Ka-band one-dimensional electric scanning phased array terminal

Abstract

The invention discloses a Ka-band one-dimensional electric scanning phased array terminal, which belongs to the field of satellite communication terminal application and comprises an antenna receiving array plane, an antenna transmitting array plane, a wave control unit, a main control unit, a tracking unit, a Beidou positioning unit, an attitude feedback unit, a frequency conversion unit, a power supply unit, a modulation and demodulation unit, a complete machine structure unit, an azimuth servo driving unit and the like. The terminal adopts a tile type stacking structure, is in a disc shape on the whole, can reduce the height to the maximum extent, adopts servo drive to realize 360-degree wireless rotation angle coverage in the orientation to reduce the product cost, adopts electric scanning to realize 30-90-degree elevation angle coverage in the pitching process, and can realize bidirectional communication of satellite signals. The terminal can realize Ka frequency band dual circular polarization work, and has the characteristics of high integration, low profile, light weight and low cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of satellite communication terminal applications, and in particular to a Ka-band one-dimensional electronically scanned phased array terminal. Background Art

[0002] The Ka-band one-dimensional electronically scanned phased array terminal is a special form of portable communication terminal. Its function is to realize automatic satellite alignment according to the position of the target satellite, and radiate the signal of the future transmitting component into space in the form of electromagnetic waves. At the same time, the signal from the satellite passes through the array surface and enters the back-end receiving component. The uplink and downlink RF signals are converted into L-band through the up and down frequency conversion modules, and are networked with the spread spectrum baseband for application. The entire terminal adopts a highly integrated architecture of active antenna, frequency conversion, spread spectrum baseband, main control and wave control, and can directly carry out business communications.

[0003] Common flat-panel terminal antennas are mainly in the form of microstrip arrays, waveguide slot arrays, waveguide horn arrays, etc. Traditional two-dimensional servo flat-panel antennas require a servo turntable for target tracking, which is large in size and high in height. Since the two-dimensional phased array is implemented using a microstrip array antenna, it integrates more phase-shifting chips, which has high power consumption and high cost. This design uses a Ka-band one-dimensional electronically scanned phased array terminal. The azimuth angle is adjusted by servo rotation, and the pitch is achieved by active array electronic scanning. This not only reduces the height of the terminal, but also reduces the cost and power consumption of the entire machine. The product has great cost advantages when promoted to the consumer level.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN 114374073A discloses a Ka-band phased array antenna and terminal solution, which uses two-dimensional electronic scanning to achieve target tracking. The overall cost is high, the power consumption is high, and a special heat dissipation structure needs to be designed. In addition, the patent is only a solution, and the specific product architecture and feasibility cannot be evaluated. Patent CN308663774S discloses a phased array terminal (Ka universal) appearance design, which adopts a two-dimensional phased array transceiver sub-array separation architecture and has an overall rectangular layout. This architecture only has an appearance, and it is impossible to evaluate whether its composition integrates baseband processing. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a Ka-band one-dimensional electronically scanned phased array terminal to solve the technical problem of low protection of existing lathes.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A Ka-band one-dimensional electronically scanned phased array terminal comprises an antenna cover, a transmitting array, an antenna back plate, a turntable cover, a base, an external connector, a direct-drive reduction motor, a slip ring, a power supply, a receiving array, a wave control unit, a Beidou antenna, a control unit, an inclinometer, an up-converter, a down-converter and a spread spectrum baseband. Three wiring grooves are arranged on the surface of the antenna back plate, and the cables used are connected to the slip ring through the grooves and then transferred to the base through the relative rotation of the slip ring stator and the rotor, so as to realize 360-degree infinite rotation in azimuth. The transmitting array, the receiving array, the wave control unit and the Beidou antenna are installed on the upper part of the antenna back plate, and the up-converter, the down-converter and the spread spectrum baseband are installed on the lower part of the antenna back plate, and the antenna back plate is packaged by a turntable cover. The outside of the antenna back plate is sealed and protected by the antenna cover. The direct-drive reduction motor is a direct-drive stepping motor, and its stator part is connected to the base to ensure that the motor housing is reliably fixed. Its rotor is connected to the antenna back plate to drive the antenna array surface to move according to instructions. The slip ring is installed in the hollow part to provide dynamic connection of the cable.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention, a direct-drive reduction motor, a slip ring, a power supply for power supply, a control unit and an inclinometer are installed on the base. The direct-drive reduction motor and the slip ring are installed in a nested combination, which can not only ensure 360° continuous rotation of the rotor part, but also ensure that the business signals, main control signals and power supply formed by all rotor parts are smoothly conducted through the slip ring.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention, the control unit is installed on the base, and data stream interaction with the wave control unit, spread spectrum baseband, Beidou antenna, upconverter and downconverter is realized through slip rings. The control unit integrates a carrier tracking function, and completes the target position calculation in real time through the attitude feedback of the dual-axis inclinometer. The terminal control unit sends target instructions to the azimuth direct-drive reduction motor and the wave control unit through the target position, completes the azimuth and pitch angle pointing adjustment, and realizes target tracking.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, a hollow direct-drive reduction motor and a slip ring are installed in the base, all signals and power supplies are conducted through the slip ring, the antenna rotor part completes the signal connection of the active antenna, frequency conversion module, and baseband, the modulated signals and demodulated signals processed by the spread spectrum baseband are all connected to the external connector through the slip ring, and all external power supplies enter the whole machine through the external power supply connector and are distributed to the power supply devices of the terminal base and the power supply components of the rotor part.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, the terminal is in the shape of a disk, and the antenna cover is made of non-metal with a honeycomb structure with good wave transmission performance as raw material, which does not affect the radiation performance of internal devices.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, the transmitting array and the receiving array adopt an irregular array layout, and a plurality of rectangular arrays are assembled to satisfy the structural circular layout of the array.

