Thermal management system, lighting device and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat management system, a lighting device and a vehicle, the heat management system comprises an air loop and a cooling loop, the air loop is used for communicating with a heating component, the air loop comprises a heat exchange device, a driving device and an air guide pipe, and the heat exchange device, the driving device and the heating component communicate through the air guide pipe; the driving device is used for driving air in the air loop to circulate in one direction, the cooling loop is connected to the heat exchange device, and the cooling loop is used for conducting heat exchange with air in the heat exchange device so that the temperature of the air in the heat exchange device can be reduced. According to the structure, waste cold of the heat management system can be utilized, the heat dissipation and dehumidification functions of the interior of the heating component can be achieved at the same time, the heat dissipation efficiency is high, the heat dissipation requirement of the high-power heating component can be met, the dehumidification effect is good, the reliability of the heating component is improved, driving safety is guaranteed, the structure is simple, cost is low, energy consumption can be reduced, and popularization is easy. Demisting materials such as demisting paint and a drying agent do not need to be used, and energy conservation and environmental protection are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vehicles, and in particular to a thermal management system, a lighting device and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the innovation and continuous development of new energy vehicle technology, headlights have also evolved from the original single lighting attribute to personalized appearance, safe interaction and intelligent driving, and light sources have also evolved from traditional incandescent / halogen / xenon to power LED and laser, making the headlights in the field of new energy vehicles smaller and smaller, and the light source power larger and larger. In a small and sealed complex headlight environment, the light source power is large, the temperature is high during the lighting process, and the local water vapor inside the headlight is easy to condense, which easily causes the lampshade to fog, which poses a more severe challenge to the heat dissipation and defogging in the headlight. In the prior art, the heat dissipation function and dehumidification function in the headlight are respectively realized by two different devices. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present application provides a thermal management system, a lighting device and a vehicle to solve the problem in the prior art that the heat dissipation function and the dehumidification function in the heat generating component are respectively implemented by two different devices.

[0004] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a thermal management system, including an air circuit and a cooling circuit, wherein the air circuit is used to communicate with a heat-generating component, the air circuit includes a heat exchange device, a drive device and an air duct, the heat exchange device, the drive device and the heat-generating component are connected through the air duct, the drive device is used to drive the air in the air circuit to circulate in one direction, the cooling circuit is connected to the heat exchange device, and the cooling circuit is used to exchange heat with the air in the heat exchange device to reduce the air temperature in the heat exchange device.

[0005] In the present application, when the driving device drives the air circulation in the air duct, the air with a higher temperature in the air circuit can exchange heat with the cooling circuit in the heat exchange device, so that the air temperature in the air circuit is reduced, thereby reducing the temperature in the heating component, and realizing the heat dissipation function inside the heating component. At the same time, when the air in the air circuit exchanges heat with the cooling circuit in the heat exchange device, the water molecules in the air with a higher temperature are also easy to condense at the cooling circuit, so that the humidity in the air in the air circuit can be reduced, thereby avoiding the internal fogging or condensation of the heating component during the working process, and realizing the active dehumidification function inside the heating component. In this structure, the residual cold of the thermal management system can be utilized to realize the heat dissipation and dehumidification functions inside the heating component at the same time, the heat dissipation efficiency is high, the heat dissipation requirements of high-power heating components can be met, the dehumidification effect is good, the reliability of the heating component is improved, and the driving safety is ensured. The structure is simple, which is convenient for the platform arrangement of the thermal management system and the heating component in the engine compartment, and the cost is low. In addition, the structure makes full use of the residual cold of the thermal management system, reduces the energy consumption of the vehicle, and does not need to use defogging paint, desiccant and other defogging materials, which is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0006] In a possible design, the heat exchange device includes a shell, the shell is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the heat exchange device is connected to the heat-generating component through the air inlet, and the heat exchange device is connected to the driving device through the air outlet.

[0007] In this solution, the cooling air with low temperature and humidity flowing out through the air outlet of the heat exchange device is driven by the driving device to enter the interior of the heat-generating component to dissipate heat and cool the interior of the heat-generating component. At the same time, after the high-temperature air flows out from the heat-generating component, it can directly enter the heat exchange device through the air inlet. Since the temperature on the air outlet side of the heat-generating component is the highest, the high-temperature air flowing out of the heat-generating component and directly entering the heat exchange device is more easily condensed when it encounters the cooling circuit, thereby improving the dehumidification effect of the air in the air circuit and further reducing the risk of fogging or condensation inside the heat-generating component during operation.

[0008] In a possible design, the heat exchange device includes a shell, the shell is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the heat exchange device is connected to the driving device through the air inlet, and the heat exchange device is connected to the heat generating component through the air outlet.

[0009] In this solution, the cooling air with low temperature and humidity flowing out from the air outlet of the heat exchange device can directly enter the interior of the heat-generating component to dissipate heat and cool the interior of the heat-generating component. Since the temperature and humidity of the air flowing out from the air outlet of the heat exchange device are both the lowest, the heat dissipation efficiency inside the heat-generating component is further improved.

[0010] In a possible design, the shell includes a first through hole and a second through hole, and at least a portion of the cooling circuit passes through the first through hole and the second through hole and is sealed and connected to the first through hole and the second through hole, respectively.

