Generator set control based on load conditions

Abstract

The generator set adaptively provides power according to load conditions. In one aspect, a generator set includes an engine (110) and an alternator (120) coupled to the engine (110). In one aspect, an alternator (120) is configured to generate a voltage at an output port based on a speed of an engine (110). In one aspect, a genset includes a controller (150) coupled to an engine (110) and an alternator (120). In one aspect, a controller (150) is configured to determine a load condition at an output port of an alternator (120). In one aspect, a controller (150) is configured to generate a control signal based on a load condition that causes an engine (110) to change speed to adjust a frequency or phase of a voltage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application generally relates to systems and methods for adaptively controlling a generator set based on load conditions.

[0002] background

[0003] Generator sets (gensets), such as alternating current (AC) generator sets, can provide power to loads when power is not available from the electric utility or another power source (e.g., solar generator sets, fuel cell generator sets, wind turbine generator sets, etc.). When utility power is restored, the load can be transferred back to the utility. In addition, the generator sets can supplement the utility's power when the demand of the load exceeds the utility's supply. Often, load conditions change and cause interruptions in the power provided by the generator sets. For example, new loads can be added, removed, enabled, or disabled. Changes in load conditions can cause the generator sets to provide power with insufficient frequency, phase, and / or amplitude.

[0004] Overview

[0005] The disclosure herein relates to a device or generator set for providing a voltage at an output port based on a load condition. In some embodiments, the generator set includes an engine and an alternator coupled to the engine. In some embodiments, the alternator is configured to generate a voltage at an output port based on the speed of the engine. In some embodiments, the generator set includes a controller coupled to the engine and the alternator. In some embodiments, the controller includes one or more processors to perform or implement the various functions of the controller described herein. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to determine the load condition at the output port of the alternator. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to generate a control signal based on the load condition, which causes the engine to change speed to adjust the frequency or phase of the voltage.

[0006] In one aspect, the controller is configured to detect the magnitude of the voltage. In one aspect, the controller is configured to detect the current through the output port. In one aspect, the controller is configured to determine the load condition based on the magnitude of the voltage and the current.

[0007] In one aspect, the load condition comprises an impedance at the output port.In one aspect, the controller is configured to determine the electrical load demand based on a function of the target magnitude of the voltage and the impedance.

[0008] In one aspect, the controller is configured to generate another control signal based on the electrical load demand, the other control signal causing the alternator to vary the magnitude of the voltage.

[0009] In one aspect, the generator set further comprises an alternator controller coupled to the alternator. In one aspect, the alternator controller is configured to receive another control signal indicative of an amount of electromotive force of the alternator. In one aspect, the alternator controller is configured to provide the amount of electromotive force indicated by the another control signal to the alternator to adjust the magnitude of the voltage based on load conditions.

[0010] In one aspect, the load condition further comprises a phase offset between the voltage and the current. In one aspect, the controller is configured to determine an adjusted electrical load demand based on the electrical load demand and the phase offset.

[0011] In one aspect, the controller is configured to determine a mechanical power demand corresponding to the regulated electrical load demand. In one aspect, the controller is configured to determine an amount of fuel to be provided to the engine based on the mechanical power demand. In one aspect, the controller is configured to generate a control signal indicative of the amount of fuel.

[0012] In one aspect, the generator set further comprises an engine controller coupled to the engine. In one aspect, the engine controller is configured to receive a control signal indicating a fuel quantity. In one aspect, the engine controller is configured to provide the fuel quantity indicated by the control signal to the engine to adjust the speed of the engine based on load conditions.

[0013] The present disclosure relates to a method for controlling a generator set including a controller, an alternator, and an engine based on a load condition at an output port of the alternator. In some embodiments, the method includes determining, by the controller, a load condition at an output port of the alternator. In some embodiments, the alternator is configured to generate a voltage at the output port based on a speed of an engine coupled to the alternator. In some embodiments, the method includes generating, by the controller, a control signal based on the load condition to adjust the magnitude of the voltage at the output port.

[0014] In one aspect, the load condition comprises an impedance at the output port. In one aspect, the control signal is generated by the controller based on the impedance.

[0015] In one aspect, the method includes dividing, by the controller, the value of the voltage by the value of the current through the output port to determine the impedance at the output port.

[0016] In one aspect, the method includes determining, by a controller, an electrical load demand based on the impedance. In one aspect, a control signal is generated by the controller based on the electrical load demand.

[0017] In one aspect, the method includes generating, by the controller, another control signal to adjust a speed of the engine based on the electrical load demand.

[0018] In one aspect, the method includes providing, by the controller, a control signal to an alternator controller. In one aspect, the alternator controller is configured to adjust an electromotive force provided to the alternator according to the control signal to adjust the magnitude of a voltage at the output port.

[0019] In one aspect, the method includes providing, by the controller, another control signal to the engine controller. In one aspect, the engine controller is configured to adjust an amount of fuel provided to the engine to adjust a speed of the engine based on the another control signal.

[0020] In one aspect, generating another control signal based on the electrical load demand by the controller includes determining, by the controller, a mechanical power demand corresponding to the electrical load demand. In one aspect, generating another control signal based on the electrical load demand by the controller includes generating, by the controller, another control signal according to the determined mechanical power demand.

[0021] The present disclosure relates to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform various methods disclosed herein.

[0022] The disclosure herein relates to a generator set that provides a voltage at an output port based on a load condition. In some embodiments, the generator set includes an engine and an AC generator coupled to the engine. In some embodiments, the AC generator is configured to generate a voltage at the output port based on the speed of the engine. In some embodiments, the generator set includes a controller coupled to the engine and the AC generator. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to determine the impedance at the output port. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to generate a first control signal based on the impedance, the first control signal causing the engine to change speed to adjust the frequency or phase of the voltage. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to generate a second control signal based on the impedance, the second control signal causing the AC generator to change the amplitude of the voltage.

