An Atomic Clock Frequency Estimation Model and Dynamic Correction Method for Environmental Disturbances

Abstract

The present invention discloses an atomic clock frequency estimation model and a dynamic correction method for environmental disturbances. Based on the traditional atomic clock data model, this model refines the influence of environmental disturbances (such as temperature, humidity, and their interaction) on the frequency offset of the atomic clock and incorporates it into the frequency estimation model to describe the frequency change under environmental disturbances. This method combines temperature and humidity data, calculates the frequency offset using the fitted model parameters, and corrects the atomic clock frequency. It is applicable to both real-time dynamic adjustment systems and post-event data compensation analysis. Compared with the traditional model, the present invention can effectively compensate for the influence of temperature and humidity independent effects and their interaction on the atomic clock, improve the accuracy and stability of frequency correction, and enhance the performance reliability of the atomic clock in complex environments. The present invention is widely applicable to high-precision time synchronization, frequency measurement, and time-frequency research in complex environments, providing technical support for high-performance time reference applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of time and frequency measurement and analysis, and particularly relates to an atomic clock frequency estimation model and a dynamic correction method for environmental disturbances. Background Art

[0002] As a high-precision time and frequency reference device, the performance of an atomic clock is highly sensitive to environmental disturbances. Especially in complex or dynamic environments, fluctuations in external factors (such as temperature and humidity) can significantly interfere with the frequency. Such interference is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

[0003] 1) Temperature disturbance: Temperature changes cause thermal expansion of the cavity material, changes in buffer gas pressure, optical frequency shift effects, and hardware performance drift, resulting in a shift in the atomic transition frequency. This drift not only affects short-term stability but may also accumulate into long-term errors.

[0004] 2) Humidity disturbance: Humidity affects the collision characteristics between the buffer gas and atoms by changing the composition or pressure of the gas in the environment, further leading to frequency changes.

[0005] 3) Temperature-humidity interaction: Temperature and humidity may produce complex non-linear coupling effects in a dynamic environment. For example, high humidity and low temperature conditions may cause condensation in the cavity, further exacerbating frequency drift.

[0006] Currently, traditional atomic clock data models usually assume a constant external environment or only simply consider the linear influence of a single environmental factor. This makes the atomic clock data determined based on traditional atomic clock data models unable to meet the accuracy requirements of key applications (such as satellite navigation and deep space exploration) in high-dynamic environments. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an atomic clock frequency estimation model and a dynamic correction method for environmental disturbances.

[0008] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are realized through the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides an atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental disturbances. In the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental disturbances, an atomic clock data model and a total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental disturbances are included. Moreover, the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental disturbances is used to characterize that the atomic clock data under environmental disturbances includes atomic clock data not affected by environmental disturbances and the total frequency offset of the atomic clock under environmental disturbances;

[0010] Among them, the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations includes: the frequency offset model of the lower atomic clock caused by temperature, the frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by humidity, and the frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by the interaction of temperature and humidity.

[0011] The present invention also provides a dynamic correction method based on an atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations, including:

[0012] Obtaining environmental parameters at multiple different times, and atomic clock data under the perturbations of the environmental parameters at each of the multiple different times;

[0013] According to the environmental parameters at the multiple different times, and the atomic clock data under the perturbations of the environmental parameters at each time, determining the model coefficients in the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations to obtain the atomic clock frequency estimation model to be used;

[0014] Among them, in the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations, an atomic clock data model and a total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations are included, and the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations is used to characterize that in the atomic clock data under environmental perturbations, atomic clock data not affected by environmental perturbations and the total frequency offset of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations are included; the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations includes: the frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by temperature, the frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by humidity, and the frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by the interaction of temperature and humidity;

[0015] According to the environmental parameters at each time, and the atomic clock data under the perturbations of the environmental parameters at each time, using the atomic clock frequency estimation model to be used to estimate the atomic clock data not affected by environmental perturbations at each time.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1) Based on the traditional model, the atomic clock data model proposed by the present invention integrates the non-linear effects of temperature, humidity, and their interaction on frequency offset. By refining the description of environmental perturbations, the frequency changes in a complex dynamic environment can be effectively compensated, thereby greatly improving the stability and accuracy of atomic clock data.

[0018] 2) The dynamic calibration method proposed by the present invention estimates atomic clock data based on an atomic clock frequency estimation model oriented to environmental disturbances, which can effectively compensate for the effects of temperature, humidity acting alone and their interaction on the atomic clock. Therefore, atomic clock data with high frequency stability and high precision can be estimated, greatly improving the frequency stability, reliability and dynamic environment adaptability of the atomic clock in complex dynamic environments.

