Vegetable soilless culture fertilizer and processing method
By combining elemental fertilizers and organic fertilizers, a variety of nutrient elements are provided, and through specific processing methods, the problem of unmet nutritional needs of vegetables at different growth stages is solved, achieving a balanced nutrition supply and stress resistance of vegetables.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411753473.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-14
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to accurately provide various nutrient elements required by vegetables at different growth stages, especially the insufficient or unstable supply of medium trace elements, resulting in symptoms of deficiency of vegetables, such as yellow leaves and poor growth.
It provides a vegetable soilless cultivation fertilizer. By combining elemental fertilizers and organic fertilizers, it contains a variety of important nutrient elements, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, molybdenum, copper and other medium trace elements, and through specific processing methods, including stirring, precipitation, crushing, mixing, dissolution and preparation and filtration, to ensure the uniformity and stability of the fertilizer.
By providing a comprehensive and balanced nutritional supply, it meets the needs of vegetables at different growth stages, improves the resistance to lodging and pests and diseases of vegetables, enhances the strength of cell walls, improves the stress resistance and survival rate of vegetables, and improves the absorption efficiency of vegetables by controlling pH.
Smart Images
Figure CN119613168A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer production and processing, in particular to a vegetable soilless cultivation fertilizer and a processing method. Background Art
[0002] As people pay more and more attention to food safety and health, and land resources become increasingly scarce, vegetable soilless cultivation technology has been used more and more widely. Soilless cultivation is a cultivation method that does not rely on soil and provides plants with the nutrients they need for growth through nutrient solution. In soilless cultivation, the selection and processing methods of fertilizers play a vital role in the growth, development, and yield quality of vegetables.
[0003] Soilless cultivation fertilizer is a fertilizer specially used in soilless cultivation systems to provide plants with the nutrients they need for growth. In soilless cultivation, the roots of plants do not grow in the soil, but in nutrient solution, solid matrix or other special cultivation media.
[0004] It is difficult for existing technologies to accurately provide the various nutrients required by vegetables, especially the insufficient or unstable supply of trace elements, which cannot meet the needs of different growth stages. Vegetables have different nutritional requirements at different growth stages, resulting in nutrient deficiency symptoms in vegetables, such as yellow leaves and poor growth. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a vegetable soilless cultivation fertilizer and a processing method to solve the problem that vegetables have different nutritional requirements at different growth stages, resulting in nutrient deficiency symptoms in vegetables, such as yellow leaves and poor growth.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A soilless cultivation fertilizer for vegetables, comprising: Elemental fertilizers, including ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, nitric acid, calcium chloride, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; Organic fertilizers, including chicken manure, cake fertilizer, humic acid potash fertilizer, bran, superphosphate, mineral potash fertilizer and nitrate-free nitrogen fertilizer.
[0007] Preferably, the amounts of various fertilizers in the elemental fertilizer are ammonium sulfate, 200-400 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 200-350 parts of potassium nitrate, 40-70 parts of magnesium sulfate, 50-70 parts of calcium nitrate, 50-80 parts of calcium chloride, 10-20 parts of zinc sulfate, 15-30 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8-20 parts of sodium molybdate, 10-26 parts of copper sulfate, 5-15 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 5-15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-15 parts of ammonium hydrogen phosphate, and 5-15 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The proportions of various items in the organic fertilizer are 40-50% chicken manure, 3-5% humic acid potash fertilizer, 4-7% bran, 3.5-6% superphosphate, 3.5-6% mineral potash fertilizer, 15-20% nitrate-free nitrogen fertilizer, and the rest is cake fertilizer.
