Drought-resisting waterlogging-preventing fertility-increasing crop diversity utilization system for organic sorghum in mountainous region and establishment method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a drought-resisting, waterlogging-preventing and fertility-increasing crop diversity utilization system for organic sorghum in mountainous regions and an establishment method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of rainwater. The system comprises a water guide groove, the water guide groove comprises a vertical water guide groove and an equal-height water guide groove, and the vertical water guide groove is connected with the equal-height water guide groove; the filter tank is connected with the vertical water chute; the reservoir is connected with the filter tank; the water tank is connected with the reservoir and used for controlling the water level of the reservoir; plants are planted above the water guide grooves; rainwater and surface runoff flow into the equal-height water guide groove, flow into the filter tank through the vertical water guide groove, flow into the reservoir to be stored after being filtered by the filter tank, and nutrients generated by plants flow into the reservoir along with water flow. The problems that the slope farmland field rainwater resource utilization rate is low, and the waterlogging-preventing and drought-resisting efficiency is low are solved. Waterlogging of crops caused by concentrated rainfall in the mountainous region is reduced, water resources in the mountainous region are reasonably utilized, the plants and the crops are intercropped, and diversity planting of the crops and integration of water and fertilizer are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive rainwater utilization, and in particular to a mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant, flood-proof and fertility-enhancing crop diversity utilization system and an establishment method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the process of organic sorghum cultivation, increasing the source of organic fertilizer and adopting crop diversity are important technical measures. However, the current crop diversity cultivation is mostly based on traditional intercropping, and the plant types are limited to annual crops, with less use of perennial crops. On the other hand, although traditional hedgerow technology takes into account the use of perennial plants, its function is mostly limited to soil and water conservation, and its effect on increasing and stabilizing crop yields is limited.

[0003] Drought and waterlogging are important abiotic stress factors that affect sorghum yield and quality. In mountainous areas, concentrated rainfall in the rainy season easily forms runoff, leading to soil erosion and flooding in flat areas. At the same time, due to the large slope, rainwater resources are difficult to retain. When the climate becomes dry, the mountain soil is barren and soil erosion is serious. The stored rainwater is limited and sensitive to drought. Therefore, the key to the development of mountain agriculture is to solve the problems of uneven distribution of rainwater resources, rapid changes from drought to flood, and serious soil erosion. Although there are technical solutions related to mountain rainwater harvesting and irrigation, for example, a rainwater collection device for water conservancy disclosed in Chinese patent document with publication number CN112922084A, and a rainwater collection and reuse system for sloping road ditches in the hilly areas of southwest China disclosed in Chinese patent document with publication number CN109944294A, these technical solutions are all based on the entire mountain area or plots of land in small watersheds, but lack technical solutions for crop groups in sloping cultivated land, resulting in low rainwater resource utilization rate and low efficiency in flood control and drought resistance, and weak water-fertilizer integration. Summary of the invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant, flood-proof and fertility-enhancing crop diversity utilization system and its establishment method, which solves the problems of serious soil erosion and easy waterlogging in flat areas when rainwater is concentrated in the mountains, and the thin mountain soil and limited rainwater storage during mountain drought, which makes the mountain soil sensitive to drought; it also solves the problems of low efficiency of rainwater resource utilization and flood and drought resistance, and weak water-fertilizer integration for field crop groups on sloping cultivated land.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system, comprising:

[0006] A water channel, the water channel comprising a vertical water channel and a contour water channel, the vertical water channel being connected to the contour water channel;

[0007] A filter tank connected to the vertical water channel;

[0008] A water reservoir, wherein the water reservoir is connected to the filter tank;

[0009] A water tank connected to the water reservoir and used to control the water level of the water reservoir;

[0010] Plants, wherein the plants are planted above the water channel;