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is a relationship curve graph showing the frequency offset of the atomic clock provided by the embodiment of the present invention changing with temperature and humidity;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic flow chart of a dynamic calibration method based on an atomic clock frequency estimation model oriented to environmental disturbances provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Specific Embodiments

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0023] Traditional atomic clock data models usually assume a constant external environment or only consider the linear influence of a single environmental factor (such as temperature), and fail to refine the complex interaction of temperature and humidity. This assumption makes the frequency estimation and calibration methods based on traditional atomic clock data models difficult to meet the requirements for accuracy and stability in high-dynamic environments (such as satellite navigation and deep space exploration). Based on this, the present invention proposes an atomic clock frequency estimation model and a dynamic calibration method oriented to environmental disturbances, which can effectively compensate for frequency changes in complex dynamic environments by refining the description of environmental disturbances, thereby greatly improving the frequency stability and reliability of the atomic clock in complex environments.

[0024] The present invention provides an atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations. Based on the traditional atomic clock data model, this model incorporates the non-linear effects of environmental perturbations (such as temperature, humidity, and their interactions) on the atomic clock frequency. Specifically, it includes the influence of temperature on the frequency offset of the atomic clock, the influence of humidity on the frequency offset of the atomic clock, and the influence of the interaction between temperature and humidity on the frequency offset of the atomic clock. This model is used to characterize the atomic clock data under environmental perturbations, which includes the part of the atomic clock data not affected by perturbations and the frequency offset part caused by environmental perturbations. By integrating the influence of environmental perturbations into the atomic clock data model, the present invention can achieve a comprehensive description and precise compensation of the atomic clock frequency offset in a complex environment. Specifically, in the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations, it includes an atomic clock data model and a total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations. Moreover, this atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations is used to characterize that in the atomic clock data under environmental perturbations, it includes the atomic clock data not affected by environmental perturbations and the total frequency offset of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations. Among them, the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations includes: a frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by temperature, a frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by humidity, and a frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by the interaction between temperature and humidity.

[0025] Exemplarily, the expression of the total frequency offset of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations is as follows: ;

[0026] Wherein, is the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations, is the frequency offset model caused by temperature, is the frequency offset model caused by humidity, is the frequency offset of the atomic clock caused by the interaction between temperature and humidity; is the nominal frequency of the atomic clock, refers to the actual frequency offset value caused by environmental factors (such as temperature, humidity, etc.), represents the static effect coefficient of temperature on frequency offset; represents the dynamic effect coefficient of frequency offset caused by the instantaneous change of temperature, is the real-time temperature, is the reference temperature, represents the derivative of time with respect to temperature change (i.e., the temperature change rate), is the linear offset coefficient caused by humidity, represents the coefficient of the non-linear quadratic drift effect caused by humidity, is the real-time humidity, is the reference humidity, is a coefficient used to describe the frequency offset caused by the interaction between temperature and humidity. Obviously, the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental disturbances combines the static compensation and instantaneous compensation of temperature, the non-linear compensation effect of humidity, and the interaction between temperature and humidity. It should be noted that when the types of atomic clocks are different, the and are different. Therefore, and can be set according to the type of atomic clock required.

[0027] Exemplarily, the expression of the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental disturbances is as follows:

[0028] ;

[0029] Among them, is the atomic clock data model, is the time, is the initial time difference, is the initial frequency difference, is the linear frequency drift, is the random noise, and represents the atomic clock data when not affected by environmental disturbances, is the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental disturbances, and represents the total frequency offset of the atomic clock under environmental disturbances, represents the atomic clock data under environmental disturbances. Specifically, represents the atomic clock phase offset under environmental disturbances.

[0030] In order to achieve the dynamic correction of the atomic clock frequency in a complex environment, the atomic clock frequency estimation model proposed by the present invention for environmental disturbances is constructed based on the influence mechanism of temperature, humidity and their interaction on the atomic clock frequency. The theoretical basis for the formula derivation is described in detail below.

[0031] First of all, the typical atomic clock model (i.e., the above-mentioned atomic clock data model) can be expressed as the formula: .

[0032] Secondly, the comprehensive influence of temperature and humidity on the atomic clock frequency offset needs to be considered.

[0033] 1) The influence of temperature on the atomic clock frequency mainly comes from the following physical mechanisms:

[0034] (1) Cavity thermal expansion effect

[0035] The cavity material of an atomic clock (such as quartz or metal) will undergo thermal expansion with temperature changes, altering the geometric dimensions of the cavity, thereby affecting the field distribution within the cavity and the atomic transition frequency. According to the theory of thermal expansion, the frequency offset of the atomic clock is approximately linearly related to the temperature change, specifically manifested as: , where represents being directly proportional.

