A safety monitoring and control system and method for reservoir dams

Abstract

The present invention proposes a safety monitoring and control system and method for a reservoir dam, comprising water level monitors respectively installed in front and behind a dam body, sediment height detection modules respectively arranged on the front and rear end surfaces of a dam body gate, a gate control module, a GNSS displacement monitoring station and an alarm prompt module arranged on the dam body, the water level monitors respectively arranged at intervals of 30 meters in the waterway in front and behind the dam body, the sediment height detection module monitors the sediment height in front and behind the gate, the sediment height detection module has a built-in height threshold, and the threshold standards in the sediment height detection modules in front and behind the gate are different, after any sediment height detection module detects that the height threshold is reached, the difference between the two sediment height detection modules is compared, and the difference data and the sediment height data are fed back to the gate control module; after the gate control module receives the difference data and the sediment height data, it controls the gate to open and set the height and set time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of dam safety monitoring, and in particular relates to a safety monitoring and control system and method for a reservoir dam. Background Art

[0002] At present, safety monitoring and control are crucial in the management and maintenance of reservoir dams. The existing technology has many shortcomings in the aspect of safety monitoring and control of reservoir dams.

[0003] First, in terms of monitoring equipment, the monitoring equipment used in many reservoir dams is seriously aging. For example, the monitoring equipment of some dams has been used for many years, the equipment performance has declined, the accuracy of the monitoring data provided has been greatly reduced, and failures occur frequently. In this case, it is difficult to monitor and warn the safety status of reservoir dams in a timely manner. Once a safety problem occurs in the dam, it is difficult to detect it in time and take countermeasures.

[0004] The low level of monitoring technology is a major drawback of existing technologies. At present, many reservoir dam safety monitoring technologies lack innovation, and high-precision and advanced equipment are rarely used. In complex environments, existing monitoring technologies are unable to cope with the situation. For example, in areas with complex terrain and changeable climate, low-precision and low-sensitivity monitoring technologies are difficult to detect potential safety hazards of dams, such as some minor cracks in the dam body or seepage. These seemingly minor problems may cause serious safety accidents after accumulating over time.

[0005] The monitoring means are relatively simple. At present, they mainly rely on manual inspections and traditional monitoring equipment, such as measuring instruments, vibration sensors, etc. These devices can only provide fixed-point monitoring data, can only obtain local information, and the monitoring range is very narrow. Moreover, this monitoring method is easily affected by human factors. Different monitoring personnel may have different monitoring results due to differences in technical level or seriousness. There are also monitoring blind spots, and potential safety hazards in those areas that are difficult to reach or ignored cannot be discovered in time.

[0006] Inaccurate monitoring data is also common. On the one hand, due to the aging and improper maintenance of monitoring equipment, the equipment itself has errors, and on the other hand, the technical level and seriousness of monitoring personnel vary. These factors affect the accuracy of data collection. Inaccurate data is like wrong intelligence, which will mislead the safety assessment and decision-making of the dam, and may lead to wrong judgments on the safety status of the dam, thus delaying the best time to deal with the problem.

[0007] In addition, the poor timeliness of monitoring data and the lack of depth in data analysis are also shortcomings of existing technologies. Currently, most of them are short-term qualitative analysis, lacking systematicity and comprehensiveness, and unable to predict future trends. At the same time, the monitoring data standards are not unified, and the equipment and collection standards of different dams and monitoring units vary greatly, which increases the difficulty of data processing and reduces the reliability and comparability of the results, making it impossible to effectively integrate and compare data between different dams, which is not conducive to overall dam safety management and experience learning. There is an urgent need for a safety monitoring and control system and method for reservoir dams. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present invention proposes a safety monitoring and control system and method for a reservoir dam. By integrating multiple monitoring modules (water level monitoring, sediment height detection, GNSS displacement monitoring) and a gate control module, real-time monitoring and automatic control of the reservoir dam safety are achieved, solving the problems of single traditional monitoring means and untimely response, and improving the safety and reliability of dam operation.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: a safety monitoring and control system for a reservoir dam, comprising water level monitors respectively installed before and after the dam body, sediment height detection modules respectively arranged on the front and rear end surfaces of the dam body gate, a gate control module, a GNSS displacement monitoring station and an alarm prompt module arranged on the dam body, the water level monitors are respectively arranged at intervals of 30 meters in the waterway before and after the dam body, the sediment height detection module monitors the sediment height before and after the gate, the sediment height detection module has a built-in height threshold, and the threshold standards in the sediment height detection modules before and after the gate are different, at any After the sediment height detection module detects that the height threshold has been reached, the difference between the two sediment height detection modules is compared, and the difference data and the sediment height data are fed back to the gate control module; after receiving the difference data and the sediment height data, the gate control module controls the gate to open to set the height and set time, and the GNSS displacement monitoring station is synchronized with the gate control module, and after the gate is opened, it starts recording the surface deformation of the dam and feeds it back to the gate control module and the alarm prompt module, and when the alarm prompt module receives the over-limit warning from the GNSS displacement monitoring station, it sends a warning instruction to the mobile terminal.