[0011] In this solution, at least part of the cooling circuit is located inside the shell, thereby increasing the contact area between the air in the shell and the cooling circuit, allowing the air in the shell to fully contact the cooling circuit, thereby further improving the heat exchange efficiency and the heat dissipation efficiency inside the heat-generating component. The cooling circuit is sealed and connected to the first through hole and the second through hole respectively, improving the sealing of the air circuit, thereby preventing external air from entering the air circuit to increase the temperature and humidity of the air in the air circuit, reducing the interference of the external environment on the air circuit, and ensuring the reliability of the heat dissipation and dehumidification functions inside the heat-generating component.

[0012] In a possible design, the cooling circuit includes a tube body and fins, wherein the fins extend radially on the tube body, and at least a portion of the fins is located in the housing.

[0013] In this solution, the provision of fins can further increase the area and volume of the cooling circuit in the shell, and can further increase the contact area between the air in the shell and the cooling circuit, thereby further improving the heat exchange efficiency and improving the heat dissipation efficiency inside the heat-generating components. In addition, due to the increase in the contact area between the air in the shell and the cooling circuit, the condensation efficiency of water molecules in the air on the cooling circuit can be further improved, thereby further reducing the humidity of the air in the air circuit and improving the dehumidification effect inside the heat-generating components.

[0014] In a possible design, the shell is provided with a drain port for draining the accumulated liquid in the shell.

[0015] In this solution, the provision of the drain port allows the accumulated liquid in the shell to be discharged in time, thereby improving the dehumidification effect of the air in the air circuit under high humidity conditions to ensure the reliability of the dehumidification function inside the heating component.

[0016] In a possible design, the heat exchange device further includes a control switch, and the control switch is disposed at the drain outlet.

[0017] In this solution, the control switch can control the on and off of the drain outlet. When drainage is required, the control switch can open the drain outlet to control the discharge of accumulated water in the shell, so that the accumulated liquid in the shell can be discharged in time. When drainage is not required, the control switch can block the drain outlet, which can improve the sealing effect of the air circuit and avoid interference from external ambient air. The setting of the control switch improves the drainage control effect of the drain outlet and ensures the reliable circulation of the air circuit.

[0018] In a possible design, the control switch is a float switch.

[0019] In this solution, when the water accumulated in the shell reaches a certain amount, the float switch can float on the water surface, thereby opening the drain port so that the accumulated water in the shell can be discharged. When the water accumulated in the shell is reduced to a level that can no longer float the float switch, the float switch can fall back to the water outlet to block the water outlet, thereby ensuring the sealing effect of the air circuit. The structure is simple, no electrical control is required, it is not easy to be damaged, the function is reliable, and the cost is low.

[0020] In a possible design, the driving device is disposed in the air duct.

[0021] In this solution, the interference of the external environment on the driving device is reduced, the reliability of the driving device is improved, and the reliable circulation of air in the air circuit is guaranteed, thereby improving the reliability of the functions of heat dissipation and dehumidification inside the heat-generating components.

[0022] In a possible design, the driving device includes a fan, and the fan is disposed in the air duct.

[0023] In this solution, while ensuring the operation of the air circuit and reducing the interference of the external environment on the driving device, it also reduces the requirements for the space in the air duct, facilitates the fixation and installation of a larger driving device, and improves the design freedom.

[0024] In one possible design, the cooling circuit is a refrigerant circuit, so that the residual cooling of the refrigerant circuit can be fully utilized to improve the efficiency of the air-conditioning system in the vehicle and reduce energy consumption.

[0025] In one possible design, the refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, a high-pressure refrigerant pipe and a low-pressure refrigerant pipe. The compressor, the condenser and the expansion valve are connected in sequence through the high-pressure refrigerant pipe, the expansion valve, the evaporator and the compressor are connected in sequence through the low-pressure refrigerant pipe, and the heat exchange device is connected to the low-pressure refrigerant pipe.

[0026] In this scheme, when the refrigerant circuit is running, the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant in the circuit increase after being compressed by the compressor, making the refrigerant easier to condense. At this time, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the high-pressure refrigerant pipe. After the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the condenser and condenses, the pressure and temperature decrease. After throttling by the expansion valve, the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant further decrease. At this time, the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant enters the low-pressure refrigerant pipe. The low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant enters the evaporator and is evaporated. The evaporated refrigerant flows back into the compressor and is compressed, thereby realizing the circulation of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit. Among them, the temperature of the refrigerant in the high-pressure refrigerant pipe is higher, and the heat is transferred to the outside through the high-pressure refrigerant pipe, which can generate a certain amount of waste heat, thereby dissipating heat to the surrounding environment and heating the surrounding air. The temperature of the refrigerant in the low-pressure refrigerant pipe is lower, which can generate a certain amount of waste cold, thereby absorbing the heat of the surrounding environment and cooling the surrounding air. The heat exchange device is connected to the low-pressure refrigerant pipe, so that the air in the air circuit can be cooled and lowered in the heat exchange device by using the waste cold of the low-pressure refrigerant pipe, saving energy consumption, improving heat exchange efficiency, and realizing the heat dissipation function inside the heating component. It also allows the water molecules in the air to condense into water droplets when encountering the low-pressure refrigerant pipe with lower temperature, thereby reducing the humidity of the air in the air circuit, realizing the heat dissipation function and dehumidification function inside the heating component.

[0027] In one possible design, the low-pressure refrigerant pipe includes a first low-pressure refrigerant pipe and a second low-pressure refrigerant pipe, the first low-pressure refrigerant pipe is arranged between the expansion valve and the evaporator, the second low-pressure refrigerant pipe is arranged between the evaporator and the compressor, and the heat exchange device is connected to the second low-pressure refrigerant pipe.