[0023] In one aspect, the controller is configured to generate a first control signal indicating an amount of fuel to be supplied to the engine based on the impedance. In one aspect, the generator set includes an engine controller coupled to the engine. In one aspect, the engine controller is configured to receive the first control signal indicating the amount of fuel. In one aspect, the engine controller is configured to provide the amount of fuel indicated by the first control signal to the engine to change the speed of the engine based on the impedance.

[0024] In one aspect, the controller is configured to generate a second control signal indicative of an amount of electromotive force of the alternator based on the impedance. In one aspect, the generator set includes an alternator controller coupled to the alternator. In one aspect, the alternator controller is configured to receive the second control signal indicative of an amount of electromotive force of the alternator. In one aspect, the alternator controller is configured to provide the amount of electromotive force indicated by the second control signal to the alternator to change the magnitude of the voltage based on the load condition.

[0025] The disclosure herein relates to a method for controlling a generator set to provide electric power based on a load condition. In some embodiments, the generator set includes a controller, an alternator, and an engine. In some embodiments, the method includes determining, by the controller, a load condition at an output port of the alternator. The alternator can generate a voltage at the output port based on a speed of an engine coupled to the alternator. In some embodiments, the method includes generating, by the controller, a control signal based on the load condition, the control signal causing the engine to change the speed of the engine to adjust the frequency or phase of the voltage.

[0026] In one aspect, the method further comprises detecting, by the controller, the magnitude of the voltage. In one aspect, the method further comprises detecting, by the controller, the current through the output port. In one aspect, the method further comprises determining, by the controller, the load condition based on the magnitude of the voltage and the current.

[0027] In one aspect, the load condition includes an impedance at the output port. In one aspect, the method further includes determining, by the controller, the electrical load demand based on a function of the target magnitude of the voltage and the impedance.

[0028] In one aspect, the method further includes generating, by the controller, another control signal based on the electrical load demand, the other control signal causing the alternator to change the magnitude of the voltage.

[0029] In one aspect, the generator set includes an alternator controller coupled to the alternator. In one aspect, the method further includes receiving, by the alternator controller, another control signal indicative of an amount of electromotive force of the alternator. In one aspect, the method further includes providing, by the alternator controller, to the alternator an amount of electromotive force indicated by the another control signal to adjust a magnitude of voltage based on load conditions.

[0030] In one aspect, the load condition further comprises a phase offset between the voltage and the current. In one aspect, the method further comprises determining, by the controller, an adjusted electrical load demand based on the electrical load demand and the phase offset.

[0031] In one aspect, the method further comprises determining, by the controller, a mechanical power demand corresponding to the regulated electrical load demand. In one aspect, the method further comprises determining, by the controller, an amount of fuel to be provided to the engine based on the mechanical power demand. In one aspect, the method further comprises generating, by the controller, a control signal indicative of the amount of fuel.

[0032] In one aspect, the generator set includes an engine controller coupled to the engine. In one aspect, the method further includes receiving, by the engine controller, a control signal indicating an amount of fuel. In one aspect, the method further includes providing, by the engine controller, the amount of fuel indicated by the control signal to the engine to adjust a speed of the engine based on load conditions.

[0033] The disclosure herein relates to a non-transitory computer-readable medium for providing electric power. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable medium stores instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to determine a load condition at an output port of an alternator. The alternator may be configured to generate a voltage at the output port based on the speed of an engine coupled to the alternator. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable medium stores instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to generate a control signal based on the load condition, the control signal causing the engine to change the speed of the engine to adjust the frequency or phase of the voltage.

[0034] In one aspect, the non-transitory computer readable medium further stores instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to detect a magnitude of a voltage. In one aspect, the non-transitory computer readable medium further stores instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to detect a current through an output port. In one aspect, the non-transitory computer readable medium further stores instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to determine a load condition based on the magnitude of the voltage and the current.

[0035] In one aspect, the load condition includes an impedance at the output port. In one aspect, the non-transitory computer readable medium further stores instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to determine an electrical load demand based on a target magnitude of the voltage and a function of the impedance. In one aspect, the non-transitory computer readable medium further stores instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to generate another control signal based on the electrical load demand, the other control signal causing the alternator to change the magnitude of the voltage. In one aspect, the non-transitory computer readable medium further stores instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to determine an adjusted electrical load demand based on the electrical load demand and the phase offset.

[0036] In one aspect, the non-transitory computer readable medium further stores instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to determine a mechanical power demand corresponding to the regulated electrical load demand. In one aspect, the non-transitory computer readable medium further stores instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to determine an amount of fuel to be provided to the engine based on the mechanical power demand. In one aspect, the non-transitory computer readable medium further stores instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to generate a control signal indicative of the amount of fuel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The details of one or more embodiments are described in the accompanying drawings and the following description. Other features, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the specification, drawings and claims, in which:

[0039] Figure 1 is a block diagram of an example generator set;

[0040] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Detailed block diagram of the example generator set in;

[0041] Figure 3 A method of providing power based on load conditions is shown;

[0042] Figure 4 A method of controlling an engine to adjust the frequency and phase of voltage based on load conditions is shown;

[0043] Figure 5 A method of controlling an alternator to adjust the magnitude of voltage based on load conditions is shown;

[0044] Figure 6 showing a graph illustrating power provided by a generator set in response to changes in load conditions; and

[0045] Figure 7 A graph showing engine speed of a generator set in response to changes in load conditions is shown.

[0046] It will be appreciated that for illustrative purposes, some or all of the drawings are schematic representations. The drawings are provided for the purpose of illustrating one or more embodiments, with the express understanding that these drawings will not be used to limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

[0047] Detailed Description

[0048] Overview

[0049] The following is a more detailed description of various concepts related to methods and devices for providing power and implementations of the methods and devices. The various concepts introduced above and discussed in more detail below can be implemented in any of a variety of ways, as the concepts described are not limited to any particular implementation. Examples of specific implementations and applications are provided primarily for illustrative purposes.

