Explosion-proof device for battery cell

Abstract

The invention discloses an explosion-proof device for a battery cell. The explosion-proof device comprises a fixed shell, a cell tray, a heat insulation assembly and a control assembly, a plurality of through holes are formed in the battery cell tray, and the fixed shell is arranged at the bottom of the battery cell tray; the arc-shaped blocking fins extend in the width direction of the battery cell tray, the length of the arc-shaped blocking fins is smaller than or equal to the width of the battery cell tray, and the arc-shaped blocking fins are uniformly arranged at intervals in the length direction of the battery cell tray; the control assembly is used for detecting whether the battery cell has a thermal runaway phenomenon. When a certain battery cell is subjected to thermal runaway, a high-temperature spraying object causes the pressure in the through hole to rise, and then the high-temperature spraying object is sprayed out from a gap between the battery cell tray and the fixed shell, and is isolated and guided through the arc-shaped barrier fins, so that the condition of thermal diffusion is prevented, and the service life of the battery cell is prolonged. And the thermal runaway of the battery cell is detected through the control assembly, and an alarm is given in time, so that the safety of a driver and passengers is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more specifically, to an explosion-proof device for a battery cell. Background Art

[0002] The safety of new energy vehicles is receiving more and more attention. In addition to meeting the requirements of GB 38031 standard such as no fire and no explosion, and passing the national standard mandatory inspection and certification, many manufacturers have put forward higher safety requirements for the development of new products, such as requiring zero diffusion in the event of thermal runaway, and will use the satisfaction of such requirements as a highlight of the promotion of new products when they are launched. Existing battery cells can be divided into square shell battery cells, soft pack battery cells and cylindrical battery cells according to their structural form. Cylindrical battery cells have the advantages of mature technology, low cost and stable structure. In order to meet the requirements of pure electric range of vehicles and increase the battery pack power in a limited space, large-size high-nickel cylindrical battery cells came into being.

[0003] In order to avoid explosions caused by thermal runaway of the battery cell, in the traditional technology, explosion-proof vent valves are installed on the battery cell to release pressure when thermal runaway occurs. However, the current method of releasing pressure through explosion-proof vent valves is that the high-temperature gas discharged by the explosion-proof vent valves can easily puncture the box, causing damage to the safety of the entire vehicle.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide an explosion-proof device for a battery cell has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a new technical solution for an explosion-proof device for a battery cell.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an explosion-proof device for a battery cell, comprising: a fixed shell, a cell tray, a heat insulation component and a control component; the cell tray is provided with a plurality of through holes, the through holes are used to install the battery cells, and the fixed shell is provided at the bottom of the cell tray;

[0007] The heat insulation assembly includes arc-shaped barrier fins, which are extended along the width direction of the battery tray, the length of the arc-shaped barrier fins is less than or equal to the width of the battery tray, and the arc-shaped barrier fins are evenly spaced along the length direction of the battery tray;

[0008] The control component is used to detect whether the battery cell has thermal runaway.

[0009] Optionally, a distance between two adjacent arc-shaped barrier fins is greater than a diameter of the through hole and less than 1.5 times the diameter of the through hole.

[0010] Optionally, a guide channel is provided between the fixed shell and the bottom of the battery cell tray, the guide channel is communicated with the through hole, and the arc-shaped barrier fin is located in the guide channel.

[0011] Optionally, a middle fixed beam and a fixed frame are provided on the fixed shell, the middle fixed beam is located in the middle of the fixed shell, the fixed frame is located on the side wall of the fixed shell, and the middle fixed beam and the fixed frame are both connected to the bottom of the battery tray;

[0012] The fixing frame is provided with a connecting hole, and the connecting hole is communicated with the guide channel.

[0013] Optionally, the thermal insulation assembly further includes a mica thermal insulation sheet, which is respectively connected to the middle fixed beam and the fixed frame, and the mica thermal insulation sheet blocks the connection hole.

[0014] Optionally, the explosion-proof device of the battery cell further includes an explosion-proof vent valve, and the explosion-proof vent valve is arranged in the connecting hole.

[0015] Optionally, a heat insulating member is poured into the through hole, and the heat insulating member wraps the battery cell.