[0008] A method for processing vegetable soilless culture fertilizer comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare elemental fertilizers. Prepare materials according to the amount for later use. Add purified water or deionized water into the first stirring device. Slowly add the weighed elemental fertilizer raw materials into the water one by one, stir while adding to fully dissolve them, and then take them out for precipitation for later use. S2, prepare organic fertilizer, first pile up the collected chicken manure in a well-ventilated place, start the compost turning machine to turn the fertilizer pile according to the preset time interval, the strong stirring and turning function of the compost turning machine allows the chicken manure organic matter inside the fertilizer pile to be fully exposed to air, and take it out for use after it is fully decomposed; S3, fertilizer mixing, first prepare the processed element fertilizer solution and organic fertilizer, and put them into a stainless steel barrel for standby, and prepare them according to the stage of plant cultivation. First, introduce the organic fertilizer into the second mixing device, crush it to uniform fineness, and then slowly pour the element fertilizer solution into the organic fertilizer while stirring. After mixing, take it out and put it into a stainless steel container to stand; S4, dissolving and mixing, and testing the fertilizer after mixing and standing. When the pH value exceeds the target value, add citric acid or phosphoric acid for initial stirring, and then test again. When it still exceeds the target value, continue to add citric acid or phosphoric acid for stirring until the pH value drops to within the target value. When the pH value is too low, add potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide for stirring until it reaches the target value. S5. Filter particles. Slowly pour the mixed and static fertilizer into the filtering equipment to avoid pouring too quickly to cause blockage or insufficient filtration. Use gravity filtration or pressurized filtration to let the fertilizer pass naturally and observe the filtration process. If the filtration speed is found to be slow or blocked, clean the filtration equipment in time to ensure smooth filtration. After filtration, package and complete the preparation.
[0009] Preferably, in S1, the order in which the fertilizers are added to the first stirring device is as follows: after the dissolution container and an appropriate amount of water are prepared, ammonium sulfate is immediately added and stirred for 5-10 minutes to fully dissolve it; within 2-3 minutes after the ammonium sulfate is dissolved, monoammonium phosphate is added and stirred for 8-10 minutes; potassium nitrate is added 3-5 minutes after the monoammonium phosphate is dissolved and stirred for 10-15 minutes; magnesium sulfate is added 3-5 minutes after the potassium nitrate is dissolved and stirred for 8-12 minutes; calcium nitrate is added 5-8 minutes after the magnesium sulfate is dissolved and stirred for 10-15 minutes; calcium chloride is added 8-10 minutes after the calcium nitrate is dissolved and stirred for 12-15 minutes; and calcium chloride is added 5-8 minutes after the calcium chloride is dissolved and stirred for 12-15 minutes. Zinc sulfate is added 3-5 minutes after the zinc sulfate is dissolved, and stirred for 8-10 minutes. Ferrous sulfate is added 3-5 minutes after the zinc sulfate is dissolved, and stirred rapidly for 5-8 minutes. Sodium molybdate is added 3-5 minutes after the ferrous sulfate is dissolved, and stirred for 5-8 minutes. Copper sulfate is added 3-5 minutes after the sodium molybdate is dissolved, and stirred for 5-8 minutes. Potassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added 5-8 minutes after the copper sulfate is dissolved, and stirred for 10-15 minutes. Finally, ammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are added, and stirred for 10-15 minutes. The precipitation time is 30-60 minutes. The stirring temperature of the first stirrer is 20° C.-25° C., and the rotation speed of the first stirrer is 100-300 rpm.
[0010] Preferably, the order in which the materials of organic fertilizer in S2 are added to the compost turning machine is as follows: chicken manure is piled up immediately after the fermentation site is prepared to start the decomposition process, cake fertilizer is added 1-2 days after the chicken manure is piled up and starts to heat up, humic acid potash fertilizer is added 1-2 days after the cake fertilizer is added, bran is added 1 day after the humic acid potash fertilizer is added, superphosphate is added 2-3 days after the bran is added, and mineral potash fertilizer is added 1-2 days after the superphosphate is added. During the middle and late stages of the entire fermentation process, nitrate-free nitrogen fertilizer is added 7-12 days after the start of fermentation when the fertilizer is basically decomposed and other ingredients are evenly mixed, and the turning time of the compost turning machine is 1-2 days / time.
[0011] Preferably, in S3, the crushing speed of the second mixing device is 1000-3000 rpm, the mixing speed is 30-100 rpm, the stirring time is 15-30 minutes, and the standing time is 60-120 minutes.
[0012] Preferably, in S4, the amount of citric acid or phosphoric acid added is 0.1-0.5 ml / time, the amount of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide added is 0.1-0.3 g / time, the stirring speed is 30-60 rpm, the stirring time each time is 5-15 minutes, and the target pH value is 5.5-6.5.
[0013] Preferably, in S5, the pore size of the filter holes of the gravity filtration device is 100-200 mesh, and the material is stainless steel or nylon. The pressure of the pressurized filtration device is 0.1-0.5 MPa, the pore size of the filter holes is 10-50 cm, and the material is stainless steel.