[0036] When the temperature of the cavity material of the atomic clock changes rapidly, a lag response will occur due to thermal inertia. This lag causes short-term perturbations in the cavity size, geometric characteristics, and internal electromagnetic field distribution, resulting in dynamic changes in the frequency offset. The rate of change of the cavity geometric size is proportional to the rate of temperature change, and the frequency offset of the atomic clock is related to the rate of change of the cavity size: , where represents the cavity size, represents the rate of change of the cavity size, represents the rate of temperature change.

[0037] (2) Optical frequency shift effect

[0038] The optical frequency shift is caused by the influence of the optical field on the atomic energy levels, and its offset depends on the combined effect of the optical field intensity and temperature change on the atomic transition frequency. The temperature dependence of the optical frequency shift further leads to the drift of the transition frequency.

[0039] Taking into account the above effects, the frequency offset under the influence of temperature can be modeled as: .

[0040] 2) Humidity mainly affects the frequency of the atomic clock by changing the buffer gas composition and pressure, specifically including the following two aspects:

[0041] (1) Buffer gas collision frequency shift

[0042] The change in humidity will alter the partial pressure of the buffer gas, affecting the collision characteristics between atoms and buffer gas atoms, and thus leading to frequency drift. According to the kinetic theory of gases, the frequency offset has a non-linear relationship with the change in humidity: and . When the temperature change is large, the non-linear effect of thermal expansion cannot be ignored, manifested as a quadratic non-linear term.

[0043] (2) Cavity condensation effect

[0044] Under high humidity conditions, the cavity may produce a condensation effect, further changing the gas distribution within the cavity and the reflection characteristics of the cavity wall, affecting the atomic transition frequency.

[0045] Therefore, the frequency offset under the influence of humidity can be modeled as: .

[0046] 3) There is a significant interaction between temperature and humidity, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

[0047] (1) Amplification of the humidity effect by temperature: An increase in temperature will increase the molecular motion rate of the buffer gas, amplifying the influence of humidity on the atomic transition frequency.

[0048] (2) Enhancement of the temperature effect by humidity: Changes in humidity may change the thermal conductivity or optical properties of the cavity, thereby amplifying the frequency drift caused by temperature.

[0049] Therefore, the frequency offset under the influence of the interaction between temperature and humidity can be modeled by the first-order interaction term as: . Exemplarily, Figure 1 is a relationship curve graph of the frequency offset of the atomic clock with changes in temperature and humidity. In Figure 1 , the horizontal axis is Time, with the unit of Hours, the left vertical axis is AtomicClock Data of the frequency offset, with the unit of ns, the first vertical axis on the right is Humidity, with the unit of %, and the second vertical axis on the right is Temperature, with the unit of °C. In addition, Figure 1 the solid red line in

[0050] 4) Comprehensive frequency offset model

[0051] Based on the above three parts of influence, the total frequency offset of the atomic clock affected by temperature and humidity can be expressed as: .

[0052] Combining the typical atomic clock model and the total frequency offset model, the atomic clock frequency estimation model proposed by the present invention for environmental perturbations is: . This model simultaneously captures the independent influences of temperature and humidity and the interaction effect between the two, has strong physical interpretability and applicability, and can accurately describe the frequency offset in a complex dynamic environment.

[0053] The present invention also provides a dynamic correction method based on the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations, as Figure 2 shown, this method includes:

[0054] S101. Obtain environmental parameters at multiple different times, as well as atomic clock data under the perturbation of the environmental parameters at each of the multiple different times.

[0055] It should be noted that the environmental parameters include temperature and humidity. The temperature and humidity at each time are the temperature and humidity collected at that time. The atomic clock data under the perturbation of the environmental parameters at each time is the atomic clock data output by the atomic clock under the perturbation of the temperature and humidity at that time. Exemplarily, the temperature and humidity are the temperature and humidity after filtering processing (such as low-pass filtering), so as to eliminate the influence of sensor noise on the model accuracy.

[0056] Exemplarily, the multiple different times can be consecutive times, and the interval time between two adjacent times can be set arbitrarily. For example, 3 minutes or 10 minutes, etc. The present invention does not limit this.

[0057] S102. Determine the model coefficients in the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbation according to the environmental parameters at multiple different times and the atomic clock data under the perturbation of the environmental parameters at each time, and obtain the atomic clock frequency estimation model to be used.

[0058] It should be noted that the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbation has been introduced in detail above, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0059] S103. According to the environmental parameters at each time and the atomic clock data under the perturbation of the environmental parameters at each time, use the atomic clock frequency estimation model to be used to estimate the atomic clock data without environmental perturbation at each time.