[0010] Compared with the existing technology, this safety monitoring and control system for reservoir dams shows significant differences and improvements in many aspects: in terms of system layout, the control system not only installs water level monitors before and after the dam body, but also sets up sediment height detection modules on the front and rear surfaces of the dam body gate. This comprehensive layout enables the system to monitor changes in water level and sediment height at the same time, providing more comprehensive data support for the safety assessment of reservoir dams. Existing technologies often only focus on water level changes and ignore the impact of sediment accumulation on dam safety.

[0011] In terms of sediment height detection, the system has a built-in height threshold, and the sediment height detection modules before and after the gate use different threshold standards. This design enables the system to more accurately determine abnormal sediment accumulation, and by comparing the difference between the two sediment height detection modules, it provides a more precise control basis for the gate control module. In contrast, existing technologies often lack such intelligent sediment height monitoring and judgment mechanisms.

[0012] The system achieves more refined control in gate control. According to the data fed back by the sediment height detection module, the gate control module can control the set height and set time of the gate opening, thereby achieving precise regulation of the reservoir water level. This refined control method helps to reduce the waste of water resources and improve the safety of the dam. The gate control in the existing technology is often simple and rough.

[0013] The system also introduces a GNSS displacement monitoring station and an alarm prompt module, which can monitor the deformation of the dam surface in real time after the gate is opened, and send an alarm command to the mobile terminal when an over-limit warning is detected. This function enables the system to promptly detect and deal with potential safety issues of the dam, further improving the safety of the reservoir dam. Existing technologies often lack such real-time deformation monitoring and alarm mechanisms.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the water level monitors are arranged horizontally and in parallel in the waterway before and after the dam body. Two adjacent water level monitors compare data in real time, and establish a change curve based on the water level changes, and monitor the fluctuation data in the waterway based on the change curve.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the sediment height detection module is arranged at the bottom of the front and rear end surfaces of the gate, and there are at least four groups of sediment height detection modules along the bottom rectangular array. The height thresholds of the sediment height detection modules located on the same horizontal plane are the same, and the sediment height detection modules in the same column form a detection group. The data between adjacent detection groups are compared. When the difference between the detection groups exceeds the set threshold, the sediment height detection module is inspected when the gate is opened.

[0016] As a preferred implementation, the gate control module records and stores the difference data and sediment height data uploaded by the sediment height detection module before and after the gate, and associates the change in sediment height data with the surface deformation record of the GNSS displacement monitoring station after each gate opening, and predicts the amount of sediment based on the associated surface deformation parameters, and uploads the predicted information to the background server.

[0017] A safety monitoring and control method for a reservoir dam, wherein a dam body and gates arranged at both ends of the dam body are arranged in the reservoir dam, and the rear of the gates is a reservoir area, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0018] A plurality of water level monitors are arranged in front of the dam body. The data collected by the water level monitors are input into the water level data acquisition module, and are sent to the gate control module through the water level data acquisition module for monitoring data information matching and identification. The gate control module is synchronized with the water level data acquisition module in real time to obtain the water level data in front of the dam body.

[0019] A plurality of sediment height detection modules are respectively arranged in front of and behind the dam gate. The sediment height detection modules arranged in front of and behind the dam gate are distributed in the same position. The sediment height detection modules on both sides collect data at the same time. After the sediment height detection modules on either side detect that the water level reaches the height threshold, the difference between the two sediment height detection modules is compared, and the difference data and the sediment height data are fed back to the gate control module.

[0020] After the gate control module receives the difference data and the sediment height data, it controls the gate to open at a set height and set time. The gate control module synchronizes with the GNSS displacement monitoring station. After the gate is opened, the GNSS displacement monitoring station is started to record the surface deformation of the dam and feed it back to the gate control module and the alarm prompt module.