[0028] In this solution, while ensuring the heat dissipation efficiency of the air in the air circuit, the space requirement for the heat exchange device is reduced, and the difficulty of installing and fixing the heat exchange device is reduced, further reducing the structural complexity of the thermal management system, making it easier to arrange the thermal management system on a platform in the engine compartment, with higher commonality and lower costs.

[0029] In a possible design, the cooling circuit is a cooling water circuit, so that the residual cooling of the cooling water circuit circulation can be fully utilized to reduce the energy consumption of the vehicle.

[0030] In a possible design, the cooling water circuit includes a heat exchanger, a water pump and a water pipe, the heat exchanger and the water pump are connected through the water pipe, the heat exchanger is used to cool the cooling water in the water pipe, and the heat exchange device is connected to the water pipe. When the cooling circuit is a cooling water circuit, the above effect can also be achieved. The heat exchange principle of the heat exchange device between the cooling water circuit and the air circuit is similar to the heat exchange principle of the heat exchange device between the refrigerant circuit and the air circuit, which will not be repeated here.

[0031] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a lighting device, which is used to be connected to the air circuit of the thermal management system described in any of the above embodiments to improve its internal heat dissipation and dehumidification effects.

[0032] The third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a vehicle, comprising at least one heat generating component and the thermal management system described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the heat generating component is connected to the air circuit of the thermal management system. Since the thermal management system has the above technical effects, the vehicle including the thermal management system should also have the above technical effects, which are not limited here.

[0033] In one possible design, the heat-generating component is one of a lighting device, a projection module, a battery pack, and a powertrain, so as to meet the heat dissipation and dehumidification needs of the vehicle in different driving environments and improve the user experience.

[0034] In a possible design, a plurality of heat-generating components are provided, and at least some of the heat-generating components are connected in series in the air circuit, with a simple structure to facilitate the connection between the heat-generating components and the air circuit.

[0035] In a possible design, a plurality of heat-generating components are provided, and at least some of the heat-generating components are connected in parallel in the air circuit to increase the design freedom of the thermal management system and meet the connectivity requirements of heat-generating components at different locations.

[0036] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a coordination between a medium heat exchange device and a low-pressure refrigerant pipe;

[0043] Figure 6 It is another schematic diagram of the coordination between the heat exchange device and the low-pressure refrigerant pipe;

[0044] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Reference numerals:

[0047] 100-Transportation;

[0048] 10- Thermal management system;

[0049] 1- Air circuit;

[0050] 11- heat exchange device;

[0051] 111-housing;

[0052] 112-air inlet;

[0053] 113-air outlet;

[0054] 114-first through hole;

[0055] 115- second through hole;

[0056] 116- Drainage outlet;

[0057] 117-control switch;

[0058] 12- driving device;

[0059] 13- air duct;

[0060] 2-Refrigerant circuit;

[0061] 21- compressor;

[0062] 22- condenser;

[0063] 23-Expansion valve;

[0064] 24-evaporator;

[0065] 25-high pressure refrigerant pipe;

[0066] 251 - first high-pressure refrigerant pipe;

[0067] 252-second high-pressure refrigerant pipe;

[0068] 26- low pressure refrigerant pipe;

[0069] 261-first low-pressure refrigerant pipe;

[0070] 262- second low-pressure refrigerant pipe;

[0071] 263-tube body;

[0072] 264-fins;

[0073] 3-Cooling water circuit;

[0074] 31- water pump;

[0075] 32-heat exchanger;

[0076] 33- Water pipe;

[0077] 331-tube body;

[0078] 332-fins;

[0079] 20-Heating components.

[0080] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0082] In the description of this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; unless otherwise specified or explained, the term "plurality" refers to two or more; the terms "connected" and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0083] The terms used in the embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0084] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0085] At present, the heat dissipation function in car lights is generally achieved by installing a heat dissipation device inside or outside the lamp. Among them, the heat dissipation device inside the lamp is expensive, but the heat dissipation capacity is limited. The heat dissipation device outside the lamp has high requirements for the mounting space and poor matching. In addition, the external heat dissipation device may involve reliability-related risks. The dehumidification function in the car light is generally improved by a desiccant or hygroscopic material to improve the humidity inside the lamp. The dehumidification effect is limited, it is difficult to maintain, and it is not environmentally friendly. In addition, some active dehumidification devices have a relatively complex structure and high cost. They are only used in a few high-end models and are not widely used. Therefore, in the prior art, the heat dissipation function and dehumidification function in the car light are respectively implemented by two different devices, which are not only complex in structure and high in cost, but also poor in environmental protection, space occupation, reliability and popularity.

[0086] In order to solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a means of transportation, and the means of transportation 100 can be various means of transportation such as a car, a motorcycle, a train, etc. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the specific form of the above means of transportation. For the convenience of description, the following description is made by taking the means of transportation as a car as an example. The following describes the means of transportation of the present application with a specific embodiment.

[0087] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a vehicle structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0088] like Figure 1 As shown, the vehicle 100 includes a thermal management system 10 and a heat generating component 20 , which is in communication with the thermal management system 10 .

[0089] The heat management system 10 generates a certain amount of residual cooling during operation. The temperature inside the heat generating component 20 is relatively high during operation, which makes it easy for water vapor inside to condense, thus easily causing fogging or condensation inside the heat generating component 20.

