Apple planting method
By planting grass crops and grass plants of the Grass or Legumes on both sides of the apple tree planting area, the problem of excessive growth of autumn flowers and autumn shoots caused by insufficient nutrition in fruit trees was solved, and the fruit fruit yield rate was improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411771586.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-18
AI Technical Summary
The growth of autumn flowers and autumn shoots leads to insufficient utilization of nutrients by other organs and fruits of fruit trees, which in turn affects the fruit fruit yield rate.
The intercropping area is divided on both sides of the fruit tree planting area, and grass crops and grass plants of the Grass Family or Legume family are planted to reduce the growth of autumn flowers and autumn strips, and to manage fruit trees and intercropping plants through fertilization and irrigation.
Reduce the growth of autumn flowers and strips through intercropping, ensure that the fruit trees have sufficient nutritional support in the second year and improve the fruit fruit fruit yield rate.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to an apple planting method. Background Art
[0002] Autumn flowers and autumn shoots are the growth of trees in the annual growth process. Because the hot summer inhibits the growth of trees, the growth of trees forms two peaks. The new shoots that grow in the first growth peak are called spring shoots, and the new shoots that grow after the hot summer are usually called autumn shoots. Autumn shoots refer to the new shoots that grow from the secondary development of the top buds of the fruit branches after the fruit trees reach the nutritional conversion period.
[0003] Autumn flowers refer to the process of trees blooming in autumn, stimulated by factors such as the gradual drop in temperature, the reduction in sunshine hours, and rain. However, the growth of autumn flowers and autumn shoots will inevitably lead to insufficient utilization of nutrients by other organs of fruit trees, especially fruits. Summary of the invention
[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide an apple planting method to address the problem of insufficient utilization of nutrients by other organs and fruits of fruit trees caused by the growth of autumn flowers and autumn shoots.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following scheme:
[0006] An apple planting method comprises the following steps:
[0007] Step S10, area division: divide the fruit tree planting area and the plant intercropping area in the original orchard of not less than one year, the fruit tree planting area and the plant intercropping area are arranged at intervals, and the width of the plant intercropping area is not less than 2 times the width of the fruit tree planting area;
[0008] Step S20, field treatment: weeding, fertilizing and turning the soil in the orchard;
[0009] Step S30: field planting;
[0010] Step S31, transplanting or planting fruit trees in the fruit tree planting area;
[0011] Step S32, the intercropping area is divided into a first area, a second area and a third area, the first area and the third area are distributed on both sides of the fruit tree planting area, the second area is distributed between the first area and the third area adjacent to one side of the fruit tree planting area, grass crops are planted in the first area and the third area, and grass plants of the Gramineae or Leguminosae are planted in the second area;
[0012] Step S40: Field management:
[0013] Step S41: Fix the branches of the fruit tree to both sides to form a "Feng" shape, and protect the new buds of the branches according to the seasonal temperature.
[0014] Step S42: Water and fertilize the fruit tree planting area and the plant planting area by means of fertilization and irrigation.
[0015] Preferably, in step S32, the grass crops planted in the first area and the third area are at least one of Amaranthus viridis, Sonchus oleraceus, and Astragalus membranaceus.
[0016] Preferably, the grass crop planted in the first area and the third area is Amaranthus viridis.
[0017] Preferably, in step S32, the gramineous grass plants planted in the second area are at least one of Bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon, Lolium perenne, and Zoysia japonica.
[0018] Preferably, the gramineous grass plant planted in the second area is Bermudagrass.
[0019] Preferably, in step S20, after the soil turning is completed, a permeable reflective film is set in the fruit tree planting area to reflect sunlight and reduce the water loss in the fruit tree planting area.
[0020] Preferably, drip irrigation devices are arranged on both sides of the permeable reflective film, and the drip irrigation devices are parallel to the length direction of the fruit tree planting area.
[0021] The technical solution adopted in this application can achieve the following beneficial effects:
[0022] By planting grass plants on both sides close to the fruit tree planting area and planting gramineous or leguminous grass plants in the middle, recording the number and growth status of autumn flowers and autumn branches of the fruit tree before and after the autumn rain and comparing them, the problem that there are too many autumn flowers and autumn branches growing on the fruit tree after the autumn rain, resulting in insufficient nutrition of the fruit tree, is solved. Moreover, the autumn flowers and autumn branches will die due to the too low temperature in winter. In the second year, the autumn flowers and autumn branches die, the fruit tree lacks nutrition, resulting in the inability of the autumn branches to regenerate, and the small number of autumn flowers leads to a low fruit setting rate.