[0021] The GNSS displacement monitoring station is set within a safe distance of 50 meters from the dam body, and several GNSS displacement monitoring stations are evenly distributed on the dam body. After the alarm prompt module receives the over-limit warning from the GNSS displacement monitoring station, it sends a warning instruction to the mobile terminal.

[0022] As a preferred implementation, the gate is electrically connected to the gate control module, the gate control module and the water level data acquisition module use wired or wireless communication, the gate control module and the alarm prompt module use wired or wireless communication, and the water level monitor and the water level data acquisition module use wired or wireless communication; and the water level data acquisition module, the GNSS displacement monitoring station and the alarm prompt module all receive the opening and closing instructions of the gate control module to take action.

[0023] As a preferred implementation, the conditions for the gate control module to control the opening of the dam gate include:

[0024] Let x be the detection data value of any two sediment height detection modules in front of the dam gate at a certain moment, x1 and x2, then the sediment height difference is Δx=x1-x2. If Δx is greater than a certain threshold, the sediment height detection module behind the gate is started;

[0025] Get the height detection value y of the sediment detection module behind the gate. Suppose the detection data values ​​of any two sediment height detection modules behind the gate at a certain moment are y1 and y2, then the sediment height difference is Δy=y1-y2. If Δy is greater than a certain threshold, the gate is started to close.

[0026] Assume that the data value collected by the water level monitor in front of the dam body at a certain moment is z; if z is greater than a certain threshold, the sediment height detection module behind the gate is started;

[0027] When the x and y values ​​obtained by the water level data collection module simultaneously satisfy the Δx and Δy values ​​greater than the threshold, the GNSS displacement monitoring station is started. If the water level in the water level data collection module drops, all GNSS displacement monitoring stations are closed and the gate is kept open.

[0028] If the water level z value collected by the water level data acquisition module is greater than the y value in the sediment height detection module behind the gate, the gate will be closed. If z is less than or equal to the y value in the sediment height detection module behind the gate, the alarm prompt module will be started when the gate is continuously opened for more than a certain period of time.

[0029] After adopting the above technical scheme, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the comprehensiveness and accuracy of data collection have been significantly improved. Through the arrangement of water level monitors before and after the dam body, and the sediment height detection modules before and after the gate, the system can monitor the changes of water level and sediment height in real time, and provide more detailed data for the safety monitoring of the reservoir dam. This comprehensive and accurate data collection helps to timely discover the potential safety risks of the dam, so as to take corresponding measures to prevent and deal with them. The system has achieved intelligence in the monitoring and judgment of sediment height. The built-in sediment height threshold and the different threshold standards before and after the gate enable the system to automatically judge the abnormal situation of sediment accumulation, and provide a more accurate basis for gate control by comparing the difference between the two sediment height detection modules. This intelligent monitoring and judgment mechanism greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of dam safety monitoring.

[0030] The gate control of this system realizes fine regulation. According to the sediment height data, the gate control module can accurately control the gate opening height and time, thereby realizing fine regulation of the reservoir water level. This fine regulation method helps to reduce the waste of water resources and improve the safety and stability of the dam. The introduction of the GNSS displacement monitoring station enables the system to monitor the deformation of the dam surface in real time. This function is crucial for timely detection of potential deformation problems of the dam, and helps to prevent serious safety accidents such as dam collapse and dam breach. At the same time, the setting of the alarm prompt module can send warning instructions to the mobile terminal in time when an over-limit warning is detected, ensuring that relevant personnel can respond quickly and take measures. This safety monitoring and control system for reservoir dams provides a more comprehensive, accurate, timely and effective means for the safety monitoring of reservoir dams by improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of data collection, realizing intelligent monitoring and judgment of sediment height, realizing fine regulation of gates, and introducing GNSS displacement monitoring stations and alarm prompt modules, which helps to improve the safety and stability of the dam and protect the safety of people's lives and property. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0032] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example