[0012] The antenna uses multiple rectangular sub-arrays. Through reasonable beamforming, the directional pattern coverage of square arrays and circular arrays can be achieved. In specific implementation, every 8 receiving antenna units correspond to a low-noise amplifier chip, and each column of receiving antenna units corresponds to a phase shifter chip. The antenna units inside the receiving sub-array are arranged in a rectangular grid with a unit spacing of 8 mm. The control edge will be designed in the spare part. The receiving antenna unit, the low-noise amplifier chip, and the phase shifter chip are integrated into the active receiving array surface through a multi-layer mixed-pressure PCB. The receiving antenna is designed as a microstrip antenna and is directly printed on the top layer of the multi-layer PCB. The low-noise amplifier chip and the phase shifter chip are surface-mounted on the bottom layer of the Bottom. The signal synthesis network, signal control network, and feeding network are distributed inside the multi-layer PCB.

[0013] Similarly, every 8 transmitting antenna units correspond to a power amplifier chip, and each column of transmitting antenna units corresponds to a phase shifter chip. The antenna units inside the transmitting antenna array are arranged in a rectangular grid, with a unit spacing of 6.3 mm, and the control edge will be designed in the spare part. The transmitting antenna unit, power amplifier chip, and phase shifter chip are integrated into the active transmitting array through a multi-layer mixed-pressure PCB. The transmitting antenna is designed as a microstrip antenna and is directly printed on the top layer of the multi-layer PCB. The power amplifier chip and phase shifter chip are surface-mounted on the bottom layer of the bottom layer. The signal distribution network, signal control network, and feed network are distributed inside the multi-layer PCB.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: the Ka-band one-dimensional electronically scanned phased array terminal of the present invention works in the Ka-band and can be applied to the communication field to realize the reception and transmission of Ka high-throughput satellite signals. The azimuth of the terminal adopts servo rotation to achieve 360° adjustment of the azimuth angle, and the pitch is achieved by active array electronic scanning, which not only reduces the height of the terminal, but also reduces the cost and power consumption of the whole machine, which has great advantages for consumer-level promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is the design diagram of the active antenna array of the present invention; Figure 2 The active antenna feeding network design diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the whole machine of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the back installation of the antenna back plate of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0017] like Figure 1 As shown, the receiving antenna array of the present invention is composed of 1536 receiving antenna units, including 192 low-noise amplifier chips and 96 phase shifter chips, that is, every 8 antenna units correspond to a low-noise amplifier chip, and every 2 low-noise amplifier chips correspond to 1 phase shifter chip. In specific implementation, the receiving antenna array is composed of a plurality of irregular sub-arrays, which are simulated and designed to meet the synthesis effect of the directional pattern; the transmitting antenna array is composed of 512 transmitting antenna units, including 64 power amplifier chips and 32 phase shifter chips, that is, every 8 antenna units correspond to a power amplifier chip, and every 2 power amplifier chips correspond to 1 phase shifter chip. In specific implementation, the transmitting array also adopts an irregular sub-array design, which meets the synthesis effect of the directional pattern after the array is assembled, and the overall layout of the transmitting and receiving sub-arrays is circular; like Figure 2 As shown, the antenna feed network of the present invention is a PCB feed network, which currently has a total of 11 layers, of which L1~L5 are the antenna part, and L6~L11 are the receiving four-in-one / transmitting one-to-four network layers, with an overall thickness of 2.846 mm. In this design, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna adopt the same stacking setting, and the board material, thickness, and via design are all kept consistent, so as to facilitate subsequent panel processing, improve processing efficiency, and reduce production costs. In the future, based on this stacking, the interconnection integration with the low-noise amplifier chip / power amplifier chip and the phase shifter chip will be completed in the PCB board.