[0014] The present invention provides a vegetable soilless cultivation fertilizer and a processing method thereof. The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention has a variety of important nutrient elements after mixing, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements in magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, molybdenum, copper and organic fertilizers, providing rich organic matter and nutrients, ensuring that vegetables can obtain a comprehensive and balanced nutrient supply under soilless cultivation conditions, meeting the effect of being usable at all growth stages.
[0015] 2. The present invention can enhance the lodging resistance and disease and insect pest resistance of vegetables through the elemental fertilizer potassium; the calcium element can enhance the strength of the cell wall and improve the stress resistance of vegetables; zinc, iron, molybdenum and copper participate in the physiological metabolic process of plants, greatly improving the stress resistance of vegetables and ensuring the survival rate of cultivated vegetables.
[0016] 3. The present invention can improve the absorption efficiency of nutrients by vegetables by controlling the pH value within an appropriate range. The addition of citric acid, phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide can adjust the pH of the fertilizer solution to make it closer to the optimal pH value for vegetable growth, further improving the absorption of nutrients by vegetable roots. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0019] Please see attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a vegetable soilless cultivation fertilizer, comprising: elemental fertilizers, including ammonium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, nitric acid, calcium chloride, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; Organic fertilizers include chicken manure, cake fertilizer, humic acid potash fertilizer, bran, superphosphate, mineral potash fertilizer and nitrate-free nitrogen fertilizer.
[0020] The amounts of various fertilizers in the elemental fertilizer are 200-400 parts of ammonium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate, 200-350 parts of potassium nitrate, 40-70 parts of magnesium sulfate, 50-70 parts of calcium nitrate, 50-80 parts of calcium chloride, 10-20 parts of zinc sulfate, 15-30 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8-20 parts of sodium molybdate, 10-26 parts of copper sulfate, 5-15 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 5-15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-15 parts of ammonium hydrogen phosphate, and 5-15 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The proportions of various items in the organic fertilizer are 40-50% chicken manure, 3-5% humic acid potash fertilizer, 4-7% bran, 3.5-6% superphosphate, 3.5-6% mineral potash fertilizer, 15-20% nitrate-free nitrogen fertilizer, and the rest are cake fertilizer.
[0021] Specifically, ammonium sulfate provides nitrogen, which promotes the nutritional growth of plants and makes vegetables lush. Monoammonium phosphate contains both phosphorus and nitrogen. Phosphorus contributes to the growth and development of plant roots, as well as flower bud differentiation and fruit ripening. Nitrogen participates in the protein synthesis life activities of plants. Potassium nitrate provides nitrogen and potassium. Potassium can enhance the stress resistance of plants, such as lodging resistance, disease and pest resistance, and also contributes to photosynthesis and product transport. Magnesium is an important component of plant chlorophyll, which is essential for photosynthesis and can promote the activity of enzymes in plants. Calcium nitrate provides calcium and nitrogen. Calcium enhances the strength of plant cell walls and prevents physiological diseases of vegetables, such as navel rot. Nitrogen participates in plant growth metabolism. Calcium chloride provides calcium, further supplements calcium nutrition, and enhances the stress resistance and quality of plants. Zinc sulfate is a component of many enzymes, participates in the growth and development process of plants, and plays an important role in the reproductive growth and stress resistance of plants. Ferrous sulfate provides iron to prevent and correct plant iron deficiency chlorosis. Iron is present in the leaves of plants. It plays a key role in the physiological process of chlorophyll synthesis and respiration. Sodium molybdate and molybdenum participate in the nitrogen metabolism process of plants and are particularly important for nitrogen fixation in leguminous plants. Copper sulfate is a cofactor of certain enzymes and has a certain influence on the photosynthesis and respiration physiological processes of plants. Potassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate provide phosphorus and potassium elements, regulate the physiological metabolism of plants, promote plant growth, flowering and fruiting, ammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate provide nitrogen and phosphorus elements, meet the needs of plants for these two important elements, and promote the overall growth and development of plants. Chicken manure provides rich organic matter and a variety of nutrients to improve soil structure and fertility. Cake fertilizer contains protein and oil, and provides nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition and organic matter after decomposition. Humic acid potash fertilizer is rich in humic acid and potassium, which improves soil structure and fertilizer and water retention capacity. Potassium enhances stress resistance. Bran adjusts the carbon-nitrogen ratio, promotes microbial activity, accelerates decomposition, and increases fertilizer looseness. Superphosphate provides phosphorus to meet the growth needs of vegetables. Mineral potash fertilizer provides potassium, which is important for the physiological process of plant stress resistance.