[0035] like Figure 1As shown, a safety monitoring and control system for a reservoir dam comprises water level monitors respectively installed in front and behind the dam body, sediment height detection modules respectively arranged on the front and rear end surfaces of the dam body gate, a gate control module, a GNSS displacement monitoring station and an alarm prompt module are arranged on the dam body, the water level monitors are respectively arranged at intervals of 30 meters in the waterway before and after the dam body, the sediment height detection module monitors the sediment height before and after the gate, the sediment height detection module has a built-in height threshold, and the threshold standards in the sediment height detection modules before and after the gate are different, and at any sediment height detection After the measurement module detects that the height threshold is reached, the difference between the two sediment height detection modules is compared, and the difference data and the sediment height data are fed back to the gate control module; after receiving the difference data and the sediment height data, the gate control module controls the gate to open and set the height and time, and the GNSS displacement monitoring station is synchronized with the gate control module, and after the gate is opened, it starts to record the surface deformation of the dam and feeds it back to the gate control module and the alarm prompt module. When the alarm prompt module receives the over-limit warning from the GNSS displacement monitoring station, it sends a warning instruction to the mobile terminal.

[0036] The system continuously monitors the changes in the reservoir water level by installing water level monitors every 30 meters in the waterways before and after the dam. These monitors use high-precision sensors to capture water level fluctuations in real time, ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of the data. Water level data not only reflects the water storage status of the reservoir, but is also one of the important indicators for assessing dam safety, especially under extreme weather conditions such as heavy rains and droughts, where water level changes are particularly critical.

[0037] The sediment height detection modules installed on the front and rear surfaces of the dam gate have built-in height thresholds, and the threshold standards before and after the gate vary depending on factors such as water flow conditions and sedimentation rate. These modules use ultrasonic or laser ranging technology to measure the sediment accumulation height in a non-contact manner, avoiding the limitations and safety hazards of traditional measurement methods. When any sediment height detection module detects that the sediment accumulation approaches or exceeds the preset threshold, the system will start the comparison mechanism to calculate the sediment height difference between the two detection points. This difference reflects the uneven distribution of sediment in the area before and after the gate, which is crucial for judging the impact of sediment deposition on gate operation.

[0038] The gate control module intelligently decides the gate opening height and time based on the received sediment height difference data and specific height data through preset algorithm analysis. For example, if the sediment accumulation at the front gate is serious and the sediment accumulation at the rear gate is relatively light, the system may decide to open the front gate at a certain height and time to promote the balance of sediment flushing with the water flow, while avoiding the sudden increase of dam pressure caused by excessive opening. This intelligent control strategy effectively balances flood discharge efficiency and dam safety, reducing the need for manual intervention.

[0039] GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) displacement monitoring stations are installed at key locations of the dam to monitor minute surface deformations of the dam in real time. GNSS technology, with its high precision and all-weather characteristics, can capture millimeter-level displacement changes, providing an important basis for dam stability assessment. When the dam displacement is detected to exceed the safety threshold, the system immediately triggers an alarm, which is of great significance for timely detection and response to potential dam structure damage.

[0040] As the "nerve center" of the system, the alarm prompt module is responsible for integrating information from the water level monitor, sediment height detection module, gate control module and GNSS displacement monitoring station. Once an abnormal situation is detected, such as abnormal water level, excessive sediment accumulation, excessive dam displacement, etc., it immediately sends a warning command to the preset mobile terminal (such as the administrator's mobile phone, control center computer) to ensure that relevant personnel can respond quickly and take necessary emergency measures.

[0041] In actual working scenarios, the workflow of the safety monitoring and control system is as follows: Daily monitoring: The system continuously collects water level, sediment height and dam displacement data, and all monitoring points upload data to the central processing unit in real time. Data analysis: The central processing unit performs preliminary processing on the collected data, such as denoising and calibration, and then conducts in-depth analysis, including water level change trend prediction, sediment accumulation rate calculation, dam displacement trend evaluation, etc. Intelligent decision-making: Based on the analysis results, the system automatically determines whether to trigger the warning condition. If the water level rises or falls abnormally, the sediment accumulation exceeds the threshold, and the dam displacement exceeds the limit, the system will enter the intelligent decision-making stage to calculate the optimal gate control plan. Execution control: The gate control module automatically or manually (administrator confirmation required) adjusts the gate opening height and time according to the intelligent decision results, implements flood discharge or adjusts the water level, and at the same time, the GNSS displacement monitoring station continues to monitor the dam status. Alarm and response: If GNSS detects abnormal dam displacement, the alarm prompt module will start immediately and send detailed alarm information to the administrator, including abnormal type, location, recommended countermeasures, etc. According to the alarm content, the administrator will quickly organize on-site inspections and initiate emergency plans when necessary. Recording and feedback: The entire monitoring, analysis, decision-making, execution and response process are recorded in detail to form a complete monitoring log, providing valuable data support for subsequent dam safety management. At the same time, the system will automatically adjust or optimize algorithm parameters according to the actual response effect to improve the accuracy and efficiency of future monitoring and control.

