Field root division irrigation seeding method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland management, and particularly relates to a field root division irrigation sowing method which comprises the following steps: S1, ridging with sufficient moisture: ridging after raining or deep ploughing ridging is carried out in the field in the sowing period, and grooves are formed between ridges; s2, sowing: sowing seeds on the ridges; s3, irrigation in the growth period of the crops: supplementing water in the soil by means of rainfall in rainy seasons, and performing trench-separated irrigation in the trenches in dry seasons. According to the irrigation seeding method, the water utilization rate of crops can be increased, water is saved, the growth redundancy of the crops is reduced, and the yield of the crops can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland management, and in particular relates to a field root division irrigation sowing method. Background Art

[0002] The process of crop planting requires sufficient water to ensure the normal growth of crops. Traditional planting methods mostly use groundwater extraction and flooding to provide water for crops. With the rise of environmental awareness and the gradual emergence of ecological problems, improving water use efficiency while ensuring normal crop yields will help protect the ecological environment and reduce groundwater exploitation. Therefore, how to combine crop yields with efficient water use is an urgent problem that technicians in this field need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a field root division irrigation and sowing method, which can improve the utilization rate of water by crops, save water and reduce crop growth redundancy, and help to increase crop yield.

[0004] The specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A field root irrigation sowing method, the key is that it includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Ridge making with sufficient moisture: Ridge making after rain or deep plowing is carried out in the field during the sowing period, and furrows are formed between the ridges;

[0007] S2, sowing: sowing seeds on ridges;

[0008] S3. Irrigation during the growing season: During the rainy season, the moisture in the soil is replenished with the help of rainfall, and during the dry season, irrigation is carried out in the furrows.

[0009] In the step S2, planting grooves are opened on the ridges before sowing, and seeds are sown in the planting grooves.

[0010] In the step S1, after ridge formation, ground film is laid on the ridge, and a gap is formed between the bottom of the ground film and the bottom of the groove.

[0011] In the step S1, when forming ridges, first small ridges are formed in the field, then the surface of the small ridges is pressed down to form seepage-proof and pressed ridges, and finally loose soil is covered on the seepage-proof and pressed ridges to form loose planting ridges for crop growth.

[0012] The grooves include dry grooves and irrigation grooves arranged alternately. The operation of irrigating in the irrigation grooves in the dry season in step S3 includes the following steps:

[0013] S3a, before irrigation, an irrigation mechanism is set up in the field, the irrigation mechanism includes a water supply pipe and a reservoir, and the reservoir is matched with the irrigation ditch;

[0014] S3b, open the water supply pipe, so that the water supply pipe injects equal volumes of water into each reservoir, and close the water supply pipe;

[0015] S3c. Open the water reservoirs to allow the water in each reservoir to flow into the corresponding irrigation ditch.

[0016] The water reservoir is provided with a drainage pipe connected with the water inlet end of the irrigation ditch, and the drainage pipe is provided with a drainage valve. The water injection end of the water reservoir is connected with the water outlet pipe on the water supply pipe, and the water outlet pipe is opened and closed by means of a water level switch. The water supply pipe is provided with a main valve.

[0017] The irrigation mechanism also includes a driving assembly, and the drainage valve is a valve plate hinged on the drainage pipe, and the valve plate is opened and closed with the help of the driving assembly.

[0018] The drain pipe includes a front drain pipe and a rear drain pipe which are connected to the water inlet end of each irrigation ditch in sequence. The drain valve includes a front valve plate and a rear valve plate. The front valve plate is fixedly connected to the first hinge shaft and is hinged to the front drain pipe by means of the first hinge shaft. The rear valve plate is fixedly connected to the second hinge shaft and is hinged to the rear drain pipe by means of the second hinge shaft. The driving assembly includes a driving shaft, a swing arm, a connecting rod and a linkage unit. A driving plate is fixedly connected to the first hinge shaft. The driving shaft is fixedly connected to the swing arm. The swing arm, the connecting rod and the driving plate are hinged in sequence. The second hinge shaft is transmission-connected to the swing arm by means of the linkage unit.

