Rhizome crop harvester

Abstract

The invention discloses a root-tuber crop harvester which comprises a bearing device, a ditching device, a digging device, a soil cleaning device and a collecting device and further comprises a power device, and the ditching device, the digging device, the soil cleaning device and the collecting device are sequentially connected. The ditching device is arranged at the foremost end of the root-tuber crop harvester and used for ditching between rows of root-tuber crops; the digging device which is arranged behind the ditching device and used for digging out the soil of the rhizome crops comprises a telescopic soil shoveling mechanism; a soil cleaning device arranged behind the digging device is used for cleaning soil on the surfaces of the rhizome crops; the collecting device is used for collecting the rhizome crops treated by the soil cleaning device; when the soil cleaning device operates, the root crops rotate and vibrate. According to the rootstock crop harvester, mechanization of ditching, digging, soil cleaning and collecting in the rootstock crop harvesting process can be integrally completed, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, and the harvesting efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a root crop harvester. Background Art

[0002] Root crops such as yam, sweet potato, potato, etc. are popular among the public as a crop that can be used as both medicine and food.

[0003] Unlike the broad development prospects of root and tuber crop planting, the harvesting of root and tuber crops is still relatively backward, and the mechanization process is very slow. The slow mechanization process has also restricted the development of the root and tuber crop planting industry to a certain extent.

[0004] At present, most of the root crop harvesting work is done manually, which requires high physical strength and harvesting skills. There are also some semi-mechanized harvesting. The so-called root crop harvesting machinery generally only digs trenches between the rows of root crops during harvesting. After digging trenches, manual digging and pulling are still required to be done out of the soil. The use of machinery only reduces the work of manual trenching. The harvesting of root crops cannot achieve mechanized digging, pulling, root-soil separation and collection in one. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present application proposes a root crop harvester that can realize the mechanized integrated completion of trenching, digging, soil clearing and collection in the harvesting of root crops, reduce the intensity of manual labor and improve the harvesting efficiency.

[0006] The root crop harvester of the present application includes a carrying device for carrying the various components of the root crop harvester and supporting the root crop harvester on the ground; and a ditching device, a digging device, a soil cleaning device and a collecting device connected in sequence, and also includes a power device for providing power; the ditching device is arranged at the front end of the root crop harvester, and is used for digging trenches between rows of root crops; the digging device for digging root crops out of the soil arranged after the ditching device includes a retractable shoveling mechanism; the soil cleaning device arranged after the digging device is used to clean the soil on the surface of the root crops; the collecting device is used to collect the root crops treated by the soil cleaning device; the soil cleaning device causes the root crops to rotate and vibrate when in operation.

[0007] The harvester of the technical solution of the present application has the ability of mechanical furrowing, which can replace manual labor to complete this extremely labor-intensive work; it can dig root crops out of the soil, and there is no need for manual labor to follow the machine to pick them up; it can clean the soil attached to the surface of the dug root crops, so that the cleaned root crops can be neatly placed into the collection box; and a retractable shoveling mechanism is provided, which can adjust the depth of the shoveling mechanism inserted into the soil according to the planting depth of different root crops, thereby making the harvester of the present application more adaptable to different root crops.

[0008] Preferably, the soil cleaning device comprises at least two soil cleaning rollers which are arranged at equal intervals, and the soil cleaning rollers rotate eccentrically.

[0009] Preferably, the soil cleaning drum comprises a core shaft rotatably arranged on the bearing device, and a sleeve shaft axially fixedly sleeved on the core shaft, wherein the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve shaft is recessed toward the axial direction to form a plurality of soil cleaning grooves, and each generatrix of the soil cleaning grooves is parallel to the axial center line of the core shaft and is radially equidistantly arranged on the sleeve shaft;

[0010] The outer contours of the plurality of soil-clearing grooves are located on the same space cylinder, and the axis of the space cylinder is parallel to the axis of the core shaft and has a spacing therebetween.

[0011] Preferably, the axis center of the sleeve shaft coincides with the axis center of the core shaft, the core shaft is a square shaft, a square center mounting through hole matching the outer shape of the core shaft is arranged at the center of the sleeve shaft, and a clearance fit with a small gap is formed between the square center mounting through hole and the square outer surface of the core shaft;

[0012] The cross-sectional shape of the soil cleaning groove is a semi-elliptical arc, a parabola or a deep V shape.