[0090] In the embodiment of the present application, the heat-generating component 20 is connected to the thermal management system 10, so that the residual cooling of the thermal management system 10 can be utilized, and at the same time, the heat dissipation and dehumidification functions inside the heat-generating component 20 are realized, thereby avoiding fogging or condensation inside the heat-generating component 20 during operation, thereby improving the reliability of the heat-generating component 20 and ensuring driving safety.

[0091] The heat generating component 20 may be one of a lighting device, a projection module, a battery pack, and a powertrain, so that the vehicle 100 may have multiple functions such as lighting, projection interaction, energy supply, and power supply, so as to meet the heat dissipation and dehumidification requirements of the vehicle 100 in different driving environments and improve the user experience. Of course, the heat generating component 20 may also be other components that can generate heat, which is not limited here.

[0092] For example, taking the heating component 20 as a lighting device, when the power of the light source in the lighting device is relatively large, the temperature inside the lighting device is relatively high during the lighting process, so that local water vapor inside is easily condensed, which easily causes fogging or condensation inside the lighting device. In the embodiment of the present application, the lighting device is connected to the thermal management system 10, so that the residual cooling of the thermal management system 10 can be utilized, and the heat dissipation and dehumidification functions inside the lighting device are realized at the same time, so as to avoid fogging or condensation inside the lighting device during the lighting process, thereby improving the reliability of the lighting device and ensuring driving safety.

[0093] Furthermore, the lighting device may be a headlight, a signal light, an ambient light, etc., which is not limited here.

[0094] Furthermore, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the thermal management system 10 includes an air circuit 1 and a cooling circuit. The heat generating component 20 is connected to the air circuit 1 of the thermal management system 10. The air circuit 1 includes a heat exchange device 11, a driving device 12 and an air duct 13. The heat exchange device 11, the driving device 12 and the heat generating component 20 are connected through the air duct 13. The driving device 12 is used to drive the air in the air circuit 1 to circulate in one direction. The cooling circuit is connected to the heat exchange device 11, and the cooling circuit is used to exchange heat with the air in the heat exchange device 11 to reduce the air temperature in the heat exchange device 11. Among them, the cooling circuit can be a refrigerant circuit 2 or a cooling water circuit 3. Regardless of whether the cooling circuit is a refrigerant circuit 2 or a cooling water circuit 3, the remaining cold can be used to exchange heat with the air in the heat exchange device 11 of the air circuit 1, so as to dissipate heat and dehumidify the heat generating component 20. Of course, in some other embodiments, the cooling circuit can also be other circuits with cooling functions, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0095] In a specific embodiment, the cooling circuit is described as a refrigerant circuit 2. Figure 3As shown, during the process in which the driving device 12 drives the air in the air duct 13 to circulate along the arrows shown in the figure, the air with a higher temperature in the air circuit 1 can exchange heat with the refrigerant circuit 2 in the heat exchange device 11, thereby reducing the air temperature in the air circuit 1, thereby reducing the temperature in the heating component 20, and realizing the heat dissipation function inside the heating component 20. At the same time, when the air in the air circuit 1 exchanges heat with the refrigerant circuit 2 in the heat exchange device 11, the water molecules in the air with a higher temperature are also easy to condense in the refrigerant circuit 2, thereby reducing the humidity in the air in the air circuit 1, thereby avoiding fogging or condensation inside the heating component 20 during operation, and realizing the active dehumidification function inside the heating component 20. In this structure, the residual cooling of the thermal management system 10 can be utilized to simultaneously realize the heat dissipation and dehumidification functions inside the heating component 20, with high heat dissipation efficiency, which can meet the heat dissipation requirements of the high-power heating component 20, and good dehumidification effect, which improves the reliability of the heating component 20 and ensures driving safety, and the structure is simple, which facilitates the platform arrangement of the thermal management system 10 and the heating component 20 in the engine compartment, and the cost is low. In addition, this structure makes full use of the residual cooling of the thermal management system 10, reduces the energy consumption of the vehicle 100, and does not need to use defogging materials such as defogging paint and desiccant, which is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0096] When the cooling circuit is a refrigerant circuit, the residual cooling of the refrigerant circuit 2 can be fully utilized to improve the efficiency of the air conditioning system in the vehicle and reduce energy consumption. 2 ), CO 2 Non-toxic, non-flammable, safe, reliable, environmentally friendly, and CO 2 The physical and chemical properties are stable, the viscosity is low, the density is high, the flow loss is small, the heat transfer effect is good, and the size of the components and the weight of the system can be further reduced. In addition, CO 2 The cost of the refrigerant is low and easy to obtain, which can reduce the investment cost. Of course, the refrigerant can also be other substances, such as propane, etc., which are not limited here.

[0097] In addition, if Figure 2 As shown, when the cooling circuit is a cooling water circuit 3, the above effect can also be achieved. The heat exchange principle between it and the heat exchange device 11 of the air circuit 1 is similar to the heat exchange principle between the refrigerant circuit 2 and the heat exchange device 11 of the air circuit 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0098] Exemplarily, taking the heat generating component 20 as a lighting device as an example, the thermal management system 10 can meet the heat dissipation requirements of a lighting device with a power of more than 100 W.

[0099] In addition, if Figure 2 and Figure 3The driving device 12 may include an electric fan and a driving component (not shown in the figure), and the driving component drives the electric fan to generate wind energy to drive the air in the air circuit 1 to circulate in one direction. The driving component may be a battery or a motor, etc., which is not limited here.

