Silage composition containing gramineous forage grass and medicago sativa and preparation method of silage composition

Abstract

The invention discloses a silage composition containing gramineous forage grass and alfalfa and a preparation method of the silage composition, and belongs to the technical field of forage grass processing. The preparation method of the silage composition comprises the following steps: cutting fresh gramineous pasture and alfalfa with proper maturity; cutting the cut gramineous forage grass and medicago sativa to 2-3cm, and uniformly mixing the gramineous forage grass and the medicago sativa in proportion to obtain a mixed raw material; uniformly mixing the mixed raw materials with a feed additive, filling into a silage pit, and sealing, storing and fermenting to obtain the silage composition containing the gramineous pasture and the medicago sativa. The invention discloses an ensiling composition containing gramineous forage grass and alfalfa and a preparation method thereof, the ensiling composition has high fermentation quality and nutritional value, and can meet nutritional requirements of ruminants in high altitude areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of forage processing, and particularly relates to a silage composition containing gramineous forage and alfalfa and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In animal husbandry, silage is an important source of feed, especially in high-altitude areas such as Tibet. Due to the special geographical location and climatic conditions, natural forage resources are scarce, and due to factors such as short growing season and changeable climate, the utilization rate of forage resources is low. This seriously restricts the high-quality development of local animal husbandry, especially in winter and spring, when livestock often face the problem of feed shortage. Traditional ensiling methods often fail to meet the needs of ruminants for high-quality feed, especially in terms of protein and energy content. Therefore, the development of a new silage composition and its preparation method that can improve the fermentation quality and nutritional value of silage is of great practical significance for improving forage utilization and promoting the sustainable development of animal husbandry.

[0003] Gramineae forage and alfalfa, as common cultivated forages in Tibet, have different nutritional characteristics and growth characteristics. Gramineae forages, such as green wheat grass and alkali grass, are cold-resistant, drought-resistant, fast-growing, and high-yield, but their crude protein content is relatively low. Alfalfa, as a leguminous forage, is rich in protein and amino acids, but due to its high buffering energy and low water-soluble carbohydrate content, it is not easy to succeed in ensiling alone. Therefore, mixing Gramineae forage with alfalfa in an appropriate proportion for ensiling can not only improve the fermentation quality of silage, but also effectively improve the nutritional value of forage. However, existing ensiling technologies often lack precise control over the mixing ratio, use of additives, and fermentation conditions, resulting in uneven fermentation quality and nutritional value of silage. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a silage composition containing gramineous forage grass and alfalfa and a preparation method thereof. The silage composition has high fermentation quality and nutritional value and can meet the nutritional needs of ruminants in high-altitude areas.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for preparing a silage composition containing gramineous forage grass and alfalfa comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Raw material selection: fresh and mature grass and alfalfa;

[0008] S2, cutting the grass and alfalfa cut in step S1 into short pieces of 2-3 cm, and mixing them evenly according to proportion to obtain a mixed raw material;

[0009] S3, uniformly mixing the mixed raw material obtained in step S2 with the feed additive, loading into a silo, sealing and storing for fermentation, and obtaining a silage composition containing gramineous forage grass and alfalfa.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, the grass is selected from one of green wheatgrass and Elymus salsa.

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, the mixing ratio of grass and alfalfa is 7-8:3-2.

[0012] Preferably, the feed additive is selected from one or two of molasses, a compound lactic acid bacteria preparation or soybean meal.

[0013] Preferably, the added amount of the honey is 3%, based on the fresh weight of the mixed raw materials.

[0014] Preferably, the addition amount of the composite lactic acid bacteria preparation is 1×10 6 CFU·g -1 , measured by fresh weight of mixed raw materials.

[0015] Preferably, the composite lactic acid bacteria preparation consists of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus bushi, wherein the mixing ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus bushi is 1:1:1.

[0016] Preferably, the soybean meal is added in an amount of 10%-20% based on the fresh weight of the mixed raw materials.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, the silo fermentation conditions are: fermentation temperature is 20-30° C., and fermentation time is 30-60 days.