[0011] Rainwater and surface runoff flow into the contour water channel, flow into the filter pool through the vertical water channel, flow into the reservoir for storage after being filtered by the filter pool, and nutrients produced by the plants flow into the reservoir along with the water flow.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the vertical water guide trough is arranged obliquely along the mountain, the contour water guide trough is designed with at least one level along the vertical water guide trough, multiple levels of contour water guide troughs are arranged in parallel and obliquely connected to the vertical water guide trough, and the depths of the multiple levels of contour water guide troughs increase sequentially.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, an anti-seepage layer is provided at the bottom and both sides of the water guide trough, a pipe is installed above the anti-seepage layer, and a filler, a first filter net and a covering layer are sequentially arranged in the water guide trough. The filler is filled in the bottom of the water guide trough, and the plant is planted on the top of the covering layer.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the filter pool includes a second filter screen and a cover plate, the second filter screen is located at the connection port between the vertical water guide channel and the filter pool, the cover plate is arranged on the top of the filter pool, and the cover plate is detachably connected to the filter pool.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the water sink includes a water outlet, a switch and a water diversion trough, the water diversion trough is connected to the water outlet, the switch is installed at the water outlet, and can be automatically opened and closed according to the water level of the water sink, and the water level of the water sink does not exceed 10 cm below the ground surface.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, according to the different areas of the field, the water guide trough is divided into a median layout and a side layout; the median layout is that a vertical water guide trough is set in the middle of the field, and the equal-height water guide troughs are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the vertical water guide trough; the side layout is that a vertical water guide trough is set on the side of the field, and the equal-height water guide troughs are evenly distributed on one side of the vertical water guide trough.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the width of the vertical water channel is 0.5-4.5m, the depth is 30-50cm, the width of the equal-height water channel is 0.5-3.5m, and its depth is the same as that of the vertical water channel, and the width of two adjacent equal-height water channels is greater than 3m;

[0018] The inclination angle between the contour water guide groove and the vertical water guide groove is 3° to 5°, and the depth of the multiple levels of contour water guide grooves increases successively along the vertical water guide groove, and the increase range is 2 to 5 cm. The depth of the highest level contour water guide groove is greater than 30 cm.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the water channel further comprises a partition, which is located at one end of the equal-height water channel away from the vertical water channel and is arranged perpendicular to the water channel;

[0020] The pipeline is a hollow seepage water pipe with a diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 m; the filler is a permeable material with a filling depth of 20 to 50 cm; the first filter is arranged at a position 20 to 30 cm downward from the top of the vertical water channel; the covering layer has a covering thickness of 20 to 30 cm.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the width of the filter pool is the same as the width of the vertical water channel, the depth of the filter pool should be greater than 0.4m, and the depth of the water reservoir is the same as the depth of the filter pool;

[0022] An irrigation device is provided on one side of the water reservoir, and the irrigation device extracts water in the water reservoir to irrigate crops. The crops are planted on the periphery of the water channel and intercropped with the plants; wherein the plants are leguminous plants.

[0023] A method for establishing a mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system, the method comprising:

[0024] Establishing a rainwater collection system: constructing the mountain, and building the water channel, filter pool, reservoir and water tank, and setting the anti-seepage layer at the bottom of each component, setting the partition at one end of the equal-height water channel, and laying the pipe, filler, first filter screen and covering layer in the water channel in sequence;

[0025] Install the second filter screen and the cover plate in the filter tank, and connect the water reservoir with the irrigation equipment; build the water outlet and the water diversion trough on one side of the water tank, and install the switch on the water outlet;

[0026] Fertilization and crop diversity planting: planting the plants in a strip shape on the top of the water channel, and planting the crops on the periphery of the water channel;

[0027] Plant belt management: mow the plants regularly to promote their regeneration and rejuvenation, and return the mowed branches and leaves to the fields as green manure in the crop planting area; or use them as mulch between the crop planting rows; or use them as feed for livestock, and return the livestock manure to the fields.