[0022] A method for processing vegetable soilless culture fertilizer comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare elemental fertilizer: first prepare materials according to the amount for later use, add purified water or deionized water into the first stirring device, slowly add the weighed elemental fertilizer raw materials into the water one by one, stir while adding, so that they are fully dissolved, and then take them out for precipitation for later use; S2, preparing organic fertilizer: first, the collected chicken manure is piled up in a well-ventilated place, and according to the preset time interval, a compost turning machine is started to turn the fertilizer pile. The strong stirring and turning function of the compost turning machine allows the chicken manure organic matter inside the fertilizer pile to be fully exposed to air, and the compost is taken out for use after it is fully decomposed; S3, fertilizer mixing: first prepare the processed element fertilizer solution and organic fertilizer, and put them into a stainless steel barrel for standby use, and prepare them according to the stage of plant cultivation. First, introduce the organic fertilizer into the second mixing device, crush it to uniform fineness, and then slowly pour the element fertilizer solution into the organic fertilizer while stirring. After mixing, take it out and put it into a stainless steel container to stand; S4, dissolving and blending: testing the fertilizer after mixing and standing, adding citric acid or phosphoric acid for initial stirring when the pH value exceeds the target value, and then testing again, and continuing to add citric acid or phosphoric acid for stirring when the pH value still exceeds the target value until the pH value drops to within the target value, and adding potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide for stirring when the pH value is too low until it reaches within the target value; S5. Filter particles: slowly pour the mixed and static fertilizer into the filtering equipment, use gravity filtration or pressure filtration to let the fertilizer pass naturally, observe the filtering process, if the filtering speed is found to be slow or blocked, clean the filtering equipment in time to ensure smooth filtration, and package after filtration to complete the preparation.
[0023] In S1, the order of adding fertilizers into the first stirring device is as follows: after preparing the dissolution container and an appropriate amount of water, immediately add ammonium sulfate and stir for 5-10 minutes to fully dissolve it; within 2-3 minutes after the ammonium sulfate is dissolved, add monoammonium phosphate and continue stirring for 8-10 minutes; 3-5 minutes after the monoammonium phosphate is dissolved, add potassium nitrate and stir for 10-15 minutes; 3-5 minutes after the potassium nitrate is dissolved, add magnesium sulfate and stir for 8-12 minutes; 5-8 minutes after the magnesium sulfate is dissolved, add calcium nitrate and stir for 10-15 minutes; 8-10 minutes after the calcium nitrate is dissolved, add calcium chloride and stir for 12-15 minutes; 5-8 minutes after the calcium chloride is dissolved, add calcium chloride and stir for 12-15 minutes; 5-8 minutes after the calcium chloride is dissolved, add calcium nitrate and stir for 10-15 minutes. minutes after the zinc sulfate is dissolved, stir for 8-10 minutes, add ferrous sulfate 3-5 minutes after the zinc sulfate is dissolved, and stir quickly for 5-8 minutes, add sodium molybdate 3-5 minutes after the ferrous sulfate is dissolved, and stir for 5-8 minutes, add copper sulfate 3-5 minutes after the sodium molybdate is dissolved, and stir for 5-8 minutes, add potassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5-8 minutes after the copper sulfate is dissolved, stir for 10-15 minutes, finally add ammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, stir for 10-15 minutes, the precipitation time is 30-60 minutes, the stirring temperature of the first stirrer is 20°C-25°C, and the speed of the first stirrer is 100-300 rpm.
[0024] Specifically, each fertilizer has different dissolution characteristics. Adding them in a specific order allows the first fertilizer to be fully dissolved before adding subsequent fertilizers to avoid mutual influence between the dissolution process of different fertilizers. Different fertilizer components may undergo chemical reactions during the dissolution process. The specific order of addition can control the timing and extent of these reactions. By gradually adding different fertilizer components and giving appropriate stirring time, various fertilizers can be fully mixed in the solution to achieve a uniform state. This ensures that vegetables can obtain a balanced nutrient supply during soilless cultivation.