[0050] The disclosure herein relates to a generator set that adaptively provides power based on load conditions. In one aspect, the generator set includes an engine and an AC generator connected to the engine. In one aspect, the AC generator is configured to generate a voltage at an output port based on the speed of the engine. In one aspect, the generator set includes a controller connected to the engine and the AC generator. In one aspect, the controller is configured to determine the load condition at the output port of the AC generator. In one aspect, the controller is configured to generate a control signal based on the load condition, the control signal causing the engine to change the speed to adjust the frequency and / or phase of the voltage. Examples of load conditions include impedance at the output port, phase shift between the voltage and current at the output port, and the like. In one aspect, the controller is configured to generate another control signal based on the load condition, the other control signal causing the AC generator to change the amplitude of the voltage.

[0051] Advantageously, the generator set disclosed herein can provide power in a rapid and reliable manner in response to changes in load conditions. In one embodiment, the generator set can adjust or control the voltage to have a target amplitude (or voltage set point) and have a frequency and / or phase corresponding to the speed (or speed set point) of the engine. However, adjusting or controlling the voltage based on the voltage set point and the speed set point may be slow and may not meet standards such as ISO 8528-5. In one aspect, the generator set disclosed herein can detect or determine the load condition at the output of the generator set, and adjust or control the voltage according to the detected or determined load condition. For example, the generator set can determine the speed of the engine to compensate for the change of the determined load condition, and cause the engine to run or operate at the determined speed to achieve the target frequency and / or target phase of the voltage. For example, the generator set can determine the electromotive force of the alternator to compensate for the change of the determined load condition, and cause the alternator to run or operate according to the electromotive force to achieve the target amplitude of the voltage. Therefore, the generator set disclosed herein can respond quickly to changes in load conditions.

[0052] Figure 1 1 is a block diagram of an example system, device, or generator set 100. In some embodiments, the generator set 100 includes an engine 110, an engine controller 115, a shaft 112, an alternator 120, an alternator controller 125, a voltage sensor 160, a current sensor 170, and a main controller 150. These components can operate together to generate alternating current (AC) power and provide the AC power to a load. In some embodiments, the generator set 100 includes more than Figure 1 In some embodiments, the main controller 150, the engine controller 115, and the alternator controller 125 are implemented as logic circuits or application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). In some embodiments, the main controller 150, the engine controller 115, and the alternator controller 125 are implemented by a processor and a non-transitory computer readable medium that stores instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform or implement the various functions of the main controller 150, the engine controller 115, and the alternator controller 125 described herein. In some embodiments, the components of the generator set 100 may be implemented in a manner similar to Figure 1 For example, the voltage sensor 160 may be part of the alternator controller 125 or the main controller 150. For example, the current sensor 170 may be part of the main controller 150. For example, the engine controller 115, the alternator controller 125, the main controller 150, or any combination thereof may be implemented as a single component.

[0053] In some embodiments, the engine 110 is a machine or mechanical component that generates mechanical energy or mechanical force. In one configuration, the engine 110 is coupled to an engine controller 115 and is coupled to an AC generator 120 via a shaft 112. In some embodiments, the engine controller 115 is a component that controls the engine 110. In some embodiments, the shaft 112 is a mechanical component that rotates according to the mechanical force generated by the engine 110. In one configuration, the engine controller 115 is coupled to a main controller 150 via a communication link 118, and receives a control signal from the main controller 150 via the communication link 118. According to the control signal, the engine controller 115 can provide fuel to the engine 110 or cause the engine 110 to inhale fuel. Based on the combustion of the inhaled fuel, the engine 110 can generate mechanical force to rotate the shaft 112. The engine 110 can cause the shaft 112 to rotate or turn at a speed corresponding to the amount of fuel.

[0054] In some embodiments, the alternator 120 is a component that converts mechanical energy or mechanical force into electrical energy. In one configuration, the alternator 120 is coupled to the engine 110 via the shaft 112. In one configuration, the alternator 120 is coupled to the alternator controller 125. In some embodiments, the alternator controller 125 is a component that controls the alternator 120. In one configuration, the alternator controller 125 is coupled to the main controller 150 via the communication link 128 to receive a control signal from the main controller 150 via the communication link 128, the control signal indicating the target amplitude (or voltage set point) of the AC voltage 130 or the amount of electromotive force corresponding to the target amplitude. In one configuration, the alternator controller 125 is coupled to the voltage sensor 160 via the communication link 165 (e.g., a conductive rail or wire) to receive a sensor signal indicating the amplitude of the AC voltage 130 from the voltage sensor 160 via the communication link 165. Based on the control signal and the sensor signal, the alternator controller 125 can control or determine the amount of electromotive force of the alternator 120. The alternator controller 125 may provide the amount of electromotive force indicated by another control signal to the alternator 120 to adjust the amplitude of the AC voltage 130 based on the load condition so that the amplitude of the AC voltage 130 may approach the target amplitude. According to the rotation speed of the shaft 112 and the amount of electromotive force, the alternator 120 may generate the AC voltage 130 at the output port 180 of the alternator 120. For example, the phase or frequency of the AC voltage 130 may correspond to the rotation speed of the shaft 112. For example, the amplitude of the AC voltage 130 may correspond to the amount of electromotive force.

[0055] In some embodiments, the voltage sensor 160 is a circuit or component that detects the AC voltage 130 at the output port 180 of the alternator 120. In one configuration, the voltage sensor 160 is coupled to the output port 180 of the alternator 120 to receive or detect the AC voltage 130. In one configuration, the voltage sensor 160 is coupled to the alternator controller 125 and the main controller 150 via a communication link 165 to send or provide a sensor signal indicative of the detected AC voltage 130. In some embodiments, the voltage sensor 160 is implemented as part of the alternator controller 125 or the main controller 150.

[0056] In some embodiments, the current sensor 170 is a circuit or component that detects current through the output port 180 of the alternator 120. In one configuration, the current sensor 170 is coupled to the output port 180 of the alternator 120 to receive or detect the current through the output port 180 of the alternator 120. In one configuration, the current sensor 170 is coupled to the main controller 150 via a communication link 175 (e.g., a conductive rail or wire) to provide a sensor signal indicative of the detected current. In some embodiments, the current sensor 170 is implemented as part of the main controller 150.