[0018] like Figure 3-5 As shown, a Ka-band one-dimensional electronically scanned phased array terminal is in the shape of a disk, including an antenna cover 1, a transmitting array 2, an antenna back plate 3, a turntable cover 4, a base 5, an external connector 6, a direct-drive reduction motor 7, a slip ring 8, a power supply 9, a receiving array 10, a wave control unit 11, a Beidou antenna 12, a control unit 13, an inclinometer 14, an up-converter 15, a down-converter 16, and a spread spectrum baseband 17. Three wiring grooves are arranged on the surface of the antenna back plate 3, and the cables used are connected to the slip ring 8 through the relative rotation of the slip ring stator and the rotor. Into the base 5, 360° infinite rotation in azimuth is realized. The transmitting array 2, the receiving array 10, the wave control unit 11 and the Beidou antenna 12 are installed on the upper part of the antenna back plate 3, and the upconverter 15, the downconverter 16 and the spread spectrum baseband 17 are installed on the lower part of the antenna back plate 3. The entire antenna back plate 3 integrates the active antenna, frequency conversion, wave control and baseband processing parts to form the entire rotor part, and is packaged with a turntable cover 4 to meet the signal receiving and sending functions of the transmitting array 2, the receiving array 10 and the Beidou antenna 12. During the satellite alignment process, the entire rotor part rotates relative to the chassis as a whole.

[0019] The up-conversion module 15, the down-conversion module 16, and the spread spectrum baseband 17 are integrally installed on the back of the antenna back plate 3, which can realize the active antenna, frequency conversion module and baseband, and the RF connection of the module is more convenient and reduces the link loss.

[0020] The outside of the antenna back plate 3 is sealed and protected by the antenna cover 1. The antenna cover 1 is made of non-metal with a honeycomb structure with good wave transmission performance, which does not affect the radiation performance of the internal components. The direct-drive reduction motor 7 is a direct-drive stepper motor, whose stator part is connected to the base 5 to ensure that the motor housing is reliably fixed, and its rotor is connected to the antenna back plate 3 to drive the antenna array to move according to the command. The slip ring 8 is installed in the hollow part to provide cable dynamic connection.

[0021] A direct-drive reduction motor 7, a slip ring 8, a power supply 9, a control unit 13 and an inclinometer 14 are installed on the base 5. The direct-drive reduction motor 7 and the slip ring 8 are installed in a nested combination, which can not only ensure the continuous rotation of the rotor part by 360°, but also ensure that the business signals, main control signals and power supply generated by all rotor parts are smoothly conducted through the slip ring.

[0022] The control unit 13 is installed on the base 5, and realizes data stream interaction with the wave control unit 11, spread spectrum baseband 17, Beidou antenna 12, up-converter 15, and down-converter 16 through the slip ring 8. The control unit 13 integrates a carrier tracking function, and completes the target position calculation in real time through the attitude feedback of the dual-axis inclinometer 14. The terminal control unit 13 sends target instructions to the azimuth direct-drive reduction motor 7 and the wave control unit 11 through the target position, completes the azimuth and pitch angle pointing adjustment, and realizes target tracking.

