric power generation. According to the test, when the size of the selected TE module is (4*4) cm, the size of the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide is also (4*4) cm. In this way, under the irradiation of a strong sunlight (1kw m -2 ), while producing water, this thermoelectric generator can synchronously obtain a voltage of 95.7mV, equivalent to 5.98V m -2 .

[0025] 4. The water evaporation rate of the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide under one sun reached 2.22 kg·m -2 ·h -1 , which is higher than most of the composite materials for synergistic water and electricity production in current research work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a simplified diagram of Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide according to Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 Figures 2(a) and 2(b) are SEM images of the nickel foam / nickel selenide samples NiSe / NF prepared using different volume concentrations of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine in the present invention, wherein 2(a) and 2(b) are SEM images of the samples prepared when the volume concentration of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine is 100%, and 2(c)-2(d) are SEM images of the samples prepared when the volume concentration of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine is 57.1%.

[0028] Figure 3These are test diagrams of the evaporation performance of Junas nickel foam / nickel selenide according to Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 1 is a one-hour surface temperature curve of Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide according to Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a contact angle diagram of the upper and lower surfaces of Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a 20-hour cycle test chart of Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide in Example 1 of the present invention for desalinating seawater under a single light intensity.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide water and electricity production device according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 The voltage curve of the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide according to Example 1 of the present invention generated in one hour under different light intensities when generating electricity in a wet state.

[0034] Figure 9 The mass loss of the nickel foam / nickel selenide sample within one hour when the volume concentrations of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine are changed by the solvothermal method according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following is based on the attached Figure 1-9 The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] participate Figure 1 The steps of preparing Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide of the present invention are as follows:

[0038] Step 1: Preparation of laser-processed nickel foam

[0039] The nickel foam was cut into thin slices of 2cm*2cm and placed in a beaker. The slices were then ultrasonically cleaned with a 3M dilute hydrochloric acid solution for 30 minutes, washed with deionized water for 10 minutes, rinsed with anhydrous ethanol for 10 minutes, and washed with deionized water for 10 minutes. Finally, the cleaned foam metal was placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 30-50°C for 6 hours to obtain a clean foam metal. Laser processing was then performed by setting certain parameters: a laser processing power of 7W and a laser processing speed of 100mm / s to "change the wettability of the surface of the nickel foam substrate."

[0040] Step 2: Preparation of nickel foam / nickel selenide sample NiSe / NF synthesis method

[0041] Take 10 ml of chemically pure ethylene glycol solution and 10 ml of ethylenediamine solution respectively, and react with magnetic stirring for 30 minutes under closed conditions at room temperature. Then add deionized water to 35 ml and continue stirring for 15-20 minutes. Then add 0.2 g of Se powder and continue stirring for 30 minutes. After stirring, the required precursor solution is obtained. The precursor solution and the cleaned and laser-processed nickel foam are quickly transferred to the core of the reactor. The prepared reactor is then placed in an oven and kept warm at a temperature of about 160°C for 4-6 hours. After the reaction is completed, wait for the reactor to cool completely, and then the prepared composite material is removed with tweezers, washed several times with deionized water, and dried in a drying oven at 40°C for 6 hours to obtain nickel foam / nickel selenide.

[0042] Step 3: Preparation of Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide

[0043] The prepared nickel foam / nickel selenide was dried and taken out, and 1 ml of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane was measured and sprayed on the surface of the nickel foam / nickel selenide with a spray gun. After vacuum drying at 35° C. overnight, Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide was obtained.

[0044] Step 4: Application

[0045] Application 1: The Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide is used as an absorber and combined with polyethylene foam and cotton wool to make a photothermal evaporator sample. The polyethylene foam is used as an insulator to reduce heat conduction loss during evaporation, and the cotton wool is used as a transmission channel for seawater. The photothermal evaporator sample is then placed in a polytetrafluoroethylene container filled with seawater. The polytetrafluoroethylene reactor core container is placed on a balance and irradiated with a simulated light source. The mass changes at different times are recorded, the evaporation rate of seawater is calculated, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is then obtained.

[0046] Application 2: The Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide is used as an absorber and combined with the thermoelectric power generation module, polyethylene foam, and absorbent paper to construct Figure 7 The water and electricity generating device samples shown are from Figure 7 It can be seen that the water-generating and electricity-generating device is composed of a Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide absorber, absorbent paper, a thermoelectric power generation module and polyethylene foam from top to bottom. The polyethylene foam is used to reduce heat loss during evaporation, and the absorbent paper is used as a channel for seawater transmission. The water-generating and electricity-generating device sample is then placed in a large beaker filled with seawater, and the thermoelectric power generation module is connected to the electrochemical workstation. It is irradiated with a simulated light source, and the voltage values ​​generated at different times are recorded.