[0023] Through the intercropping of fruit trees, the growth of autumn flowers and autumn branches is reduced during the growth of autumn branches, making the growth of autumn flowers and autumn branches more vigorous in the second year and the higher the number of autumn flowers, the higher the fruit setting rate. Detailed implementation manners
[0024] To facilitate the understanding of this application, the following will describe this application more comprehensively. This application provides preferred implementation manners. However, this application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the implementation manners described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these implementation manners is to make the disclosure of this application understood more thoroughly and comprehensively.
[0025] Note that when a device is considered to be "connected" to another device, it can be directly connected to the other device or there may be an intermediate device present. The terms "inner", "top", "upper", "lower", "above", "below" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation.
[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are for the purpose of describing specific implementations only and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.
[0027] This application provides an apple cultivation method, an apple cultivation method, including the following steps:
[0028] Step S10, area division: Divide the fruit tree planting area and the plant intercropping area in the existing orchard that has been in existence for no less than one year. The fruit tree planting area and the plant intercropping area are arranged at intervals, and the width of the plant intercropping area is not less than 3 times the width of the fruit tree planting area;
[0029] Step S20, field treatment; Weed, fertilize and turn over the soil in the orchard;
[0030] Step S30, field planting;
[0031] Step S31, transplant or plant fruit trees in the fruit tree planting area;
[0032] Step S32, divide the plant intercropping area into a first area, a second area and a third area. The first area and the third area are distributed on both sides of the fruit tree planting area, and the second area is distributed between the first area and the third area on one side of the adjacent fruit tree planting area. Plant grass crops in the first area and the third area, and plant grass plants of the gramineous or leguminous family in the second area;
[0033] Step S40, field management:
[0034] Step S41, fix the branches of the fruit trees to both sides to form a "Feng" character shape, and protect the new buds of the branches according to the seasonal temperature;
[0035] Step S42, water and fertilize the fruit tree planting area and the plant intercropping area by means of fertilization and irrigation.
[0036] Specifically, the above steps are carried out in an orchard (taking an apple orchard as an example) that is two to three years old. First, divide the apple orchard into a fruit tree planting area and a plant intercropping area. The fruit tree planting area is the range where fruit trees are planted in rows or columns (the range within 0.5 m on both sides of the fruit tree roots). The plant intercropping area is the area between two adjacent fruit tree planting areas for intercropping other crops. The width of the plant intercropping area is 2.5 times that of the fruit tree planting area (2.5 m). Transplant or replant the fruit trees, and use ropes, buckles, hanging bags, etc. to make the branches of the fruit trees grow in a "Feng" shape towards both sides (the branches form a "Feng" shape in the length direction of the fruit tree planting area).
[0037] After the fruit trees are processed, turn the soil and apply fertilizer to the plant intercropping area and the fruit tree planting area manually or mechanically, and level it. Divide the plant intercropping area into a first area, a second area, and a third area according to its proximity to the fruit tree planting area. The first area and the third area are both on the two sides close to the fruit tree planting area, and the widths of the first area and the second area are not greater than 0.5 m and not less than 0.2 m, and sprinkle the seeds of grass crops in the first area and the second area. Then plant grass plants of the Gramineae or Leguminosae family by transplanting or sowing seeds.
[0038] Count and price the fruit trees, observe their germination, flowering, etc. and record them. After the recording is completed, irrigate and make the water cover the ground surface by 1 cm to 5 cm, and water according to the fruit trees and grass plants. After the grass plants in the first area, the second area, and the third area grow, replenish the seedlings or sow seeds again according to the density.
[0039] After autumn comes, monitor the weather forecast in real time and observe the number and growth status of autumn flowers and autumn branches of the fruit trees. Continuously observe the number and growth status of autumn flowers and autumn branches of the fruit trees within one month after the autumn rain and make a comparison.
[0040] The technical solution of an apple planting method adopted in this application can achieve the following beneficial effects:
[0041] By planting grass plants on both sides close to the fruit tree planting area and planting grass plants of the Gramineae or Leguminosae family in the middle, recording the number and growth status of autumn flowers and autumn branches of the fruit trees before and after the autumn rain and making a comparison, it solves the problem that there are too many autumn flowers and autumn branches growing on the fruit trees after the autumn rain, resulting in insufficient nutrition of the fruit trees, and the autumn flowers and autumn branches will die due to low temperature in winter. In the second year, the autumn flowers and autumn branches die, and the insufficient nutrition of the fruit trees leads to the inability of new autumn branches to grow, and the small number of autumn flowers leads to a low fruit setting rate.