[0060] In some embodiments, the model coefficients in the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbation include: the static effect coefficient of temperature on frequency offset 、the dynamic effect coefficient of frequency offset caused by instantaneous temperature change 、the linear offset coefficient caused by humidity 、the coefficient of the non-linear quadratic drift effect caused by humidity 、the coefficient used to describe the frequency offset caused by the interaction between temperature and humidity . Based on this, the above S102 is implemented through the following steps:

[0061] S1021. Substitute the environmental parameters at each time and the atomic clock data under the perturbation of the environmental parameters at each time into the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbation, and obtain multiple equations with 、 、 、 and as unknowns.

[0062] For example, when there are five different moments, five equations corresponding to these five moments can be obtained.

[0063] S1022. Fit out , , , and values, and substitute the , , , and values obtained by fitting into the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations to obtain the atomic clock frequency estimation model to be used.

[0064] For example, the least squares method can be used to fit out , , , and values.

[0065] In some embodiments, the above S103 is implemented through the following steps:

[0066] S1031. Use the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations in the atomic clock frequency estimation model to be used, and calculate the total frequency offset of the atomic clock under the perturbation of the environmental parameters at each moment according to the temperature and humidity at each moment.

[0067] S1032. Subtract the atomic clock data under the perturbation of the environmental parameters at this moment from the total frequency offset of the atomic clock under the perturbation of the environmental parameters at this moment, and use the obtained difference as the estimated atomic clock data without environmental perturbation at this moment.

[0068] In some embodiments, the last moment among the above multiple different moments is the current moment, and the remaining moments among the above multiple different moments are different moments before the current moment. Therefore, through the dynamic correction method provided by the present invention, the output atomic clock data can be corrected in real time, and the specific process of this real-time correction is: after obtaining the environmental parameters at the current moment and the atomic clock data under the perturbation of the environmental parameters at the current moment, use the environmental parameters at the current moment, the atomic clock data under the perturbation of the environmental parameters at the current moment, the environmental parameters obtained at each moment before the current moment, and the atomic clock data under the perturbation of the environmental parameters at each moment before the current moment to , , , and The values are fitted to obtain the atomic clock frequency estimation model at the current moment. Then, the atomic clock frequency estimation model at the current moment is used to estimate the atomic clock data without environmental disturbance at the current moment according to the environmental parameters at the current moment and the atomic clock data under the perturbation of the environmental parameters at the current moment.

[0069] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned multiple different moments are historical moments with a chronological order. Therefore, through the dynamic correction method provided by the present invention, the output atomic clock data can be corrected retrospectively. And the specific process of this retrospective correction is as follows: When it is necessary to retrospectively correct the atomic clock data at certain moments, according to the environmental parameters at these moments and the atomic clock data under the perturbation of the environmental parameters at each of these moments, for , , , and The values are fitted to obtain an atomic clock frequency estimation model. Then, this atomic clock frequency estimation model is used to estimate the atomic clock data without environmental disturbance at each of these moments according to the environmental parameters at each of these moments and the atomic clock data under the perturbation of the environmental parameters at that moment.

[0070] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0071] In the description of this specification, the description referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0072] In the specification, the term "including" does not exclude other components or steps, and "a" or "one" does not exclude a plurality. Certain measures are described in different embodiments, but this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

[0073] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can still be made, and all should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations, characterized in that, In the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations, it includes an atomic clock data model and a total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations. Moreover, the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations is used to characterize that in the atomic clock data under environmental perturbations, it includes atomic clock data not affected by environmental perturbations and the total frequency offset of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations; Among them, the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations includes: a frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by temperature, a frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by humidity, and a frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by the interaction of temperature and humidity; The expression of the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations is as follows: Among them, is the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations, is the frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by temperature, γ(H - H0) + δ(H - H0) 2 is the frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by humidity, and κ(T - T0)(H - H0) is the frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by the interaction of temperature and humidity; f is the nominal frequency of the atomic clock, △f is the actual frequency offset caused by environmental factors, α is the static effect coefficient of temperature on frequency offset; β is the dynamic effect coefficient of frequency offset caused by instantaneous temperature change, T is the real-time temperature, T0 is the reference temperature of the atomic clock, is the temperature change rate, γ is the linear offset coefficient caused by humidity, δ is the coefficient of the non-linear quadratic drift effect caused by humidity, H is the real-time humidity, H0 is the reference humidity of the atomic clock, and κ is the coefficient used to describe the frequency offset caused by the temperature-humidity interaction.