[0013] Furthermore, the soil cleaning device also includes a brush roller shaft arranged above the soil cleaning device and close to the rear of the collecting device, and brush bodies are densely arranged circumferentially on the brush roller shaft.

[0014] Preferably, the earth-shoveling mechanism comprises a fixed portion fixed to the carrying device and a movable portion movably arranged relative to the fixed portion; and further comprises an earth-shoveling movable mechanism for controlling the linear movement of the movable portion.

[0015] Preferably, the earth-shoveling moving mechanism comprises an earth-shoveling screw, a screw mounting seat fixed to the bearing device and rotatably connected to the earth-shoveling screw; and a nut mounting base threadedly connected to the earth-shoveling screw and fixedly connected to the moving part;

[0016] The earth-shoveling screw is powered and rotated by the power device.

[0017] Preferably, the trenching device comprises a trenching movable mechanism and a trenching mechanism that moves up and down along the trenching movable mechanism.

[0018] In the present application, preferably, the trenching mechanism includes a chain transmission mechanism powered by the motor of the power device, the chain transmission mechanism includes a symmetrically arranged chain saw and a fixedly mounted base assembly, the chain saw is driven by a sprocket, the sprocket is fixedly mounted on a transmission shaft, and the transmission shaft is rotated by the motor of the power device; the trenching movable mechanism includes a bevel gear pair and a trenching lead screw, the trenching lead screw is rotatably arranged on a fixed seat fixedly mounted on a carrying device, the power device provides power to rotate the active bevel gear of the bevel gear pair, the driven bevel gear is fixedly sleeved on the trenching lead screw, and the fixedly mounted base assembly of the chain transmission mechanism is rotatably connected to the trenching lead screw.

[0019] Preferably, the trenching device also includes a front soil discharge device, which is driven by the power device and includes symmetrically arranged front auger conveying components for discharging the accumulated soil to both sides.

[0020] Preferably, the root crop harvester also includes a backfilling device for backfilling the accumulated soil discharged from the furrowing device, wherein the backfilling device is driven by the power device and includes a symmetrically arranged backfilling auger conveying assembly.

[0021] Preferably, the carrying device includes a traction connection, a frame, a chassis and wheels. The power device includes multiple motors, which respectively provide power for the front soil discharge device, the trenching device, the shoveling device, the soil cleaning device and the backfilling device. A guide plate is provided between the soil cleaning device and the collecting device, and a double rocker mechanism is provided on the collecting device for opening and closing the collecting device.

[0022] The harvester according to the technical solution of the present application can dig trenches on the land and dig out the root crops from the soil. The large pieces of soil on the surface of the root crops are shaken off by the transmission and vibration of the soil cleaning drum in the soil cleaning device. The fine soil on the surface of the root crops is finally cleaned off by the brush on the brush roller shaft and transferred and collected into the collection device. The effective and durable soil cleaning device can clean the root crops covered with soil before collecting them, which not only reduces manual soil cleaning and workload, but also avoids the collection box from being loaded with too much soil and increasing the load.

[0023] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the subsequent detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the application. The exemplary embodiments of the application and their descriptions are used to explain the application.

[0025] In the attached picture:

[0026] Figure 1is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a first specific implementation method;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a front view of the soil cleaning device of the first specific embodiment;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a soil cleaning drum according to a first specific embodiment;

[0029] Figure 4 is a top view of the digging device of the first specific embodiment;

[0030] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a first specific embodiment of the digging device;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a front view of a first specific embodiment;

[0032] Figure 7 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a trenching device according to a first specific embodiment;

[0033] Figure 8 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a trenching mechanism according to a first specific embodiment;

[0034] Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a soil cleaning device and a backfilling device according to a first specific embodiment;

[0035] Fig.10 It is a three-dimensional exploded schematic diagram of the first specific implementation method.