[0100] For example, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the drive device 12 can be arranged as a whole in the air duct 13 to reduce the interference of the external environment on the drive device 12, improve the reliability of the drive device 12, ensure the reliable circulation of air in the air circuit 1, and thus improve the functional reliability of heat dissipation and dehumidification inside the heat-generating component 20.

[0101] For example, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the fan may be disposed only in the air duct 13, thereby ensuring the operation of the air circuit 1 and reducing the interference of the external environment on the driving device 12, while also reducing the requirements for the space in the air duct 13, making it easier to fix and install a larger driving device 12 and improving the degree of freedom in design.

[0102] Of course, the driving device 12 may also be other structures, or may include other components, which are not limited here.

[0103] In a specific embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the cooling circuit is a cooling water circuit 3, which includes a heat exchanger 32, a water pump 31 and a water pipe 33. The heat exchanger 32 and the water pump 31 are connected through the water pipe 33. The heat exchanger 32 is used to cool the cooling water in the water pipe 33. The heat exchange device 11 is connected to the water pipe. Figure 3 As shown, the cooling circuit is a refrigerant circuit 2, and the refrigerant circuit 2 includes a compressor 21, a condenser 22, an expansion valve 23, an evaporator 24, a high-pressure refrigerant pipe 25 and a low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26. The compressor 21, the condenser 22 and the expansion valve 23 are sequentially connected through the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 25, the expansion valve 23, the evaporator 24 and the compressor 21 are sequentially connected through the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26, and the heat exchange device 11 is connected to the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26. Regardless of whether the cooling circuit is a refrigerant circuit 2 or a cooling water circuit 3, the remaining cold air in the heat exchange device 1 of the air circuit 1 can be used for heat exchange, thereby dissipating heat and dehumidifying the heat-generating component 20. Of course, in some other embodiments, the cooling circuit can also be other circuits with cooling functions, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0104] In a specific embodiment, the cooling circuit is taken as the refrigerant circuit 2 for example. Figure 3As shown, when the refrigerant circuit 2 is running, the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant in the circuit increase after being compressed by the compressor 21, making the refrigerant easier to condense. At this time, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 25, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the condenser 22 for condensation, and the pressure and temperature decrease. After throttling by the expansion valve 23, the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant are further reduced. At this time, the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant enters the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26, and the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant enters the evaporator 24 to be evaporated. The evaporated refrigerant flows back into the compressor 21 to be compressed, thereby realizing the circulation of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 2. Among them, the temperature of the refrigerant in the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 25 is relatively high, and the heat is transferred to the outside through the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 25, which can generate a certain amount of waste heat, thereby dissipating heat to the surrounding environment and heating the surrounding air. The temperature of the refrigerant in the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 is relatively low, and can generate a certain amount of waste cold, thereby absorbing the heat of the surrounding environment and cooling the surrounding air. The heat exchange device 11 is connected to the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26, so that the air in the air circuit 1 can be cooled and lowered in the heat exchange device 11 using the waste cold of the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26, saving energy consumption, improving heat exchange efficiency, and realizing the heat dissipation function inside the heating component 20. It also allows water molecules in the air to condense into water droplets when encountering the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 with a lower temperature, thereby reducing the humidity of the air in the air circuit 1, realizing the heat dissipation function and dehumidification function inside the heating component 20, and realizing the heat dissipation function and dehumidification function inside the heating component 20.

[0105] Among them, the material of the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 can be a metal material. The metal material has good thermal conductivity and high heat transfer efficiency. It can improve the heat exchange efficiency between the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 and the surrounding air, so that the air temperature can be quickly reduced, and the heat dissipation efficiency can be improved, thereby quickly cooling the temperature inside the heating component 20 and improving the heat dissipation effect inside the heating component 20, so as to meet the heat dissipation requirements of higher-power heating components 20, and also enable the water vapor in the air to quickly condense on the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26, quickly reduce the humidity in the air, and prevent the heating component 20 from fogging or condensing during operation, thereby further improving the reliability of the heating component 20 and ensuring driving safety.

[0106] In addition, if Figure 2 As shown, when the cooling circuit is a cooling water circuit 3, the above effect can also be achieved. The heat exchange principle between it and the heat exchange device 11 of the air circuit 1 is similar to the heat exchange principle between the refrigerant circuit 2 and the heat exchange device 11 of the air circuit 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0107] In a specific embodiment, Figure 3As shown, the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 25 includes a first high-pressure refrigerant pipe 251 and a second high-pressure refrigerant pipe 252. The first high-pressure refrigerant pipe 251 is arranged between the compressor 21 and the condenser 22, and the second high-pressure refrigerant pipe 252 is arranged between the condenser 22 and the expansion valve 23. The temperature of the refrigerant entering the first high-pressure refrigerant pipe 251 after being compressed by the compressor 21 can generally reach 90°C to 120°C, and the temperature of the refrigerant entering the second high-pressure refrigerant pipe 252 after being condensed by the condenser 22 can generally reach 40°C to 50°C. Therefore, the temperatures of the first high-pressure refrigerant pipe 251 and the second high-pressure refrigerant pipe 252 are generally higher than the ambient temperature.

[0108] like Figure 3 As shown, the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 includes a first low-pressure refrigerant pipe 261 and a second low-pressure refrigerant pipe 262. The first low-pressure refrigerant pipe 261 is arranged between the expansion valve 23 and the evaporator 24, and the second low-pressure refrigerant pipe 262 is arranged between the evaporator 24 and the compressor 21. The temperature of the refrigerant entering the first low-pressure refrigerant pipe 261 after further reduction and cooling by the expansion valve 23 can be reduced to below 0°C, and the temperature of the refrigerant entering the second low-pressure refrigerant pipe 262 after evaporation by the evaporator 24 is generally only 0°C to 5°C. Therefore, the temperatures of the first low-pressure refrigerant pipe 261 and the second low-pressure refrigerant pipe 262 are generally lower than the ambient temperature.

