Cultivation method for improving growth of leaf vegetables by co-breeding earthworms
By using co-raising earthworms in vegetable greenhouses and using vermicompost instead of chemical fertilizers, the problem of excessive use of chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of leafy vegetables in the existing technology has been solved, and the cultivation of healthy organic vegetables and the effective utilization of earthworms has been achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411986720.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-18
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, excessive use of chemical fertilizers when cultivating leafy vegetables will lead to environmental pollution and waste of resources.
By using co-raising earthworms in vegetable greenhouses, vermicompost is used instead of fertilizers, as organic nutrients required for leafy vegetables growth.
It is achieved without using organic fertilizer to cultivate healthy organic vegetables and produce mature earthworms that can be used in food and feed, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and environmental pollution.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and in particular relates to a cultivation method for improving the growth of leafy vegetables by co-culturing earthworms. Background Art
[0002] Leafy vegetables are rich in nutrients and minerals and are the main vegetables supplied to the fast food industry. With the increasing demand for vegetables, vegetable cultivation in facilities has been widely used in production due to its safe and efficient production management. In the existing technology, the adjustment of the light environment in the facility and the application of fertilizers are effective ways to improve the efficiency of vegetable production.
[0003] Earthworms are not only widely used, but also have rich nutritional value. The protein content is 70%, rich in various amino acids necessary for the human body. The lysine content is 3.9 times that of beef and 4.6 times that of pork. In addition, earthworms are also rich in vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin E, various minerals and sugars. They can be used as high-protein food for people and as high-quality feed for livestock and poultry. Earthworms have a wide range of medical uses. They are often used as antipyretics, tonics and diuretics. Active peptides with disease resistance and growth-promoting functions and highly active phytase can also be isolated from earthworms. In addition, the most common use of earthworms is to treat various organic garbage and wastes, and produce high-quality organic fertilizers while improving the environment.
[0004] In the method of vegetable cultivation, there are few technologies that use earthworm manure to replace chemical fertilizers, and the technology is very imperfect. Therefore, it is an important research technology to use earthworm manure as organic fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizers to cultivate organic vegetables and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Summary of the invention
[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for improving the growth of leafy vegetables by co-culturing earthworms, so as to solve the problem of excessive use of chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of leafy vegetables in the background art.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
[0007] The present invention discloses a cultivation method for improving the growth of leafy vegetables by co-culturing earthworms, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
[0008] (1) Site selection and land preparation
[0009] In the vegetable greenhouse, choose a vegetable field with suitable humidity, level the field, break up the soil, divide it, pour the soil, etc. to complete multiple piles of single leafy vegetables.
[0010] (2) Loading and planting
[0011] Bury the fertilizer in the pile of leafy vegetables, and place 0.5-0.8Kg / m2 of earthworm seeds on the pile. The weight of earthworm seeds is 0.3-0.4g / piece; sprinkle vegetable seeds evenly on the pile. During the growth process of earthworm seeds and vegetables, moisture and temperature need to be controlled by watering.
[0012] The fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: mushroom residue, poultry manure and EM bacteria.
[0013] The fertilizer is mixed and decomposed for 15-20 days in advance.
[0014] (3) Management methods
[0015] S1: As the leafy vegetable seeds grow, according to the temperature and lighting in the vegetable greenhouse, the greenhouse is opened on sunny days for illumination, and the greenhouse is covered on rainy days to prevent the vegetables from being damaged by strong winds and heavy rains;
[0016] S2: Monitor humidity. Monitor the humidity in the soil pile every day. The method of cultivating earthworms is to replenish moisture by watering.
[0017] (4) Harvesting
[0018] Vegetables are harvested when they are edible. After harvesting, the soil on top of the pile is simply leveled and poured before sowing the next round of leafy vegetable seeds for planting.
[0019] Earthworms produce earthworm castings during their growth process, which serve as organic nutrients needed for the growth of vegetables. Finally, when the earthworms grow and mature, the vegetables are harvested and then the earthworms are harvested.
[0020] In the present invention, the mushroom residue accounts for 5%-10% of the raw materials, the poultry manure accounts for 15%-20%, the EM bacteria accounts for 1%, and the rest is water. In the present invention, the method for cultivating earthworms includes the following steps:
[0021] A. Egg-laying period: The earthworms enter the egg-laying period after 14-18 days of growth. During the egg-laying period, the humidity of the pile is maintained at 60%-70% for 20-30 days;
[0022] B. Incubation period: After the egg-laying period, earthworms enter the incubation period. During the incubation period, the humidity of the pile is maintained at 75%-85%, which lasts for 20-30 days.