[0016] Optionally, the control assembly includes a plurality of aluminum wires, a sensor, a controller and an alarm, wherein the aluminum wires are extended along the length direction of the battery tray and coincide with the centers of the plurality of through holes, and the plurality of aluminum wires are sequentially arranged on the through holes along the width direction of the battery tray; the sensor is electrically connected to the aluminum wire and is used to detect current or voltage changes of the aluminum wire;

[0017] The controller is connected to the sensor and the alarm respectively, and is used to receive data information transmitted by the sensor and control the alarm to sound an alarm.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] The present invention provides a plurality of through holes for installing battery cells in the battery cell tray, and arranges a fixed shell at the bottom of the battery cell tray, extends the arc-shaped barrier fins along the width direction of the battery cell tray, and the length of the arc-shaped barrier fins is less than or equal to the width of the battery cell tray, and the arc-shaped barrier fins are evenly spaced along the length direction of the battery cell tray. When a battery cell has thermal runaway, the high-temperature ejecta causes the pressure in the through hole to increase, and then ejects from the gap between the battery cell tray and the fixed shell, and the high-temperature ejecta is isolated and guided by the arc-shaped barrier fins to prevent heat diffusion, and the thermal runaway of the battery cell is detected by the control component, and an alarm is issued in time, which effectively improves the safety of the driver and passengers.

[0020] Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the explosion-proof device of the battery cell of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the battery tray of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is a structural diagram of the heat insulation assembly of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the fixed shell of the present invention.

[0026] The markings in the figure are as follows: 1. Fixed shell; 11. Middle fixed beam; 12. Fixed frame; 13. Connection hole; 14. Diversion hole; 2. Battery cell tray; 21. Through hole; 3. Thermal insulation component; 31. Arc-shaped barrier fin; 32. Mica thermal insulation sheet; 4. Aluminum wire; 5. Diversion channel; 6. Explosion-proof air valve; 7. Battery cell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the relative arrangement of components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specifically stated.

[0028] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.

[0029] Technologies, methods, and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the technologies, methods, and equipment should be considered as part of the specification.

[0030] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not limiting. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an explosion-proof device for a battery cell 7, comprising: a fixed shell 1, a cell tray 2, an insulation component 3 and a control component; a plurality of through holes 21 are provided in the cell tray 2, the through holes 21 are used to install the battery cells 7, and the fixed shell 1 is provided at the bottom of the cell tray 2.

[0032] Specifically, the diameter of the battery cell 7 is 35-55 mm, the height is 70-150 mm, the material of the battery cell 7 is NCM, and the Ni content is above 50%. There are multiple through holes 21, and the multiple through holes 21 are evenly spaced along the width direction of the battery tray 2 and the battery tray 2, so that the through holes 21 are arranged in the entire battery tray 2.

[0033] The thermal insulation assembly 3 includes arc-shaped barrier fins 31 , which extend along the width direction of the cell tray 2 , have a length less than or equal to the width of the cell tray 2 , and are evenly spaced along the length direction of the cell tray 2 .

[0034] Specifically, the through holes 21 include a first column and a second column arranged in sequence along the length direction of the cell tray 2, and the projection of the midpoint between two adjacent through holes 21 in the first column coincides with the center of the through holes 21 in the second column; the arc-shaped barrier fins 31 sequentially connect the midpoint between two adjacent through holes 21 in the first column and the midpoint between two adjacent through holes 21 in the second column to form an arc-shaped structure. The through holes 21 are evenly spaced along the length direction and the width direction of the cell tray 2, that is, the through holes 21 arranged along the length direction of the cell tray 2 are divided into the first column and the second column, and the first column and the second column are arranged in sequence.

[0035] The control component is used to detect whether the battery cell 7 has thermal runaway.

[0036] When a battery cell 7 experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature ejecta causes the pressure in the through hole 21 to increase, and then ejects from the gap between the battery cell tray 2 and the fixed shell 1. At this time, the arc-shaped barrier fins 31 isolate the high-temperature ejecta to prevent the high-temperature ejecta from diffusing into the entire battery pack, thereby preventing the occurrence of thermal diffusion; and the arc-shaped barrier fins 31 also guide the movement of the high-temperature ejecta, so that the high-temperature ejecta can be quickly guided to the outside of the battery pack.

[0037] At the same time, when a battery cell 7 experiences thermal runaway, the control component can detect that the battery cell 7 has thermal runaway. At this time, the control component promptly issues an alarm to remind the driver and passengers, thereby solving the problems of slow alarm and failed alarm caused by smoke sensors used in traditional battery packs.