[0019] The linkage unit comprises a cross bar and a push rod. The cross bar is connected to the driving plate and realizes transmission connection with the swing arm by means of the driving plate. One end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the second hinge shaft, and the other end is hinged to the cross bar.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: trenches are opened to form ridges and crops are sown on the ridges, irrigation is performed at intervals between the trenches, and the trenches are divided into irrigation trenches and dry trenches arranged at intervals, and the root systems of the crops on the ridges grow downward, and half of the root system is in the wet area to absorb water, thereby ensuring that the crops have enough water for normal production, and the other half of the root system is stressed in the dry area, and drought promotes the root system of the crops to grow deep, and regulates the stomata opening of the crop leaves, thereby improving the crop's water utilization efficiency, and effectively reducing crop growth redundancy and increasing crop yield;

[0021] By using irrigation mechanisms to irrigate alternate furrows in the fields, the same amount of water can be supplied to each irrigation ditch, preventing excessive or insufficient irrigation, reducing runoff while preventing crops from lacking water, improving the crop's utilization of water, and helping crops maintain the same growth state, thereby further increasing crop yields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the field irrigation sowing method of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the irrigation mechanism;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the drainage status of the irrigation mechanism;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a soil sampling process in a specific embodiment;

[0026] Figure 5 is the soil moisture content of the profile at three periods in a specific embodiment;

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a root sampling process in a specific embodiment;

[0028] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of root phenotype in a specific embodiment;

[0029] In the attached drawings, 1, dry ditch, 2, irrigation ditch, 3, reservoir, 4, drain valve, 5, water supply pipe, 6, outlet pipe, 7, water level switch, 8, front drain pipe, 9, rear drain pipe, 10, front valve plate, 11, rear valve plate, 12, driving shaft, 13, swing arm, 14, connecting rod, 15, driving plate, 16, cross bar, 17, push rod, 18, seepage-proof suppression ridge, 19, loose planting ridge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0031] Specific implementation examples Figure 1 As shown, the present invention relates to a field root division irrigation sowing method, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1. Ridging with sufficient moisture: Ridging is carried out in the field after rain during the sowing period. If there is no rainfall during the sowing period, deep plowing and ridge formation are carried out on the field soil, and the deep wet soil is turned out into ridges to ensure that the soil moisture meets the requirements for germination; after ridge formation, grooves are formed between the ridges; in this embodiment, it is preferred to press a planting groove on the top of the ridge, and cover the top of the ridge with a ground film, and the bottom of the ground film and the bottom of the groove are arranged with a gap, that is, the bottom of the groove is not covered with a ground film; the cross-section of the groove is conical, and after rainfall, rainwater can quickly gather to the bottom of the groove along the ridge slope, and the gathered rainwater quickly penetrates into the soil along the bottom of the groove, increasing the soil water storage capacity, and the covering of the ground film improves the utilization rate of rainwater during crop growth; due to the setting of the planting groove, rainwater exerts pressure on the ground film during rainfall, causing the ground film above the planting groove to sink into the planting groove to form a depression, and part of the rainwater is retained in the groove along the ridge slope, and part of the rainwater is accumulated in the planting groove and penetrates into the soil near the root of the crop, further improving the utilization rate of rainwater, which is particularly suitable for rain-fed dryland areas;

[0033] The furrows include dry furrows 1 and irrigation furrows 2 which are arranged alternately.

[0034] When forming ridges, first form small ridges in the field, then suppress the surface of the small ridges to form seepage suppression ridges 18, and finally cover the loose soil on the seepage suppression ridges 18 to form loose planting ridges 19 for crop growth. The covering thickness of the loose soil is greater than 6 cm. The loose planting ridges 19 are used for sowing and root growth of crops. The soil density of the seepage suppression ridges 18 is relatively large. When irrigating in the irrigation ditch 2, the seepage suppression ridges 18 can block the water that penetrates from the side walls of the ridges and promote the water to penetrate downward along the bottom of the irrigation ditch 2, slowing down the speed of water penetration into the dry ditch 3, making the soil water content on both sides of the ridge different, ensuring that one side of the ridge is moist and the other is dry, preventing water from penetrating along the side walls of the ridges to the side of the dry ditch 3. Excessive water makes the soil on the side of the dry ditch 3 on the ridge moist, thereby achieving true root irrigation.

[0035] S2. Sowing: Sow the seeds of crops in the planting troughs on the ridges.

[0036] S3. Irrigation during the growing season of crops: In the rainy season, the moisture in the soil is replenished with the help of rainfall. In case of drought, inter-ditch irrigation is carried out in the furrows. Inter-ditch irrigation is irrigation in the irrigation furrow 2, and no irrigation is carried out in the dry furrow 1 to maintain drought. That is, half of the root system of the crops on the ridge is in the moist area to absorb moisture, and the other half is under stress in the dry area. Drought promotes the root system of the crops to grow deeper, regulates the stomatal opening of the crop leaves, improves the crop's water utilization efficiency, and effectively reduces crop growth redundancy.