[0109] Among them, in the vehicle 100, the expansion valve 23 and the evaporator 24 of the refrigerant circuit 2 are generally arranged in the air-conditioning box to ensure the reliable operation of the air-conditioning system of the vehicle 100. Since the first low-pressure refrigerant pipe 261 is arranged between the expansion valve 23 and the evaporator 24, the first low-pressure refrigerant pipe 261 is also generally arranged in the air-conditioning box, and the second low-pressure refrigerant pipe 262 is generally not only outside the air-conditioning box.

[0110] In the present application embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the heat exchange device 11 is connected to the second low-pressure refrigerant pipe 262, which ensures the heat dissipation efficiency of the air in the air circuit 1 while reducing the space requirement for the heat exchange device 11, and also reduces the difficulty of installing and fixing the heat exchange device, further reducing the structural complexity of the thermal management system 10, making it easier to arrange the thermal management system 10 on a platform in the engine compartment, with higher commonality and lower costs.

[0111] Of course, the heat exchange device 11 can also be connected to the first low-pressure refrigerant pipe 261 to further improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the air in the air circuit 1 and enhance the design freedom of the thermal management system 10, which is not limited here.

[0112] In a specific embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the heat exchange device 11 includes a shell 111, and the shell 111 is provided with an air inlet 112 and an air outlet 113. The driving device 12 drives the air in the air circuit 1 to enter the shell 111 of the heat exchange device 11 through the air inlet 112 to exchange heat with the cooling circuit. At this time, the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 with a lower temperature can absorb the heat in the air, and some water molecules in the air can condense at the cooling circuit and accumulate in the shell 111, thereby reducing the air temperature and humidity in the shell 111, and under the continuous drive of the driving device 12, the cooling air with lower temperature and humidity can flow out through the air outlet 113, thereby realizing the heat dissipation and dehumidification of the inside of the heat-generating component 20 in the air circuit 1.

[0113] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the cooling circuit is taken as the refrigerant circuit 2 as an example for explanation.

[0114] For example, Figure 3 As shown, the heat exchange device 11 is connected to the heat-generating component 20 through the air inlet 112, and the heat exchange device 11 is connected to the driving device 12 through the air outlet 113, so that the cooling air with low temperature and humidity flowing out through the air outlet 113 of the heat exchange device 11 is driven by the driving device 12 to enter the interior of the heat-generating component 20 to dissipate heat and cool the interior of the heat-generating component 20. At the same time, after the high-temperature air flows out from the heat-generating component 20, it can directly enter the heat exchange device 11 through the air inlet 112. Since the temperature on the outlet side of the heat-generating component 20 is the highest, the high-temperature air flowing out through the heat-generating component 20 and directly entering the heat exchange device 11 is more easily condensed when encountering the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26, thereby improving the dehumidification effect of the air in the air circuit 1, and further reducing the risk of fogging or condensation inside the heat-generating component 20 during operation.

[0115] For example, Figure 4 As shown, the heat exchange device 11 is connected to the driving device 12 through the air inlet 112, and the heat exchange device 11 is connected to the heat-generating component 20 through the air outlet 113, so that the cooling air with low temperature and humidity flowing out through the air outlet 113 of the heat exchange device 11 can directly enter the interior of the heat-generating component 20 to dissipate heat and cool the interior of the heat-generating component 20. Since the temperature and humidity of the air flowing out of the air outlet 113 of the heat exchange device 11 are both the lowest, the heat dissipation efficiency in the heat-generating component 20 is further improved.

[0116] The shell 111 may be a cuboid, a cube, a cylinder, an elliptical body, a sphere, a polygonal prism or other irregular shaped structures, and may be specifically configured according to space requirements, which is not limited here.

[0117] In addition, the air inlet 112 and the air outlet 113 can be located on the same plane or on different planes on the shell 111. The specific setting can be based on actual needs. As long as the interior of the shell 111 can be connected to the air circuit 1 in a circulation manner, there is no limitation here.

[0118] Please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the coordination between the heat exchange device and the low-pressure refrigerant pipe. Figure 6 It is another schematic diagram of the coordination between the heat exchange device and the low-pressure refrigerant pipe.

[0119] For example, Figure 5 As shown, the air inlet 112 and the air outlet 113 are respectively located on two adjacent sides of the shell 111, and are far away from each other, which can ensure that the air can fully contact the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 in the shell 111, thereby ensuring the heat exchange efficiency and dehumidification effect of the air.

[0120] For example, Figure 6 As shown, the air inlet 112 and the air outlet 113 are respectively located on two opposite sides of the housing 111 , which further improves the design freedom of the air circuit 1 and meets the design requirements of different spaces.

[0121] In a specific embodiment, the housing 111 includes a first through hole 114 and a second through hole 115, and at least part of the cooling circuit is disposed through the first through hole 114 and the second through hole 115, and is sealed and connected to the first through hole 114 and the second through hole 115, respectively. Figure 2 As shown, when the cooling circuit is a cooling water circuit 3, the water pipe 33 is passed through the first through hole 114 and the second through hole 115, and is sealed and connected to the first through hole 114 and the second through hole 115 respectively. Figure 5 As shown, when the cooling circuit is the refrigerant circuit 2, the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 is penetrated through the first through hole 114 and the second through hole 115, and is sealed and connected to the first through hole 114 and the second through hole 115 respectively.