[0028] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0029] 1. A mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system provided by the present invention includes a water guide trough, a filter pool, a reservoir and a water trough. During the rainy season, rainwater and surface runoff flow into the contour water guide trough, flow into the filter pool through the vertical water guide trough, and flow into the reservoir for storage after being filtered by the filter pool. The water trough is used to control the water level of the reservoir. When the water level is too high, excess water can be discharged to prevent waterlogging caused by excessive water storage. During the dry season, water in the reservoir is extracted by irrigation equipment for irrigation of crops. The problem of low utilization rate of rainwater resources in sloping cultivated land and low efficiency of flood control and drought resistance is solved. Crop waterlogging caused by concentrated rainfall in the mountains is reduced, and mountain water resources are reasonably utilized.

[0030] 2. The mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system plants perennial leguminous plants on the water channel and forms intercropping with crops, realizing crop diversity planting. Intercropped plants can fix nitrogen and release carbon and nitrogen nutrients into the water channel through root decomposition. Through irrigation equipment, water rich in carbon and nitrogen is used to irrigate crops such as sorghum, realizing water and fertilizer integration. At the same time, intercropped plants can also accumulate nutrients in surface runoff into the water channel through interception, reduce nutrient loss, reduce soil erosion, and promote the sustainability of mountain agriculture.

[0031] 3. The mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system promotes the regeneration and rejuvenation of perennial legumes by regularly mowing them, and returns the mowed branches and leaves to the fields as green manure in the planting area to increase the content of soil organic matter and fertilize the soil; or covers the crop rows as mulch to reduce soil erosion, inhibit weeds between rows, reduce soil moisture evaporation, and improve drought resistance; or feeds livestock as feed, and returns livestock manure to the fields. Through the combination of planting and breeding, the recycling of biological resources is realized, the development of regional animal husbandry is increased, and the economic income of farmers is promoted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a crop diversity utilization system for drought resistance, flood prevention and fertility enhancement of mountain organic sorghum provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 A top view of the median layout of the water guide trough provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 A top view of the side layout of the water guide trough provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of intercropping of plants and crops provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1. water guide trough; 11. vertical water guide trough; 12. equal-height water guide trough; 13. anti-seepage layer; 14. pipe; 15. filler; 16. first filter screen; 17. covering layer; 18. partition; 2. filter tank; 21. second filter screen; 22. cover plate; 3. reservoir; 4. irrigation equipment; 5. water tank; 51. water outlet; 52. switch; 53. water guide trough; 6. plants; 7. crops. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Among them, the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention provides a mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system, which can collect rainwater in the rainy season, store the rainwater, and use it to irrigate crops in the dry season. At the same time, it can also fertilize the crops, thereby increasing the yield of organic sorghum.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system includes a water channel 1, a filter pool 2, a reservoir 3, irrigation equipment 4 and a water channel 5. The water channel 1 is set on the inclined mountain, and is used to collect rainwater and surface runoff, store and guide more rainwater for irrigation in the dry season, and reduce the crop waterlogging caused by concentrated rainfall, while providing space for crop diversity planting. The filter pool 2 is located at the bottom of the water channel 1 and is connected to the water channel 1. The filter pool 2 is used to filter the rainwater collected by the water channel 1, intercept and filter the mud, sand, stones, etc., and obtain irrigable water without solid matter. The reservoir 3 is located on the side of the filter pool 2 away from the water channel 1, and is connected to the filter pool 2. It is used to store rainwater for irrigation in the dry season. The irrigation equipment 4 is arranged on one side of the water reservoir 3, one end of which is connected to the water reservoir 3 and the other end leads to the crop planting area. The irrigation equipment 4 is connected to a driving mechanism. When drought occurs, the driving mechanism drives the irrigation equipment 4 to extract rainwater stored in the water reservoir 3 and transports the rainwater to the crop planting area to irrigate the crops. The water tank 5 is located on the side of the water reservoir 3 away from the filter tank 2 and is connected to the water reservoir 3. It is used to adjust the amount of water in the water reservoir 3. When the amount of rainwater and surface runoff collected in the rainy season is overloaded, it will automatically overflow to avoid waterlogging in the area and achieve drought and waterlogging prevention in the mountains.