[0047] In order to adapt to the size of the thermoelectric power generation module, the absorber in the laboratory-built water-generating and power-generating device sample was assembled into a 4cm*4cm size by four samples prepared in Example 1. After testing, the water-generating and power-generating device sample had a single water production evaporation rate of 2.22kg·m under a single light intensity of Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide. -2 ·h -1 The unit voltage of the water-generating and electricity-generating device under one light intensity is 95.7mV when water evaporates in a wet state. This is equivalent to the unit voltage of the device constructed per square meter of absorber under one light intensity when water evaporates in a wet state is 5.98V m -2 .

[0048] from Figure 2 (c) and 2(d) SEM images of nickel foam / nickel selenide of the present invention show that nickel selenide with a flaky structure is synthesized on the surface of the nickel foam skeleton. When sunlight irradiates the surface, the flaky structure increases the scattering path of light and improves the utilization rate of sunlight, so that the nickel foam / nickel selenide has high light absorption and high photothermal conversion performance.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] The preparation process and parameters were the same as those in Example 1, except that the third step of spraying 1 ml of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane solution on the surface of the nickel foam / nickel selenide was not performed. The mass loss of the prepared nickel foam / nickel selenide under one sun intensity was 1.65 kg·m -2 ·h -1 ,like Figure 3 shown.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] Except that the third step of spraying 1 ml of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane solution on the surface of the nickel foam / nickel selenide with a spray gun was changed to spraying 0.5 ml, the other processes and parameters were the same as those in Example 1. The mass loss of the prepared Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide under one sun intensity was 1.73 kg·m -2 ·h -1 ,like Figure 3 shown.

[0053] Example 4

[0054] Except that the third step of spraying 1 ml of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane solution on the surface of the nickel foam / nickel selenide with a spray gun was changed to spraying 1.5 ml, the other processes and parameters were the same as those in Example 1. The mass loss of the prepared Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide under one sun intensity was 1.87 kg·m -2 ·h -1 ,like Figure 3 shown.

[0055] Compare Figure 3 The evaporation rates of Examples 1 to 4 show that spraying different volumes of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane solution on the surface of the nickel foam / nickel selenide has a certain impact on the evaporation rate of the prepared Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide. Spraying too much can clog the pores and hinder the upward transport of seawater, while spraying too little can result in poor surface hydrophobicity. Therefore, the present invention preferably sprays 1 ml of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane solution on the surface of a 2 cm*2 cm nickel foam / nickel selenide. Furthermore, since the fundamental requirement for thermoelectric power generation performance is excellent photothermal conversion performance, wet power generation testing was performed only in Example 1, which has the highest water evaporation rate.

[0056] from Figure 3 The mass loss curves of the four examples of the present invention, sprayed with different volumes of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane solution on the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide under one solar intensity, show that using this photothermal material as an absorber significantly increases the evaporation rate of seawater. After spraying with the hydrophobic substance hexadecyltrimethoxysilane solution, the evaporation rate of seawater also increases significantly, and the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide sprayed with 1ml of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane solution has the best performance. This also shows that the volume of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane solution sprayed during surface modification of nickel foam / nickel selenide affects the photothermal performance of the absorber.

[0057] from Figure 4 It can be seen from the temperature curves of the four embodiments of the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide of the present invention under one light intensity irradiation that the surface temperature of the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide sprayed with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane is higher than that of the original nickel foam and nickel foam / nickel selenide, indicating that the sample surface has excellent light-heat conversion ability.

[0058] from Figure 5 The contact angle diagrams of the upper and lower surfaces of the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide of the present invention show that the upper surface of the material is hydrophobic and the lower surface is hydrophilic.

[0059] Figure 6 The cycling test curve of the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide of the present invention shows that it can maintain a stable high evaporation rate under continuous sunlight and there is almost no salt precipitation on the sample surface before and after the cycle, indicating that the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide has excellent cycling stability and salt resistance during the seawater desalination process.

[0060] from Figure 8 The curve of the voltage per unit yield of the Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide of the present invention under different light intensities in a wet state is shown. As can be seen from the figure, the higher the light intensity, the higher the voltage per unit yield in the same time.

[0061] It should be noted that in the preparation of the nickel foam / nickel selenide sample NiSe / NF, the volume concentration of the ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine mixture must be strictly controlled to ensure that the resulting NiSe / NF has good photothermal performance. To verify this, two sets of experiments were conducted.