[0023] The base 5 is equipped with a hollow direct-drive reduction motor 7 and a slip ring 8. All signals and power supplies are conducted through the slip ring 8. The antenna rotor part completes the signal connection of the active antenna, frequency conversion module, and baseband. The modulated signals and demodulated signals processed by the spread spectrum baseband 17 are all connected to the external connector 6 through the slip ring 8. All external power supplies enter the whole machine through the power supply external connector 6 and are distributed to the power supply components of the terminal base 5 and the rotor part. The transmitting array 2 and the receiving array 10 adopt an irregular array layout, and the structural circular layout of the array surface is met by splicing multiple rectangular arrays.

[0024] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, according to the teachings of the present invention, without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made to the implementation methods are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Ka-band one-dimensional electronically scanned phased array terminal, characterized in that: The invention comprises an antenna cover (1), a transmitting array (2), an antenna back plate (3), a turntable cover (4), a base (5), an external connector (6), a direct drive reduction motor (7), a slip ring (8), a power supply (9), a receiving array (10), a wave control unit (11), a Beidou antenna (12), a control unit (13), an inclinometer (14), an up-converter (15), a down-converter (16), and a spread spectrum baseband (17). Three wiring grooves are arranged on the surface of the antenna back plate (3), and the cables are connected to the slip ring (8) through the grooves, and then transferred to the base (5) through the relative rotation of the slip ring stator and the rotor, so as to realize 360° infinite rotation in azimuth. The transmitting array (2), the receiving array (10), the wave control unit (11) and the Beidou antenna (12) are installed on the upper part of the antenna back plate (3); the upconverter (15), the downconverter (16) and the spread spectrum baseband (17) are installed on the lower part of the antenna back plate (3), and the antenna is packaged by a turntable cover (4). The outside of the antenna back plate (3) is sealed and protected by the antenna cover (1). The direct-drive reduction motor (7) is a direct-drive stepping motor, the stator part of which is connected to the base (5) to ensure that the motor housing is reliably fixed, and the rotor is connected to the antenna back plate (3) to drive the antenna array surface to move according to the command. The slip ring (8) is installed in the hollow part to provide a cable dynamic connection.

2. A Ka-band one-dimensional electronically scanned phased array terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: A direct-drive reduction motor (7), a slip ring (8), a power supply (9), a control unit (13) and an inclinometer (14) are mounted on the base (5). The direct-drive reduction motor (7) and the slip ring (8) are installed in a nested combination, which can ensure that the rotor part can rotate 360 ​​degrees continuously and that the business signals, main control signals and power supply generated by all rotor parts can be smoothly conducted through the slip ring.

3. A Ka-band one-dimensional electronically scanned phased array terminal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control unit (13) is installed on the base (5) and realizes data stream interaction with the wave control unit (11), the spread spectrum baseband (17), the Beidou antenna (12), the up-converter (15), and the down-converter (16) through the slip ring (8). The control unit (13) integrates a carrier tracking function and completes target position calculation in real time through attitude feedback from the dual-axis inclinometer (14). The terminal control unit (13) sends target instructions to the azimuth direct drive reduction motor (7) and the wave control unit (11) through the target position, completes the azimuth and pitch angle pointing adjustment, and realizes target tracking.

4. A Ka-band one-dimensional electronically scanned phased array terminal design according to claim 3, characterized in that: The base (5) is installed with a hollow direct-drive reduction motor (7) and a slip ring (8). All signals and power supplies are conducted through the slip ring (8). The antenna rotor part completes the signal connection of the active antenna, the frequency conversion module, and the baseband. The modulated signals and demodulated signals processed by the spread spectrum baseband (17) are all connected to the external connector (6) through the slip ring (8). All external power supplies enter the whole machine through the external power supply connector (6) and are distributed to the power supply devices of the terminal base (5) and the power supply components of the rotor part.

5. The Ka-band one-dimensional electronically scanned phased array terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terminal is in the shape of a disk, and the antenna cover (1) is made of a non-metallic material having a honeycomb structure with good wave transmission performance, which does not affect the radiation performance of the internal components.

6. A Ka-band one-dimensional electronically scanned phased array terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmitting array (2) and the receiving array (10) adopt an irregular array layout, and a plurality of rectangular arrays are assembled to meet the structural circular layout of the array.

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