[0018] The invention also provides a silage composition containing gramineous forage grass and alfalfa prepared by the preparation method.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0020] The present invention discloses a silage composition containing gramineous forage grass and alfalfa and a preparation method thereof. By accurately controlling the maturity, cutting length, mixing ratio of the raw materials and adding specific additives, high-quality and high-nutritional-value silage is achieved. The silage composition is particularly suitable for the nutritional needs of ruminants in high-altitude areas and can improve production performance and health levels. The preparation method is simple and easy, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly, reducing losses and pollution during the silage process. By optimizing the fermentation conditions, the silage composition of the present invention can better maintain the freshness and nutritional value of the raw materials, reduce feed waste, and improve feed utilization, and has broad application prospects and market potential. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0024] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, other test materials and instruments and equipment are conventional test materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0025] Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus bushi were purchased from Gansu Punuobeikang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0026] Embodiment 1 A preparation method of a silage composition containing green wheat grass and alfalfa comprises the following steps:

[0027] S1. Raw material selection: freshly cut green wheatgrass in the heading stage and alfalfa in the blooming stage;

[0028] S2, cutting the green wheat grass and alfalfa cut in step S1 into short pieces of 2-3 cm, mixing them evenly at a fresh weight ratio of 7:3 to obtain a mixed raw material;

[0029] S3, the mixed raw material obtained in step S2 is mixed with molasses and a composite lactic acid bacteria preparation (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus bushi=1:1:1), wherein the addition amount of molasses is 3%, the addition amount of the composite lactic acid bacteria preparation is 1×10 6 CFU·g -1 , all based on fresh weight. Weigh 3 portions of 1000 g and put them into 40*70 cm polyethylene bags, evacuate and seal them with a vacuum packaging machine (DZD-400, Nanjing Aomitai Technology Co., Ltd.), and store them in a silage pit at 30°C away from light for fermentation for 15, 30, and 60 days respectively.

[0030] Example 2 This example provides a silage composition containing green wheat grass and alfalfa. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that only 3% molasses is added.

[0031] Example 3 This example provides a silage composition containing green wheat grass and alfalfa. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that only 1×10 6 CFU·g -1 Compound lactic acid bacteria preparation.

[0032] Embodiment 4 A silage composition containing Elymus dahliae and alfalfa, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1. Raw material selection: freshly cut Elymus dahliae in the milky stage and alfalfa in the blooming stage;

[0034] S2, cutting the Elymus dahliae and alfalfa cut in step S1 into pieces of 2-3 cm, mixing them evenly at a fresh weight ratio of 7:3 to obtain a mixed raw material;

[0035] S3, the mixed raw material obtained in step S2 is uniformly mixed with molasses and soybean meal, wherein the addition amount of molasses is 3%, and the addition amount of soybean meal is 10%, all based on fresh weight. Weigh 3 portions of 1000g and put them into 40*70cm polyethylene bags respectively, vacuumize and seal with a vacuum packaging machine (DZD-400, Nanjing Aomitai Technology Co., Ltd.), and store in a silage pit at 30°C in dark for fermentation for 15, 30, and 60 days respectively.

[0036] Example 5 This example provides a silage composition containing Elymus dahliae and alfalfa. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 4, except that 15% soybean meal is added.

[0037] Example 6 This example provides a silage composition containing Elymus dahliae and alfalfa. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 4, except that 20% soybean meal is added.

[0038] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a silage composition containing green wheat grass and alfalfa. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that molasses and the composite lactic acid bacteria preparation are not added.

[0039] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a silage composition containing Elymus dahliae and alfalfa, and the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that molasses and the composite lactic acid bacteria preparation are not added.

[0040] The effects of the silage compositions provided in the above examples and comparative examples were verified through the following experiments.

[0041] Chemical composition analysis:

[0042] The silo was opened on the 15th, 30th and 60th days of silage, and all the silage was taken out. After being fully mixed, 50g of sample was weighed in a 250mL conical flask by quartering method, and 150g of deionized water was added. After leaching at 4℃ for 24h, it was filtered with 2 layers of gauze and qualitative filter paper. The obtained liquid was the extract. The extract was placed in a -20℃ refrigerator for testing. The measured indicators were pH value, organic acid, and ammonia nitrogen (AN). Another 10g sample was weighed and placed in a 250mL conical flask, 90mL of sterile saline was added, and the conical flask was placed on a shaker for 45min at a speed of 120rpm. 1mL of the liquid in the conical flask was taken for continuous dilution and used for microbial counting. The remaining liquid was filtered with 4 layers of gauze and stored in a -20℃ refrigerator for DNA extraction. The remaining silage was collected and weighed, and dried in a 65℃ oven to constant weight (>60h). The dried sample was taken out and cooled in a dryer for 30min, and the dry matter (DM) content was measured. The dried sample was crushed through a 1mm sieve and the crude protein (CP), total nitrogen (TN), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were measured.