[0057] In some embodiments, the master controller 150 is a component that configures or controls the engine controller 115 and the alternator controller 125. In one configuration, the master controller 150 is coupled to the engine controller 115 via the communication link 118. In one configuration, the master controller 150 is coupled to the alternator controller 125 via the communication link 128. In this configuration, the master controller 150 may send or provide a signal to the engine controller 115 indicating a target engine speed (or speed set point) corresponding to the frequency and / or phase of the AC voltage 130. Additionally, the master controller 150 may send or provide a signal to the alternator controller 125 indicating a target amplitude (or voltage set point) of the AC voltage 130.

[0058] In some embodiments, the main controller 150 configures or controls the engine controller 115 and the alternator controller 125 according to load conditions. Examples of load conditions include impedance at the output port 180, phase offset between the AC voltage 130 and the current, etc. In one configuration, the main controller 150 is coupled to the voltage sensor 160 to receive a sensor signal indicating the detected AC voltage 130 through the communication link 165. In one configuration, the main controller 150 is coupled to the current sensor 170 to receive a sensor signal indicating the detected current through the communication link 175. In this configuration, the main controller 150 can determine the load condition based on the detected AC voltage 130 and the detected current indicated by the sensor signal. For example, the main controller 150 can divide the detected AC voltage 130 by the current to determine the impedance at the output port 180. For example, the main controller 150 can compare the time difference between the peak of the voltage and the peak of the current to determine the phase offset. Based on the determined load condition, the main controller 150 can generate one or more control signals to configure or control the engine controller 115 and the alternator controller 125 to compensate for changes in the load condition. For example, the main controller 150 may send or provide a control signal indicating the amount of fuel to set or control the speed of the engine 110 corresponding to the frequency and / or phase of the AC voltage 130. Additionally or alternatively, the main controller 150 may send or provide a control signal indicating the amount of electromotive force to set or control the electromotive force of the alternator 120 corresponding to the amplitude of the AC voltage 130. Figure 2-Figure 7 A detailed description is provided regarding the implementation and operation of the main controller 150 .

[0059] Advantageously, the generator set 100 disclosed herein can provide power (or AC voltage 130) in a prompt and reliable manner in response to changes in load conditions. Regulating or controlling the AC voltage 130 based on a voltage set point and a speed set point may be slow and may not comply with standards such as ISO 8528-5. In one aspect, the generator set 100 can detect or determine the load condition at the output port 180 of the alternator 120, and regulate or control the AC voltage 130 according to the detected or determined load condition. For example, the generator set 100 can determine the speed of the engine 110 to compensate for the determined change in the load condition, and cause the engine 110 to run or operate at the determined speed to achieve a target frequency and / or target phase of the AC voltage 130. For example, the generator set 100 can determine the electromotive force of the alternator 120 to compensate for the determined change in the load condition, and cause the alternator 120 to run or operate according to the determined electromotive force to achieve a target amplitude of the AC voltage 130. Therefore, the generator set 100 disclosed herein can respond quickly to changes in load conditions.

[0060] Figure 2 is a detailed block diagram of an example generator set 100. In some embodiments, in addition to the above description of Figure 1 In addition to the engine 110, engine controller 115, shaft 112, AC generator 120, voltage sensor 160 and current sensor 170, the generator set 100 also includes a fuel compensator 280, a mechanical load demand controller 250, an AC generator compensator 240, an electric load demand controller 230, a multiplier 232 and a load condition detector 210. In some embodiments, some of these components are implemented as logic circuits or ASICs. In some embodiments, some of these components are implemented as a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by the processor. In some embodiments, the fuel compensator 280, the mechanical load demand controller 250, the AC generator compensator 240, the electric load demand controller 230 and the load condition detector 210 are implemented as a main controller 150. In some embodiments, the mechanical load demand controller 250 and the fuel compensator 280 are implemented as part of the engine controller 115. In some embodiments, the AC generator compensator 240, the electric load demand controller 230 and the load condition detector 210 are implemented as part of the AC generator controller 125. In some embodiments, the generator set 100 includes more Figure 2 In some embodiments, the components of the generator set 100 may be arranged in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. Figure 2 The different configurations shown are arranged.

[0061] In some embodiments, the load condition detector 210 is a component that determines a load condition based on the value of the AC voltage 130 detected by the voltage sensor 160 and the current value detected by the current sensor 170. The load condition detector 210 may divide the detected value of the AC voltage 130 by the current value to determine the impedance 215 at the output port 180. The load condition detector 210 may provide the value of the impedance 215 to the electrical load demand controller 230. The load condition detector 210 may compare the time difference between the peak value of the AC voltage 130 and the peak value of the current to determine the phase offset between the AC voltage 130 and the current. According to the phase shift The load condition detector 210 can determine the power factor 208. For example, the load condition detector 210 can determine the power factor 208 based on the function The power factor 208 is determined. The load condition detector 210 may provide the power factor 208 to the multiplier 232.

[0062] In some embodiments, the electrical load demand controller 230 is a component that determines the electrical load demand 235 based on the voltage set point 205 and the value of the impedance 215. The electrical load demand controller 230 may be based on the function (Ur ) 2 / |Z|Determine the electrical load demand 235, where U r is the voltage set point 205 and |Z| is the magnitude of the impedance 215 . In one aspect, the electrical load demand controller 230 provides the determined electrical load demand 235 to the multiplier 232 and the alternator compensator 240 .

[0063] In some embodiments, the alternator compensator 240 is a component that determines the electromotive force compensation to compensate for changes in load conditions. The alternator compensator 240 may be based on the function U r / |Z| determines the target current I corresponding to the change in load conditions. The alternator compensator 240 can divide the electrical load demand 235 by U r To determine or obtain the value of the target current I. According to the value of the target current I, the AC generator compensator 240 can be configured according to the function U r +I*R+j*I*Xs determines the EMF compensation, where R is the real part of the inherent impedance of the alternator 120 and X is the imaginary part of the inherent impedance of the alternator 120. In one aspect, the alternator compensator 240 generates a control signal 248 indicative of the determined EMF compensation and provides the control signal 248 indicative of the determined EMF compensation to the alternator controller 125.