[0038] The present invention provides a plurality of through holes 21 for installing battery cells 7 in the battery cell tray 2, and the fixed shell 1 is provided at the bottom of the battery cell tray 2, and the arc-shaped barrier fins 31 are extended along the width direction of the battery cell tray 2, the length of the arc-shaped barrier fins 31 is less than or equal to the width of the battery cell tray 2, and the arc-shaped barrier fins 31 are evenly spaced along the length direction of the battery cell tray 2. When a certain battery cell 7 has thermal runaway, the high-temperature ejecta causes the pressure in the through hole 21 to increase, and then ejects from the gap between the battery cell tray 2 and the fixed shell 1, and the high-temperature ejecta is isolated and guided by the arc-shaped barrier fins 31, thereby preventing heat diffusion, and the thermal runaway of the battery cell 7 is detected by the control component, and an alarm is issued in time, which effectively improves the safety of the driver and passengers.

[0039] In one embodiment of the explosion-proof device of the battery cell 7 of the present invention, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the distance between two adjacent arc-shaped blocking fins 31 is greater than the diameter of the through hole 21 and less than 1.5 times the diameter of the through hole 21 .

[0040] Specifically, the arc-shaped barrier fins 31 are sequentially arranged between the two through holes 21 in the length direction of the battery tray 2, so that the two arc-shaped barrier fins 31 can form a plurality of conveying channels in the width direction of the battery tray 2. When a battery cell 7 suffers from thermal runaway, except for the battery cells 7 in the same row in the width direction of the battery tray 2, other battery cells 7 are not affected by the high-temperature gas, thereby avoiding the occurrence of heat diffusion.

[0041] In one embodiment of the explosion-proof device of the battery cell 7 of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, a guide channel 5 is provided between the fixed housing 1 and the bottom of the cell tray 2 , the guide channel 5 is communicated with the through hole 21 , and the arc-shaped barrier fin 31 is located in the guide channel 5 .

[0042] The present invention sets a guide channel 5 between the fixed shell 1 and the bottom of the battery cell tray 2, and connects the guide channel 5 with the through hole 21. The arc-shaped barrier fin 31 is located in the guide channel 5, so that the high-temperature ejecta is guided and blocked by the arc-shaped barrier fin 31 and then discharged from the guide channel 5 to the outside.

[0043] In one embodiment of the explosion-proof device of the battery cell 7 of the present invention, Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a middle fixed beam 11 and a fixed frame 12 are provided on the fixed housing 1, the middle fixed beam 11 is located in the middle of the fixed housing 1, the fixed frame 12 is located on the side wall of the fixed housing 1, and the middle fixed beam 11 and the fixed frame 12 are both connected to the bottom of the battery tray 2;

[0044] The fixing frame 12 is provided with a connecting hole 13 , which is communicated with the guide channel 5 .

[0045] The present invention positions the middle fixed beam 11 in the middle of the fixed shell 1, positions the fixed frame 12 on the side wall of the fixed shell 1, and connects the middle fixed beam 11 and the fixed frame 12 to the bottom of the battery cell tray 2, and connects the connecting hole 13 to the guide channel 5, so that the high-temperature ejecta is discharged from the connecting hole 13 through the guide channel 5. While ensuring the installation stability of the middle fixed beam 11 and the fixed frame 12, the rate of leading out the high-temperature ejecta is improved.

[0046] Furthermore, a guide hole 14 is correspondingly provided on the middle fixed beam 11 , and the high-temperature ejected matter can also be introduced into the outside of the fixed shell 1 through the guide hole 14 , further improving the rate of leading out the high-temperature ejected matter.

[0047] In one embodiment of the explosion-proof device of the battery cell 7 of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the heat insulation assembly 3 further includes a mica heat insulation sheet 32, which is respectively connected to the middle fixed beam 11 and the fixed frame 12, and the mica heat insulation sheet 32 ​​blocks the connection hole 13. Since the mica heat insulation sheet 32 ​​has the characteristic of high temperature resistance, it can effectively prevent heat diffusion.

[0048] In one embodiment of the explosion-proof device of the battery cell 7 of the present invention, Figure 3 As shown, the explosion-proof device of the battery cell 7 further includes an explosion-proof vent valve 6, which is disposed in the connection hole 13. When the pressure of the explosion-proof vent valve 6 is high, the explosion-proof vent valve 6 is pushed open, and the high-temperature ejection enters the connection hole 13 from the guide channel 5 and is ejected from the connection hole 13 to the ground, so that the high-temperature ejection is diffused away from the vehicle body.