[0042] Through the intercropping of fruit trees, the growth of autumn flowers and autumn branches is reduced during the growth of autumn branches, making the growth of autumn flowers and autumn branches more vigorous in the second year and the higher the number of autumn flowers, the higher the fruit setting rate.
[0043] Based on the above solution, in step S32, the grass crops planted in the first area and the third area are at least one of Amaranthus chinensis, Sophora flavescens, and Astragalus membranaceus. Preferably, the grass crops planted in the first area and the third area are Amaranthus chinensis.
[0044] The same crops are planted in the first area and the third area, for example, at least one of Amaranthus cruciferus, Sophora flavescens, and Astragalus membranaceus. By planting one of Amaranthus cruciferus, Sophora flavescens, and Astragalus membranaceus in the first area and the third area respectively, using the same field management and comparing them, it is found that Amaranthus cruciferus has the best inhibition effect, which can greatly reduce the probability and growth rate of new growth of autumn flowers and autumn branches after autumn rain, thereby providing sufficient nutrition for the growth of autumn branches and the flowering of autumn flowers next year.
[0045] Based on the above solution, in step S32, the grass plant of the second area is at least one of grass of paradise, bermudagrass, ryegrass and zoysia grass. Preferably, the grass plant of the second area is grass of paradise.
[0046] In the second area between the first area and the third area, paradise grass, dogtooth grass, ryegrass and zoysia grass were planted for comparison. In comparison, paradise grass had the best effect, and had a high survival rate, a long length, and moderate nutrient absorption. By planting paradise grass, nutrients from the soil and rainwater after the autumn rain can be absorbed, reducing the amount of nutrients absorbed by fruit trees. At the same time, after the paradise grass dies in winter, it will feed the fruit trees in the spring, thereby providing nutrients to the fruit trees again, so that the new branches and flowers have sufficient nutrition, solving the problem of insufficient nutrition for fruit trees due to the growth of autumn branches and flowers after the autumn rain, and low fruiting rate in the next year.
[0047] In the above scheme, in step S20, after tilling the soil, a water-permeable reflective film is set in the fruit tree planting area to reflect sunlight and reduce water loss in the fruit tree planting area.
[0048] After tilling the soil, water-permeable reflective film is laid in the fruit tree planting area. The water-permeable reflective film is a step with water permeability, and reflective paint is applied on the cloth, and a number of water-permeable holes are opened. The reflective paint is light-colored. When it rains, rainwater can enter the soil through the water-permeable holes. When the light shines, the light-colored water-permeable reflective film reflects the light to the bottom of the fruit, so that the fruit is better colored and the ripening process is accelerated. The laying of water-permeable reflective film reduces the evaporation of water in the soil due to light, thereby reducing the rate of soil salinization and increasing the nutritional content of fruit trees, thereby increasing the fruiting rate.
[0049] To achieve the purpose of watering, based on the above solution, drip irrigation devices are provided on both sides of the water-permeable reflective film, and the drip irrigation devices are parallel to the length direction of the fruit tree planting area.
[0050] Specifically, the drip irrigation device is fixed on both sides of the branches of the fruit tree using ropes or bayonet. The specific drip irrigation device is an existing commonly used drip irrigation belt. When needed, the drip irrigation belt is filled with water by a water pump to achieve the purpose of watering. The drip irrigation device is set to solve the problem of water not being able to be replenished in time.
[0051] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.
[0052] The experiment was conducted in a two-year large-scale orchard (taking apple trees as an example). The orchard was planted with apple trees of the same variety, and the distance between two adjacent rows of apple trees was 3m. Three test plots were randomly selected from the entire orchard (Test Plot 1, Test Plot 2 and Test Plot 3), and 6 rows of apple trees were randomly selected from each test plot (the apple trees were planted in an east-west direction, from south to north they were the 1st row, the 2nd row, ... the 5th row, the 6th row; 10 trees were randomly selected from each row, and two branches were selected from each tree and marked, and each branch with 1 or more autumn flowers and autumn branches was 1, and the number of autumn branches and autumn flowers before the autumn rain was the same, both 4 and 3); and on the same day, the fields were turned over and fertilized using machinery, and the fruit trees were marked and recorded after the turning over and fertilization were completed, and then irrigated, and the irrigation height was 2 cm to 3 cm.
[0053] It should be noted that during the apple planting process in 2022, the inventor accidentally discovered that after the autumn rain, the number of autumn flowers and autumn branches growing under the apple trees with wrinkled amaranth was significantly smaller than that under the apple trees without wrinkled amaranth. In order to better carry out apple planting, the inventor conducted the following experiments in 2023.