[0064] In some embodiments, multiplier 232 is a component that determines adjusted electrical load demand 245. In one aspect, the phase shift of the impedance at output port 180 is determined based on the phase shift of the impedance at output port 180. The multiplier 232 can adjust the electrical load demand 235 by multiplying the electrical load demand 235 by the power factor 208 or To determine the adjusted electrical load demand 245 . In one aspect, the multiplier 232 provides the adjusted electrical load demand 245 to the mechanical load demand controller 250 .

[0065] In some embodiments, the mechanical load demand controller 250 is a component that determines a mechanical power demand 255 corresponding to the adjusted electrical load demand 245. In one approach, the mechanical load demand controller 250 determines the efficiency η of the engine 110 based on the adjusted electrical load demand 245. The mechanical load demand controller 250 may implement a lookup table that stores different power efficiency values ​​η for corresponding adjusted electrical load demand values. The mechanical load demand controller 250 may apply the adjusted electrical load demand 245 to the lookup table to determine the corresponding power efficiency value η. In one approach, the mechanical load demand controller 250 determines the efficiency η of the engine 110 based on the function P m = P2 / η determines the mechanical power requirement 255, where P mis the mechanical power demand 255 and P2 is the power corresponding to the adjusted electrical load demand 245 . In one aspect, the mechanical load demand controller 250 provides the mechanical power demand 255 to the fuel compensator 280 .

[0066] In some embodiments, fuel compensator 280 is a component that determines fuel compensation to compensate for changes in load conditions. Fuel compensator 280 can determine a torque demand T corresponding to mechanical power demand 255. In one approach, fuel compensator 280 determines a torque demand T corresponding to mechanical power demand 255 according to the function T=P m *α determines the torque demand T, where α is a coefficient. The fuel compensator 280 can determine the fuel compensation corresponding to the torque demand T. For example, the fuel compensator 280 implements a lookup table that stores different fuel compensator values ​​for corresponding torque demand values. The fuel compensator 280 can apply the torque value to the lookup table to determine the corresponding fuel compensator value. In one aspect, the fuel compensator 280 generates a control signal 288 indicating the fuel compensation and provides the control signal 288 to the engine controller 115.

[0067] In some embodiments, the engine controller 115 includes an engine speed controller 260, a fuel controller 270, an engine interface 278, a differentiator 272, an engine speed detector 290, and a subtractor 264. These components can operate together to control the engine 110 according to the speed set point 202 and the fuel offset. In some embodiments, some of these components are implemented as logic circuits or ASICs. In some embodiments, some of these components are implemented as a processor and a non-transitory computer readable medium that stores instructions that can be executed by the processor to perform the functions of the engine controller 115 described herein. In some embodiments, the engine controller 115 includes more Figure 2 In some embodiments, the components of the engine controller 115 may be configured in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. Figure 2 The different configurations shown are arranged.

[0068] In some embodiments, engine speed detector 290 is a component that detects the rotational speed of engine 110 and generates a speed value 294 indicative of the detected speed. In one aspect, engine speed detector 290 provides detected speed value 294 to subtractor 264 and differentiator 272.

[0069] In some embodiments, subtractor 264 is a component that determines or generates error value 262. Subtractor 264 can determine the difference between speed set point 202 (or target speed of engine 110) and detected speed value 294 and provide the difference as error value 262. In one aspect, subtractor 264 provides error value 262 to engine speed controller 260.

[0070] In some embodiments, the engine speed controller 260 is a component that determines a differential speed 266 to control the engine 110. In one approach, the engine speed controller 260 receives the speed set point 202 (or the target speed of the engine 110) and the error value 262. The engine speed controller 260 can determine or generate the differential speed 266 based on the speed set point 202 and the error value 262. In one aspect, the differential speed 266 corresponds to a target acceleration or target torque value. In one approach, the engine speed controller 260 generates the differential speed 266 to bring the speed of the engine 110 close to the speed set point 202 or to bring the error value 262 close to zero.

[0071] In some embodiments, the differentiator 272 is a component that obtains the derivative 286 of the speed value 294. In some embodiments, the differentiator 272 is implemented as or includes one or more registers. In one aspect, the differentiator 272 can delay the speed value 294 by one or more clock cycles to obtain the derivative 286 of the speed value 294. In one aspect, the derivative 286 of the speed value 294 corresponds to the detected acceleration or the detected torque value.

[0072] In some embodiments, the fuel controller 270 is a component that determines the amount of fuel to be provided to the engine 110. In one approach, the fuel controller 270 receives the differential speed 266 and the derivative 286 of the speed value 294. The fuel controller 270 can determine the amount of fuel based on the differential speed 266 and the derivative 286 of the speed value 294. In one approach, the fuel controller 270 determines the amount of fuel so that the differential speed 266 and the derivative 286 of the speed value 294 are close to each other. In some embodiments, the fuel controller 270 generates a signal 276 indicating the determined amount of fuel and provides the signal 276 to the engine interface 278.

[0073] In some embodiments, the engine interface 278 is a component that provides fuel 282 to the engine 110 or causes the engine 110 to inhale fuel 282 based on the signal 276 indicating the determined amount of fuel and the control signal 288 indicating the fuel offset. The engine interface 278 can adjust the amount of fuel indicated by the signal 276 based on the fuel offset indicated by the control signal 288 to compensate for changes in load conditions. In one approach, the engine interface 278 determines the adjusted amount of fuel as the sum of the determined amount of fuel indicated by the signal 276 and the fuel offset indicated by the control signal 288. The engine interface 278 can provide the engine 110 with an adjusted amount of fuel 282 or cause the engine 110 to inhale an adjusted amount of fuel 282. In some embodiments, the engine interface 278 can be implemented as part of the engine 110.