[0062] A group of nickel foam / nickel selenide samples NiSe / NF with different volume concentrations were obtained under the same conditions, except that the volume concentrations of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine in the mixed solution of Example 1 were changed, while other parameters remained unchanged. The mass loss of the nickel foam / nickel selenide samples NiSe / NF prepared with different volume concentrations of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine after one hour of light irradiation was analyzed. The analysis results are shown in Figure 9 ,from Figure 9 It can be seen that the volume concentration ratio of the mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine has a great influence on the evaporation rate of the nickel foam / nickel selenide NiSe / NF sample. Reducing the volume concentration of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine in the mixed solution can significantly increase the evaporation rate of the nickel foam / nickel selenide sample NiSe / NF, but the lower the better is not necessarily true. This shows that the volume concentration ratio of the mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine is not good when it is too high or too low. However, when the volume concentration of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine in the mixed solution is 57.1%, the evaporation rate of the nickel foam / nickel selenide sample NiSe / NF is significantly improved. Taking all factors into consideration, the present invention ultimately controls the volume concentration of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine in the mixed solution to be (50-60)%.

[0063] Another group of samples was prepared according to the experimental parameters of Example 1, with the volume concentration of the ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine mixture being 100%. The SEM images of the obtained samples are shown in FIG. Figure 2 (a) and 2(b), from Figure 2 As can be seen from the phase images of (a) and 2(b), the surface of the nickel foam / nickel selenide sample NiSe / NF material prepared when the volume concentration of the ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine mixture is 100% is smooth, while in contrast, the surface of the NiSe / NF material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention (see Figure 2 (c)-2(d)) The surface is rougher. The rough surface structure can increase light scattering and improve the utilization rate of sunlight, thereby enabling better solar thermal desalination and temperature difference power generation.

[0064] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that are not conceived through creative work should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A material based on interfacial evaporation to produce water and electricity, characterized in that: It uses laser-processed nickel foam as the substrate and selenium powder as the main raw material. Ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine are first used as the main solvents, and the solvent concentration and the amount of raw material added are controlled. The nickel foam / nickel selenide is synthesized by the solvent thermal method, and then hexadecyltrimethoxysilane is sprayed on the upper layer. After vacuum drying, a material with a Janus structure with different wettability on the upper and lower surfaces is obtained. This material is combined with a thermoelectric power generation module to produce water and electricity simultaneously.

2. The material based on interfacial evaporation synergistic water and electricity production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine are chemically pure. Equal volumes of the two are taken and diluted with water to form a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine, wherein the ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine together account for (50-60)% of the mixed solution.

3. The material based on interfacial evaporation synergistic water and electricity production according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine together account for 57.1% of the volume of the mixed solution.

4. The material based on interfacial evaporation synergistic water and electricity production according to claim 2, characterized in that: The amount of selenium powder added is 5-6 g of selenium powder per 1 liter of the mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine.

5. The material based on interfacial evaporation synergistic water and electricity production according to claim 4, characterized in that: The amount of selenium powder added is 5.71 grams per liter of the mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine.

6. A method for preparing a material based on interfacial evaporation for synergistic water and electricity production as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Laser processing nickel foam substrate The cleaned nickel foam substrate is laser processed to transform the upper and lower surfaces of the nickel foam from superhydrophobic to hydrophilic, thereby increasing the surface roughness and facilitating the subsequent solvothermal construction of nickel foam / nickel selenide materials. Step 2: Preparation of nickel foam / nickel selenide synthesis method Ethylene glycol and ethylenediamine are mixed in a sealed container in a certain proportion and diluted with water to a desired concentration. Selenium powder and laser-treated nickel foam are then added and reacted under heating conditions to obtain nickel foam / nickel selenide. Step 3: Preparation of Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide A layer of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane was sprayed on the surface of the prepared nickel foam / nickel selenide, and vacuum dried to obtain Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide.

7. The method for preparing a material based on interfacial evaporation for synergistic water and electricity production according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2, the heating condition refers to keeping the temperature at 150-170° C. for 4-6 hours.

8. A method for applying the material based on interfacial evaporation synergistic water and electricity production as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide is used as an absorber and combined with polyethylene foam and absorbent paper to form a photothermal evaporator. The thermoelectric power generation module is then installed between the polyethylene foam and absorbent paper of the photothermal evaporator to construct a water and power generation device.

9. A method for applying the material based on interfacial evaporation synergistic water and electricity production as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Janus nickel foam / nickel selenide was used as an absorber and combined with polyethylene foam and absorbent paper to make a photothermal evaporator.

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