[0054] Comparative Example 1:
[0055] In the first and second columns of the No. 1 experimental site, the new branches and flowering conditions on the apple tree branches were recorded before the autumn rain; within one month after the autumn rain, observations were made every ten days and the branches, new branches, and flowering conditions of the marked branches were recorded. Within one month after the beginning of spring, observations were also made every ten days and the branches, new branches, and flowering conditions of the marked branches were recorded.
[0056] Comparative Example 2:
[0057] The third and fourth rows in the No. 1 experimental plot were intercropped with paradise grass; the new branches, flowers, and growth of paradise grass on the apple tree branches were recorded before the autumn rain; within one month after the autumn rain, observations were made every ten days and the growth of the branches, new branches, flowers, and paradise grass on the marked branches were recorded; within one month after the beginning of spring, observations were made every ten days and the growth of the branches, new branches, flowers, and paradise grass on the marked branches were recorded.
[0058] Comparative Example 3:
[0059] Bermuda grass was intercropped between the 5th and 6th rows in the No. 1 experimental plot; the new branches, flowers, and growth of Bermuda grass on the apple tree branches were recorded before the autumn rain; within one month after the autumn rain, observations were made every ten days and the growth of branches, new branches, flowers, and Bermuda grass on the marked branches were recorded; within one month after the beginning of spring, observations were made every ten days and the growth of branches, new branches, flowers, and Bermuda grass on the marked branches were recorded.
[0060] Comparative Example 4:
[0061] Ryegrass was intercropped between the first and second rows in the No. 2 experimental plot. The new branches, flowers, and growth of ryegrass on the apple tree branches were recorded before the autumn rain. Within one month after the autumn rain, observations were made every ten days and the growth of branches, new branches, flowers, and ryegrass on the marked branches were recorded. Within one month after the beginning of spring, observations were made every ten days and the growth of branches, new branches, flowers, and ryegrass on the marked branches were recorded.
[0062]
[0063]
[0064] Through the comparison of four comparative examples, intercropping between apple trees can effectively reduce the growth of autumn flowers and autumn branches, and at the same time increase the number of branches and flowers after the beginning of spring. In comparative example 1 without intercropping, the growth rates of autumn branches and flowers on the 30th day after the autumn rain are 30% and 40% respectively, and the growth rates of branches and flowers after the beginning of spring are 32.5% and 45%; in comparative example 2 using paradise grass intercropping, the growth rates of autumn branches and flowers on the 30th day after the autumn rain are 20% and 25% respectively, and the growth rates of branches and flowers after the beginning of spring are 40% and 50%; in comparative example 3 using dogtooth grass intercropping, the growth rates of autumn branches and flowers on the 30th day after the autumn rain are 25% and 30% respectively, and the growth rates of branches and flowers after the beginning of spring are The growth rates of autumn branches and flowers are 37.5% and 42.5%; in the fourth comparative example of intercropping with ryegrass, the growth rates of autumn branches and flowers on the 30th day after the autumn rain are 27.5% and 27.5% respectively, and the growth rates of branches and flowers after the beginning of spring are 30% and 50%, but the ryegrass withers due to temperature reasons in the middle, grows again after the autumn rain and then withers, and the withered ryegrass needs to be cleaned up, which is cumbersome and labor-intensive; and it is found through observation that the autumn branches and flowers grown in the four comparative examples after the autumn rain are all frozen to death due to temperature reasons, and there is no sign of continued growth after the beginning of spring; through the above comparison data, the effect of intercropping with paradise grass to inhibit autumn branches and flowers is the best, and the growth rate of branches and flowers is the best in the next year.
[0065] Embodiment 1:
[0066] The 3rd and 4th rows in the No. 2 experimental plot were divided into the first area, the second area and the third area. Amaranthus fulva was planted in the first and third areas, and paradise grass was intercropped in the second area. The new branches, flowers, growth of paradise grass and Amaranthus fulva on the apple tree branches were recorded before the autumn rain. Within one month after the autumn rain, observations were made every ten days and the branches, new branches, flowers and growth of ryegrass of the marked branches were recorded. Within one month after the beginning of spring, observations were made every ten days and the branches, new branches, flowers, growth of paradise grass and Amaranthus fulva on the marked branches were recorded.
[0067] Embodiment 2:
[0068] The 5th and 6th rows in the No. 2 experimental plot were divided into the first area, the second area and the third area. Sowberries were planted in the first and third areas, and paradise grass was intercropped in the second area. The new branches, flowers, growth of paradise grass and sowberries on the apple tree branches were recorded before the autumn rain. Within one month after the autumn rain, observations were made every ten days and the branches, new branches, flowers, growth of paradise grass and sowberries of the marked branches were recorded. Within one month after the beginning of spring, observations were made every ten days and the branches, new branches, flowers and growth of ryegrass of the marked branches were recorded.