[0037] This embodiment has a good effect in digging furrows and forming ridges before sowing to ensure sufficient soil moisture and in irrigating the furrows to supplement water during the subsequent drought and water shortage period. The field root division irrigation sowing method disclosed in the present invention is used to plant corn. Soil samples are taken at the seedling stage of corn plants and 1 day and 8 days after irrigation during the drought period of the soil. The soil moisture content in spatial distribution is measured. With corn as the center, samples are taken every 5 cm on both sides along the direction perpendicular to the water channel, for a total of 0.5m. Samples are taken every 5 cm on the vertical section, for a total of 0.6m. The sampling depth is 5 cm. A total of 120 soil samples are taken under each corn plant. Figure 4 As shown in Figure 2, the soil moisture content was measured by drying method. Figure 5As shown in the figure, during the emergence period of corn, the soil tillage layer has a high soil moisture content, with a mass moisture content of 17%-20%, ensuring the emergence of corn; irrigation in irrigation ditch 2 during the drought period effectively increases the soil moisture content on one side, with the soil moisture content on the drought side at 10%-14% and the soil moisture content on the irrigation side at 12%-18%, providing moisture for subsequent corn growth. The irrigation in irrigation ditch 2 is about 70mm, which reduces unnecessary evaporation and leakage of flood irrigation, and reduces water consumption by about 58% compared to flood irrigation of 50mm. To measure the root phenotype in spatial distribution, with corn as the center, the entire soil profile with a complete root system is obtained through a customized nail board, such as Figure 6 As shown, the roots were then washed and scanned, and finally the root system was characterized and analyzed using the root system analysis software RhizoVisionExplorer. The results showed that Figure 7 As shown, the roots grow toward the irrigated side to absorb water, and the root biomass on the irrigated side is 2.3 times that of the non-irrigated side.

[0038] The specific steps of irrigation in this embodiment are:

[0039] Before irrigation, set up irrigation mechanisms in the field, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the irrigation mechanism includes a water supply pipe 5 and a water reservoir 3, and the water reservoir 3 is matched with the irrigation ditch 2;

[0040] S3b, open the water supply pipe 5, so that the water supply pipe 5 injects an equal volume of water into each water reservoir 3, and close the water supply pipe 5;

[0041] S3c, open the water reservoir 3 to allow the water in each water reservoir 3 to flow into the irrigation ditch 2 matched therewith.

[0042] If a water pipe is directly arranged along the arrangement direction of the grooves, and an outlet matching the irrigation ditch 2 is opened on the water pipe for irrigation, the water pressure in the water pipe gradually decreases from the end close to the water source to the end far away from the water source, and the flow rates of each water outlet are inconsistent. The pressure of the water pipe near the water source is the largest, the flow rate of the water outlet close to the water source is the largest, and the flow rate of the water outlet at the end of the water pipe far away from the water source is the smallest. The opening and closing of the water pipe causes inconsistent irrigation volumes in each irrigation ditch 2. On the other hand, since the flow rate of the water outlet at the end far away from the water source is small and the water outlet speed is slow, the water flows slowly in the irrigation ditch 2 during the irrigation process and is easily accumulated in the front part of the irrigation ditch 2, causing the soil in the front part of the irrigation ditch 2 to absorb more water. If it is to be ensured that the soil in the rear part reaches the appropriate soil moisture content, the irrigation time must be extended, causing the seepage volume in the front part of the irrigation ditch 2 to exceed the standard, and the water volume in the irrigation ditch 2 close to the water source exceeds the standard more seriously.

[0043] Therefore, a water reservoir matched with the irrigation ditch 2 is set up, and the amount of water required for each irrigation ditch 2 is calculated according to the soil moisture conditions and the timely soil moisture content. During irrigation, the amount of water required for each irrigation ditch 2 is first injected into the water reservoir 3, and the water in each water reservoir 3 flows into the irrigation ditch 2 matched with each water reservoir 3 at the same time. The water reservoir 2 is opened, and the water pressure in the water reservoir 2 is relatively large. The water flows out of the water reservoir 2 quickly into the irrigation ditch 2 and flows smoothly in the irrigation ditch 2, effectively reducing the difference in seepage between the front and rear sections of the irrigation ditch 2. The irrigation amount in each irrigation ditch 2 is the same, which effectively avoids large differences in the irrigation amount in each irrigation ditch 2, prevents excessive or insufficient irrigation in the irrigation ditch 2, saves water and helps to maintain consistent growth status of field crops.