[0043] The pH value of the sample extract was measured using a pH 211 precision pH meter (HANNA, Italy).

[0044] The total nitrogen content in the sample was determined using a Kjeltec TM2300 fully automatic Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer (Foss, Denmark). The crude protein content was calculated by multiplying the total nitrogen content by 6.25.

[0045] Ammoniacal nitrogen content was determined by the phenol-hypochlorite method.

[0046] The chromatographic analysis was performed using an Agilent 1260 high performance liquid chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, Germany) equipped with a differential detector and a Carbomix H-NP5 column. The mobile phase was 2.5 mmol / L H 2 SO 4 ; Flow rate: 0.5 mL / min; Temperature: 55°C; Saifen Technology Co., Ltd., USA) determined the content of lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and ethanol.

[0047] Neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were measured using ANKOM 200 fiber analyzer (ANKOM Technology Company, USA).

[0048] The water-soluble carbohydrate content was determined by the anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method.

[0049] The buffering capacity of fresh forage was determined by hydrochloric acid-sodium hydroxide titration.

[0050] The plate culture method was used to count the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), aerobic bacteria (Aerobicbacteria) and yeast. Lactic acid bacteria were counted after 48 h of culturing in a constant temperature incubator at 37℃ under anaerobic conditions using MRS (deMan-Rogosa-Sharpe) agar medium; aerobic bacteria were counted after 48 h of culturing in a constant temperature incubator at 30℃ under aerobic conditions using Nutrient agar medium (NA); yeast and mold were counted after 48 h and 72 h of culturing in a constant temperature incubator at 30℃ under aerobic conditions using Potato dextrose agar (PDA). Microbial data were converted into logarithmic form (lg) by colony-forming unit (CFU) and expressed on the basis of fresh weight (FW) (g kg FW).

[0051] The test results are as follows:

[0052] Table 1 Chemical composition and microbial composition of mixed raw materials

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] Note: FW, fresh weight; DM, dry matter; lg, logarithm with base ten; CFU, colony forming unit.

[0056] As shown in Table 1, the dry matter content of wheatgrass and alfalfa mixed at a fresh weight ratio of 7:3 is 357.90 g kg - 1 FW, crude protein content is 74.46 g kg -1 DM, water-soluble carbohydrate content is 93.80 g kg -1 DM, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber are 440.62 g kg -1 DM and 234.21 g kg -1 DM. The number of lactic acid bacteria attached to the surface is 6.23lg CFU·g -1 FW, attached yeast and aerobic bacteria counts were 7.01 lg CFU g -1 FW and 7.30lgCFU·g-1 FW.

[0057] Table 2 Effects of additives on dry matter, water-soluble carbohydrates and ammonia nitrogen content during mixed silage of green wheat grass and alfalfa

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Note: Capital letters indicate significant differences among different silage days in the same treatment (P<0.05), and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same silage days (P<0.05).

[0061] As can be seen from Table 2, additives, silage days and the interaction between the two have significant effects on the water-soluble carbohydrate content and ammonia nitrogen content, and the silage days have a significant effect on the dry matter content. During the entire silage process, the water-soluble carbohydrate content gradually decreased, and Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 were significantly higher than Comparative Example 1, among which the water-soluble carbohydrate content of Example 2 and Example 1 was significantly higher than that of Group L. During the silage process, the ammonia nitrogen content gradually increased with the extension of the silage days. The ammonia nitrogen content of Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 was significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1, among which Example 1 had the lowest ammonia nitrogen content, and there was no obvious difference between Example 2 and Example 3. The dry matter content decreased slightly with the extension of the silage days, and the dry matter content of Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 was higher than that of Comparative Example 1. Among them, Example 2 and Example 1 were significantly higher than Example 3 on the 30th day of silage, and the dry matter content of Example 2 was the highest.