[0042] Suppose a reservoir dam encounters continuous heavy rainfall, the water level rises rapidly, and the upstream river carries a large amount of sediment, posing a threat to the safety of the dam. The workflow of the system is as follows: the water level monitor first captures the signal of rapid water level rise and uploads it to the central processing unit in time. The sediment height detection module finds that the sediment accumulation at the front gate is rapid and close to the preset threshold, while the sediment accumulation at the rear gate is light. The central processing unit comprehensively analyzes the water level and sediment data, predicts the pressure that the dam may face, and decides to start the intelligent control strategy. The gate control module automatically adjusts the opening height and time of the front gate according to the algorithm calculation results to promote the balance of sediment scouring, while controlling the flood discharge to avoid excessive water level. The GNSS displacement monitoring station continuously monitors the displacement of the dam body, and immediately triggers an alarm once a small deformation is found to exceed the safety range. The alarm prompt module sends an emergency alarm to the administrator, including the details of the dam body displacement, recommended emergency measures, etc. The administrator responds quickly, organizes on-site inspections, and initiates emergency plans when necessary, such as strengthening the dam body and flood discharge channels. Through the above process, the system effectively integrates multiple monitoring methods, realizes comprehensive, real-time monitoring and intelligent control of the safety status of reservoir dams, greatly improves the dam safety management level and emergency response capabilities, and provides solid technical support for protecting people’s lives and property.

[0043] The water level monitors are arranged horizontally and in parallel in the waterway before and after the dam body. Two adjacent water level monitors compare data in real time, and establish a change curve according to the water level change, and monitor the fluctuation data in the waterway according to the change curve.

[0044] The water level monitors are arranged horizontally and in parallel in the waterways before and after the dam body. Compared with the prior art, this layout realizes more accurate and comprehensive water level monitoring. In the prior art, water level monitors are often arranged in isolation, lacking real-time data comparison between adjacent monitoring points, which may lead to insufficient sensitivity to water level changes, especially under rapidly changing or complex water flow conditions. In this embodiment, two adjacent water level monitors not only monitor the water level independently, but also compare data in real time. This setting can instantly capture the water level differences at different locations in the waterway, which helps to more accurately judge the water flow dynamics and possible abnormal conditions. In addition, the change curve established according to the water level change provides an intuitive representation of the change of water level over time, which is of great significance for analyzing water level trends and predicting extreme events (such as floods). The change curve can also reveal potential abnormal fluctuations in water levels, such as sudden rises and falls, which are often early signals of safety hazards such as dam leakage and dam breaches. Therefore, this embodiment significantly improves the accuracy and early warning efficiency of water level monitoring by enhancing the spatiotemporal resolution and real-time comparison capabilities of data.

[0045] The sediment height detection modules are arranged at the bottom of the front and rear end surfaces of the gate, and there are at least four groups along the bottom rectangular array. The height thresholds of the sediment height detection modules located on the same horizontal plane are the same. The sediment height detection modules in the same column form a detection group. The data between adjacent detection groups are compared. When the difference between the detection groups exceeds the set threshold, the sediment height detection module is inspected when the gate is opened.

[0046] The sediment height detection module is set in a rectangular array at the bottom of the front and rear ends of the gate, and at least four groups of detection modules are distributed on the same horizontal plane. Compared with the existing technology, this design realizes the refinement and intelligence of sediment accumulation monitoring. In the existing technology, sediment monitoring usually relies on a single point or a small number of monitoring points, which is difficult to fully reflect the sediment distribution before and after the gate, especially when the sediment accumulation is uneven. In this embodiment, the sediment height detection modules on the same horizontal plane have the same height threshold to form a detection group. The data comparison between adjacent detection groups can accurately capture the spatial differences of sediment accumulation, which is crucial for evaluating the impact of sediment on gate operation. When the sediment height difference between the detection groups exceeds the set threshold, the system prompts to inspect the sediment height detection module in the corresponding area before opening the gate. This strategy effectively prevents gate failure or improper operation caused by sediment accumulation and enhances the self-diagnosis and maintenance capabilities of the system. Therefore, this embodiment significantly improves the accuracy of sediment monitoring and the ability to identify potential risks by increasing the density of monitoring points and introducing a spatial comparison mechanism.