2. The atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental disturbances according to claim 1, characterized in that The expression of the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations is as follows: Among them, is the atomic clock data model, t is time, x0 is the initial time difference, y0 is the initial frequency difference, d is the linear frequency drift, and ε x (t) is the random noise, and represents the atomic clock data when not affected by environmental disturbances, is the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental disturbances, and represents the total frequency offset of the atomic clock under environmental disturbances, where x(t) represents the atomic clock data under environmental disturbances, f is the nominal frequency of the atomic clock, and △f is the actual frequency offset caused by environmental factors.

3. A dynamic correction method based on an atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations, characterized in that, Including: Obtain environmental parameters at multiple different times, and atomic clock data under the perturbations of the environmental parameters at each of the multiple different times; According to the environmental parameters at the multiple different times and the atomic clock data under the perturbations of the environmental parameters at each time, determine the model coefficients in the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations to obtain the atomic clock frequency estimation model to be used; Among them, in the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations, it includes an atomic clock data model and a total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations. Moreover, the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations is used to characterize that in the atomic clock data under environmental perturbations, it includes atomic clock data not affected by environmental perturbations and the total frequency offset of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations; the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations includes: a frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by temperature, a frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by humidity, and a frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by the interaction of temperature and humidity; According to the environmental parameters at each time and the atomic clock data under the perturbations of the environmental parameters at each time, use the atomic clock frequency estimation model to be used to estimate the atomic clock data not affected by environmental perturbations at each time; The expression of the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations is as follows: Among them, is the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations, is the frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by temperature, γ(H - H0) + δ(H - H0) 2 is the frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by humidity, κ(T - T0)(H - H0) is the frequency offset model of the atomic clock caused by the interaction of temperature and humidity; f is the nominal frequency of the atomic clock, △f is the actual frequency offset caused by environmental factors, α is the static effect coefficient of temperature on frequency offset; β is the dynamic effect coefficient of frequency offset caused by instantaneous temperature change, T is the real-time temperature, T0 is the reference temperature of the atomic clock, is the temperature change rate, γ is the linear offset coefficient caused by humidity, δ is the coefficient of the nonlinear quadratic drift effect caused by humidity, H is the real-time humidity, H0 is the reference humidity of the atomic clock, κ is the coefficient used to describe the frequency offset caused by the temperature-humidity interaction.

4. The dynamic correction method based on the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental disturbances according to claim 3, wherein The determining the model coefficients in the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations according to the environmental parameters at the multiple different times and the atomic clock data under the perturbations of the environmental parameters at each time to obtain the atomic clock frequency estimation model to be used includes: Substitute the environmental parameters at each time and the atomic clock data under the perturbations of the environmental parameters at each time into the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations to obtain a plurality of equations with α, β, γ, δ, and κ as unknowns; Fit the values of α, β, γ, δ, and κ according to the plurality of equations, and substitute the fitted values of α, β, γ, δ, and κ into the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations to obtain the atomic clock frequency estimation model to be used.

5. The dynamic correction method based on the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental disturbances according to claim 3, characterized in that The last one of the multiple different moments is the current moment, and the remaining moments among the multiple different moments are different moments before the current moment.

6. The dynamic correction method based on the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental disturbances according to claim 3, characterized in that The multiple different moments are historical moments with a chronological order in terms of time.

7. The dynamic correction method based on the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations according to claim 3, wherein The expression of the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations is as follows: Among them, is the atomic clock data model, t is time, x0 is the initial time difference, y0 is the initial frequency difference, d is the linear frequency drift, and ε x (t) is the random noise, and represents the atomic clock data when not affected by environmental disturbances, is the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental disturbances, and represents the total frequency offset of the atomic clock under environmental disturbances, x(t) represents the atomic clock data under environmental disturbances, f is the nominal frequency of the atomic clock, and △f is the actual frequency offset caused by environmental factors.

8. The dynamic correction method based on the atomic clock frequency estimation model for environmental perturbations according to claim 3, characterized in that The environmental parameters include temperature and humidity; according to the environmental parameters at each moment and the atomic clock data under the perturbations of the environmental parameters at each moment, using the atomic clock frequency estimation model to be used, estimating the atomic clock data without environmental perturbations at each moment includes: Using the total frequency offset model of the atomic clock under environmental perturbations in the atomic clock frequency estimation model to be used, calculating the total frequency offset of the atomic clock under the perturbations of the environmental parameters at each moment according to the temperature and humidity at each moment; Subtracting the atomic clock data under the perturbations of the environmental parameters at each moment from the total frequency offset of the atomic clock under the perturbations of the environmental parameters at each moment, and taking the obtained difference as the estimated atomic clock data without environmental perturbations at each moment.

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