[0062] Table 3 Effects of additives on pH and organic acid content during silage of green wheat grass and alfalfa

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] As shown in Table 3, additives, silage days, and the interaction between the two have significant effects on pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and ethanol content. During the silage process, the lactic acid content gradually increased, and Examples 1, 2, and 3 were significantly higher than Comparative Example 1. The lactic acid content of Example 1 was the highest, followed by Examples 2 and 3. During the entire silage process, the pH gradually decreased, and the pH of Examples 1, 2, and 3 was significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1, wherein the pH of Example 1 on the 15th and 30th days of silage was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of Examples 2 and 3. The acetic acid and propionic acid contents of Examples 1, 2, and 3 were significantly lower than those of Comparative Example 1, wherein the acetic acid content of Examples 1 and 2 was significantly lower than that of Example 3, but there was no significant difference in the propionic acid content between the groups of Examples 1, 2, and 3. During the silage process, the ethanol content gradually decreased, and the ethanol content of Examples 1, 2, and 3 was significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1, wherein the ethanol content of Example 1 was slightly lower than that of Examples 2 and 3.

[0066] Table 4 Effects of additives on the number of microorganisms during mixed silage of green wheat grass and alfalfa

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] Note: Capital letters indicate significant differences among different silage days in the same treatment (P<0.05), and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same silage days (P<0.05).

[0070] As can be seen from Table 4, additives, silage days, and the interaction between the two have a significant effect on the number of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and aerobic bacteria. As the number of silage days increases, the number of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and aerobic bacteria gradually decreases. The number of lactic acid bacteria in Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 is significantly higher than that in Comparative Example 1, wherein the number of lactic acid bacteria in Example 1 is higher than that in Example 2 and Example 3. Throughout the silage process, the number of yeasts in Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 is significantly lower than that in Comparative Example 1. There was no significant difference in the number of yeasts between the groups of Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 on the 15th and 30th days of silage, but on the 60th day of silage, the number of yeasts in Example 1 and Example 3 was significantly lower than that in Example 2. Throughout the silage process, the number of aerobic bacteria decreased significantly with the extension of the silage days. The number of aerobic bacteria in Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 was significantly lower than that in Comparative Example 1, and on the 60th day of silage, the number of aerobic bacteria in Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 was lower than the detection level.

[0071] In summary, compared with Comparative Example 1, the lactic acid content and the number of lactic acid bacteria in Examples 1, 2 and 3 were significantly increased, and the pH, acetic acid, propionic acid, ethanol and ammonia nitrogen contents were significantly reduced, among which the lactic acid content and the number of lactic acid bacteria in Example 1 were significantly higher than those in Examples 2 and 3, and the pH, acetic acid and ammonia nitrogen contents were significantly lower than those in Examples 2 and 3. In summary, adding molasses and lactic acid bacteria alone or in combination can effectively improve the silage fermentation quality, among which the fermentation quality of Example 1 is the best.

[0072] Table 5 Effects of adding soybean meal on dry matter content and chemical components of mixed silage of Elymus dahliae and alfalfa

[0073]

[0074] Note: Capital letters indicate significant differences among different silage days in the same treatment (P<0.05), and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same silage days (P<0.05).

[0075] As shown in Table 5, the addition of soybean meal has a significant effect on the dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrate content during the mixed silage of Elymus salsa and alfalfa, the silage days have a significant effect on the ammonia nitrogen content, and the addition of soybean meal and the silage days and the interaction between the two have a significant effect on the crude protein content. During the silage process, the dry matter content of Example 4, Example 5, and Example 6 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 2. As the proportion of soybean meal added increases, the dry matter content gradually increases, and the dry matter content of Example 6 is significantly higher than that of Example 4 and Example 5. During the entire silage process, the water-soluble carbohydrate content gradually decreases, but there is no significant difference between Example 4, Example 5, Example 6 and the control group. During the silage process, the ammonia nitrogen content gradually increases with the extension of the silage days. The ammonia nitrogen content of Example 4, Example 5, and Example 6 is higher than that of Comparative Example 2, and Example 5 is slightly lower than that of Example 4 and Example 6. During the entire silage process, the crude protein content gradually decreases, and the crude protein content of Example 4, Example 5, and Example 6 is always higher than that of Comparative Example 2, and the crude protein content of Example 6 is significantly higher than that of Example 4 and Example 5.

[0076] Table 6 Effects of adding soybean meal on pH and organic acid content during mixed silage of Elymus dahliae and alfalfa

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] Note: Capital letters indicate significant differences among different silage days in the same treatment (P<0.05), and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same silage days (P<0.05).