[0074] In some embodiments, the alternator controller 125 includes an amplitude controller 220, an alternator interface 228, and a subtractor 224. These components can operate together to control the alternator 120 according to the voltage set point 205 and the electromotive force compensation indicated by the control signal 248. In some embodiments, some of these components are implemented as logic circuits or ASICs. In some embodiments, some of these components are implemented as a processor and a non-transitory computer readable medium that stores instructions executable by the processor to perform the functions of the alternator controller 125 described herein. In some embodiments, the alternator controller 125 includes a voltage set point 205 and an ... Figure 2 In some embodiments, the components of the alternator controller 125 may be configured in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. Figure 2 The different configurations shown are arranged.

[0075] In some embodiments, subtractor 224 is a component that determines or generates error value 222. Subtractor 224 can determine the difference between voltage set point 205 and the detected amplitude of AC voltage 130 and provide the difference as error value 222. In one aspect, subtractor 224 provides error value 222 to amplitude controller 220.

[0076] In some embodiments, the amplitude controller 220 is a component that determines the electromotive force to control the alternator 120. In one method, the amplitude controller 220 receives the voltage set point 205 and the error value 222. The amplitude controller 220 can determine the electromotive force based on the voltage set point 205 and the error value 222 so that the amplitude of the AC voltage 130 can be close to the voltage set point 205 or the error value 222 can be close to zero. In one method, the amplitude controller 220 adjusts the pulse width of the pulse to generate a signal 226 (or excitation current) corresponding to the determined electromotive force, and provides the signal 226 (or excitation current) to the alternator interface 228.

[0077] In some embodiments, the alternator interface 228 is a component that adds or combines the electromotive force indicated by the signal 226 with the electromotive force compensation indicated by the control signal 248 to obtain the regulated electromotive force 242. The alternator interface 228 can adjust the electromotive force according to the electromotive force compensation to compensate for changes in load conditions. In one method, the alternator interface 228 determines the regulated electromotive force 242 as the sum of the electromotive force indicated by the signal 226 and the electromotive force compensation indicated by the control signal 248. The alternator interface 228 can provide the regulated electromotive force 242 to the alternator 120 or cause the alternator 120 to generate the AC voltage 130 according to the regulated electromotive force 242 to set or control the amplitude of the AC voltage 130. In some embodiments, the alternator interface 228 can be implemented as a coil through which the signal 226 and the control signal 248 can be injected, wherein the alternator 120 can generate an AC voltage 130 having an amplitude corresponding to the sum of the injected signal 226 and the control signal 248. In some embodiments, the alternator interface 228 may be implemented as part of the alternator 120 .

[0078] The alternator 120 may generate the AC voltage 130 according to the regulated electromotive force 242 and the rotational speed of the shaft 112. For example, the alternator 120 may generate the AC voltage 130 having an amplitude corresponding to the regulated electromotive force 242. For example, the alternator 120 may generate the AC voltage 130 having a frequency and / or phase corresponding to the rotational speed of the shaft 112.

[0079] Advantageously, the generator set 100 disclosed herein can provide power (or AC voltage 130) in a prompt and reliable manner in response to changes in load conditions. Regulating or controlling the AC voltage 130 based on the voltage set point 205 and the speed set point 202 may be slow and may not comply with standards such as ISO 8528-5. In one aspect, the generator set 100 can detect or determine the load condition at the output port 180 of the alternator 120, and regulate or control the AC voltage 130 according to the detected or determined load condition. For example, the mechanical load demand controller 250 and the fuel compensator 280 can operate together to determine the speed of the engine 110 to compensate for the determined change in load conditions, and run or operate the engine 110 at the determined speed to achieve a target frequency and / or target phase of the AC voltage 130. For example, the load condition detector 210, the electric load demand controller 230, and the alternator compensator 240 may operate together to determine the electromotive force of the alternator 120 to compensate for the determined change in the load condition, and cause the alternator 120 to operate or operate according to the determined electromotive force to achieve the target amplitude of the AC voltage 130. Therefore, the generator set 100 disclosed herein may respond quickly to changes in load conditions.

[0080] Figure 3 A method 300 for providing power based on load conditions is shown. In some embodiments, the method 300 is performed by the generator set 100. In some embodiments, the method 300 can be performed by any device or apparatus that provides AC voltage. In some embodiments, the method 300 includes: Figure 3 More, fewer or different steps may be shown.

[0081] In one approach, the generator set 100 determines 310 a load condition at an output port 180 of the alternator 120. Examples of load conditions include impedance at the output port 180, a phase offset between a voltage and a current at the output port 180, and the like. In one approach, the generator set 100 may receive or obtain a sensor signal indicating a detected AC voltage 130 at the output port 180 and a sensor signal indicating a detected current through the output port 180. The generator set 100 may determine the load condition based on the detected AC voltage 130 and the detected current indicated by the sensor signals. For example, the generator set 100 may divide the value of the detected AC voltage 130 by the current value to determine a value of the impedance at the output port 180. For example, the generator set 100 may compare the time difference between the peak of the AC voltage 130 and the peak of the current to determine the phase offset.

[0082] In one approach, the generator set 100 controls 320 the speed of the engine 110 based on the load conditions to adjust the frequency and phase of the AC voltage 130. For example, the generator set 100 may determine the speed of the engine 110 to compensate for the determined changes in the load conditions and cause the engine 110 to run or operate at the determined speed to achieve a target frequency and / or target phase of the AC voltage 130. Figure 4 An example process for determining or controlling the speed of the engine 110 is provided.

[0083] In one approach, the generator set 100 controls 330 the electromotive force based on the load condition to control the magnitude of the AC voltage 130. For example, the generator set 100 may determine the electromotive force of the alternator 120 to compensate for the determined change in the load condition and operate the alternator 120 according to the electromotive force to achieve the target magnitude of the AC voltage 130. Figure 5 An example procedure for determining or controlling electromotive force is provided.

[0084] In one approach, the generator set 100 generates 340 the AC voltage 130 through the alternator 120 based on the speed and the electromotive force of the engine 110. For example, the alternator 120 can generate the AC voltage 130 with a phase or frequency corresponding to the rotational speed of the shaft 112. For example, the alternator 120 can generate the AC voltage 130 with a magnitude corresponding to the amount of the electromotive force.