[0025] In S2, the order of adding the materials of organic fertilizer into the compost turning machine is as follows: after the fermentation site is prepared, chicken manure is immediately piled up to start the composting process, cake fertilizer is added 1-2 days after the chicken manure is piled up and starts to heat up, humic acid potassium fertilizer is added 1-2 days after the cake fertilizer is added, bran is added 1-2 days after the humic acid potassium fertilizer is added, superphosphate is added 2-3 days after the bran is added, and mineral potassium fertilizer is added 1-2 days after the superphosphate is added. In the middle and late stages of the entire fermentation process, 7-12 days after the start of fermentation, when the fertilizer is basically decomposed and other ingredients are evenly mixed, nitrate-free nitrogen fertilizer is added, and the compost turning machine turns over 1-2 days / time.
[0026] Specifically, adding organic fertilizer materials in stages helps control the fermentation process. First, piling up chicken manure to start the decomposition process provides a basic fermentation environment for the subsequent addition of fertilizers. Adding different fertilizers at specific time intervals allows various organic components to gradually participate in the fermentation reaction, avoiding one-time addition that causes excessive or uneven reactions. Regular turning of the compost turner can promote full contact between the internal materials of the fertilizer pile and the air, speed up the decomposition speed, and evenly mix different fertilizer components to improve the fermentation quality.
[0027] In S3, the pulverizing speed of the second mixing device is 1000-3000 rpm, the mixing speed is 30-100 rpm, the stirring time is 15-30 minutes, and the standing time is 60-120 minutes.
[0028] Specifically, by pulverizing at 1000 rpm, the contact area is larger when it is subsequently mixed with the elemental fertilizer solution. At the same time, the particles of the organic fertilizer are further pulverized to ensure the uniformity of the organic fertilizers pulverized in the same batch to prevent caking and residual larger particles. By mixing at a speed of 30 / min, the two fertilizers can be evenly blended together. 15 minutes ensure that each part of the fertilizer contains various nutrients in appropriate proportions, providing a stable and balanced nutrient supply for soilless vegetable cultivation. Standing for 60 minutes further ensures that no residue inside is precipitated to ensure the stability of the fertilizer.
[0029] In S4, the amount of citric acid or phosphoric acid added is 0.1-0.5 ml / time, the amount of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide added is 0.1-0.3 g / time, the stirring speed is 30-60 rpm, the stirring time is 5-15 minutes each time, and the target pH value is 5.5-6.5.
[0030] Specifically, phosphoric acid is used to lower the pH value to ensure the stability of the subsequent use of the fertilizer, and to ensure the mildness of the fertilizer, so that vegetables can adapt to the acidity and alkalinity environment. The appropriate pH value helps vegetables to absorb and utilize nutrients. Stirring is carried out at a speed of 30 rpm for 5 minutes. The moderate speed can ensure that the added phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide is fully mixed with the nutrient solution, and will not generate excessive foam or cause excessive shear damage to the components in the nutrient solution due to too fast stirring speed.
[0031] S5: The pore size of the filter screen of the gravity filtration equipment is 100-200 mesh, and the material is stainless steel or nylon. The pressure of the pressurized filtration equipment is 0.1-0.5MPa, the pore size of the filter screen is 10-50 cm, and the material is stainless steel.
[0032] Specifically, the filter mesh of the gravity filtration equipment has an aperture of 100 mesh and is made of stainless steel. This filter mesh can effectively filter larger particle impurities. The stainless steel material has good corrosion resistance and durability, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the filtration equipment and providing reliable guarantee for the filtration of soilless vegetable cultivation fertilizers.
[0033] The following is further introduced in conjunction with specific embodiments: Embodiment 1: The amounts of various fertilizers in the elemental fertilizer are 400 parts of ammonium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate, 350 parts of potassium nitrate, 70 parts of magnesium sulfate, 70 parts of calcium nitrate, 80 parts of calcium chloride, 20 parts of zinc sulfate, 30 parts of ferrous sulfate, 20 parts of sodium molybdate, 26 parts of copper sulfate, 15 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of ammonium hydrogen phosphate, and 15 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The proportions of various items in the organic fertilizer are 50% chicken manure, 5% humic acid potash fertilizer, 7% bran, 6% superphosphate, 3.5% mineral potash fertilizer, 15% nitrate-free nitrogen fertilizer, and the rest is cake fertilizer.