[0044] Furthermore, the water reservoir 3 is provided with a drainage pipe connected to the water inlet end of the irrigation ditch 2, and a drainage valve 4 is provided on the drainage pipe. The water injection end of the water reservoir 3 is connected to the water outlet pipe 6 on the water supply pipe 5, and the water outlet pipe 6 is opened and closed by means of a water level switch 7. A main valve is provided on the water supply pipe 5. During irrigation, the main valve on the water supply pipe 5 is opened, and the water supply pipe 5 supplies water to each water reservoir 3. The water in the water supply pipe 5 flows into the water reservoir 3 through the water outlet pipe 6. When the water level switch 7 detects that the water level in the water reservoir 3 meets the standard, the water level switch 7 automatically closes the water outlet pipe 6, and the water outlet pipe 6 corresponding to the water level switch 7 no longer discharges water to the outside; when all the water level switches 7 are closed, the main valve on the water supply pipe 5 is closed, and then the drainage valves 4 on each drainage pipe are opened, so that an equal amount of water in the water reservoir 3 flows into each irrigation ditch 2 along each drainage pipe.

[0045] Preferably, the irrigation mechanism further includes a driving assembly, the drain valve is a valve plate hinged on the drain pipe, the valve plate is opened and closed by the driving assembly, and the valve plate is driven to rotate by the driving assembly to open the drain pipe for drainage. A sealing strip matching the valve plate is provided at the end of the drain pipe, and the valve plate is tightly fitted with the sealing strip when closed to prevent water in the water storage tank 3 from leaking out.

[0046] Furthermore, the drain pipe includes a front drain pipe 8 and a rear drain pipe 9 which are connected to the water inlet end of each irrigation ditch 2 in sequence, the front drain pipe 8 and the rear drain pipe 9 are arranged on each water reservoir 3 in sequence, the drain valve includes a front valve plate 10 and a rear valve plate 11, the front valve plate 10 is fixedly connected to the first hinge shaft and is hinged to the front drain pipe 8 by means of the first hinge shaft, the rear valve plate 11 is fixedly connected to the second hinge shaft and is hinged to the rear drain pipe 9 by means of the second hinge shaft, the driving assembly includes a driving shaft 12, a swing arm 13, a connecting rod 14 and a linkage unit, a driving plate 15 is fixedly connected to the first hinge shaft, the driving shaft 12 is fixedly connected to the swing arm 13, the swing arm 13, the connecting rod 14 and the driving plate 15 are hinged in sequence, the second hinge shaft is transmission-connected to the swing arm 13 by means of the linkage unit, and the second hinge shaft rotates synchronously with the first hinge shaft. The swing arm 13 is arranged perpendicularly to the axis of the driving shaft 12. When the driving rod 12 rotates, the swing arm 13 swings around the driving shaft 12. One end of the swing arm 13 is hinged to the connecting rod 14. The swing arm 13 pushes the driving plate 15 with the help of the connecting rod 14, so that the driving plate 15 drives the first hinge shaft and the front valve plate 10 to rotate around the axis of the first hinge shaft. The front valve plate 10 opens, and the water in the water reservoir 3 connected to the front drainage pipe 8 is discharged into the irrigation ditch 2 along the front drainage pipe 8. Due to the provision of a linkage unit, when the first hinge shaft rotates, the linkage unit causes the second hinge shaft to rotate synchronously, so that the rear valve plate 11 on the rear drainage pipe 9 is opened synchronously, and the synchronous drainage of each water reservoir 3 can be achieved in one operation. The power input end of the driving shaft 12 is connected to a hand wheel or to a motor, and the driving shaft 12 is driven to rotate manually or by a motor. In this embodiment, the driving shaft 12 is driven to rotate by manually rotating the hand wheel.