[0047] The gate control module records and stores the difference data and sediment height data uploaded by the sediment height detection module before and after the gate, and associates the change in sediment height data with the surface deformation record of the GNSS displacement monitoring station after each gate opening, and predicts the amount of sediment based on the associated surface deformation parameters, and uploads the predicted information to the background server.

[0048] In this preferred embodiment, the gate control module not only records and stores the difference data and sediment height data uploaded by the sediment height detection module before and after the gate, but also associates and analyzes these data with the surface deformation records of the GNSS displacement monitoring station after each gate is opened. Compared with the existing technology, this innovation realizes the deep integration and intelligent prediction of dam safety monitoring. In the prior art, gate control is usually based on independent sediment or water level data, lacking association analysis with other monitoring parameters, which limits the system's ability to comprehensively evaluate the overall safety status of the dam. In this embodiment, by associating sediment height changes with surface deformation records, the system can more deeply understand the impact of sediment accumulation on the stability of the dam structure and how this impact evolves over time. Based on these associated data, the system further uses algorithms to predict the changing trend of sediment quantity, uploads the prediction information to the background server, and provides decision makers with a forward-looking safety management basis. This ability of deep integration and intelligent prediction not only improves the scientific nature of dam safety management, but also provides a valuable time window for responding to potential disasters. Therefore, this implementation method significantly enhances the intelligence level of gate control and the initiative of dam safety management by introducing multi-dimensional data association analysis and intelligent prediction.

[0049] A safety monitoring and control method for a reservoir dam, wherein a dam body and gates arranged at both ends of the dam body are arranged in the reservoir dam, and the rear of the gates is a reservoir area, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0050] A plurality of water level monitors are arranged in front of the dam body. The data collected by the water level monitors are input into the water level data acquisition module, and are sent to the gate control module through the water level data acquisition module for monitoring data information matching and identification. The gate control module is synchronized with the water level data acquisition module in real time to obtain the water level data in front of the dam body.

[0051] A plurality of sediment height detection modules are respectively arranged in front of and behind the dam gate. The sediment height detection modules arranged in front of and behind the dam gate are distributed in the same position. The sediment height detection modules on both sides collect data at the same time. After the sediment height detection modules on either side detect that the water level reaches the height threshold, the difference between the two sediment height detection modules is compared, and the difference data and the sediment height data are fed back to the gate control module.

[0052] After the gate control module receives the difference data and the sediment height data, it controls the gate to open at a set height and set time. The gate control module synchronizes with the GNSS displacement monitoring station. After the gate is opened, the GNSS displacement monitoring station is started to record the surface deformation of the dam and feed it back to the gate control module and the alarm prompt module.

[0053] The GNSS displacement monitoring station is set within a safe distance of 50 meters from the dam body, and several GNSS displacement monitoring stations are evenly distributed on the dam body. After the alarm prompt module receives the over-limit warning from the GNSS displacement monitoring station, it sends a warning instruction to the mobile terminal.

[0054] Compared with the existing technology, this safety monitoring and control method has achieved a more comprehensive, sophisticated and intelligent improvement in the safety management of reservoir dams. The specific differences and detailed discussions are as follows:

[0055] First, in terms of data collection and monitoring, this method not only sets up multiple water level monitors in front of the dam body, but also sets up multiple sediment height detection modules before and after the dam gate for the first time. These modules are distributed in the same position and can collect data at the same time. This design enables the system to obtain the water level and sediment accumulation before and after the dam body in real time. By comparing the difference between the sediment height detection modules on the front and back sides, the impact of sediment accumulation on the operation of the gate can be accurately determined. However, existing technologies often rely on a single or a small number of monitoring points, lack comprehensive data collection and comparative analysis, and are difficult to accurately assess the safety status of the dam.

[0056] Secondly, in terms of gate control, this method synchronizes the gate control module with the water level data acquisition module, the sediment height detection module and the GNSS displacement monitoring station in real time, and intelligently controls the gate opening height and time according to the collected data. Compared with the gate operation based on fixed rules or manual judgment in the prior art, this intelligent control strategy is more flexible and accurate, and can effectively cope with various complex hydrological and geological conditions. At the same time, through synchronization with the GNSS displacement monitoring station, the system can record the surface deformation of the dam in real time, providing important data support for the comprehensive assessment of the dam's safety status.