[0036] Figure numbers: 1-carrying device; 11-traction connection; 12-frame; 13-chassis; 14-wheel; 2-power device; 3-ditching device; 31-front soil discharge device; 311-front auger conveying assembly; 32-ditching mechanism; 321-chain transmission mechanism; 3211-transmission shaft; 3212-sprocket; 3213-chain saw; 3214-fixed mounting base assembly; 33-moving mechanism for trenching; 331-bevel gear pair; 3311-driving bevel gear; 3312-driven bevel gear Wheel; 332-screw for trenching; 4-digging device; 41-shoveling mechanism; 411-moving mechanism for shoveling; 4111-screw for shoveling; 4112-screw mounting seat; 4113-nut mounting base; 412-fixing part; 413-moving part; 5-soil cleaning device; 51-soil cleaning roller; 511-core shaft; 512-sleeve shaft; 5121-soil cleaning groove; 513-brush roller shaft; 5131-brush body; 6-collecting device; 7-backfilling device; 71-backfilling auger conveying assembly; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation methods of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0038] The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with specific implementation methods.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, according to the first specific embodiment, the root crop harvester includes a carrying device 1 for carrying the various components of the root crop harvester and supporting the root crop harvester on the ground; and a trenching device 3, a digging device 4, a soil cleaning device 5 and a collecting device 6 connected in sequence, and also includes a power device 2 for providing power; the trenching device 3 is arranged at the front end of the root crop harvester, and is used for digging trenches between rows of root crops; the digging device 4 for digging root crops out of the soil arranged after the trenching device 3 includes a retractable shoveling mechanism 41; the soil cleaning device 5 arranged after the digging device 4 is used to clean the soil on the surface of the root crops; the collecting device 6 is used to collect the root crops processed by the soil cleaning device 5; the soil cleaning device 5 causes the root crops to rotate and vibrate during operation.

[0040] In this specific embodiment, the driving force of the prototype comes from tractor traction, and the power transmission of the whole machine is completed by gear transmission and chain transmission. First, the front chain saw 3213 is used to dig trenches in the root crop planting area, and the earth wrapped with the root crops is sent to the soil cleaning device 5 for soil cleaning through the digging shovel and the conveyor belt, and finally falls neatly into the collection device 6 to complete the harvest. In addition, in order to adapt to the planting conditions of different root crops, the moving part 413 of the digging device 4 and the chain transmission mechanism 321 of the trenching device 3 of this specific embodiment are both designed to be adjustable, which can adjust the depth of the trenching mechanism 32 and the shoveling mechanism 41 inserted into the soil as the planting depth of the root crops changes.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the soil cleaning device 5 includes at least soil cleaning rollers 51 arranged at equal intervals, and the soil cleaning rollers 51 rotate eccentrically. In the first specific embodiment, the eccentrically rotating soil cleaning rollers 51 in the soil cleaning device 5 are the main components of the soil cleaning device 5, which can not only realize the function of transmission, but also generate vibration when rotating, and can well shake off the soil on the root crops under the dual effects of transmission and vibration.

[0042] like Figure 3As shown, the soil cleaning roller 51 includes a core shaft 511 rotatably arranged on the carrying device 1, and a sleeve shaft 512 axially fixedly sleeved on the core shaft 511, and the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve shaft 512 is recessed toward the axial direction to form a plurality of soil cleaning grooves 5121, and the generatrix of each location of the soil cleaning groove 5121 is parallel to the axial center line of the core shaft 511 and is radially equidistantly arranged on the sleeve shaft 512;

[0043] The outer contours of the plurality of soil-clearing grooves 5121 are located on the same space cylinder, and the axis of the space cylinder is parallel to the axis of the core shaft 511 and has a spacing therebetween.

[0044] The axis of the sleeve shaft 512 coincides with the axis of the core shaft 511. The core shaft 511 is a square shaft. A square center mounting through hole matching the outer shape of the core shaft 511 is arranged at the center of the sleeve shaft 512. A clearance fit with a small gap is provided between the square center mounting through hole and the square outer surface of the core shaft 511. The cross-sectional shape of the soil-clearing groove 5121 is a deep V shape.

[0045] In this specific embodiment, the sleeve shaft 512 and the core shaft 511 are matched with a square hole and a square shaft with a small gap. When the root crops roll into the soil cleaning groove 5121, the soil cleaning roller 51 not only has to overcome its own weight but also has to carry many root crops with a certain weight to rotate together during the eccentric rotation. Moreover, due to the eccentric design, the root crops will roll and jump in the soil cleaning groove 5121 and between different soil cleaning grooves 5121 and even between different soil cleaning rollers 51, which will generate a large radial force on the soil cleaning roller 51.