[0034] The processing method of the above-mentioned vegetable soilless culture fertilizer comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare elemental fertilizers. Prepare materials according to the amount for later use. Add purified water or deionized water into the first stirring device. Slowly add the weighed elemental fertilizer raw materials into the water one by one, stir while adding to fully dissolve them, and then take them out for precipitation for later use. S2, prepare organic fertilizer, first pile up the collected chicken manure in a well-ventilated place, start the compost turning machine to turn the fertilizer pile according to the preset time interval, the strong stirring and turning function of the compost turning machine allows the chicken manure organic matter inside the fertilizer pile to be fully exposed to air, and take it out for use after it is fully decomposed; S3, fertilizer mixing, first prepare the processed element fertilizer solution and organic fertilizer, and put them into a stainless steel barrel for standby, and prepare them according to the stage of plant cultivation. First, introduce the organic fertilizer into the second mixing device, crush it to uniform fineness, and then slowly pour the element fertilizer solution into the organic fertilizer while stirring. After mixing, take it out and put it into a stainless steel container to stand; S4, dissolving and mixing, and testing the fertilizer after mixing and standing. When the pH value exceeds the target value, add citric acid or phosphoric acid for initial stirring, and then test again. When it still exceeds the target value, continue to add citric acid or phosphoric acid for stirring until the pH value drops to within the target value. When the pH value is too low, add potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide for stirring until it reaches the target value. S5. Filter particles. Slowly pour the mixed and static fertilizer into the filtering equipment to avoid pouring too quickly to cause blockage or insufficient filtration. Use gravity filtration or pressurized filtration to let the fertilizer pass naturally and observe the filtration process. If the filtration speed is found to be slow or blocked, clean the filtration equipment in time to ensure smooth filtration. After filtration, package and complete the preparation.
[0035] In S1, the order of adding fertilizers into the first stirring device is as follows: after preparing the dissolution container and an appropriate amount of water, add ammonium sulfate immediately and stir for 10 minutes to fully dissolve it; add monoammonium phosphate within 3 minutes after the ammonium sulfate dissolves and continue stirring for 10 minutes; add potassium nitrate 5 minutes after the monoammonium phosphate dissolves and stir for 15 minutes; add magnesium sulfate 5 minutes after the potassium nitrate dissolves and stir for 12 minutes; add calcium nitrate 8 minutes after the magnesium sulfate dissolves and stir for 15 minutes; add calcium chloride 10 minutes after the calcium nitrate dissolves and stir for 15 minutes; the calcium chloride dissolves; Zinc sulfate is added 8 minutes after the solution and stirred for 10 minutes. Ferrous sulfate is added 5 minutes after the zinc sulfate is dissolved and stirred rapidly for 8 minutes. Sodium molybdate is added 5 minutes after the ferrous sulfate is dissolved and stirred for 8 minutes. Copper sulfate is added 5 minutes after the sodium molybdate is dissolved and stirred for 8 minutes. Potassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added 8 minutes after the copper sulfate is dissolved and stirred for 15 minutes. Finally, ammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are added and stirred for 15 minutes. The precipitation time is 60 minutes. The stirring temperature of the first stirrer is 25°C and the speed of the first stirrer is 300 rpm.
[0036] In S2, the order of adding the materials of organic fertilizer into the compost turning machine is as follows: after the fermentation site is prepared, chicken manure is immediately piled up to start the composting process, cake fertilizer is added 2 days after the chicken manure is piled up and starts to heat up, humic acid potassium fertilizer is added 2 days after the cake fertilizer is added, bran is added 2 days after the humic acid potassium fertilizer is added, superphosphate is added 3 days after the bran is added, and mineral potassium fertilizer is added 2 days after the superphosphate is added. In the middle and late stages of the entire fermentation process, nitrate-free nitrogen fertilizer is added 12 days after the start of fermentation when the fertilizer is basically decomposed and other ingredients are evenly mixed. The turning time of the compost turning machine is 2 days / time.
[0037] In S3, the pulverizing speed of the second mixing device is 3000 rpm, the mixing speed is 100 rpm, the stirring time is 30 minutes, and the standing time is 120 minutes.
[0038] In S4, the amount of citric acid or phosphoric acid added is 0.1-0.5 ml / time, the amount of sodium hydroxide added is 0.3 g / time, the stirring speed is 60 rpm, the stirring time is 15 minutes each time, and the target pH value is 6.5.
[0039] The pressure of the S5 medium and pressurized filtration equipment is 0.5MPa, the aperture of the filter holes is 1 square meter, and the material is stainless steel.