[0057] Furthermore, in terms of warning prompts, this method sets up a warning prompt module, which can send a warning instruction to the mobile terminal in time when the GNSS displacement monitoring station detects an over-limit warning. Compared with the lack of real-time warning or warning delay in the existing technology, this instant warning mechanism can detect potential safety hazards earlier, provide decision makers with valuable response time, and help avoid or reduce the occurrence of dam safety accidents.

[0058] The gate and the gate control module are electrically connected, the gate control module and the water level data acquisition module use wired or wireless communication, the gate control module and the alarm prompt module use wired or wireless communication, and the water level monitor and the water level data acquisition module use wired or wireless communication; and the water level data acquisition module, the GNSS displacement monitoring station and the alarm prompt module all receive the opening and closing instructions of the gate control module to take action.

[0059] The gate and gate control module are electrically connected to ensure the reliability and stability of command transmission. At the same time, the gate control module and the water level data acquisition module, alarm prompt module, etc. use wired or wireless communication methods. This flexible communication method not only improves the scalability and ease of use of the system, but also enables the system to operate stably in different environments. Compared with the single communication method usually used in the prior art, this method is more adaptable to complex and changeable practical application scenarios.

[0060] The gate control module controls the conditions for opening the dam gates, including:

[0061] Let x be the detection data value of any two sediment height detection modules in front of the dam gate at a certain moment, x1 and x2, then the sediment height difference is Δx=x1-x2. If Δx is greater than a certain threshold, the sediment height detection module behind the gate is started;

[0062] Get the height detection value y of the sediment detection module behind the gate. Suppose the detection data values ​​of any two sediment height detection modules behind the gate at a certain moment are y1 and y2, then the sediment height difference is Δy=y1-y2. If Δy is greater than a certain threshold, the gate is started to close.

[0063] Assume that the data value collected by the water level monitor in front of the dam body at a certain moment is z; if z is greater than a certain threshold, the sediment height detection module behind the gate is started;

[0064] When the x and y values ​​obtained by the water level data collection module simultaneously satisfy the Δx and Δy values ​​greater than the threshold, the GNSS displacement monitoring station is started. If the water level in the water level data collection module drops, all GNSS displacement monitoring stations are closed and the gate is kept open.

[0065] If the water level z value collected by the water level data acquisition module is greater than the y value in the sediment height detection module behind the gate, the gate will be closed. If z is less than or equal to the y value in the sediment height detection module behind the gate, the alarm prompt module will be started when the gate is continuously opened for more than a certain period of time.

[0066] In terms of the control conditions of the gate control module, this method proposes for the first time a gate control strategy based on comprehensive judgment of multiple parameters. By comparing the difference between the sediment height detection module before and after the dam gate, the collected data of the water level monitor in front of the dam body, and the recorded data of the GNSS displacement monitoring station, the system can intelligently judge the opening and closing timing of the gate. Compared with the simple rule control based on a single parameter in the prior art, this comprehensive judgment strategy is more scientific, accurate and comprehensive, and can more effectively ensure the safe operation of the dam. At the same time, this method also takes into account factors such as water level drop and the duration of continuous gate opening, further improving the precision and intelligence level of gate control.

[0067] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safety monitoring and control system for a reservoir dam, characterized in that: It includes water level monitors installed before and after the dam body, sediment height detection modules are respectively arranged on the front and rear end surfaces of the dam body gate, and a gate control module, a GNSS displacement monitoring station and an alarm prompt module are arranged on the dam body. The water level monitors are respectively arranged in the waterway before and after the dam body at intervals of 30 meters. The sediment height detection module monitors the sediment height before and after the gate. The sediment height detection module has a built-in height threshold, and the threshold standards in the sediment height detection modules before and after the gate are different. After any sediment height detection module detects that the height threshold is reached, the difference between the two sediment height detection modules is compared, and the difference data and the sediment height data are fed back to the gate control module; after receiving the difference data and the sediment height data, the gate control module controls the gate to open and set the height and time, the GNSS displacement monitoring station is synchronized with the gate control module, and after the gate is opened, the dam surface deformation is started to be recorded and fed back to the gate control module and the alarm prompt module, and when the alarm prompt module receives the over-limit warning from the GNSS displacement monitoring station, a warning instruction is sent to the mobile terminal; The sediment height detection modules are arranged at the bottom of the front and rear end surfaces of the gate, and there are at least four groups along the bottom rectangular array. The height thresholds of the sediment height detection modules located on the same horizontal plane are the same. The sediment height detection modules in the same column form a detection group. The data between adjacent detection groups are compared. When the difference between the detection groups exceeds the set threshold, the sediment height detection module is inspected when the gate is opened.