[0046] Compared with the conventional round hole and round shaft, the square hole and square shaft matching structure can withstand greater radial force and extend the service life of the soil cleaning device 5 components.

[0047] The square hole and the square shaft are designed to have a clearance fit with a small gap, which reduces the difficulty of assembly and ensures that there is no relative circumferential sliding between the core shaft 511 and the sleeve shaft 512 when the soil cleaning roller 51 rotates, thereby extending the service life of the soil cleaning roller 51.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, further, the soil cleaning device 5 also includes a brush roller 513 arranged above the soil cleaning device 5 and close to the rear collecting device 6, and brush bodies 5131 are densely arranged circumferentially on the brush roller 513.

[0049] During use, before the root crops are vibrated and transported to the collecting device 6, the brush body 5131 will further brush away the dirt on the root crops, thereby achieving a further cleaning effect.

[0050] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a top view of the digging device 4 according to the first specific embodiment; Figure 4As shown, the earth-shoveling mechanism 41 includes a fixed portion 412 fixed to the carrier 1 and a moving portion 413 movably arranged relative to the fixed portion 412 ; and an earth-shoveling moving mechanism 411 for controlling the linear movement of the moving portion 413 .

[0051] The earth-shoveling mobile mechanism 411 includes an earth-shoveling screw 4111, a screw mounting seat 4112 fixed to the bearing device 1 and rotatably connected to the earth-shoveling screw 4111; a bearing is fixedly arranged in the inner hole of the screw mounting seat 4112, and the two shaft heads of the earth-shoveling screw 4111 are respectively connected with the inner holes of the bearings in the two screw mounting seats 4112 by interference fit. The earth-shoveling mobile mechanism 411 also includes a nut mounting base 4113 threadedly connected to the earth-shoveling screw 4111 and fixedly connected to the moving part 413; a ball screw nut is arranged in the nut mounting base 4113, and the earth-shoveling screw 4111 is powered and rotated by the motor of the power device 2. During use, the motor is arranged in the middle part below the shoveling mechanism 41, and the motor shaft is fixedly connected to the main transmission sprocket 3212, and the power is transmitted to the auxiliary transmission sprocket arranged at the end of the shoveling screw 4111 through the transmission chain, thereby driving the shoveling screw 4111 to rotate, and the nut mounting base 4113 can move linearly along the shoveling screw 4111, thereby driving the moving part 413 to perform telescopic action, and then the shovel blade of the moving part 413 can be inserted into the soil, and the root crops can be shoveled into the inside of the harvester. Figure 5 As shown, the blade can be set to be inserted into the soil obliquely at an angle of 35° to the ground.

[0052] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the trenching device 3 includes a trenching moving mechanism 33 and a trenching mechanism 32 that moves up and down along the trenching moving mechanism 33.

[0053] When the root crops grow deeper, such as yam, which is generally 60 cm to 80 cm, the trenching device 3 requires a larger traction force and consumes a considerable amount of power. In the present application, the trenching mechanism 32 includes a chain transmission mechanism 321 provided with power by the power device 2, and the chain transmission mechanism 321 includes a symmetrically arranged chain saw 3213 and a fixed mounting base assembly 3214. The chain saw 3213 is driven by a sprocket 3212, and the sprocket 3212 is fixedly arranged on the transmission shaft 3211. The driving shaft 3211 is powered by the motor of the power device 2 to rotate; the ditching moving mechanism 33 includes a bevel gear pair 331 and a ditching screw 332, the ditching screw is rotatably arranged on a fixed seat fixedly installed on the carrying device 1, the motor of the power device 2 provides power to rotate the driving bevel gear 3311 of the bevel gear pair 331, the driven bevel gear 3312 is fixedly sleeved on the ditching screw 332, and the fixed installation base assembly 3214 of the chain transmission mechanism 321 is rotatably connected to the ditching screw 332. In use, the motor and the bevel gear pair 331 are arranged on one side, the motor drives the bevel gear pair 331 to rotate, the driven bevel gear 3312 drives the ditching screw 332 on this side to rotate, and the power is transmitted to the ditching screw 332 on the other side by the chain drive, so that the rotation of the ditching screws 332 on both sides is synchronized. A ball screw nut is arranged inside the fixed installation base assembly 3214. When the grooved screw 332 rotates, the fixed mounting base assembly 3214 can move linearly along the grooved screw 332, thereby moving the entire chain transmission mechanism 321 up and down.