[0085] Figure 4 A method 320 is shown for controlling the engine to adjust the frequency and phase of the voltage based on load conditions. In some embodiments, the method 320 is performed by the generator set 100. In some embodiments, the method 320 can be performed by any device or apparatus that provides AC voltage. In some embodiments, the method 320 includes: Figure 4 More, fewer or different steps may be shown.

[0086] In one approach, the generator set 100 obtains 410 a load impedance and a phase offset. For example, as described in step 310, the load condition detector 210 may determine or obtain a value of the load impedance and a value of the phase offset.

[0087] In one approach, the generator set 100 determines 420 an electrical load demand based on the load impedance and the impedance angle. For example, the electrical load demand controller 230 may determine 420 an electrical load demand based on the function (U r ) 2 / |Z|Determine the electrical load demand 235, where U r is the voltage set point 205 , and |Z| is the magnitude of the impedance 215 . The multiplier 232 may determine the adjusted electrical load demand 245 by multiplying the electrical load demand 235 by the power factor 208 .

[0088] In one approach, the generator set 100 determines 430 a mechanical power demand based on the electrical load demand. For example, the mechanical load demand controller 250 determines the efficiency η of the engine 110 based on the adjusted electrical load demand 245. The mechanical load demand controller 250 may apply the adjusted electrical load demand 245 to a lookup table to determine a corresponding power efficiency value η. In one approach, the mechanical load demand controller 250 determines 430 a mechanical power demand based on the function P m = P2 / η determines the mechanical power requirement 255, where P m is the mechanical power demand 255 and P2 is the power corresponding to the regulated electrical load demand 245 .

[0089] In one approach, the genset 100 determines 440 a fuel refueling compensation based on the mechanical power demand. For example, the fuel compensator 280 may determine a torque demand T corresponding to the mechanical power demand 255. In one approach, the fuel compensator 28 ... function T=P m *α determines the torque demand T, where α is a coefficient. The fuel compensator 280 can determine the fuel compensation corresponding to the torque demand T. In one approach, the fuel compensator 280 can apply the torque demand value to a lookup table to determine the corresponding fuel compensator value. In one approach, the fuel compensator 280 can determine the fuel compensation based on the torque demand T.

[0090] In one approach, the genset 100 generates 450 a first control signal indicative of a fuel refueling offset. For example, the fuel compensator 280 generates a control signal 288 indicative of a fuel offset.

[0091] In one approach, the generator set 100 controls 460 the engine controller 115 based on the first control signal. For example, the engine controller 115 can adjust or modify the amount of fuel provided to the engine 110 determined based on the speed set point 202 based on the control signal 288 indicating the fuel offset. Thus, the speed of the engine 110 can be controlled in a rapid manner in response to changes in load conditions.

[0092] Figure 5 A method 330 of controlling the alternator 120 to adjust the magnitude of the AC voltage 130 based on load conditions is shown. In some embodiments, the method 330 is performed by the generator set 100. In some embodiments, the method 330 can be performed by any device or apparatus that provides the AC voltage 130. In some embodiments, the method 330 includes: Figure 5 More, fewer or different steps may be shown.

[0093] In one approach, the generator set 100 obtains 510 a load impedance. For example, as described in step 310, the load condition detector 210 may determine a value of the load impedance.

[0094] In one approach, the generator set 100 determines 520 a target current corresponding to a target voltage magnitude and a load impedance. For example, the alternator compensator 240 may be configured to generate a voltage corresponding to a target voltage magnitude and a load impedance. r / |Z| determines the target current I corresponding to the change in load conditions.

[0095] In one approach, the generator set 100 determines 530 the alternator compensation to achieve the target current. For example, based on the target current I, the alternator compensator 240 can be based on the function U r +I*R+j*I*Xs determines the electromotive force compensation, where R is the real part of the inherent impedance of the alternator 120 and X is the imaginary part of the inherent impedance of the alternator 120.

[0096] In one approach, the generator set 100 generates 540 a second control signal indicative of alternator compensation. For example, the alternator compensator 240 generates a control signal 248 indicative of the determined electromotive force compensation.

[0097] In one approach, the generator set 100 controls 550 the alternator 120 based on the second control signal. For example, the alternator controller 125 can adjust or modify the amount of electromotive force of the alternator 120 determined based on the voltage set point 205 based on the control signal 248 indicating electromotive force compensation. Thus, the magnitude of the AC voltage 130 can be controlled in a rapid manner in response to changes in load conditions.

[0098] Figure 6A graph 600 showing power provided in response to a change in load conditions is shown. Graph 600 shows a graph 610 of power provided by the genset 100 without detecting a change in load conditions. In one aspect, graph 610 represents power provided by the genset 100 according to the set points 202, 205 when the load condition detector 210, the electrical load demand controller 230, the alternator compensator 240, the multiplier 232, the mechanical load demand controller 250, and the fuel compensator 280 are omitted or disabled. Graph 600 also shows a graph 620 of power provided by the genset 100 by detecting a change in load conditions and compensating for the change in load conditions by generating control signals 248, 288. In one aspect, curve 620 represents the power provided by the generator set 100 according to the set points 202, 205 and the control signals 248, 288 when the load condition detector 210, the electrical load demand controller 230, the alternator compensator 240, the multiplier 232, the mechanical load demand controller 250, and the fuel compensator 280 are enabled. By generating the control signals 248, 288 to control the engine 110 and the alternator 120 based on the detected load conditions, the power or AC voltage 130 provided by the generator set 100 can quickly (e.g., within 1 second) reach a steady state, as shown by curve 620.