[0042] In some embodiments, the water channel 1 includes a vertical water channel 11 and a contour water channel 12. The vertical water channel 11 is arranged along the mountain at an angle consistent with the slope of the mountain, and runs through the contour water channel 12. The contour water channel 12 is connected to the vertical water channel 11, and multiple levels of contour water channels 12 are arranged along the vertical water channel 11. There is a certain angle of inclination between the contour water channels 12 and the vertical water channel 11, so that rainwater accumulated in the contour water channels 12 can flow into the vertical water channels 11. The multiple levels of contour water channels 12 are arranged in parallel, and the spacing between two adjacent contour water channels 12 is designed according to the average annual precipitation in the area and in combination with the crop planting requirements, and the width between the two should be greater than 3m.

[0043] In some embodiments, the bottom of the vertical water channel 11 is located at the bottom of the slope, and the multi-level contour water channels 12 are arranged in sequence along the vertical water channel 11. The first-level contour water channel 12 is located at the top of the vertical water channel 11, and the contour water channel 12 close to the bottom of the vertical water channel 11 is the highest level. The depths of the multi-level contour water channels 12 are different, the first-level contour water channel 12 has the smallest depth, and the depths of the other levels of contour water channels 12 increase in sequence. The depths are designed according to the local rainfall to ensure that the water channels 1 of the entire plot can store water evenly.

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment, the width of the vertical water channel 11 is 0.5-4.5m, and the depth is 30-50cm. The width of the contour water channel 12 is 0.5-3.5m, and the inclination angle between it and the vertical water channel 11 is 3°-5°. The depth of the multi-level contour water channel 12 increases from low level to high level, and the increase is 2-5cm. The slope of the plot ensures that the water channel 1 of the entire plot can store water evenly. The contour water channel 12 close to the bottom of the vertical water channel 11 is the highest level contour water channel 12, and its depth should be greater than 30-50cm.

[0045] In some embodiments, an impermeable layer 13 is laid at the bottom and both sides of the water channel 1 to prevent rainwater collected in the water channel 1 from seeping down, so that enough rainwater can be stored in the reservoir 3 for later irrigation. A pipe 14 is installed at the bottom of the water channel 1, and the pipe 14 is installed above the impermeable layer 13, and a filler 15 is filled above the impermeable layer 13.

[0046] Specifically, in this embodiment, the anti-seepage layer 13 is constructed of concrete, and the pipe 14 is a hollow seepage water pipe with a pipe diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 m, so that the rainwater and surface runoff collected in the water channel 1 are collected in the pipe 14 and flow into the filter tank 2 from the pipe 14. The filler 15 is a permeable material with a filling depth of 20 to 50 cm. The permeable material can be selected from coarse gravel, wood wedges, wood blocks, etc., or a grid with a certain support strength, which is conducive to the infiltration of rainwater and surface runoff.

[0047] In some embodiments, a first filter screen 16 is provided in the vertical water channel 11, and the first filter screen 16 is used to filter impurities such as mud, gravel, etc. A covering layer 17 is provided above the first filter screen 16, and the covering layer 17 covers the top of the vertical water channel 11, and is a soil covering layer for planting plants. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first filter screen 16 is provided at a position 20 to 30 cm downward from the top of the vertical water channel 11, and the aperture size of the first filter screen 16 is selected according to the size of the fine sand particles to be filtered, and the covering thickness of the covering layer 17 is 20 to 30 cm, providing a growth space for the growth of the root system of the plant 6.

[0048] In some embodiments, a partition 18 is provided on the side of the equal-height water channel 12 facing away from the vertical water channel 11 and is perpendicular to the water channel 1. The height of the partition 18 is level with the ground surface to ensure that the water channel 1 is a one-way flow water channel.