[0049] In one embodiment of the explosion-proof device of the battery cell 7 of the present invention, a heat insulating member is poured into the through hole 21 , and the heat insulating member wraps the battery cell 7 .

[0050] Specifically, the thermal insulation can be realized by pouring thermal insulation glue, or by directly assembling components such as mica sheets and aerogels. It mainly provides thermal insulation and short-circuit protection for the bottom of the battery cell 7. The thermal insulation is resistant to high temperatures and not resistant to impact. It will be broken under the impact force and has certain insulation properties.

[0051] In one embodiment of the explosion-proof device of the battery cell 7 of the present invention, Figures 1 to 4As shown, the control component includes multiple aluminum wires 4, sensors, controllers and alarms. The aluminum wires 4 are extended along the length direction of the battery cell tray 2 and coincide with the centers of multiple through holes 21. The multiple aluminum wires 4 are sequentially arranged on the through holes 21 along the width direction of the battery cell tray 2; the sensors are electrically connected to the aluminum wires 4 for detecting current or voltage changes of the aluminum wires 4.

[0052] The controller is connected to the sensor and the alarm respectively. The controller is used to receive data information transmitted by the sensor and control the alarm to sound an alarm.

[0053] It should be noted that the sensor and alarm of the present invention are common devices in the prior art and will not be described here.

[0054] Since the battery pack using large-size, high-nickel cylindrical cells has high energy, the risk of harm when thermal runaway occurs is high. In order to monitor thermal runaway as soon as possible and provide reliable signals, aluminum wire 4 is arranged at the bottom of the battery cell 7. When thermal runaway occurs, the temperature of the high-temperature ejecta is high and will melt the aluminum wire 4. At this time, the controller can quickly detect changes in the voltage or current of the aluminum wire 4 and transmit the data signal to the controller. The controller controls the alarm to sound an alarm to remind the driver and passengers, which solves the problems of slow alarm and alarm failure caused by smoke sensors in traditional battery packs, and effectively improves the safety of the driver and passengers.

[0055] Although some specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of example, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above examples are for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments may be modified without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof device for a battery cell, characterized in that: It includes: a fixed shell, a battery tray, a heat insulation component and a control component; the battery tray is provided with a plurality of through holes, the through holes are used to install battery cells, and the fixed shell is provided at the bottom of the battery tray; The heat insulation assembly includes arc-shaped barrier fins, which are extended along the width direction of the battery tray, the length of the arc-shaped barrier fins is less than or equal to the width of the battery tray, and the arc-shaped barrier fins are evenly spaced along the length direction of the battery tray; The control component is used to detect whether the battery cell has thermal runaway.

2. The explosion-proof device for a battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent arc-shaped barrier fins is greater than the diameter of the through hole and less than 1.5 times the diameter of the through hole.

3. The explosion-proof device for a battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A flow guiding channel is provided between the fixed shell and the bottom of the battery cell tray, the flow guiding channel is communicated with the through hole, and the arc-shaped barrier fin is located in the flow guiding channel.

4. The explosion-proof device for a battery cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixed shell is provided with an intermediate fixed beam and a fixed frame, wherein the intermediate fixed beam is located in the middle of the fixed shell, the fixed frame is located on the side wall of the fixed shell, and the intermediate fixed beam and the fixed frame are both connected to the bottom of the battery tray; The fixing frame is provided with a connecting hole, and the connecting hole is communicated with the guide channel.

5. The explosion-proof device for a battery cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thermal insulation assembly also includes a mica thermal insulation sheet, which is respectively connected to the middle fixed beam and the fixed frame, and the mica thermal insulation sheet blocks the connection hole.

6. The explosion-proof device for a battery cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The explosion-proof device of the battery cell further comprises an explosion-proof vent valve, and the explosion-proof vent valve is arranged in the connecting hole.

7. The explosion-proof device for a battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat insulating member is poured into the through hole, and the heat insulating member wraps the battery core.

8. The explosion-proof device for a battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control assembly includes a plurality of aluminum wires, a sensor, a controller and an alarm, wherein the aluminum wires are extended along the length direction of the battery tray and coincide with the centers of the plurality of through holes, and the plurality of aluminum wires are sequentially arranged on the through holes along the width direction of the battery tray; the sensor is electrically connected to the aluminum wires and is used to detect current or voltage changes of the aluminum wires; The controller is connected to the sensor and the alarm respectively, and is used to receive data information transmitted by the sensor and control the alarm to sound an alarm.

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