[0047] Furthermore, the linkage unit includes a cross bar 16 and a push rod 17. The cross bar 16 is connected to the drive plate 15 and is connected to the swing arm 13 by means of the drive plate 15. One end of the push rod 17 is fixedly connected to the second hinge shaft, and the other end is hinged to the cross bar 16. The second hinge shaft is connected to the swing arm 13 by means of the push rod 17, the cross bar 16 and the drive plate 15. When the swing arm 13 swings, the drive plate 15 drives the first hinge shaft to rotate and simultaneously pushes the cross bar 16 to move. During the movement of the cross bar 16, the push rod 17 is driven to swing, so that the second hinge shaft and the rear valve plate 11 are opened synchronously, thereby realizing Each irrigation ditch 2 is irrigated synchronously and equally, and in the initial stage when the front valve plate 10 and the rear valve plate 11 are opened, the water pressure in the water reservoir 3 is relatively large. Under the action of the water pressure, the flow rate of the drainage pipe is large, and the newly discharged water continues to push the water that has entered the irrigation ditch 2 forward, ensuring that there is enough water in the rear section of the irrigation ditch 2. As the drainage time increases, the water pressure in the water reservoir 3 decreases, the flow rate of the drainage pipe decreases, the water flow speed slows down, the driving effect of the water decreases, and part of the water remains in the front section of the irrigation ditch 2, which helps to evenly infiltrate the soil in the front and rear sections of the irrigation ditch 2, further improving the consistency of crop growth.

Claims

1. A field root irrigation sowing method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Ridge making with sufficient moisture: Ridge making after rain or deep plowing is carried out in the field during the sowing period, and furrows are formed between the ridges; S2, sowing: sowing seeds on ridges; S3. Irrigation during the growing season: During the rainy season, the moisture in the soil is replenished with the help of rainfall, and during the dry season, irrigation is carried out in the furrows.

2. A field root division irrigation sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, planting grooves are opened on the ridges before sowing, and seeds are sown in the planting grooves.

3. A field root division irrigation sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, after ridge formation, ground film is laid on the ridge, and a gap is formed between the bottom of the ground film and the bottom of the groove.

4. A field root division irrigation sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, when forming ridges, firstly, small ridges are formed in the field, then the surface of the small ridges is pressed to form seepage-proof and pressed ridges (18), and finally, loose soil is covered on the seepage-proof and pressed ridges (18) to form loose planting ridges (19) for crop growth.

5. A field root division irrigation sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grooves include dry grooves (1) and irrigation grooves (2) arranged alternately. The operation of irrigating in the irrigation grooves (2) during the dry season in step S3 includes the following steps: S3a, before irrigation, an irrigation mechanism is set up in the field, the irrigation mechanism comprising a water supply pipe (5) and a water reservoir (3), and the water reservoir (3) is matched with the irrigation ditch (2); S3b, opening the water supply pipe (5) so that the water supply pipe (5) injects an equal volume of water into each water reservoir (3), and closing the water supply pipe (5); S3c, opening the water reservoir (3) to allow the water in each water reservoir (3) to flow into the irrigation ditch (2) matched therewith.

6. A field root division irrigation sowing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water reservoir (3) is provided with a drainage pipe connected to the water inlet end of the irrigation ditch (2), and the drainage pipe is provided with a drainage valve (4). The water injection end of the water reservoir (3) is connected to the water outlet pipe (6) on the water supply pipe (5), and the water outlet pipe (6) is opened and closed by means of a water level switch (7). The water supply pipe (5) is provided with a main valve.

7. A field root division irrigation sowing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The irrigation mechanism also includes a driving assembly, and the drainage valve is a valve plate hinged on the drainage pipe, and the valve plate is opened and closed with the help of the driving assembly.

8. A field root division irrigation sowing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drainage pipe comprises a front drainage pipe (8) and a rear drainage pipe (9) which are sequentially connected to the water inlet ends of each irrigation ditch (2); the drainage valve comprises a front valve plate (10) and a rear valve plate (11); the front valve plate (10) is fixedly connected to a first hinge shaft and is hinged to the front drainage pipe (8) by means of the first hinge shaft; the rear valve plate (11) is fixedly connected to a second hinge shaft and is hinged to the rear drainage pipe (9) by means of the second hinge shaft; the driving assembly comprises a driving shaft (12), a swing arm (13), a connecting rod (14) and a linkage unit; a driving plate (15) is fixedly connected to the first hinge shaft; the driving shaft (12) is fixedly connected to the swing arm (13); the swing arm (13), the connecting rod (14) and the driving plate (15) are hinged in sequence; and the second hinge shaft is transmission-connected to the swing arm (13) by means of the linkage unit.

9. A field root division irrigation sowing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The linkage unit comprises a cross bar (16) and a push rod (17); the cross bar (16) is connected to the driving plate (15) and is connected to the swing arm (13) by means of the driving plate (15); one end of the push rod (17) is fixedly connected to the second hinge shaft, and the other end is hinged to the cross bar (16).

Images