[0049] In some embodiments, the width of the filter pool 2 is the same as the width of the vertical water channel 11, the depth of the filter pool 2 should be greater than 0.4 to 1 m, and the depth of the reservoir 3 is the same as the depth of the filter pool 2, so as to ensure that a certain amount of rainwater can be stored to meet the water resource needs of crops in the dry season. A second filter screen 21 is provided inside the filter pool 2. The second filter screen 21 is located at the connection between the vertical water channel 11 and the filter pool 2, and is arranged perpendicular to the vertical water channel 11, and is used to filter impurities such as silt. A cover plate 22 is provided above the filter pool 2 to prevent people or animals from falling into the pool. The cover plate 22 is detachably connected to the filter pool 2, which is convenient for regular dredging and desilting of the filter pool 2.

[0050] In some embodiments, a water outlet 51 is provided on one side of the water tank 5, and a switch 52 is provided on the side of the water outlet 51 away from the water tank, and the switch 52 can be opened and closed automatically. A water diversion trough 53 is provided on the side of the water outlet 51 away from the water tank 5, and the water diversion trough 53 diverts the overflowing water to the drainage ditch outside the plot to prevent waterlogging. Specifically, in this embodiment, since the root growth of most crops is concentrated at a depth of 10 to 15 cm in the tillage layer, the water level control position of the water tank 5 should not exceed 10 cm below the surface of the downslope position to avoid excessive moisture in the surface soil during the rainy season, which may cause waterlogging.

[0051] Specifically, in this embodiment, the switch 52 is a water level pressure switch, which can automatically open and close by sensing the liquid pressure in the water tank 5, ensuring that it is automatically closed in the dry season to reduce water evaporation, and automatically opens in the rainy season to drain excess water.

[0052] Specifically, in this embodiment, the bottom and sides of the filter pool 2, the reservoir 3 and the water tank 5 are paved with an anti-seepage layer 13, which can prevent the accumulated rainwater or surface runoff from seeping in, ensuring sufficient water resources for irrigation in the dry season.

[0053] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, different groove layouts can be adopted according to the area of ​​the field, combined with agricultural practice, especially the operation needs of the working machine. For a larger plot of land, the area of ​​which is more than 3 to 5 mu, a water guide trough unit is designed for every 3 to 5 mu, and the water guide trough 1 can adopt a median layout, that is, a vertical water guide trough 11 is set in the middle, and the equal-height water guide troughs 12 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the vertical water guide trough 11. For a smaller plot of land, the area of ​​which is less than 3 to 5 mu, only one water guide trough unit is required, and the water guide trough 1 can adopt a side layout, that is, a vertical water guide trough 11 is set on one side of the plot, and the equal-height water guide troughs 12 are distributed on one side of the vertical water guide trough 11. Each water channel unit is composed of a vertical water channel 11 and a plurality of equal-height water channels 12. The equal-height water channels 12 are evenly distributed in the plot, which can better collect rainwater and surface runoff. Only one vertical water channel 11 is set, which can reduce the floor area of ​​the water channel 1 and save land resources.

[0054] In some embodiments, crops 7 are planted on the periphery of the water channel 1, and plants 6 are planted on the covering layer 17 of the water channel 1. The plants 6 are perennial nitrogen-fixing legumes with large roots and soil and water conservation effects. The plants 6 planted in the water channel 1 form an intercropping pattern with the crops 7 to achieve crop diversity planting. These plants intercropped with crops can fix nitrogen, and release carbon and nitrogen nutrients into the water channel 1 through the decomposition of the root system. The water body rich in carbon and nitrogen nutrients in the reservoir 3 is used for irrigation of crops 7 through the driving mechanism and irrigation equipment 4, realizing water-fertilizer integration. At the same time, the intercropped plants 6 also have an interception effect, accumulating nutrients in surface runoff into the water channel 1, reducing nutrient loss, reducing soil erosion, and promoting the sustainable development of mountain agriculture. In addition, the intercropped plants 6 can also diversify the structure of the biological community on the plot, which is conducive to diluting and blocking pathogens, increasing beneficial insects, heaven and earth and other organisms, and realizing green control of pests and diseases. In addition, the perennial leguminous plants planted in strips can serve as appearance identification marks for the distribution of the water channels 1, facilitating the planting of crops 7 and field management.