[0040] Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment 1 is that: The amounts of various fertilizers in the elemental fertilizer are 200 parts of ammonium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate, 200 parts of potassium nitrate, 40 parts of magnesium sulfate, 50 parts of calcium nitrate, 50 parts of calcium chloride, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8-20 parts of sodium molybdate, 10 parts of copper sulfate, 5 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of ammonium hydrogen phosphate, and 5 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The proportions of various items in the organic fertilizer are 40% chicken manure, 3% humic acid potash fertilizer, 4% bran, 3.5% superphosphate, 6% mineral potash fertilizer, 20% nitrate-free nitrogen fertilizer, and the rest is cake fertilizer.
[0041] Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 is that: The amounts of various fertilizers in the elemental fertilizer are 300 parts of ammonium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate, 280 parts of potassium nitrate, 55 parts of magnesium sulfate, 60 parts of calcium nitrate, 70 parts of calcium chloride, 15 parts of zinc sulfate, 25 parts of ferrous sulfate, 15 parts of sodium molybdate, 17 parts of copper sulfate, 10 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of ammonium hydrogen phosphate, and 10 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The proportions of various fertilizers in the organic fertilizer are 15% chicken manure, 4% humic acid potash fertilizer, 5% bran, 4.5% superphosphate, 4.5% mineral potash fertilizer, 17% nitrate-free nitrogen fertilizer, and the rest is cake fertilizer.
[0042] Table 1: contrast Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Plant height (cm) 45 50 48 Root thickness (cm) 1.2 1.5 1.3 Number of leaves / pieces 25 30 28 Tree weight (g) 300 350 320 The vegetables compared in the above table are cucumber seedlings. It can be seen from Table 1 that different amounts of ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, etc. can affect the supply levels of the main elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and thus affect the growth rate, yield and quality of cucumber seedlings. Different amounts of trace elements play different roles in the photosynthesis and enzyme activity of cucumber seedlings. Different proportions of chicken manure will affect the supply of organic matter and various nutrients. Changes in the proportion of humic acid potassium fertilizer may affect soil structure improvement and potassium supply. Adjustment of the bran proportion affects the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fertilizer, and thus affects microbial activity and fertilizer maturity rate. Changes in the proportions of superphosphate and mineral potassium fertilizers will affect the supply of phosphorus, potassium and other elements.
[0043] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A soilless cultivation fertilizer for vegetables, characterized in that: include: elemental fertilizers, including ammonium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, nitric acid, calcium chloride, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; Organic fertilizers include chicken manure, cake fertilizer, humic acid potash fertilizer, bran, superphosphate, mineral potash fertilizer and nitrate-free nitrogen fertilizer.
2. A vegetable soilless cultivation fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amounts of various fertilizers in the elemental fertilizer are 200-400 parts of ammonium sulfate and monoammonium phosphate, 200-350 parts of potassium nitrate, 40-70 parts of magnesium sulfate, 50-70 parts of calcium nitrate, 50-80 parts of calcium chloride, 10-20 parts of zinc sulfate, 15-30 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8-20 parts of sodium molybdate, 10-26 parts of copper sulfate, 5-15 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 5-15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-15 parts of ammonium hydrogen phosphate, and 5-15 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The proportions of various items in the organic fertilizer are 40-50% of chicken manure, 3-5% of humic acid potash fertilizer, 4-7% of bran, 3.5-6% of superphosphate, 3.5-6% of mineral potash fertilizer, 15-20% of nitrate-free fertilizer, and the rest is cake fertilizer.
3. A method for processing a vegetable soilless cultivation fertilizer, according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Prepare elemental fertilizer: first prepare materials according to the amount for later use, add purified water or deionized water into the first stirring device, slowly add the weighed elemental fertilizer raw materials into the water one by one, stir while adding, so that they are fully dissolved, and then take them out for precipitation for later use; S2, preparing organic fertilizer: first, the collected chicken manure is piled up in a well-ventilated place, and according to the preset time interval, a compost turning machine is started to turn the fertilizer pile. The strong stirring and turning function of the compost turning machine allows the chicken manure organic matter inside the fertilizer pile to be fully exposed to air, and the compost is taken out for use after it is fully decomposed; S3, fertilizer mixing: first prepare the processed element fertilizer solution and organic fertilizer, and put them into a stainless steel barrel for standby use, and prepare them according to the stage of plant cultivation. First, introduce the organic fertilizer into the second mixing device, crush it to uniform fineness, and then slowly pour the element fertilizer solution into the organic fertilizer while stirring. After mixing, take it out and put it into a stainless steel container to stand; S4, dissolving and blending: testing the fertilizer after mixing and standing, adding citric acid or phosphoric acid for initial stirring when the pH value exceeds the target value, and then testing again, and continuing to add citric acid or phosphoric acid for stirring when the pH value still exceeds the target value until the pH value drops to within the target value, and adding potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide for stirring when the pH value is too low until it reaches within the target value; S5. Filter particles: slowly pour the mixed and static fertilizer into the filtering equipment, use gravity filtration or pressure filtration to let the fertilizer pass naturally, observe the filtering process, if the filtering speed is found to be slow or blocked, clean the filtering equipment in time to ensure smooth filtration, and package after filtration to complete the preparation.