[0069] Embodiment three:
[0070] The first and second rows in the No. 3 experimental plot were divided into the first area, the second area and the third area. Astragalus was planted in the first area and the third area. The new branches, flowers and ryegrass growth on the apple tree branches were recorded before the autumn rain. Within one month after the autumn rain, observations were made every ten days and the branches, new branches, flowers, growth of paradise grass and growth of Astragalus were recorded. Within one month after the beginning of spring, observations were made every ten days and the branches, new branches, flowers, growth of paradise grass and growth of Astragalus were recorded.
[0071]
[0072]
[0073]
[0074] Comparative Example 2, Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 are compared with each other. Grass crops are planted in the first and third areas on both sides of the apple trees, and grass plants of the Gramineae or Leguminosae are planted in the second area. Compared with Comparative Example 2 where only paradise grass is intercropped between apple trees, the growth of autumn flowers and autumn branches can be more effectively reduced, and the growth rate of branches and flowers after the beginning of spring is greatly improved.
[0075] In comparative example 2, the growth rates of autumn branches and autumn flowers on the 30th day after the autumn rain were 20% and 25%, respectively, and the growth rates of branches flowering after the beginning of spring were 40% and 50%; in example 1, the growth rates of autumn branches and autumn flowers on the 30th day after the autumn rain were 12.5% and 12.5%, respectively, and the growth rates of branches flowering after the beginning of spring were 55% and 77.5%; in example 2, the growth rates of autumn branches and autumn flowers on the 30th day after the autumn rain were 17.5% and 17.5%, respectively, and the growth rates of branches flowering after the beginning of spring were 45% and 55%; in example 3, the growth rates of autumn branches and autumn flowers on the 30th day after the autumn rain were 17.5% and 12.5%, respectively, and the growth rates of branches flowering after the beginning of spring were 47.5% and 60%; through comparison of the above data, in example 1, planting Amaranthus fuliginosa on both sides of the fruit trees and intercropping Paradise Grass between them has the best effect in inhibiting autumn flowers and autumn branches after the autumn rain, and the branches and flowering are best in the second year.
[0076] The inventor conducted another statistics on the above experiments in 2024. Due to the heavy rainfall in Ningxia in the autumn of 2024, the intercropped apple trees grew significantly fewer autumn flowers and autumn branches than the non-intercropped apple trees, and this was particularly obvious through intercropping of Amaranthus chinensis and Grass of Paradise.
[0077] The above-described embodiments only express the way of equipment layout of the present application, and the description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent application; it should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several adjustments and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which all belong to the scope of protection of the present application; therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of this application shall be based on the attached claims.
Claims
1. An apple planting method, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step S10, regional division: Divide the orchard that has existed for no less than one year into a fruit tree planting area and an intercropping area. The fruit tree planting area and the intercropping area are arranged at intervals, and the width of the intercropping area is not less than twice the width of the fruit tree planting area; Step S20, field treatment; Weed, fertilize and turn over the soil in the orchard; Step S30, field planting; Step S31, transplant or plant fruit trees in the fruit tree planting area; Step S32, divide the intercropping area into a first area, a second area and a third area. The first area and the third area are distributed on both sides of the fruit tree planting area, and the second area is distributed between the first area and the third area on one side adjacent to the fruit tree planting area. Plant grass crops in the first area and the third area, and plant grass plants of the gramineous or leguminous family in the second area; Step S40, field management: Step S41, fix the branches of the fruit trees to both sides to form a "Feng" shape, and protect the new buds of the branches according to the seasonal temperature; Step S42, water and fertilize the fruit tree planting area and the plant planting area by means of fertilization and irrigation.
2. The apple planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S32, the grass crops planted in the first area and the third area are at least one of Amaranthus viridis, Sonchus oleraceus, and Astragalus membranaceus.
3. The apple planting method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The grass crops planted in the first area and the third area are Amaranthus viridis.
4. The apple planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S32, the gramineous grass plants planted in the second area are at least one of Bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon, Lolium perenne, and Zoysia japonica.
5. The apple planting method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The gramineous grass plants planted in the second area are Bermudagrass.
6. The apple planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S20, after turning over the soil, set a permeable reflective film in the fruit tree planting area to reflect sunlight and reduce the water loss in the fruit tree planting area.
7. The apple planting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Drip irrigation devices are arranged on both sides of the permeable reflective film, and the drip irrigation devices are parallel to the length direction of the fruit tree planting area.