2. A safety monitoring and control system for a reservoir dam as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water level monitors are arranged horizontally and in parallel in the waterway before and after the dam body. Two adjacent water level monitors compare data in real time, and establish a change curve according to the water level change, and monitor the fluctuation data in the waterway according to the change curve.

3. A safety monitoring and control system for a reservoir dam as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The gate control module records and stores the difference data and sediment height data uploaded by the sediment height detection module before and after the gate, and associates the change in sediment height data with the surface deformation record of the GNSS displacement monitoring station after each gate opening, and predicts the amount of sediment based on the associated surface deformation parameters, and uploads the predicted information to the background server.

4. A safety monitoring and control method for a reservoir dam, wherein the reservoir dam is provided with a dam body and gates arranged at both ends of the dam body, and the rear of the gates is a reservoir area, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: A plurality of water level monitors are arranged in front of the dam body. The data collected by the water level monitors are input into the water level data acquisition module, and are sent to the gate control module through the water level data acquisition module for monitoring data information matching and identification. The gate control module is synchronized with the water level data acquisition module in real time to obtain the water level data in front of the dam body. A plurality of sediment height detection modules are respectively arranged in front of and behind the dam gate. The sediment height detection modules arranged in front of and behind the dam gate are distributed in the same position. The sediment height detection modules on both sides collect data at the same time. After the sediment height detection modules on either side detect that the water level reaches the height threshold, the difference between the two sediment height detection modules is compared, and the difference data and the sediment height data are fed back to the gate control module. After the gate control module receives the difference data and the sediment height data, it controls the gate to open at a set height and set time. The gate control module synchronizes with the GNSS displacement monitoring station. After the gate is opened, the GNSS displacement monitoring station is started to record the surface deformation of the dam and feed it back to the gate control module and the alarm prompt module. The GNSS displacement monitoring station is set within a safe distance of 50 meters from the dam body, and several GNSS displacement monitoring stations are evenly arranged on the dam body. After the alarm prompt module receives the over-limit alarm from the GNSS displacement monitoring station, it sends a warning instruction to the mobile terminal; The sediment height detection modules are arranged at the bottom of the front and rear end surfaces of the gate, and there are at least four groups along the bottom rectangular array. The height thresholds of the sediment height detection modules located on the same horizontal plane are the same. The sediment height detection modules in the same column form a detection group. The data between adjacent detection groups are compared. When the difference between the detection groups exceeds the set threshold, the sediment height detection module is inspected when the gate is opened.

5. A safety monitoring and control method for a reservoir dam as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The gate and the gate control module are electrically connected, the gate control module and the water level data acquisition module use wired or wireless communication, the gate control module and the alarm prompt module use wired or wireless communication, and the water level monitor and the water level data acquisition module use wired or wireless communication; and the water level data acquisition module, the GNSS displacement monitoring station and the alarm prompt module all receive the opening and closing instructions of the gate control module to take action.

6. A safety monitoring and control method for a reservoir dam as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The gate control module controls the conditions for opening the dam gates, including: Let x be the detection data value of any two sediment height detection modules in front of the dam gate at a certain moment, x1 and x2, then the sediment height difference is Δx=x1-x2. If Δx is greater than a certain threshold, the sediment height detection module behind the gate is started; Get the height detection value y of the sediment detection module behind the gate. Suppose the detection data values ​​of any two sediment height detection modules behind the gate at a certain moment are y1 and y2, then the sediment height difference is Δy=y1-y2. If Δy is greater than a certain threshold, the gate is started to close. Assume that the data value collected by the water level monitor in front of the dam body at a certain moment is z; if z is greater than a certain threshold, the sediment height detection module behind the gate is started; When the x and y values ​​obtained by the water level data collection module simultaneously satisfy the Δx and Δy values ​​greater than the threshold, the GNSS displacement monitoring station is started. If the water level in the water level data collection module drops, all GNSS displacement monitoring stations are closed and the gate is kept open. If the water level z value collected by the water level data acquisition module is greater than the y value in the sediment height detection module behind the gate, the gate will be closed. If z is less than or equal to the y value in the sediment height detection module behind the gate, the alarm prompt module will be started when the gate is continuously opened for more than a certain period of time.

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