[0122] In a specific embodiment, the cooling circuit is taken as the refrigerant circuit 2 for example. Figure 5As shown, the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 is passed through the first through hole 114 and the second through hole 115, so that at least part of the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 is located inside the shell 111, thereby increasing the contact area between the air in the shell 111 and the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26, so that the air in the shell 111 can fully contact the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26, thereby further improving the heat exchange efficiency and the heat dissipation efficiency inside the heating component 20. The low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 is sealed and connected to the first through hole 114 and the second through hole 115 respectively, which improves the sealing of the air circuit 1, thereby preventing the outside air from entering the air circuit 1 to increase the temperature and humidity of the air in the air circuit 1, reducing the interference of the external environment on the air circuit 1, and ensuring the reliability of the heat dissipation and dehumidification functions inside the heating component 20.

[0123] In addition, if Figure 2 As shown, when the cooling circuit is a cooling water circuit 3, the above effect can also be achieved. The principle is similar to that when the cooling circuit is a refrigerant circuit 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0124] Among them, the first through hole 114 and the second through hole 115 can be located in the same plane on the shell 111, or in different planes. The specific setting can be based on actual needs. As long as the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 or the water pipe 33 can be passed through the shell 111 and at least partially located inside the shell 111, there is no limitation here.

[0125] For example, Figure 5 As shown, the first through hole 114 and the second through hole 115 are respectively located on two planes on opposite sides of the shell 111, thereby increasing the volume of the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 or the water pipe 33 in the shell 111, thereby ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the air in the air circuit 1.

[0126] In a specific embodiment, the cooling circuit includes a tube body and fins, the fins extend radially on the tube body, and at least a portion of the fins is located in the housing. Figure 2 As shown, when the cooling circuit is a cooling water circuit 3, the water pipe 33 includes a pipe body 331 and fins 332. The fins 332 extend radially on the pipe body 331, and at least part of the fins 332 is located in the housing 111. For example, Figure 5 As shown, when the cooling circuit is the refrigerant circuit 2 , the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 includes a tube body 263 and fins 264 . The fins 264 extend radially on the tube body 263 , and at least a portion of the fins 264 is located in the shell 111 .

[0127] In a specific embodiment, the cooling circuit is taken as the refrigerant circuit 2 for example. Figure 5As shown, the provision of the fins 264 can further increase the area and volume of the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 in the shell 111, and can further increase the contact area between the air in the shell 111 and the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26, thereby further improving the heat exchange efficiency and improving the heat dissipation efficiency inside the heat-generating component 20. In addition, due to the increase in the contact area between the air in the shell 111 and the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26, the condensation efficiency of water molecules in the air on the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 26 can be further improved, thereby further reducing the humidity of the air in the air circuit 1 and improving the dehumidification effect inside the heat-generating component 20.

[0128] In addition, if Figure 2 As shown, when the cooling circuit is a cooling water circuit 3, the above effect can also be achieved. The principle is similar to that when the cooling circuit is a refrigerant circuit 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0129] In a specific embodiment, taking the cooling circuit as the refrigerant circuit 2 as an example, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the fin 264 may be provided only on the portion of the tube 263 located inside the housing 111 to further reduce the cost.

[0130] Among them, according to the relative positions of the air inlet 112, the air outlet 113 and the fins 264, the length of the fins 264 and the intervals between the fins 264 can be different, and can be specifically set according to actual needs, and are not limited here.

[0131] For example, Figure 5 As shown, when the surface of the fin 264 is arranged perpendicular to the air intake direction of the air inlet 112, at least part of the air entering the shell 111 through the air inlet 112 can be directly blown to the surface of the fin 264. In this structure, the surface of the fin 264 can be designed to be wider and longer to increase the contact area between the fin 264 and the incoming air, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0132] For example, Figure 6 As shown, when the surface of the fin 264 is normally arranged with respect to the air inlet direction of the air inlet 112, the interval between the fins 264 adjacent to the air inlet 112 can be designed to be smaller, that is, the fins 264 adjacent to the air inlet 112 can be designed to be denser to increase the contact area between the fins 264 and the incoming air, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0133] In addition, if Figure 2 As shown, when the cooling circuit is a cooling water circuit 3, the arrangement of the tube body 331 and the fins 332 of the water pipe 33, as well as its positional relationship with the air inlet 112 and the air outlet 113, can be similar to when the cooling circuit is a refrigerant circuit 2, and can achieve the above-mentioned effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0134] In a specific embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the housing 111 is provided with a drain port 116 for draining the accumulated liquid in the housing 111 .

[0135] In this embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the provision of the drain port 116 allows the accumulated liquid in the housing 111 to be discharged in time, thereby improving the dehumidification effect of the air in the air circuit 1 under a high humidity environment to ensure the reliability of the dehumidification function inside the heating component 20.

[0136] In a specific embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the heat exchange device 11 further includes a control switch 117 , and the control switch 117 is disposed at the drain outlet 116 .

[0137] In this embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the control switch 117 can control the on-off of the drain port 116. When drainage is required, the control switch 117 can open the drain port 116 to control the drainage of the accumulated water in the shell 111, so that the accumulated liquid in the shell 111 can be discharged in time. When drainage is not required, the control switch 117 can block the drain port 116, which can improve the sealing effect of the air circuit 1 and avoid interference from the external ambient air. The setting of the control switch 117 improves the drainage control effect of the drain port 116 and ensures the reliable circulation of the air circuit 1.