[0099] Figure 7 A graph 700 is shown that illustrates changes in engine speed in response to changes in load conditions. Graph 700 illustrates a graph 710 of engine speed when the genset 100 provides power without detecting a change in load condition. In one aspect, graph 710 represents the engine speed when the genset 100 provides power according to the set points 202, 205 when the load condition detector 210, the electrical load demand controller 230, the alternator compensator 240, the multiplier 232, the mechanical load demand controller 250, and the fuel compensator 280 are omitted or disabled. Graph 700 also illustrates a graph 720 of engine speed when the genset 100 provides power by detecting a change in load condition and by generating a control signal to compensate for the change in load condition. In one aspect, curve 720 represents the engine speed when the generator set 100 provides power according to the set points 202, 205 and the control signals 248, 288 when the load condition detector 210, the electrical load demand controller 230, the alternator compensator 240, the multiplier 232, the mechanical load demand controller 250, and the fuel compensator 280 are enabled. By generating the control signals 248, 288 to control the engine 110 and the alternator 120 based on the detected load conditions, the engine speed can quickly (e.g., within 1 second) reach a steady state, as shown by curve 720.

[0100] Configuration of the Example Embodiment

[0101] Although this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be interpreted as limitations on the scope of the content that can be claimed, but should be interpreted as descriptions of features that are unique to specific implementations. Certain features described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. On the contrary, the various features described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple implementations. Moreover, although features can be described as working in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from the claimed combination can be deleted from the combination in some cases, and the claimed combination can involve a sub-combination or a deformation of the sub-combination.

[0102] As utilized herein, the terms "substantially," "approximately," and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning consistent with common and accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of the present disclosure belongs. Those skilled in the art who review the present disclosure should understand that these terms are intended to allow description of certain features described and claimed without limiting the scope of these features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Therefore, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequential modifications or alterations to the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the present invention as described in the appended claims.

[0103] As used herein, the term "coupled" and similar terms mean the joining of two components directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be fixed (e.g., permanent) or movable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such joining may be achieved by the two components, or the two components and any additional intermediate components, being integrally formed as a single unitary body with one another, or by the two components, or the two components and any additional intermediate components, being attached to one another.

[0104] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the systems shown in the various exemplary embodiments are illustrative and non-restrictive in nature. All changes and modifications within the spirit and / or scope of the described embodiments need to be protected. It should be understood that some features may not be necessary, and embodiments lacking various features may be considered to be within the scope of the present application, which is defined by the appended claims. When the language "a portion" is used, the item may include a portion and / or the entire item unless explicitly stated to the contrary.

Claims

1. A controller for controlling a generator set to provide a voltage at an output port based on a load condition, the controller comprising: One or more processors, the one or more processors configured to: determining the load conditions at the output port of the alternator coupled to the engine, and A control signal is generated based on the load condition, the control signal causing the motor to vary a speed of the motor to adjust a frequency or a phase of the voltage.

2. The controller according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more processors are configured to: detecting the amplitude of the voltage, sensing the current through the output port, and The load condition is determined based on the magnitude of the voltage and the current.

3. The controller according to claim 2, wherein: The load condition comprises an impedance at the output port, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: An electrical load demand is determined based on a function of the target magnitude of the voltage and the impedance.

4. The controller according to claim 3, wherein: The one or more processors are configured to generate another control signal based on the electrical load demand, the other control signal causing the alternator to change the magnitude of the voltage.

5. The controller according to claim 3, wherein: The load condition further includes a phase shift between the voltage and the current, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: An adjusted electrical load demand is determined based on the electrical load demand and the phase offset.

6. The controller according to claim 5, wherein: The one or more processors are configured to: determining a mechanical power demand corresponding to the regulated electrical load demand, determining an amount of fuel to be provided to the engine based on the mechanical power demand, and The control signal is generated that is indicative of the amount of the fuel.

7. A method of controlling a generator set comprising a controller, an alternator and an engine based on a load condition at an output port of an alternator, the method comprising: determining, by the controller, the load condition at the output port of the alternator based on a speed of the engine coupled to the alternator, the alternator being configured to generate a voltage at the output port; as well as A control signal is generated by the controller to adjust the magnitude of the voltage at the output port based on the load condition.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: The load condition includes an impedance at the output port, wherein the control signal is generated by the controller based on the impedance.

9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising: The value of the voltage is divided by the value of the current through the output port by the controller to determine the impedance at the output port.

10. The method according to claim 8, further comprising: An electrical load demand is determined by the controller based on the impedance, wherein the control signal is generated by the controller based on the electrical load demand.

11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising: Another control signal is generated by the controller based on the electrical load demand to adjust the speed of the engine.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: The controller provides the control signal to an AC generator controller, and the AC generator controller adjusts the electromotive force provided to the AC generator according to the control signal to adjust the amplitude of the voltage at the output port.

13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising: The further control signal is provided by the controller to an engine controller, which adjusts the amount of fuel provided to the engine to adjust the speed of the engine based on the further control signal.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein: Generating, by the controller, the other control signal based on the electrical load demand comprises: determining, by the controller, a mechanical power demand corresponding to the electrical load demand; and The further control signal is generated by the controller based on the determined mechanical power requirement.

15. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method according to any one of claims 7-14.

16. A generator set for providing a voltage at an output port based on a load condition, the generator set comprising: engine; an alternator coupled to the engine, the alternator configured to generate the voltage at the output port based on a speed of the engine; and a controller coupled to the engine and the alternator, the controller being configured to: Determine the impedance at the output port, generating a first control signal based on the impedance, the first control signal causing the motor to change speed to adjust the frequency or phase of the voltage, and A second control signal is generated based on the impedance, the second control signal causing the alternator to vary the magnitude of the voltage.

17. The generator set according to claim 16, wherein: The controller is configured to generate the first control signal indicative of an amount of fuel to be supplied to the engine based on the impedance.

18. The generator set according to claim 17, further comprising: an engine controller coupled to the engine, the engine controller being configured to: receiving the first control signal indicative of the amount of the fuel, and An amount of the fuel indicated by the first control signal is provided to the engine to vary a speed of the engine based on the impedance.

19. The generator set according to claim 16, wherein: The controller is configured to generate the second control signal indicative of an amount of electromotive force of the alternator based on the impedance.

20. The generator set according to claim 19, further comprising: an alternator controller coupled to the alternator, the alternator controller being configured to: receiving the second control signal indicative of the amount of electromotive force of the alternator, and The amount of the electromotive force indicated by the second control signal is provided to the alternator to change the magnitude of the voltage based on the load condition.

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