[0055] In some embodiments, the plant 6 is a perennial legume plant, which is regularly mowed to promote its regeneration and rejuvenation, and the mowed branches and leaves are returned to the field as green manure in the crop 7 planting area to increase the soil organic matter content and fertilize the soil; or as a covering material to cover the planting rows of the crop 7 to achieve agricultural functions such as reducing soil erosion, inhibiting weeds between rows, reducing water evaporation in the soil, and improving drought resistance; or as feed for livestock, and livestock manure is returned to the field, through the combination of planting and breeding, the recycling of biological resources is achieved, the development of regional animal husbandry is increased, the economic income of farmers is promoted, the extensibility of the system is further improved, and the organic production of the crop 7 is promoted. Specifically, in this embodiment, the crop 7 is organic sorghum.

[0056] The present invention also provides a method for establishing a mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system, comprising the following steps:

[0057] S1: Establish a rainwater collection system: Select a sloping cultivated land, understand the climate conditions of the selected area, and conduct data survey on the selected land to measure the size and slope of the land. Select the layout of the water channel 1 according to the area of ​​the land, choose the median layout or the side layout, and determine the relevant construction parameters of the water channel 1, the filter pool 2, the reservoir 3 and the water tank 5.

[0058] The selected plot is constructed to build the water channel 1, the filter pool 2, the water reservoir 3 and the water tank 5 in sequence, and an anti-seepage layer 13 is set at the bottom of each component. A partition 18 is set at one end of the equal-height water channel 12, and then a pipe 14, a filler 15, a first filter screen 16 and a covering layer 17 are laid in the water channel 1 in sequence.

[0059] A second filter screen 21 and a cover plate 22 are installed in the filter pool 2. The cover plate 22 is detachably connected to the filter pool 2, so that it can be opened regularly for desilting and removing impurities. The water reservoir 3 is connected to the irrigation equipment 4. A water outlet 51 and a water diversion channel 53 are constructed on one side of the water tank 5, and a water level pressure switch 52 is installed on the water outlet 51.

[0060] S2: Fertilization and crop diversity planting: Plants 6 are planted on the covering layer 17 on the top of the water channel 1, perennial nitrogen-fixing legumes with large roots and soil and water conservation functions are planted in strips along the water channel 1, and crops 7 are planted on the periphery of the water channel 1.

[0061] S3: Legume belt management: Regularly mow perennial legumes to promote their regeneration and rejuvenation, and return the mowed branches and leaves as green manure to the crop planting area; or use them as mulch between the crop planting rows; or use them as feed for livestock, and return the livestock manure to the field.

[0062] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system, characterized in that: include: A water guide trough (1), the water guide trough (1) comprising a vertical water guide trough (11) and a contour water guide trough (12), the vertical water guide trough (11) being connected to the contour water guide trough (12); A filter tank (2) connected to the vertical water channel (11); A water reservoir (3), wherein the water reservoir (3) is connected to the filter pool (2); A water tank (5), the water tank (5) being connected to the water reservoir (3) and used for controlling the water level of the water reservoir (3); Plants (6), the plants (6) being planted above the water channel (1); Rainwater and surface runoff flow into the contour water channel (12), flow into the filter pool (2) through the vertical water channel (11), and flow into the reservoir (3) for storage after being filtered by the filter pool (2). The nutrients produced by the plants (6) flow into the reservoir (3) along with the water flow.

2. The mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vertical water guide trough (11) is arranged obliquely along the mountain, and the contour water guide trough (12) is designed at least one level along the vertical water guide trough (11). Multiple levels of the contour water guide troughs (12) are arranged in parallel and obliquely connected to the vertical water guide trough (11), and the depths of the multiple levels of the contour water guide troughs (12) increase sequentially.

3. The mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The bottom and both sides of the water guide groove (1) are provided with an anti-seepage layer (13), a pipe (14) is installed above the anti-seepage layer (13), and a filler (15), a first filter screen (16) and a covering layer (17) are sequentially arranged in the water guide groove (1), the filler (15) is filled in the bottom of the water guide groove (1), and the plant (6) is planted on the top of the covering layer (17).