4. The method for processing a soilless vegetable cultivation fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S1, the order of adding fertilizers into the first stirring device is as follows: after preparing the dissolution container and an appropriate amount of water, immediately add ammonium sulfate and stir for 5-10 minutes to fully dissolve it; add monoammonium phosphate within 2-3 minutes after the ammonium sulfate dissolves, and continue stirring for 8-10 minutes; add potassium nitrate 3-5 minutes after the monoammonium phosphate dissolves, and stir for 10-15 minutes; add magnesium sulfate 3-5 minutes after the potassium nitrate dissolves, and stir for 8-12 minutes; add calcium nitrate 5-8 minutes after the magnesium sulfate dissolves, and stir for 10-15 minutes; add calcium chloride 8-10 minutes after the calcium nitrate dissolves, and stir for 12-15 minutes; add calcium chloride 5-8 minutes after the calcium chloride dissolves, and stir for 12-15 minutes; add potassium nitrate 5-8 minutes after the calcium nitrate dissolves, and stir for 12-15 minutes; add calcium chloride 5-8 minutes after the calcium chloride dissolves, and stir for 12-15 minutes. Add zinc sulfate and stir for 8-10 minutes. Add ferrous sulfate 3-5 minutes after the zinc sulfate is dissolved and stir quickly for 5-8 minutes. Add sodium molybdate 3-5 minutes after the ferrous sulfate is dissolved and stir for 5-8 minutes. Add copper sulfate 3-5 minutes after the sodium molybdate is dissolved and stir for 5-8 minutes. Add potassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5-8 minutes after the copper sulfate is dissolved and stir for 10-15 minutes. Finally, add ammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and stir for 10-15 minutes. The precipitation time is 30-60 minutes. The stirring temperature of the first stirrer is 20° C.-25° C., and the rotation speed of the first stirrer is 100-300 rpm.
5. The method for processing a soilless vegetable cultivation fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S2, the order of adding the materials of organic fertilizer into the compost turning machine is as follows: after the fermentation site is prepared, chicken manure is immediately piled up to start the decomposition process, cake fertilizer is added 1-2 days after the chicken manure is piled up and starts to heat up, humic acid potassium fertilizer is added 1-2 days after the cake fertilizer is added, bran is added 1-2 days after the humic acid potassium fertilizer is added, superphosphate is added 2-3 days after the bran is added, and mineral potassium fertilizer is added 1-2 days after the superphosphate is added. During the middle and late stages of the entire fermentation process, 7-12 days after the start of fermentation, when the fertilizer is basically decomposed and other ingredients are evenly mixed, nitrate-free nitrogen fertilizer is added, and the turning time of the compost turning machine is 1-2 days / time.
6. The method for processing a soilless vegetable cultivation fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S3, the pulverizing speed of the second mixing device is 1000-3000 rpm, the mixing speed is 30-100 rpm, the stirring time is 15-30 minutes, and the standing time is 60-120 minutes.
7. The method for processing a vegetable soilless cultivation fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S4, the amount of citric acid or phosphoric acid added is 0.1-0.5 ml / time, the amount of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide added is 0.1-0.3 g / time, the stirring speed is 30-60 rpm, the stirring time is 5-15 minutes each time, and the target pH value is 5.5-6.
5.
8. The method for processing a soilless vegetable cultivation fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S5, the pore size of the filter screen of the gravity filtration device is 100-200 mesh, and the material is stainless steel or nylon. The pressure of the pressurized filtration device is 0.1-0.5MPa, the pore size of the filter screen is 10-50 cm, and the material is stainless steel.