[0023] C. Growth period: Sample and measure the weight of young earthworms. If the weight of young earthworms is less than 0.1g / earth, maintain the humidity of the pile at 75%-85%; if the weight of young earthworms is greater than 0.1g / earth, maintain the humidity of the pile at 60%-70%.
[0024] Furthermore, in the present invention, the humidity monitoring is to measure the humidity in the pile in real time through a humidity sensor, and the humidity is changed by using a sprinkler truck.
[0025] Furthermore, in the present invention, the earthworm species is Japanese Taiping No. 2.
[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0027] 1. The present invention co-cultivates vegetables and earthworms. During the growth of vegetables, no organic fertilizer is applied. Earthworms produce a large amount of earthworm castings during their growth, and the earthworm castings replace organic fertilizers. Finally, healthy organic vegetables are cultivated.
[0028] 2. The present invention cultivates vegetables without using organic fertilizers, and further cultivates mature earthworms. Earthworms can be used as high-protein food for people, as high-quality feed for livestock and poultry, and can also be used to treat various organic garbage and waste. Therefore, the design of the present invention has great investment value and promotion significance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0030] Example
[0031] A cultivation method for improving the growth of leafy vegetables by co-culturing earthworms, the cultivation method comprising the following steps:
[0032] (1) Site selection and land preparation
[0033] In the vegetable greenhouse, a vegetable field with suitable humidity was selected, and the vegetable field was leveled, broken, divided, and soil was poured to complete 6 arranged single leaf vegetable field piles, and the 6 leaf vegetable field piles were numbered as Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, and Z6. Fertilizer or organic fertilizer was added to Z1-Z6 for experimental comparison.
[0034] (2) Loading and planting
[0035] Bury the fertilizer in the leafy vegetable pile, and place 0.5-0.8Kg / m2 of earthworm seeds on the pile. The earthworm seeds are Japan Taiping No. 2. The weight of the earthworm seeds is 0.3-0.4g / piece. Sprinkle the vegetable seeds evenly on the pile. During the growth process of the earthworm seeds and vegetables, watering is needed to control humidity and temperature.
[0036] The fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: mushroom residue, poultry manure and EM bacteria.
[0037] The fertilizer is mixed and decomposed for 15-20 days in advance.
[0038] (3) Management methods
[0039] S1: As the leafy vegetable seeds grow, the greenhouse is opened on sunny days according to the temperature and lighting in the vegetable greenhouse.
[0040] Provide light and cover the greenhouse on rainy days to prevent vegetables from being damaged by strong winds and heavy rains;
[0041] S2: Monitor humidity. Monitor the humidity in the soil pile every day. The method of cultivating earthworms is to replenish moisture by watering. Monitor humidity. The humidity in the pile is measured in real time by a humidity sensor. The method of changing humidity is to use a sprinkler.
[0042] Wherein, the method for cultivating earthworms comprises the following steps:
[0043] A. Egg-laying period: The earthworms enter the egg-laying period after 14-18 days of growth. During the egg-laying period, the humidity of the pile is maintained at 60%-70% for 20-30 days;
[0044] B. Incubation period: After the egg-laying period, earthworms enter the incubation period. During the incubation period, the humidity of the pile is maintained at 75%-85%, which lasts for 20-30 days.
[0045] C. Growth period: Sample and measure the weight of young earthworms. If the weight of young earthworms is less than 0.1g / earth, maintain the humidity of the pile at 75%-85%; if the weight of young earthworms is greater than 0.1g / earth, maintain the humidity of the pile at 60%-70%.
[0046] (4) Harvesting
[0047] The vegetables are harvested when they are edible. After harvesting the vegetables, the soil on top of the pile is simply leveled and poured.
[0048] Proceed with the next planting of leafy vegetable seeds.
[0049] Earthworms produce earthworm castings during their growth process, which serve as organic nutrients needed for the growth of vegetables. Finally, when the earthworms grow and mature, the vegetables are harvested and then the earthworms are harvested.
[0050] According to the above embodiment, 6 leafy vegetable piles were designed, the above-mentioned vegetable species was Chinese cabbage, and the following Table 1 was obtained through experiments.
[0051] Table 1
[0052]
[0053] After the Chinese cabbage grows to maturity, the evaluation criteria are as follows:
[0054] Chinese cabbage: tightly packed, no leaf stalks, no green leaves, no flying leaves, no insects, no rot, no intestines. Single plant
[0055] It weighs about 1.25 kg.
[0056] Grade 1: The outer leaves are light green with white tips, the leaves are fresh and shiny, the plant height is about 30cm, the core is firm and tight, and the outer leaves are removed.