4. The mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The filter pool (2) comprises a second filter screen (21) and a cover plate (22); the second filter screen (21) is located at the connection port between the vertical water guide channel (11) and the filter pool (2); the cover plate (22) is arranged on the top of the filter pool (2); and the cover plate (22) and the filter pool (2) are detachably connected.

5. The mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water tank (5) comprises a water outlet (51), a switch (52) and a water diversion groove (53); the water diversion groove (53) is connected to the water outlet (51); the switch (52) is installed at the water outlet (51) and can be automatically opened and closed according to the water level of the water tank (5); the water level of the water tank (5) does not exceed 10 cm below the ground surface.

6. The mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: According to different areas of the field, the water guide trough (1) is divided into a central layout and a side layout; the central layout is that a vertical water guide trough (11) is arranged in the middle of the field, and the equal-height water guide troughs (12) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the vertical water guide trough (11); the side layout is that a vertical water guide trough (11) is arranged on the side of the field, and the equal-height water guide troughs (12) are evenly distributed on one side of the vertical water guide trough (11).

7. The mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The width of the vertical water channel (11) is 0.5 to 4.5 m, and the depth is 30 to 50 cm. The width of the equal-height water channel (12) is 0.5 to 3.5 m, and its depth is the same as that of the vertical water channel (11). The width of two adjacent equal-height water channels (12) is greater than 3 m. The inclination angle between the contour water guide groove (12) and the vertical water guide groove (11) is 3° to 5°, the depths of the multiple levels of contour water guide grooves (12) increase successively along the vertical water guide groove (11), and the increase range is 2 to 5 cm, and the depth of the highest level of contour water guide grooves (12) is greater than 30 cm.

8. The mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The water guide trough (1) further comprises a partition (18), wherein the partition (18) is located at one end of the equal-height water guide trough (12) away from the vertical water guide trough (11), and is arranged vertically with respect to the water guide trough (1); The pipe (14) is a hollow water seepage pipe with a diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 m; the filler (15) is a water-permeable material with a filling depth of 20 to 50 cm; the first filter screen is arranged at a position 20 to 30 cm downward from the top of the vertical water channel (11); and the covering layer (17) has a covering thickness of 20 to 30 cm.

9. The mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The width of the filter pool (2) is the same as the width of the vertical water channel (11), the depth of the filter pool (2) should be greater than 0.4 m, and the depth of the water reservoir (3) is the same as the depth of the filter pool (2); An irrigation device (4) is provided on one side of the water reservoir (3), and the irrigation device (4) extracts water from the water reservoir (3) to irrigate crops (7). The crops (7) are planted on the periphery of the water channel (1) and intercropped with the plants (6); wherein the plants (6) are leguminous plants.

10. A method for establishing a mountain organic sorghum drought-resistant and flood-proof fertility crop diversity utilization system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The establishment method comprises: Establishing a rainwater collection system: constructing the mountain and building the water channel (1), the filter pool (2), the water storage pool (3) and the water tank (5), and setting the anti-seepage layer (13) at the bottom of each component, setting the partition (18) at one end of the equal-height water channel (12), and laying the pipe (14), the filler (15), the first filter (16) and the covering layer (17) in the water channel (1) in sequence; The second filter screen (21) and the cover plate (22) are installed in the filter pool (2), and the water reservoir (3) is connected to the irrigation equipment (4); the water outlet (51) and the water diversion channel (53) are constructed on one side of the water tank (5), and the switch (52) is installed on the water outlet (51); Fertilization and crop diversity planting: planting the plants (6) in a strip on the top of the water channel (1), and planting the crops (7) on the periphery of the water channel (1); Plant belt management: regularly mow the plants (6) to promote their regeneration and rejuvenation, and return the mowed branches and leaves to the fields as green manure in the crop (7) planting area; or use them as mulch between the crop (7) planting rows; or use them as feed for livestock, and return the livestock manure to the fields.

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