[0138] In a specific embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the control switch 117 is a float switch.

[0139] In this embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, when the water accumulated in the shell 111 reaches a certain amount, the float switch can float on the water surface, thereby opening the drain port 116, so that the water in the shell 111 can be discharged. When the water accumulated in the shell 111 is reduced to a level that can no longer float the float switch, the float switch can fall back to the water outlet 116 to block the water outlet 116, thereby ensuring the sealing effect of the air circuit 1. The structure is simple, no electrical control is required, it is not easy to be damaged, the function is reliable, and the cost is low.

[0140] In addition, the control switch 117 may also be other control switches such as a solenoid valve, which is not limited here.

[0141] Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0142] In the above embodiments, the heating component 20 may be Figures 2 to 4 The one shown can also be Figure 7 and Figure 8 Multiple shown.

[0143] When a plurality of heating components 20 are provided, for example, Figure 7 As shown, at least part of the heating component 20 can be connected in series in the air circuit 1, and the structure is simple, so as to facilitate the communication between the heating component 20 and the air circuit 1; for example, Figure 8 As shown, at least some of the heat-generating components 20 can be connected in parallel in the air circuit 1 to improve the design freedom of the thermal management system 10 and meet the connectivity requirements of the heat-generating components 20 at different positions; illustratively, among the multiple heat-generating components 20, some of the heat-generating components 20 can be connected in series in the air circuit 1, and another part of the heat-generating components 20 can be connected in parallel in the air circuit 1 to further improve the design freedom of the thermal management system 10, thereby meeting the connectivity requirements of the heat-generating components 20 at different positions. The heat-generating components 20 can be set specifically according to actual needs and are not limited here.

[0144] In addition, the plurality of heat generating components 20 may be identical, partially identical, or completely different, and this is not limited here.

[0145] In this specification, the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. In particular, for the device embodiment and the terminal embodiment, since they are basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description in the method embodiment.

[0146] The above is only a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the embodiment of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the embodiment of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A thermal management system, characterized in that: include: An air circuit, used to communicate with the heat-generating component, the air circuit comprising a heat exchange device, a drive device and an air duct, the heat exchange device, the drive device and the heat-generating component are connected through the air duct, and the drive device is used to drive the air in the air circuit to circulate in one direction; A cooling circuit is connected to the heat exchange device, and the cooling circuit is used to exchange heat with the air in the heat exchange device to reduce the temperature of the air in the heat exchange device.

2. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange device comprises a shell, and the shell is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; The heat exchange device is connected to the heat generating component through the air inlet; The heat exchange device is communicated with the driving device through the air outlet.

3. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange device comprises a shell, and the shell is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; The heat exchange device is connected to the driving device through the air inlet; The heat exchange device is communicated with the heat generating component through the air outlet.

4. The thermal management system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The housing includes a first through hole and a second through hole, and at least a portion of the cooling circuit is disposed through the first through hole and the second through hole and is sealedly connected to the first through hole and the second through hole, respectively.

5. The thermal management system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The cooling circuit comprises a tube body and fins, wherein the fins extend radially on the tube body; At least a portion of the fin is located within the housing.

6. The thermal management system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The shell is provided with a drain port for draining the accumulated liquid in the shell.

7. The thermal management system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heat exchange device also includes a control switch, which is arranged at the drain outlet.

8. The thermal management system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control switch is a float switch.

9. The thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The driving device is arranged in the air guiding duct.

10. The thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The driving device comprises a fan, and the fan is arranged in the air duct.

11. The thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The cooling circuit is a refrigerant circuit.

12. The thermal management system according to claim 11, characterized in that: The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, a high-pressure refrigerant pipe and a low-pressure refrigerant pipe; The compressor, the condenser and the expansion valve are connected in sequence through the high-pressure refrigerant pipe; The expansion valve, the evaporator and the compressor are connected in sequence through the low-pressure refrigerant pipe; The heat exchange device is connected to the low-pressure refrigerant pipe.

13. The thermal management system according to claim 12, characterized in that: The low-pressure refrigerant pipe includes a first low-pressure refrigerant pipe and a second low-pressure refrigerant pipe, the first low-pressure refrigerant pipe is arranged between the expansion valve and the evaporator, and the second low-pressure refrigerant pipe is arranged between the evaporator and the compressor; The heat exchange device is connected to the second low-pressure refrigerant pipe.

14. The thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The cooling circuit is a cooling water circuit.

15. The thermal management system according to claim 14, characterized in that: The cooling water circuit includes a heat exchanger, a water pump and a water pipe; The heat exchanger and the water pump are connected through the water pipe, and the heat exchanger is used to cool the cooling water in the water pipe; The heat exchange device is connected to the water pipe.

16. A lighting device, characterized in that: The lighting device is used to be connected to the air circuit of the thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. A means of transport, characterized in that: The invention comprises at least one heat-generating component and a heat management system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the heat-generating component is in communication with an air circuit of the heat management system.

18. The vehicle according to claim 17, characterized in that: The heat generating component is one of a lighting device, a projection module, a battery pack, and a powertrain.

19. The vehicle according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that: A plurality of heat-generating components are provided, and at least some of the heat-generating components are connected in series in the air circuit.

20. The vehicle according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that: A plurality of heat-generating components are provided, and at least some of the heat-generating components are connected in parallel in the air circuit.

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