[0057] Level 2: The outer leaves are white, fresh and shiny, the plant height is about 20cm, it is oval in shape, and the outer leaves are removed.
[0058] Level 3: The outer leaves are light green with white tips, the leaves are fresh and shiny, the plant height is about 40cm, the core is firm and tight, and the outer leaves are removed.
[0059] After the earthworms grow to maturity, their weight is generally between 0.8g and 1.2g per worm. The sizes of the earthworms bred by Z1-Z6 are shown in Table 2 below.
[0060] The size of the earthworms can be identified by visual observation, or by weighing 50 earthworms as a representative. In this embodiment, the size of the earthworms is represented by weight, that is, 50 earthworms are collected from Z1-Z6 respectively.
[0061] Table 2:
[0062] Z1 Weight(g) Z2 Weight(g) Z3 Weight(g) 50 items 52 50 items 58 50 items 43 Z4 Weight(g) Z5 Weight(g) Z6 Weight(g) 50 items 40 50 items 45 50 items 38
[0063] In summary, the present invention uses a method for co-cultivation of earthworms and Chinese cabbage. It can be concluded from Table 1 and Table 2 that in the raw materials, by mass percentage, mushroom residue accounts for 5%-10%, poultry manure accounts for 15%-20%, EM bacteria accounts for 1%, and the rest is water, which is the best, which is specifically reflected in the vegetable growth level and earthworm weight. Although the level of vegetable growth is also level one when using organic fertilizer, the weight of co-cultivated earthworms is significantly lower than Z1-Z5. Moreover, the use of organic fertilizer not only increases the cost, but the output vegetables are not organic vegetables. From a long-term perspective, it will affect people's health and will not be recognized by the market.
[0064] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for improving the growth of leafy vegetables by co-culturing earthworms, characterized in that: The cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1) Site selection and land preparation In the vegetable greenhouse, select a vegetable field with suitable humidity, level, break up, divide, and pour the soil to complete multiple piles of single leafy vegetables; (2) Loading and planting The fertilizer is buried in the leafy vegetable pile, and 0.5-0.8 kg / m2 of earthworm seeds are placed on the pile. The weight of the earthworm seeds is 0.3-0.4 g / piece. Vegetable seeds are evenly spread on the pile. During the growth of earthworm seeds and vegetables, moisture and temperature need to be controlled by watering. The fertilizer includes the following raw materials: mushroom residue, poultry manure and EM bacteria; The fertilizer is mixed and decomposed for 15-20 days in advance; (3) Management methods S1: As the leafy vegetable seeds grow, according to the temperature and lighting in the vegetable greenhouse, the greenhouse is opened on sunny days for illumination, and the greenhouse is covered on rainy days to prevent the vegetables from being damaged by strong winds and heavy rains; S2: Monitor humidity. Monitor the humidity in the soil pile every day. The method of cultivating earthworms is to replenish moisture by watering. (4) Harvesting The vegetables are harvested when they are edible. After harvesting the vegetables, the soil on top of the pile is simply leveled and poured. Carry out the next planting of leafy vegetable seeds; Earthworms produce earthworm castings during their growth process, which serve as organic nutrients needed for the growth of vegetables. Finally, when the earthworms grow and mature, the vegetables are harvested and then the earthworms are harvested.
2. The method for improving the growth of leafy vegetables by co-culturing earthworms according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the raw materials, by mass percentage, the mushroom residue accounts for 5%-10%, the poultry manure accounts for 15%-20%, and the EM bacteria accounts for 1%.
3. The method for improving the growth of leafy vegetables by co-culturing earthworms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for cultivating earthworms comprises the following steps: A. Egg-laying period: The earthworms enter the egg-laying period after 14-18 days of growth. During the egg-laying period, the humidity of the pile is maintained at 60%-70% for 20-30 days; B. Incubation period: After the egg-laying period, earthworms enter the incubation period. During the incubation period, the humidity of the pile is maintained at 75%-85%, which lasts for 20-30 days. C. Growth period: Sample and measure the weight of young earthworms. If the weight of young earthworms is less than 0.1g / earth, maintain the humidity of the pile at 75%-85%; if the weight of young earthworms is greater than 0.1g / earth, maintain the humidity of the pile at 60%-70%.
4. The method for improving the growth of leafy vegetables by co-culturing earthworms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humidity monitoring method measures the humidity in the pile in real time through a humidity sensor, and the humidity is changed by using a sprinkler truck.
5. The method for improving the growth of leafy vegetables by co-culturing earthworms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The earthworm species is Japanese Taiping No. 2.