[0054] In the first specific embodiment of the present application, the trenching of the machine is realized by two chain saws 3213 equipped with blades at the front end. The chain saws 3213 are first driven by the motor to rotate at high speed, and then the chain saws 3213 are slowly lowered through the lead screw of the trenching moving mechanism 33, and the chain saws 3213 cut the ground and trench after contacting the ground.

[0055] like Figure 8 As shown, in the second specific embodiment of the present application, the trenching device 3 also includes a front soil discharge device 31, which is driven by the power device 2 and includes a symmetrically arranged front auger conveying assembly 311 for discharging the accumulated soil to both sides.

[0056] Because the high-speed rotation of the chain saw 3213 will bring out the soil and accumulate on the ground, further, a front auger conveying assembly 311 is provided to push the accumulated soil to both sides, thereby avoiding affecting the subsequent harvesting and the movement of the harvester.

[0057] like Fig. 9 As shown, the root crop harvester also includes a backfilling device 7 for backfilling the accumulated soil discharged from the furrowing device 3. The backfilling device 7 is driven by the power device 2 and includes a symmetrically arranged backfilling auger conveying assembly 71.

[0058] When the root crops are harvested, a ditch will be left in the planting field. At this time, the rear auger under the soil cleaning device 5 is powered by the motor of the power device 2 and is driven by a chain to realize the rotation of the worm to drain the soil on both sides of the ditch opened by the front end of the machine and the soil that falls after soil cleaning is completed backfilled into the ditch, so as to avoid the deep ditch affecting the progress of the harvester and subsequent harvesting, and also replace the work of manual backfilling of the deep ditch.

[0059] like Fig.10 As shown, the carrying device 1 includes a traction connection 11, a frame 12, a chassis 13 and wheels 14. The power device 2 includes multiple motors, which provide power for the front soil discharge device 31, the trenching device 3, the digging device 4, the soil cleaning device 5 and the backfilling device 7 respectively.

[0060] In the first specific embodiment of the present application, no independent driving power source is provided, and the harvester can be suspended on an ordinary tractor through the traction connection part 11, and the harvester is driven by the tractor to travel. The harvester of the present application adopts the suspension type in order to maintain a certain depth and operation safety when the agricultural machinery is working under the condition of soil resistance changes. For example, the growth depth of yam is deep, and the resistance of shoveling by the shoveling mechanism 41 is large, and the powerful power of the tractor can solve this problem well.

[0061] In addition, the harvester of the present application has a compact structural design, light weight, small turning radius, and small traction resistance; it is reliable in operation, easy to operate, flexible and maneuverable, and has high production efficiency; the operation and adjustment of the harvester can be undertaken by a tractor driver alone, reducing manpower input.

[0062] In the third embodiment of the present application, a guide plate is provided between the soil cleaning device 5 and the collecting device 6 , and a double rocker mechanism is provided on the collecting device 6 for opening and closing the collecting device 6 .

[0063] The guide plate can guide the disordered yams neatly into the collection box, and the semi-automatic unloading can be achieved by controlling the double rocker mechanism to open and close the box door through the servo and cooperating with the inclined bottom plate.

[0064] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described in detail above; however, the present application is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present application, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present application, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0065] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this application will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0066] In addition, the various implementation modes of the present application may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present application, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A root crop harvester, characterized in that: It comprises a carrying device (1) for carrying various components of the root crop harvester and supporting the root crop harvester on the ground; and A trenching device (3), a digging device (4), a soil clearing device (5) and a collecting device (6) are connected in sequence, and also includes a power device (2) for providing power; The furrowing device (3) is arranged at the front end of the root crop harvester and is used for furrowing between rows of root crops; The digging device (4) for digging out the root crops from the soil, which is arranged after the trenching device (3), comprises a retractable shoveling mechanism (41); The soil cleaning device (5) arranged after the digging device (4) is used to clean the soil on the surface of the root crop; The collecting device (6) is used to collect the root crops processed by the soil cleaning device; The soil cleaning device (5) causes the root crops to rotate and vibrate when in operation.