[0080] As shown in Table 6, the silage days have a significant effect on the pH value, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and ethanol content during the mixed silage of Elymus salsa and alfalfa, and the addition of soybean meal has a significant effect on the lactic acid and acetic acid content. As the silage days increase, the pH gradually decreases. After 30 days of silage, the pH of Example 4, Example 5, and Example 6 is lower than that of Comparative Example 2, among which the 20% S group is slightly lower than that of Example 4 and Example 5. During the entire silage process, the lactic acid content gradually increases. On the 60th day of silage, Example 4, Example 5, and Example 6 are significantly higher than the control group, among which the lactic acid content of Example 5 is the highest. The acetic acid content continues to increase with the extension of the silage days, reaching the highest on the 60th day of silage. The acetic acid content of Example 4, Example 5, and Example 6 is lower than that of Comparative Example 2, among which the acetic acid content of Example 6 is significantly lower than that of Example 4 and Example 5. As the silage days increase, the propionic acid content of Example 4, Example 5, and Example 6 gradually increases, but the propionic acid content of Comparative Example 2 first increases and then decreases. On the 30th day of ensiling, the propionic acid content of Examples 4, 5 and 6 was significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 2, and the propionic acid content of Example 6 was significantly lower than that of Example 4 and Example 5. During the entire ensiling process, there was no significant difference in the ethanol content between Example 4 and Comparative Example 2, but the ethanol content of Example 6 was significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 2, Example 4 and Example 5 on the 60th day of ensiling.

[0081] Table 7 Effect of adding soybean meal on the number of microorganisms in the mixed silage process of Elymus dahliae and alfalfa

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] Note: Capital letters indicate significant differences among different silage days in the same treatment (P<0.05), and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same silage days (P<0.05).

[0085] As shown in Table 7, the number of days of silage has a significant effect on the number of lactic acid bacteria, yeast and aerobic bacteria during the mixed silage of Elymus salsa and alfalfa, while the addition of soybean meal has a significant effect on lactic acid bacteria and aerobic bacteria. As the number of days of silage increases, the number of lactic acid bacteria, yeast and aerobic bacteria in each group gradually decreases, among which the number of lactic acid bacteria in Example 6 is significantly higher than that in Comparative Example 2, and there is no significant difference between Example 4 and Example 5 and Comparative Example 2. On the 60th day of silage, the number of yeast and aerobic bacteria in each group reached the lowest, and the number of aerobic bacteria in Example 4, Example 5 and Example 6 was significantly lower than that in Comparative Example 2, but the difference in the number of yeast and Comparative Example 2 was not significant.

[0086] In summary, compared with Comparative Example 2, the lactic acid content of Examples 4, 5 and 6 was significantly increased, and the pH, acetic acid and ethanol contents were significantly decreased. Among them, the pH, acetic acid and ethanol contents of Example 6 were the lowest on the 60th day of ensiling, and the lactic acid content of Example 5 was the highest. As the proportion of soybean meal increased, the crude protein content increased significantly. The crude protein content of Examples 5 and 6 was significantly higher than that of Example 4. In summary, the addition of soybean meal can significantly improve the ensiling fermentation quality and crude protein content.

[0087] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a silage composition containing gramineous grass and alfalfa, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Raw material selection: fresh and mature grass and alfalfa; S2, cutting the grass and alfalfa cut in step S1 into short pieces of 2-3 cm, and mixing them evenly according to proportion to obtain a mixed raw material; S3, uniformly mixing the mixed raw material obtained in step S2 with the feed additive, loading into a silo, sealing and storing for fermentation, and obtaining a silage composition containing gramineous forage grass and alfalfa.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the grass is selected from one of green wheatgrass and Elymus salsa.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the mixing ratio of grass and alfalfa is 7-8:3-2.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed additive is selected from one or two of molasses, a compound lactic acid bacteria preparation or soybean meal.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The added amount of the honey is 3%, calculated on the fresh weight of the mixed raw materials.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The addition amount of the composite lactic acid bacteria preparation is 1×10 6 CFU·g -1 , measured by fresh weight of mixed raw materials.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that: The composite lactic acid bacteria preparation consists of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus bushi, wherein the mixing ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus bushi is 1:1:

1.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The soybean meal is added in an amount of 10%-20% based on the fresh weight of the mixed raw materials.

9. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the silo fermentation conditions are: fermentation temperature is 20-30° C., and fermentation time is 30-60 days.

10. A silage composition containing gramineous forage grass and alfalfa prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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