2. The root crop harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil cleaning device (5) comprises soil cleaning rollers (51) arranged at least at equal intervals, and the soil cleaning rollers (51) rotate eccentrically.

3. The root crop harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that: The soil cleaning roller (51) comprises a core shaft (511) rotatably arranged on the bearing device (1), and a sleeve shaft (512) axially fixedly sleeved on the core shaft (511), wherein the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve shaft (512) is recessed in the axial direction to form a plurality of soil cleaning grooves (5121), wherein the generatrixes of the soil cleaning grooves (5121) are parallel to the axial center line of the core shaft (511) and are radially equidistantly arranged on the sleeve shaft (512); The outer contours of the multiple soil-clearing grooves (5121) are located on the same spatial cylinder, and the axis of the spatial cylinder is parallel to the axis of the core shaft (511) and has a spacing therebetween.

4. The root crop harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that: The axis of the sleeve shaft (512) coincides with the axis of the core shaft (511); the core shaft (511) is a square shaft; a square center mounting through hole matching the outer shape of the core shaft (511) is provided at the center of the sleeve shaft (512); a clearance fit with a small gap is formed between the square center mounting through hole and the square outer surface of the core shaft (511); The cross-sectional shape of the soil cleaning groove (5121) is a semi-elliptical arc, a parabola, or a deep V shape; The soil cleaning device (5) further comprises a brush roller (513) arranged above the soil cleaning device (5) and close to the rear collecting device (4), and brush bodies (5131) are densely arranged circumferentially on the brush roller (513).

5. The root crop harvester according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The shoveling mechanism (41) comprises a fixed portion (412) fixed to the carrying device (1) and a movable portion (413) movably arranged relative to the fixed portion (412); and A soil shoveling moving mechanism (411) controls the linear movement of the moving part (413).

6. The root crop harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that: The earth-shoveling moving mechanism (411) comprises an earth-shoveling screw (4111), a screw mounting seat (4112) fixed to the carrying device (1) and rotatably connected to the earth-shoveling screw (4111); and A nut mounting base (4113) threadably connected to the earth-shoveling lead screw (4111) and fixedly connected to the moving part (413); The earth-shoveling screw (4111) is powered to rotate by the power device (2).

7. The root crop harvester according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The trenching device (3) comprises a trenching moving mechanism (33) and a trenching mechanism (32) that moves up and down along the trenching moving mechanism.

8. The root crop harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that: The trenching mechanism (32) comprises a chain transmission mechanism (321) provided with power by the power device (2), the chain transmission mechanism (321) comprises a symmetrically arranged chain saw (3213) and a fixed mounting base assembly (3214), the chain saw (3213) is driven by a sprocket (3212), the sprocket (3212) is fixedly arranged on a transmission shaft (3211), and the transmission shaft (3211) is provided with power to rotate by the power device (2); The ditching moving mechanism (33) comprises a bevel gear pair (331) and a ditching screw (332). The power device (2) provides power to rotate the driving bevel gear (3311) of the bevel gear pair (331). The driven bevel gear (3312) is fixedly sleeved on the ditching screw (332). The ditching screw (332) is rotatably arranged on a fixed seat fixedly mounted on a bearing device. The fixed mounting base assembly (3214) of the chain transmission mechanism (321) is rotatably connected to the ditching screw (332).

9. The root crop harvester according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: The trenching device (3) also includes a front soil discharge device (31), which is driven by the power device (2) and includes symmetrically arranged front auger conveying components (311) for discharging accumulated soil to both sides.

10. The root crop harvester according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: The root crop harvester also includes a backfilling device (7) for backfilling the accumulated soil discharged from the furrowing device (3); the backfilling device (7) is driven by the power device (2) and includes a symmetrically arranged backfilling auger conveying assembly (71).

11. The root crop harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The load-bearing device (1) comprises a traction connection portion (11), a frame (12), a chassis (13) and wheels (14); The power device (2) comprises a plurality of motors; A guide plate is arranged between the soil cleaning device (5) and the collecting device (6), and a double rocker mechanism is arranged on the collecting device (6) for opening and closing the collecting device (6).

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